CN109169027A - The method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion - Google Patents
The method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169027A CN109169027A CN201811326470.1A CN201811326470A CN109169027A CN 109169027 A CN109169027 A CN 109169027A CN 201811326470 A CN201811326470 A CN 201811326470A CN 109169027 A CN109169027 A CN 109169027A
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- sandbur
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- invasion
- small iris
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to ecological restoration technical fields, and in particular to a kind of method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion, this method carries out biological substitution control to Sandbur using Chinese small iris.This method can effectively reduce the generation density of Sandbur, inhibits it to grow and breed, is finally reached the effect for removing Sandbur.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological restoration technical fields, in particular to a kind of invasion of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur
Method.
Background technique
Biology invades another new environment through natural or artificial approach with depositing by primary, more to the biology on invasion ground
Sample, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production and human health cause economic loss or ecocatastrophe (in great, Guo Jianying incomparably, Wang De brightness
The harm and management game [J] bio-diversity of state's Strategy of Alien Invasive Species, 2002,10 (1): 119-125.), as biology enters
It invades.In nature, biotic intrusion is a kind of generally existing phenomenon, and the type of biotic intrusion also includes almost all of life
Species group, with global economic integration, the world, domestic trade contact are more and more frequent, and the probability that biology success is invaded is also big
It is big to increase.
Sandbur (Cenchrus spinifex Cav.) grass family Cenchrus, annual herb originate in North America
Continent and tropical coastal areas, the 1940s are found in China, big on Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, the Inner Mongol and other places
Area occurs.Sandbur is with seminal propagation, its seed can be sprouted at any time within entire breeding time.Thorn bud tool is most small
Hangnail, can adhere on clothes, animal skin and cargo and propagate, seed is often sprouted in thorn bud.Infect Van Gogh in area it is dry,
Hills, sand hill, Sha Tuo, dykes and dams, graveyard, the road both sides of arid sand, edge of a field rand, waste lattice, pile wasteland, woodland are empty
There is Sandbur in dotted, band-like, sheet distribution (few colored puncture on the Liaoning Province the such as Du Guangming grassland in ground or even farmland
Blite and its endanger [J] Chinese Grassland, 1995 (3): pp.71~73.).
Sandbur it is adaptable, Sandbur vitality is extremely strong, can be bred rapidly after being passed to a certain location,
It wins honour for other crops, strive water, strive fertilizer, inhibit other plant growths, grassland quality decline can be made, good forage yield reduces.
Its thorn bud is very rigid after the fruit maturation of Sandbur, causes mechanical damage to livestock, influences the value of livestock products, simultaneously
Heavy losses are caused to wool textile industry.And the method for preventing and treating Sandbur at present be only limited to publicity, quarantine, machinery pull out and
Chemical prevention takes a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion, and this method is using Chinese small iris to Sandbur
Carry out biological substitution control.
Chinese small iris (Iris lactea var.chinensis), alias Ma Lian, kalimeris, Iridaceae Jris, perennial root
Thicket herbaceous plant, temperate zone and frigid zone can be grown on the Northern Hemisphere.Often it is born in riverbank, lakeside, soak, salinization and alkalization grass
Pasture, it is especially more to be grown on the salinization of soil grassland that overgrazes.Chinese small iris well developed root system, drought-enduring, cold-resistant, saline-alkali tolerant, it is resistance to trample on, it is resistance to
The characteristics such as soil depletion are gradually used as water shortage urban afforestation in recent years, slope protection fixes the sand, alkaline land improving, afforestation and west
The quality material of portion's revegetation.The Chinese small iris green phase is up to 280d or more, and the florescence also can achieve 50d, afforestation application aspect
There are very big potentiality.Under the conditions of arid, barren severe soil fertility, the increment of the aerial part cauline leaf of Chinese small iris can lower 20%
More than, and root volume will increase 10% or more, these features just determine that it is highly suitable for north of China Climate Dryness
The virescence rebuild of water and soil conservation and salt-soda soil dry, soil desertification is regional.
The biological substitution method of control Sandbur provided by the invention has the advantage that
1) this method can effectively reduce the generation density of Sandbur, inhibits it to grow and breed, is finally reached removing
The effect of Sandbur.
