CN113079930B - Tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and sowing seedling culture method in coastal tidal flat area - Google Patents
Tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and sowing seedling culture method in coastal tidal flat area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079930B CN113079930B CN202110484214.0A CN202110484214A CN113079930B CN 113079930 B CN113079930 B CN 113079930B CN 202110484214 A CN202110484214 A CN 202110484214A CN 113079930 B CN113079930 B CN 113079930B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly provides a tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and a seeding and seedling culture method in coastal beach areas. The tamarix chinensis seedling culture substrate in the coastal beach area comprises 4-7 parts of alkaline soil, 2-5 parts of vermiculite and 0.5-2 parts of perlite, which are uniformly mixed according to respective volume ratio, and the whole substrate is alkaline. Solves the problems of lower survival rate of seeding and seedling raising and cutting seedling raising in coastal beach areas and great death in one year in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly provides a tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and a seeding and seedling culture method in coastal beach areas.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Tamarix plants are one of the most saline-alkali resistant woody plants in the world, more than 90 tamarix plants are distributed in China, mainly in the middle Asia and Mediterranean areas, and also in Africa, and in China, there are 19 varieties 1, mainly in the northwest area, the north China area and the east China area, and also in the south China. Meanwhile, the tamarix chinensis is a backbone tree species for coastal wetland restoration.
In the north of China, sowing and cutting seedling raising are mainly adopted for tamarix chinensis breeding. The sowing and seedling raising are used as important means for seedling breeding, and have the advantages of low breeding cost, high breeding coefficient and the like. The sowing method is characterized by higher propagation coefficient, but the inventor finds that the sowing and seedling growth influence factors are more, the seedlings are more uneven, and as the tamarix chinensis is mostly a straight root system, the root system is less during transplanting, the lateral roots are less, and the transplanting is not easy to survive. The cutting seedling mainly comprises hard branch cutting and twig cutting, and is mainly used for breeding fine varieties in northern areas, but under the normal condition, the cutting seedling is easy to adapt to the environment similar to that of a mother seedling, but is difficult to adapt to the harsher environment.
For coastal beach areas, the coastal beach areas have little fresh water, high saline-alkali content, mainly sandy soil, and low survival rate of seeding and seedling raising and cutting seedling raising, mainly because the tamarix chinensis is difficult to adapt to saline beaches and sandy land.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the survival rate of both seeding and seedling raising and cutting seedling raising in coastal beach areas is low in the prior art, the inventor conducts breeding of the tamarix chinensis in south China, further discovers that the phenomenon of substantial death within one year occurs in the transplanting process of the tamarix chinensis, and researches from the breeding angle.
In one or some embodiments of the disclosure, a tamarix chinensis seedling culture substrate in coastal beach areas is provided, which includes 4 to 7 parts of alkaline soil, 2 to 5 parts of vermiculite and 0.5 to 2 parts of perlite, which are mixed uniformly according to respective volume ratios, and the whole substrate is alkaline.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for sowing and raising tamarix chinensis seedlings at coastal beach areas is provided, which includes the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of collecting seeds,
(2) Preparing a seedbed: preparing a slurry seedbed with certain salt content, and simulating coastal mudflat;
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: fully contacting the seeds with the seedbed;
(4) Preparing a substrate and culturing a seedling container: filling the tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium in the coastal tidal flat area to obtain a seedling culture container;
(5) Transplanting: when the seedbed seedlings grow to be semi-lignified, transferring the seedlings into the seedling culture container prepared in the step (4);
(6) Managing after transplanting: transplanting the seedling culture container into a seedling culture field;
(7) D, outplanting the nursery stock;
wherein, the steps (1) and (2) can be carried out in sequence or simultaneously.
One or some of the above technical solutions have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
1) The method utilizes salt and alkali stress breeding to screen a batch of seeds and seedlings with salt and alkali tolerance, solves the problem that tamarix chinensis transplanted in coastal beach areas dies greatly within one year, effectively solves the current situations of seeding and seedling culture in humid soil and fresh water dependence, utilizes resources such as high salt content, humidity, temperature, natural rainfall and the like of coastal beach areas in south China sea, achieves the effects of reducing cost, realizing rapid seedling formation, improving the quality of the seeded seedlings, having complete root systems and high afforestation survival rate.