2) the drought-resistant ability of Chinese small iris is strong, and high survival rate plantation is easy.
3) Chinese small iris can not only inhibit the growth of Sandbur as substituted plant, be alternatively arranged as feed, and seed can
To be to achieve many things at one stroke as Chinese medicine.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion, and this method is using Chinese small iris to Sandbur
Carry out biological substitution control.
In the present invention, term " substitution control " refers to by planting one or more plants, makes in same growing environment
The growth and development of another or various plants be suppressed, to make " one or more plants " described with all one's life
Instead of the method for " another or the various plants " in long environment, this substitution control methods belong to for by substituted plant
A kind of biological control method.In the present invention, the plant substituted is Sandbur, to substitute the plant of Sandbur
Object is Chinese small iris.
In some embodiments, the line-spacing of the Chinese small iris plantation is 20~40cm, and planting depth is 10~30cm.
In some embodiments, the line-spacing of the Chinese small iris plantation is 25~35cm, and planting depth is 20~25cm, or
10~20cm.
In some embodiments, the Chinese small iris is planted by way of transplanting.
In some embodiments, it is described transplanting the following steps are included:
After the matrix that Chinese small iris grows is sprinkled profoundly water, the Chinese small iris seedling cultivated is transplanted into soil together with the matrix together
In；
It is sprinkled profoundly water again after transplanting, then covers water conservation layer.
In some embodiments, the matrix presses every part of 6~10dm3Volume be sub-packed in container, each appearance
6~8 seeds are planted in device；
Preferably, the container height >=10cm, more preferably 10~20cm.
In some implementations, the matrix is by weight, comprising:
60~78 parts of particulate matter, 20~36 parts decomposed of wormcast and 0.6~1.9 part of macromolecule water uptake resin.
In some implementations, the matrix is by weight, comprising:
65~73 parts of particulate matter, 24~32 parts decomposed of wormcast and 1~1.5 part of macromolecule water uptake resin.
In some implementations, the matrix is by weight, comprising:
68~70 parts of particulate matter, 26~30 parts decomposed of wormcast and 1.2~1.4 parts of macromolecule water uptake resin.
Main matrix of the particulate matter as plant growth has ventilative and water retention property.
Macromolecule water uptake resin be develop in recent years it is a kind of containing strongly hydrophilic group and have certain degree of cross linking
Functional high molecule material has high water absorption, high water holding capacity.
Decomposed wormcast can be used for adjusting geobiont group, may also function as the effect of fertilizer；Its contain full nitrogen 1.44~
1.56%, full phosphorus 1.74~1.89%, full potassium 0.95~0.98%, organic matter 28~30.2%.
In some embodiments, the partial size of the macromolecule water uptake resin is 30~60 mesh.
In some embodiments, the partial size of the particulate matter is less than 1mm.
In some embodiments, the particulate matter is perlite, and vermiculite, land waste paving stone, mixes native stone.
In some embodiments, the particulate matter is sand.
In some embodiments, the sand can be river sand, sea sand and mountain sand.
In some embodiments, the average grain diameter of the sand is the fine sand of 0.25~1mm, it is also an option that 0.3mm,
0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm。
In some embodiments, the matrix further includes 0.2~1.5 parts by weight of inorganic fertilizer；
In some embodiments, inorganic fertilizer is also an option that 0.39~1.01 parts by weight.
In some embodiments, the inorganic fertilizer contains N, P, K, Ca, Fe, SO4 2-One of or it is a variety of.
In some embodiments, in order to cooperate with decomposed wormcast to provide more preferably fertilizer efficiency, by weight, institute
Stating inorganic fertilizer includes:
0.05~0.1 part of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 0.03~0.05, calcium superphosphate 0.2~0.5, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3
And 0.01~0.06 part of ferrous sulfate.
In some embodiments, by weight, the inorganic fertilizer includes:
0.06~0.8 part of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 0.03~0.05, calcium superphosphate 0.3~0.4, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3
And 0.02~0.05 part of ferrous sulfate.