2) The breeding method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the emergence of tamarix chinensis seedlings is fast, the seedlings can be outplanted in about one year, the requirement of high survival rate is met, and the fast forestation in coastal beach areas is realized.
3) The disclosure provides a seedling raising substrate which is specially used for the growth of rooted seedlings, is different from a cutting seedling raising substrate in the prior art, and can obviously improve the growth vigor of rooted tamarix chinensis seedlings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the disclosure without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Aiming at the problem that the survival rate of both seeding and cutting seedlings in coastal beach areas is low in the prior art, the inventor carries out breeding of the tamarix chinensis in south China, further discovers that the phenomenon of substantial death within one year occurs in the transplanting process of the tamarix chinensis, and researches the breeding angle.
In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, a tamarix chinensis seedling raising substrate in a coastal beach area is provided, which includes 4-7 parts of alkaline soil, 2-5 parts of vermiculite and 0.5-2 parts of perlite, which are mixed uniformly according to respective volume ratios, and the whole substrate is alkaline.
The coastal beach area of the present disclosure mainly refers to a coastal heavy salt-containing area, and is preferably an coastal heavy salt-containing area which is not reclaimed in the south China according to an embodiment.
The tamarix chinensis seedling substrate is used for transplanting rooted tamarix chinensis, soil in the substrate is alkaline soil, an alkaline environment of coastal mud flat is simulated, a certain degree of alkali stress is performed on tamarix chinensis seedlings, the alkali tolerance degree of the tamarix chinensis seedlings is improved, and the seedlings with poor alkali tolerance degree can be screened to a certain degree, namely the seedlings with poor alkali tolerance degree cannot survive in the substrate, so that the problem that manpower and material resources are wasted due to the fact that the seedlings with poor alkali tolerance degree are transplanted is solved.
Vermiculite and perlite are used for loosening the matrix, so that rooting of the tamarix chinensis is facilitated. The seedling raising substrate is aimed at rooted tamarix chinensis, and the root system of the tamarix chinensis is mainly characterized by a straight root system and less root systems, so that all components of the substrate are uniformly mixed, the rooting of the tamarix chinensis in all directions is facilitated, the substrate is different from a common tamarix chinensis layered cutting substrate in the prior art, namely, in the cutting substrate, due to branches, the substrate aims to promote the branches to root and germinate, and therefore, a wind-dispelling rooting area, a nutrition absorption area and a germination area are provided according to different functions, so that the rapid growth of the cutting branches is facilitated, but in the substrate, the main function is to improve the tolerance degree of seedlings to saline alkali so as to improve the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted into coastal beaches after the seedlings are out of a nursery, and therefore, the root systems should grow to all directions so as to fully absorb the saline alkali nutrients and improve the saline alkali resistance.
Preferably, the pH of the matrix is 7-9; the pH value can be adjusted by using the alkalinity of the soil, and chemical alkali can be added for adjustment when necessary.
Preferably, the alkaline earth: vermiculite: the volume ratio of the perlite is 6;
preferably, the alkaline soil is turfy soil;
preferably, the alkaline soil is a mixture of fine sand and mucky soil, and the salt content is 0.1-0.2%; the fine sand and the sludge further simulate the landform of coastal beaches, the salt content is simulated seawater salt content, and the salt stress is further carried out while the alkali stress is met.
Further preferably, the volume ratio of the fine sand to the mucky soil is 1-2:1-2; more preferably 1:1;
more preferably, the desired salt content is prepared from brine or natural seawater having a salt content of 0.4%.
Preferably, the fertilizer and the bactericide are also included;
preferably, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the density of the compound fertilizer is 3-5kg/m 3 ；
Preferably, the fertilizer is a controlled release fertilizer, and the density of the controlled release fertilizer is 2-3kg/m 3 ；
Preferably, the bactericide is carbendazim, and the density of the carbendazim is 40g/m 3 。
The fertilizer and the bactericide have the functions of promoting rooting and avoiding the failure of seedling culture caused by the infection of the tamarix chinensis by bacteria and fungi in the rooting process.
In one or some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for sowing and raising tamarix chinensis seedlings at coastal beach areas is provided, which includes the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of collecting seeds,
(2) Preparing a seedbed: preparing a slurry seedbed with certain salt content, and simulating coastal mudflat;
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: fully contacting the seeds with the seedbed;
(4) Preparing a substrate and culturing a seedling container: filling the tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium in the coastal tidal flat area to obtain a seedling culture container;
(5) Transplanting: when the seedbed seedlings grow to be semi-lignified, transferring the seedlings into the seedling culture container prepared in the step (4);
(6) Managing after transplanting: transplanting the seedling container into a seedling field;
(7) D, outplanting the nursery stock;
wherein, the steps (1) and (2) can be carried out in sequence or simultaneously.
The method simulates coastal mudflats from the beginning of seedbed preparation, carries out salt stress on tamarix chinensis seeds, combines a matrix, fully screens the seeds and seedlings, screens out individuals with poor tolerance to salt and alkali, provides a good environment for the growth of the seeds and the seedlings, promotes the rapid growth of the seeds and the seedlings, and obtains strong seedlings.
Transplanting the seedlings into a nursery garden when the seedlings grow to be semi-lignified, fully fertilizing in the nursery garden to meet the requirement of quick growth of the seedlings, and transplanting the tamarix chinensis into a coastal beach area to form a protection forest to protect the beach area from water and soil loss when the tamarix chinensis grows to a certain height and has certain wind resistance.
Preferably, in the step (1), the seeds with yellow and cracked pods are collected and then are ventilated and dried in the shade;
preferably, the south China is collected in 5-6 months, and the north China is collected in autumn. This is due to the difference in the ripening seasons between tamarix chinensis seeds in south China and north China.
Preferably, in the step (2), the beach with the heavy salt content of the coastal area is used as a low bed, and the bed surface is made into slurry by using surface brackish water or natural rainfall;
preferably, the salt content of the mud beach with heavy salt content exceeds 0.6%;
preferably, the length of the low bed is determined according to the terrain, and the width of the low bed is 0.8-1.2 m.
Preferably, in the step (3), the seeds are mixed with wet sand or directly and uniformly spread in slurry on the surface of the seedbed, the surface of the seedbed is kept in a slurry state, and the water level is higher than that of the seedbed; this openly has verified through the experiment that directly evenly scatter the seed in seedbed surface, bury the survival rate for the earthing higher.
Preferably, the volume of the wet sand is 40-60%;
preferably, the seedbed is kept in a slurry state for 2 to 5 days, more preferably for 3 days; the mud is kept to mainly meet the requirement of water absorption and germination of seeds, and the content of salt and alkali in the mud is high, so that the mud prevents a part of seeds which are not tolerant to salt and alkali from germinating, and has certain seed screening significance.
Preferably, the water on the surface of the seedbed is naturally evaporated until no clear water exists, and then watering can be carried out;
preferably, if the light intensity is too high, a shading net is erected, and further preferably, the shading degree is 40-60%;
preferably, the water is applied by using a sprayer or a sprinkling irrigation belt; the watering can directly irrigate fresh water, as the main purpose of transplanting the seedlings into the nursery is to enable the seedlings to grow rapidly, and the seedlings which can be transplanted into the nursery are subjected to double screening of seedbeds and matrixes, and are individuals with better saline-alkali resistance under the common condition.
Preferably, the seedbed is kept wet for 25-30 days;
preferably, the seedling emergence time is 10 to 20 days.
Preferably, in step (4), the container is filled with a high non-woven fabric or a plastic container.
Preferably, in the step (5), the seedlings are transferred into a seedling raising container after the seedbed seedlings grow to be more than 10cm high;
preferably, the main roots need to be trimmed during transplanting;
further preferably, the length of the remaining main root is 5-10cm.
Preferably, in the step (6), a shading net is used for shading in a sunny day;
preferably, the light shielding rate is 40 to 60%;
preferably, the shading net is removed in 7 to 10 days;
preferably, after the shading net is removed, weeds and sprouts are removed in real time, and ventilation are kept.