By using culture medium provided by the present invention, Chinese small iris emergence rate is up to 93%, and survival rate is up to 90%.This group will be used
It is healthy and strong to close the Chinese small iris seedling that object is cultivated, after plantation is into semiarid zone, high survival rate reaches as high as 75%, and when plantation is watered with
Cost is greatly saved later without continuing to water in moisture.This method has important reality to semiarid zone greening vegetation
Trample meaning.
Restoration of the ecosystem of the method particularly suitable for the invasion of the Sandbur of arid or semiarid zone.
The method can be also used for the restoration of the ecosystem of the Sandbur invasion of Agro-grazing ecotone.
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
It can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of for planting the composition of Chinese small iris, ingredient are as follows:
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of for planting the composition of Chinese small iris, ingredient are as follows:
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of for planting the composition of Chinese small iris, ingredient are as follows:
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of for planting the composition of Chinese small iris, ingredient are as follows:
Embodiment 5
Present embodiments provide a kind of implantation methods of Chinese small iris.
Using the composition that embodiment 4 is prepared as seedling medium.The seedling medium prepared is fitted into nutritive cube, is sought
The high 15-20cm of alms bowl, diameter 10-15cm are supported, the chinensis seed of vernalization is broadcasted sowing, 6-8 seeds in each alms bowl cover 0.5cm
Matrix, moisturizing culture.After the end of nursery, emergence rate and survival rate are counted.
The Chinese small iris seedling cultivation cultivated is tested in semiarid zone, before transplanting seedlings, will first be irrigated in nutritive cube
Water, then carrying substrates are transplanted.Every alms bowl line-spacing is 20-40cm, planting depth 25-30cm when transplanting.After transplanting, continue to pour
Then water covers sandy soil, with water conservation, can not have to watering later.After 3 months, survival rate is counted.
Comparative example 1
With embodiment 5, difference is only that, seedling medium is replaced with to the commercially available turfy soil of equivalent, is poured weekly after transplanting
Water.
Comparative example 2
With embodiment 5, difference is only that, the sand in seedling medium is replaced with to the commercially available turfy soil of equivalent.
Experimental example 1
As can be known from the above table, matrix provided by the present invention compared with the existing technology (comparative example 1) although emergence rate and surviving
Rate effect is close, but survival rate significantly improves.This is mainly due to the matrix that the present invention is improved to have better water holding capacity；
Compared with comparative example 2, it can be seen that sand is for turfy soil, and water-retaining property of breathing freely is more preferably.Fine sand is unusual
The gap of other media can be blocked after exquisiteness and decomposed wormcast, the mixing of macromolecule water uptake resin.To in water shortage environment
It is lower that there is more preferably survival rate.
Experimental example 2
This experimental example mainly provides Chinese small iris and carries out biological substitution control example to Sandbur.
Survey region is located at: Tongliao, Inner Mongolia city Naiman Banner (N43.26 °, E120.87 °), 300 meters of height above sea level, soil is wind
Sandy soil, pH 8.5-9.0, this area's drought, Sandbur occurring area are big.Sandbur difficulty ratio is prevented and kill off to prevent and kill off
Sandbur difficulty in other habitats is much bigger, and to protect local vegetation, Sandbur cannot pass through chemical prevention
It is prevented and kill off, and manually pulls out time-consuming and laborious, therefore, to prevent and kill off Sandbur be good selection using substitution control methods.
Sandbur such as is prevented and kill off using substitution control methods, suitable substituted plant, Caragana korshinskii, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, poplar should be selected first
Although setting to wait plants to plant in locality, since these Plant Water Consumption amounts are big, survival rate is low, and is not easy to be formed in the short time
High canopy density group, so being not easy as substituted plant.
Specific implementation method:
Test period: 2018.6-2018.10
Test site: Mongolian Tongliao City's cross region between farmland and grassland, this area's drought, rainfall is few, Sandbur generating surface
Product is big, and harm is serious.
Specific method:
1. Chinese small iris implantation methods:
It is planted on June 20th, 2018 to June 25, planting patterns is transplanting seedling, and line-spacing 20-40cm, plantation is deeply
Degree is 25-30cm.
Before plantation, Chinese small iris nursery is first carried out.By the chinensis seed of vernalization, the 6-8 in each alms bowl in nutritive cube is planted
Grain seed, nutritive cube height are 20-25cm.