Preferably, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate or 0.2 to 0.3 percent of urea solution is sprayed for 1 time every 10 to 15 days,
preferably, in the step (7), the seedlings can be outplanted when the height is 30-40 cm.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a tamarix chinensis seeding and seedling method in a coastal beach area, wherein seedling is carried out in a pearl sea seedling base, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed collection and preparation: and when the seeds are ripe in 5 to 6 months, the tamarix chinensis seeds are extremely small and are easy to fly and scatter, and seeds can be collected when the pods are observed to be yellow and crack. Drying in the shade in a ventilated and dry place after harvesting, and removing impurities such as fruit branches and the like for later use.
(2) Preparing a seedbed: in the middle ten days of 6 months, before and after the tamarix chinensis seeds are mature, a low bed is made on a beach with heavy salt content (the salt content generally exceeds 0.6%) on the coast, the width is 0.8-1.2 m, the length is determined according to the topographic conditions, and the bed surface is made into a muddy shape by using surface brackish water or natural rainfall.
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: mixing wet sand (40-60%) with seeds or directly and uniformly spreading the seeds in the bed surface slurry, after sowing, making the water surface be slightly higher than the seedbed, making the seeds fully contact with the seedbed, making the seedbed be kept in slurry state for 3 days, then making water naturally evaporate until no clear water is available. It is necessary to erect shading net with shading degree of 40-60%, and to use sprayer or spray irrigation belt to maintain the wet seedbed for 25-30 days, usually 10-20 days to make the seedlings come out.
(4) Preparing a substrate and culturing a seedling container: the matrix is composed of turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite =6, pH is 7-9, 3-5kg/m compound fertilizer can be added into the substrate 3 Or 2-3kg/m of controlled release fertilizer 3 The fertilizer can effectively promote the quick growth of the transplanted seedlings. According to 40g/m 3 Adding 50% carbendazim powder for sterilizing, stirring, and manually or mechanically filling. Non-woven fabric seedlings with the diameter of 5-10cm and the height of 10-15 cm or a plastic container is used for filling, manual filling or mechanical filling can be performed, and the salt content of the matrix is adjusted to 0.1% -0.2% by using saline water.
(5) Transplanting: and (5) when the seedling grows to be more than 10cm high and branches are semi-lignified, transferring the seedling into a container. When transplanting, the main root needs to be trimmed, and the length is 5-10cm, so as to promote the development of lateral roots and prevent packing.
(7) Managing after transplanting: and (3) moving the seedling raising container into a seedling raising field, simply shading the seedling in a sunny day at high temperature (shading rate is 40-60%), watering the seedling in every 5 days after transplanting, and removing the shading net in 7-10 days. After the shading net is removed, weeds and sprouts are removed in real time, and ventilation are kept. Spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate or 0.2-0.3% urea solution every 10-15 days for 1 time, and watering according to the soil moisture content.
(8) And (3) outplanting the nursery stock: the seedlings can be outplanted for afforestation or large seedling cultivation when the height of the seedlings is 30-40 cm.
Example 2 (covering soil)
The embodiment provides a tamarix chinensis seeding and seedling method in a coastal beach area, wherein seedling is carried out in a pearl sea seedling base, and the difference from the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2), a low bed is made on a coastal heavy salt content mud beach (the salt content generally exceeds 0.6%), the width is 0.8-1.2 m, the length is determined according to the topographic condition, and tamarix chinensis seeds are buried by covering soil, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5-1.0 cm.
Example 3 (with layered matrix)
The embodiment provides a seeding and seedling method of tamarix chinensis in coastal beach areas, wherein seedling is carried out in a pearl sea seedling base, and the difference from the embodiment 1 is that in the step (4), a substrate is a layered substrate, three layers are formed from top to bottom, the uppermost layer is a first layer, the first layer is a nutrition mixture layer and consists of wormcast and turfy soil, and the pH value is 7-9; the second layer is a vermiculite layer; the third layer is a sandy soil layer with the pH value of 7-9.
Example 4 (raising seedlings by cutting)
The embodiment provides a method for sowing and seedling raising of tamarix chinensis at coastal tidal flat areas, wherein seedling raising is performed in a pearl sea seedling raising base, the difference from the embodiment 1 is that cuttage seedling raising is adopted, 10-30cm of tamarix chinensis branches which are lignified are selected for cuttage, and a cuttage substrate is the same as that in the embodiment 3.
Example 5 (No salt and alkali stress seedling raising)
The embodiment provides a method for sowing and seedling of tamarix chinensis in coastal beach areas, wherein the seedling is carried out in a pearl sea seedling base, and the difference from the embodiment 1 is that in the step (4), the pH value of a substrate is 6-7.
Example 6 (substrate-free seedling raising)
The embodiment provides a method for sowing and raising tamarix chinensis seedlings in a coastal beach area, wherein the seedlings are raised in a pearl sea seedling raising base, and the method is different from the embodiment 1 in that the step (4) is not included.
Example 6
In the embodiment, the indexes related to seeding and seedling raising are measured.
The survival rate of the seedlings in the substrate in examples 1 to 5 was calculated as shown in Table 1, based on the number of seedlings surviving within 15 days in the substrate of step (4) divided by the number of seedlings transplanted from the bed of step (3).
TABLE 1
Note: since the example 4 is a cutting seedling, the cutting seedling itself has a certain height, and thus is not suitable for measuring the plant height, and the example 6 does not participate in the measurement because the seedling is directly transplanted.
As can be seen from the above table, the survival rate of the seedlings described in example 3 is significantly lower than that of other components, and obviously, the mode of adopting the layered matrix is not favorable for the growth of tamarix chinensis seedlings, but from the data of example 4, the survival rate of the cutting seedlings is higher, and the layered matrix is obviously suitable for the growth of the cutting seedlings. Obviously, for the rooted tamarix chinensis seedlings, the light medium mainly comprising turfy soil is adopted, and the method has the advantages of high survival rate, developed root systems, robust growth and the like.
From example 2, the survival rate of the burying in the earth is reduced compared with the mode of spreading the seeds on the bed surface mud, and obviously, the seeds after the burying in the earth are not strong enough to form seedlings, and the seeds are probably caused by insufficient moisture absorption in the burying process in the earth.
In example 5, the substrate seedling raising is carried out in a saline-alkali stress-free mode, the survival rate is high, and obviously, in example 1, a part of seeds are screened out under the saline-alkali stress.
The survival rate of the seedlings transplanted to the coastal mudflat in the examples 1 to 6 was calculated, and the results are shown in table 2, and the calculation criteria is the number of tamarix chinensis surviving after three months of transplantation into the coastal mudflat area or the number of tamarix chinensis surviving after one year was divided by the number of seedlings transplanted in the seedbed in the step (3).
TABLE 2
| Survival rate after March | Survival rate after one year | |
| Example 1 | 88.6％ | 82.1％ |
| Example 2 | 85％ | 79.4％ |
| Example 3 | 51.6％ | 21.6％ |
| Example 4 | 79.8％ | 64％ |
| Example 5 | 70.3％ | 38.7％ |
| Example 6 | 25.6％ | 5％ |
Since there is no substrate in example 6, the denominator in table 2 is the number of seedlings transplanted from the seedbed in order to show the survival difference between the different methods.
From example 1,2, tamarix chinensis seedlings stressed by matrix salt exhibit better viability, and the viability rate is still higher after one year, which is obviously suitable for severe saline-alkali environment of coastal beaches. Among them, the survival rate of example 1 is slightly higher than that of example 2, and it is obvious that the muddy seedbed is more favorable for the seeds to grow into strong seedlings than the burying in the soil.
Example 3, the survival rate was lower than that of example 4, and it was obvious that an inappropriate substrate was selected, and even though the breeding method was the same as that of example 1, the survival rate of tamarix chinensis could not be improved.
Example 4 adopts a breeding mode of salt stress cutting branches, the survival rate is still good, obviously the seedling growth of the substrate cutting breeding is still good, and the survival rate after one year is higher, the tamarix chinensis stressed by salt and alkali has better salt tolerance, but compared with example 1,2, the survival rate of the tamarix chinensis described in example 4 is still lower, obviously the seed seedling is more suitable for the growth of the tamarix chinensis than the cutting seedling.
Example 5 the survival rate after march is still acceptable, but the survival rate after one year is sharply reduced, and the inventor analyzes the reason that the seedlings cultured in example 5 are stronger, and as can be seen from table 1, the seedlings have more lateral roots and higher plant height, and show better growth potential in the early stage of transplantation, but as time goes on, the seedlings in example 5 are not subjected to saline-alkali stress, and the salt-alkali tolerance is insufficient, so the death rate of tamarix chinensis is higher within three months to one year.
In example 6, the survival rate of tamarix chinensis for medium-free seedling culture is the lowest, and obviously, the survival rate is remarkably improved by medium seedling culture.
The disclosure of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but rather to the specific embodiments, the disclosure is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A tamarix chinensis sowing and seedling raising method in coastal beach areas is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Collecting seeds;
(2) Preparing a seedbed: preparing a slurry seedbed with certain salt content, and simulating coastal mudflat;
(3) The sowing method comprises the following steps: fully contacting the seeds with the seedbed;
(4) Preparing a substrate and culturing a seedling container: filling the tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium in the coastal tidal flat area to obtain a seedling culture container;
(5) Transplanting: when the seedbed seedlings grow to be semi-lignified, transferring the seedlings into the seedling culture container prepared in the step (4);
(6) Managing after transplanting: transplanting the seedling culture container into a seedling culture field;
(7) D, outplanting the nursery stock;
wherein, the steps (1) and (2) can be carried out in sequence or simultaneously;
in the step (2), the beach with heavy salt content of the coastal area is used as a low bed, and the bed surface is made into slurry by using surface brackish water or natural rainfall; the salt content of the mud beach with heavy salt content exceeds 0.6 percent; the length of the low bed is determined according to the topographic condition, and the width is 0.8 to 1.2m;
in the step (3), the seeds are mixed with wet sand or directly and uniformly spread in slurry on the surface of the seedbed, the surface of the seedbed is kept in a slurry state, and the water level is higher than that of the seedbed; the volume of the wet sand is 40-60%; keeping the seedbed slurry for 2-5 days; naturally evaporating the water on the surface of the seedbed until no clear water exists, and watering; if the illumination intensity is too high, erecting a shading net with the shading degree of 40 to 60 percent; watering with a sprayer or a sprinkling irrigation belt; keeping the seedbed wet for 25-30 days; the time for the seedlings to emerge is 10 to 20 days;
in the step (4), the matrix comprises 6 parts of alkaline soil: 3 parts of vermiculite: 1 part of perlite is uniformly mixed according to respective volume ratio, the whole matrix is alkaline, and the pH value of the matrix is 7-9;
the alkaline soil is a mixture of fine sand and mucky soil, the salt content is 0.1-0.2%, and the volume ratio of the fine sand to the mucky soil is 1:1;
the required salt content is prepared by using salt water or natural seawater with the salt content of 0.4%;
the substrate also comprises a fertilizer and a bactericide;
the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the density of the compound fertilizer is 3-5kg/m 3 ；
Or the fertilizer is controlled release fertilizer, and the density of the controlled release fertilizer is 2-3kg/m 3 ；
The bactericide is carbendazim, and the density of the carbendazim is 40g/m 3 ；
In the step (5), transferring the seedlings into a seedling raising container when the seedlings in the seedbed grow to be more than 10cm high; pruning the main roots during transplanting; keeping the length of the main root to be 5-10cm;
in the step (6), a shading net is used for shading in a sunny day; the shading rate is 40 to 60 percent; removing the shading net after 7 to 10 days; after the shading net is removed, weeding and sprout removing are carried out in real time, and ventilation are kept; spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate or 0.2-0.3% of urea solution for 1 time every 10-15 days.
2. The method for sowing and raising tamarix chinensis seedlings at coastal beach areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the seedbed is kept in a mud-like state for 3 days.
3. The method for sowing and cultivating Tamarix chinensis seedlings at coastal tidal flat areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), seeds with pod yellowing and cracking are collected, ventilated and dried in the shade;
collected in south China in 5-6 months and collected in northern China in autumn.
4. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of tamarix chinensis at coastal beach areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), high non-woven fabrics or plastic containers are used for filling.
5. The sowing and seedling raising method for tamarix chinensis at coastal tidal flat areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), seedlings are outplanted when the height of the seedlings is 30-40 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110484214.0A CN113079930B (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Tamarix chinensis seedling culture medium and sowing seedling culture method in coastal tidal flat area |
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