Before transplanting seedlings, it will first sprinkle profoundly water in nutritive cube, then transplanted again.After transplanting, continue to water, then earthing,
With water conservation, watering can not had to later.
2. measurement index:
The measuring method of each index of Sandbur (randomly selects 30 plants of Sandburs in trial zone to be surveyed as follows
It is fixed):
Plant height (absolute): it is measured from ground to longest branch fringe top in single plant and distance is straightened, be 1mm's with minimum scale
Tape measure measures plant height, calculates the average value of plant height.
Tiller number: the branch number that every plant of Sandbur is directly formed from subterranean root, also referred to as major branch branch number count
And seek calculation average value.
Caryopsis (bur) number: the quantity of every plant of Sandbur fruit counts and seeks calculation average value.
Average biomass of individual tree: taking Sandbur aerial part, with baking oven after 104 DEG C of water-removing 15min, dries at 80 DEG C
It does to constant weight, claims its dry weight on an electronic balance, calculate average.
3. experimental result:
Sandbur, plant height plant height (5.3)~(10.2) cm of Sandbur, total tiller number are substituted using Chinese small iris
(0)~(3), caryopsis number (0)~(12) biomass (0.6g)~(6.3g), every square metre of Sandbur strain number (2)~(6)
Do not use substitution control method, plant height (25.6)~(46.8) cm of Sandbur, total tiller number (10)~
(32), caryopsis number (30)~(130), biomass (21.3g)~(88.5g), every square metre of Sandbur strain number (4)~(22)
The generation density 50%~72.7% of Sandbur can be reduced, average plant height 50.2%~70.7% is reduced, subtracts
Single plant tiller number 50.9%~100%, reduction averagely single plant caryopsis number 75.4%~100%, the reduction averagely single plant that is averaged less are raw
Object amount 88.2%~97.6%.
Since implantation time should select local rainy season, after being watered with water, Chinese small iris can survive in the severe ecosystem, and
It is grown rapidly after rain, ground can be covered rapidly, it is suppressed that the growth of Sandbur seedling, over time, Chinese small iris
It shoots up as dense group, gradually Sandbur inhibition is gone down by shading blocking effect, it is final to occur without few flower
Sandbur or the small and weak situation of Sandbur.And Chinese small iris is perennial pionner, turning green in early spring, early, the green phase is long, survival
Chinese small iris, can continue afterwards to Sandbur grow inhibit, be finally reached remove Sandbur effect.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, but those skilled in the art should understand that: its
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features
It is equivalently replaced；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention skill that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion, which is characterized in that given birth to using Chinese small iris to Sandbur
Object substitution control.
2. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Chinese small iris plantation
Line-spacing be 20~40cm, planting depth be 10~30cm.
3. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Chinese small iris passes through
The mode of transplanting is planted.
4. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur according to claim 3 invasion, which is characterized in that the transplanting includes
Following steps:
After the matrix that Chinese small iris grows is sprinkled profoundly water, the Chinese small iris seedling cultivated is transplanted into soil together together with the matrix；
It is sprinkled profoundly water again after transplanting, then covers water conservation layer.
5. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the matrix is by every
6~10dm of part3Volume be sub-packed in container, in each container plant 6~8 seeds；
Preferably, the container height >=10cm, more preferably 10~20cm.
6. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the matrix
By weight, comprising:
60~78 parts of particulate matter, 20~36 parts decomposed of wormcast and 0.6~1.9 part of macromolecule water uptake resin.
7. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the particulate matter
For sand.
8. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the macromolecule is inhaled
The partial size of water-base resin is 30~60 mesh.
9. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 6, which is characterized in that it further includes inorganic
Fertile 0.2~1.5 parts by weight.
10. the method for restoration of the ecosystem Sandbur invasion according to claim 6, which is characterized in that by weight,
The inorganic fertilizer includes:
0.05~0.1 part of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 0.03~0.05, calcium superphosphate 0.2~0.5, magnesium sulfate 0.1~0.3 and
0.01~0.06 part of ferrous sulfate.
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| CN104782382A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-22 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Cenchrus paciflorus controlling method |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |