CN106993414B

CN106993414B - Germination box and akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method

Info

Publication number: CN106993414B
Application number: CN201710251947.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 覃大吉; 姚文华; 陈菲菲; 杨永康; 殷红清; 马进; 万海英; 谢刚毅; 王孝元; 李红英
Original assignee: ENSHI QINGJIANG BIO-ENGINEERING CO LTD
Current assignee: ENSHI QINGJIANG BIO-ENGINEERING CO LTD
Priority date: 2017-04-17
Filing date: 2017-04-17
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-17
Also published as: CN106993414A

Abstract

The invention provides a germination box and a akebia trifoliata seedling breeding method, and relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture. The ventilation unit of the germination box provided by the invention is arranged in the box body and is communicated with the bottom wall, so that good ventilation and water seepage functions can be realized, and proper ventilation and humidity are provided for seed germination. The method for carrying out the akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box further improves the capabilities of ventilation, light shielding, heat preservation and moisture preservation of the germination matrix, has high seed germination rate, is simple and convenient to broadcast and fetch, has high seed germination and white exposure rate, saves manpower, and reduces the seed loss rate. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method provided by the invention is used for propagating seedlings by using seeds in fruits of a same-type multi-generation selfing orchard, and on the premise of ensuring relatively consistent descendant hereditary characters, the seedling propagation coefficient is large, the seedling supply capacity is strong, the seedling quality is high, the characters of descendant plants and fruits are relatively high, and the commodity of the fruits is good.

Description

Germination box and akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a germination box and a akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method.

Background

Akebia trifoliata (Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz) is a wild vine fruit tree of Akebia genus of Akebia family. Deciduous wood vines. The bark is grayish brown with sparse skin holes and small wart points. Palm-shaped compound leaves are intercropped or clustered on short branches; paper or thin paper, oval to broad oval, with wavy teeth or shallow cracks at the edges. The raceme is extracted from the short-branch cluster leaves, the upper part of the raceme has mauve female flowers, and the lower part of the raceme has light purple male flowers. The fruits are commonly named as August melons, August pricks and fried melons. The fruit is long and round, straight or slightly curved, and the grey white is slightly purple when the fruit is ripe; majority of seeds, oblate ovate, reddish brown or blackish brown in seed coat. The research shows that the akebia trifoliata roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits have multiple purposes, are edible, medicinal, processing and ornamental, and have higher economic value and development value.

The fruit of Heiseyong, named August fried, is obtained due to the ripeness and cracking of August. The fruit is similar to banana, and contains sugar, vitamin C, 12 kinds of amino acids, methionine, isochitin, alanine, lysine, etc. The fruit is berry, purple or brown, long round, 9cm long, 9cm diameter, average single fruit weight of 90g, maturity of 9-10 months, sweet, fragrant, smooth and tender. The fruit is fragrant and sweet, is pollution-free green food and is called as the banana. The wild resources in the bush are abundant. In order to get higher than wild fruits, the wild fruits are now listed as key development projects by relevant departments. The holboellia latifolia has bitter and mild taste and has the efficacy of soothing liver and regulating qi, and the rattan and the fruit can be used for treating chest and rib pain, liver and stomach pain and the like. Eating fresh August melon fruit can regulate qi of chest and abdomen smoothly. The holboellia latifolia can regulate qi and dissipate stagnation, so the holboellia latifolia can be used for treating scrofula, breast cancer and digestive tract cancer in recent years. The planting development of the fruits (the holboellia latifolia) is actively developed in some areas, and the demand of the akebia trifoliata seedlings is increased year by year, so that the demand is short.

The propagation method of akebia trifoliata includes 4 methods: seed propagation, buried-stripe propagation, root division propagation and cutting propagation. (1) Seed propagation: when the August melon fruits are ripe in 9-10 months, the August melon fruits are picked off, the pulp is eaten, and the seeds are sowed in autumn in time. The seed propagation is simple and easy, the propagation coefficient is large, the bred nursery stock has late fruiting, and the seedling can fruit after 3 years generally. In view of the genetic stability of the above traits, it is theoretically not supported to be adopted in production. (2) And (3) burying and breeding: the caulis et folium Pachyrhizi Erosi is strong in sprouting power, 1-2 years of branch vines are selected to be buried in soil, rooting can be achieved after 1 month, propagation can be achieved all the year round, flowering and fructification can be achieved in 2 years after general field planting, but layering operation occupies a large area, operation is inconvenient, and implementation is difficult. (3) Root division propagation: the root division propagation is carried out before the germination in early spring. One pocket of multiple holboellia latifolia plants were manually divided into multiple plants from the root. Under the condition of not cutting off branches and tendrils, the current fruiting of the current planting in the year, the division and root propagation can be realized by one pocket of a plurality of plants, but the propagation coefficient is small, and the method is only suitable for the germ plasm resource ex-situ protection and the initial construction stage of a maternal garden. (4) Cutting propagation: cuttage can be carried out all the year round. Theoretically, ABT No. 2 rooting powder can be used for soaking the branches and the tendrils for cuttage, the survival rate can be improved to 100 percent, and the method is suitable for large-scale production and supply of high-quality seedlings. However, in the production practice, the cuttage survival rate of the akebia trifoliate is generally 50-90 percent, the seedling rate is 30-60 percent, the variation range is large, and the result repeatability is not strong due to improper cuttage strip selection, difficult control of seasons and environment and the like.

Therefore, how to solve the contradiction between the genetic stability of akebia trifoliata and the batch production and supply of high-quality seedlings under the background that no new high-quality and high-yield variety of akebia trifoliata is bred at present, the development of a germination box suitable for the germination of akebia trifoliata seeds and a high-quality akebia trifoliata seedling propagation technology becomes a key point of increasing research.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the invention is to provide a germination box, which is used for relieving the technical problem that the germination box in the prior art cannot realize internal ventilation and water seepage;

the second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the germination box in the germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds;

the third purpose of the invention is to provide a method for carrying out akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box, so as to relieve the technical problem of low akebia trifoliata seed germination rate in the prior art;

the fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method, so as to relieve the technical problem that high-quality seedlings are difficult to produce in batches in the prior art.

The invention provides a germination box, which comprises:

the box body consists of a bottom wall and a side wall;

the ventilation unit is arranged in the box body and is used for ventilation and water seepage;

the ventilation unit includes:

the bottom ventilation and seepage hole is formed in the bottom wall of the box body, the ventilation pipeline is vertically arranged in the box body, and the bottom end of the ventilation pipeline is connected with the ventilation and seepage hole;

and the ventilation pipeline is provided with a pipeline ventilation and seepage hole.

Further, the side wall includes:

the movable wall is hinged with the fixed wall, or the movable wall is hinged with the bottom wall.

Furthermore, the side wall is provided with side wall ventilation and seepage holes.

Furthermore, the air duct is provided with a duct air-permeable and water-permeable hole.

The invention also provides application of the germination box in the germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds.

The invention also provides a method for carrying out akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box, which comprises the following steps:

step (a): laying a first germinating substrate on said bottom wall;

step (b): paving a first non-woven fabric on the first germination substrate;

step (c): sowing akebia trifoliata seeds on the first non-woven fabric to form a akebia trifoliata seed layer;

step (d): covering a second non-woven fabric on the seed layer of the akebia trifoliata;

a step (e): covering a second non-woven fabric with a second germination substrate;

thereby obtaining a sandwich structure of the germination substrate with double non-woven fabrics and the double non-woven fabrics with seeds.

Further, the germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sphagnum bovienii peat, 1-3 parts of perlite and 0.5-2 parts of garden ceramsite powder.

In addition, the invention also provides a akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method, which comprises the following steps:

classifying and planting mature fruits with color and shape as a primary classification standard to build an 8-12 generation selfing orchard, classifying and picking Akebia trifoliata fruits and separating seeds, and precipitating the separated seeds into a seed soaking agent after draining treatment to obtain seeds after seed soaking treatment; accelerating germination of the seed after seed soaking treatment by using the method for germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds to obtain seeds with exposed white sprouts; sowing the seeds with the white sprouts on a seedbed, and managing the seedbed until unearthed akebia trifoliata seedlings are obtained; after the akebia trifoliate seedling is strong, transplanting can be carried out according to needs, and the akebia trifoliate seedling propagation is finished.

Further, the picked akebia trifoliate fruits are placed at normal temperature for 15-20 days, and the after-ripening of akebia trifoliate seeds is completed.

Further, the seed soaking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-7 parts of gypsum powder, 3-7 parts of tea, 0.05-0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1-3 parts of bactericide and 70.9-84.95 parts of water.

Furthermore, the specification of the seeding bed is that the row spacing of the seedlings is 8cm × 10 cm.

The ventilation unit of the germination box provided by the invention is arranged in the box body and is communicated with the bottom wall, so that good ventilation and water seepage functions can be realized, and proper ventilation and humidity are provided for seed germination. The method for carrying out the akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box further improves the capacities of ventilating, shading, heat preservation and moisture preservation of the germination matrix, improves the germination rate of the seeds by 80-95% compared with a wet sand layering method by 5-10%, is simple and convenient to operate for sowing the seeds and taking out the seeds by using a sandwich structure, saves 15% of manpower compared with the wet sand layering method, and simultaneously reduces the loss rate of the seeds by 12%. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method provided by the invention is used for propagating seedlings by using seeds in fruits of a same-type multi-generation selfing orchard, and on the premise of ensuring relatively consistent descendant hereditary characters, the seedling propagation coefficient is large, the seedling supply capacity is strong, the seedling quality is high, the characters of descendant plants and fruits are relatively high, and the commodity of the fruits is good.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of a germination box provided in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a perspective view of a germination box according to example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a germination box and a laminated structure provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Icon: 1-a bottom wall; 2-bottom wall ventilation and seepage holes; 3-an air duct; 4-a fixed wall; 5-a movable wall; 6-side wall ventilation and seepage holes; 7-pipeline ventilation and seepage holes; 81-a first germination substrate; 82-a second germination medium; 91-a first nonwoven fabric; 92-a second nonwoven; 10-trilobate akebia stem seed layer; 11-mulching film; 12-greenhouse film; 13-a first rotating shaft; 14-a second axis of rotation; 15-third axis of rotation.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, as terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", etc. appear, their indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on those shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" as appearing herein are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The invention provides a germination box, comprising:

the box body consists of a bottom wall 1 and a side wall;

wherein, the ventilation unit includes:

the bottom ventilation and seepage hole 2 is arranged on the bottom wall 1, the ventilation pipeline 3 is vertically arranged in the box body, and the bottom end of the ventilation pipeline 3 is connected with the bottom ventilation and seepage hole 2;

the air duct 3 is also provided with a duct air-permeable and water-permeable hole 7.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the box body is made of plastic, and the thickness of the bottom wall 1 and the side wall thereof may be, for example, but not limited to, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm or 12 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the bottom wall 1 and the side walls is 10 mm.

The bottom wall ventilation and water seepage holes 2 are two rows of through holes uniformly arranged on the bottom wall 1, and the number of each row can be, but is not limited to, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12. Its diameter may be, for example, but not limited to, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm or 12 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the number of the bottom wall aeration and seepage holes 2 in each row is 10, and the diameter of each row is 10 mm.

The length of the vent pipe 3 is the same as the height of the side wall, and the diameter is the same as the diameter of the bottom vent seepage hole 2.

The pipeline ventilation and seepage holes 7 are uniformly distributed on the ventilation pipeline 3.

In the present invention, the side wall includes:

two fixed walls 4 arranged opposite to each other and two movable walls 5 arranged opposite to each other, the movable walls 5 being hinged to the fixed walls 4 or the movable walls 5 being hinged to the bottom wall 1.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the fixed wall 4 may have a length × height of, for example, but not limited to, 2000mm × 200mm, the movable wall 5 may have a length × height of, for example, but not limited to, 2000mm × 200mm, and the bottom wall 1 may have a length × width of, for example, but not limited to, 2000mm × 1000 mm.

The movable wall 5 is hinged with the fixed wall 4 or the bottom wall 1, so that the germination condition of the seeds can be directly observed from the cross section under the condition that the matrix in the germination box is not turned over, the operation is more intuitive, the operation is convenient, and the germination environment of the seeds is prevented from being damaged.

A rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the fixed wall 4 connected with the movable wall 5, and the movable wall 5 is provided with a shaft sleeve which can be sleeved on the rotating shaft; alternatively, a hinge is provided on the side of the fixed wall 4 that is connected to the movable wall 5, and the movable wall 5 is connected to the swing portion of the hinge.

A rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the bottom wall 1 connected with the movable wall 5, and the movable wall 5 is provided with a shaft sleeve which can be sleeved on the rotating shaft; alternatively, a hinge is provided on the side of the bottom wall 1 that is connected to the movable wall 5, and the movable wall 5 is connected to the swing portion of the hinge.

In addition, the movable wall 5 of the present invention may be divided into a plurality of movable portions, for example, but not limited to, two, three, or four movable portions. Taking three as an example, the movable wall 5 is divided into a first movable part, a second movable part and a third movable part which are respectively hinged with the fixed wall 4 or the bottom wall 1. The manner of the hinge joint may be, for example: a rotating shaft and shaft sleeves which can be sleeved on the rotating shaft are respectively arranged on one side of the fixed wall 4, which is connected with the movable wall 5, and the first movable part, the second movable part and the third movable part; or, a third rotating shaft 15 is arranged on one side of the bottom wall 1, which is connected with the movable wall 5, and a first rotating shaft 13 and a second rotating shaft 14 which are parallel to each other are further arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, two ends of the first rotating shaft 13 and two ends of the second rotating shaft 14 are respectively connected with the two fixed walls 4 which are oppositely arranged, and shaft sleeves which can be sleeved on the first rotating shaft 13, the second rotating shaft 14 and the third rotating shaft 15 are respectively arranged on the first movable part, the second movable part and the third movable part. The movable wall 5 is divided into a first movable part, a second movable part and a third movable part which are respectively hinged with the fixed wall 4 or the bottom wall 1, so that the germination condition of the seeds at the corresponding positions can be directly observed from the section of the position needing to be observed under the condition that the matrix in the germination box is not turned over, the operation is more intuitive, and the germination environment of the seeds is prevented from being damaged.

In the invention, the side wall is provided with side wall ventilation and seepage holes 6.

Wherein, the side wall ventilation and seepage holes 6 are evenly distributed on the side wall, the distance between each side wall ventilation and seepage hole 6 can be, but is not limited to 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm or 60mm, and the diameter of the side wall ventilation and seepage hole 6 can be, but is not limited to 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or 7 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the distance between each side wall aeration and seepage hole 6 is 50mm, and the diameter of each side wall aeration and seepage hole 6 is 5 mm.

The ventilation unit of the germination box provided by the invention is arranged in the box body and is communicated with the bottom wall 1, so that good ventilation and water seepage functions can be realized, and proper ventilation and humidity are provided for seed germination.

In addition, the invention also provides application of the germination box in the germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds.

In addition, the invention also provides a method for carrying out akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box, which comprises the following steps:

step (a): laying a first germination substrate 81 on the bottom wall 1;

step (b): laying a first non-woven fabric 91 on the first germination substrate 81;

step (c): sowing akebia trifoliata seeds on the first non-woven fabric 91 to form a akebia trifoliata seed layer 10;

step (d): covering a second non-woven fabric 92 on the akebia trifoliata seed layer 10;

a step (e): covering the second non-woven fabric 92 with a second germination substrate 82;

Wherein the germination matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: the sphagnum eupatorium peat can be, but is not limited to, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, the perlite can be, but is not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts or 3 parts, and the garden ceramsite powder can be, but is not limited to, 0.5 part, 1 part or 2 parts. In a preferred embodiment, sphagnum frutescens peat is 7 parts, perlite is 2 parts, and garden ceramsite powder is 1 part.

The germination substrate provided by the invention has the advantages of balanced fertility, ventilation and water drainage, and water retention and moisture retention.

When the akebia trifoliate seed is subjected to germination treatment, the germination matrix is sprayed with water and uniformly mixed until the water content of the matrix is 80%, the matrix is kneaded into a mass by hand, and the mass is immediately scattered after falling to the ground.

The thickness of the laid germination substrate may be, for example, but not limited to, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm or 60 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the laid germinating matrix is 50 mm.

In the present invention, several of the above-mentioned sandwich structures may be placed inside the germination box to form a laminated structure, wherein the number of the sandwich structures may be, for example, but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Meanwhile, the number of the movable parts on the movable wall 5 is selected according to the number of the sandwich structures, one movable part corresponds to one sandwich structure, the germination condition of the seeds at the corresponding positions can be directly observed from the section of the sandwich structure to be observed, the observation is more visual, the operation is convenient, and the damage to the germination environment of the seeds is avoided. In a preferred embodiment, the number of sandwich structures is 3 and the thickness of the laid germinating substrate is 50 mm. About 1.5-2.5kg of akebia trifoliata seeds paved in the three sandwich structures, about 30000 granules.

The method for carrying out the akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box further improves the capacities of ventilating, shading, heat preservation and moisture preservation of the germination matrix, improves the germination rate of the seeds by 80-95% compared with a wet sand layering method by 5-10%, is simple and convenient in operation of sowing and seed taking of the sandwich structure, saves 15% of manpower compared with the wet sand layering method, and simultaneously reduces the seed loss rate by 12%.

Under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse environment is less than 15 ℃, a layer of mulching film 11 is covered on the uppermost layer of the germination substrate in the germination box, and a shed film 12 is additionally covered on the mulching film 11 when the temperature is still low.

and classifying and planting by taking the color and the shape of the mature fruit as a primary classification standard to build an 8-12 generation selfing orchard.

1. Seed collection

1.1 determining the acquisition time: determining the fruit picking time according to the mature characteristics of the akebia trifoliata fruits from late August to early October, wherein the mature akebia trifoliata fruits are characterized in that: the peel color turns dark from green (or light brown) to purplish red or dark brown when young, and naturally cracks along the longitudinal dorsal and ventral lines to expose the melon flesh with seeds therein.

1.2 picking fruits: picking the fruits according to the colors (mauve and dark brown) of the peels and the shapes (long waist shape and bent waist shape) of the fruits, and spreading the fruits in an open environment of natural sun-shading and ventilation drying for 15-20 days to ensure that the fruits of akebia trifoliata successfully complete the after-ripening effect.

Classifying and planting the mature akebia trifoliata fruits by using the color and the shape of the mature akebia trifoliata fruits as a primary classification standard to build 8-12-generation selfing orchards, and picking the fruits to obtain seeds for seed germination and seedling raising. Under the background that no new high-quality and high-yield variety of akebia trifoliata is bred at present, an effective way and a method are provided for solving the contradiction between the genetic stability of akebia trifoliata and the mass production and supply of high-quality seedlings in production practice. The method ensures that the genetic characters of the offspring are relatively stable, not only has large seedling propagation coefficient and strong seedling supply capability, but also has high seedling quality, higher consistency of the characters of the offspring plants and the fruits, and good commodity of the fruits.

1.3 seed separation: when the pulp at the longitudinal back line of the fruit shows wilting water loss and the volume is reduced, the pulp with the seeds is pulled out from the peel, the pulp is put into a nylon mesh bag, the nylon mesh bag is repeatedly kneaded by hands and washed by clear water to separate the seeds from the pulp.

1.4 seed draining: spreading the separated seeds in the nylon mesh bag, removing impurities, shrunken seeds, damaged seeds and mildewed seeds, hanging for 1-3 days, and naturally draining water on the surfaces of the seeds.

2. Seed treatment

2.1 seed soaking agent preparation: the seed soaking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: the plant ash can be, but is not limited to, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts or 12 parts, the gypsum powder can be, but is not limited to, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or 7 parts, the tea can be, but is not limited to, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts or 7 parts, the Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) can be, but is not limited to, 0.05 parts, 0.075 parts or 0.1 parts, the bactericide can be Hauda bacterial species I, the part of which can be, but is not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts or 3 parts, and the water can be, but is not limited to, 70.9 parts, 77.925 parts, 82 parts or 84.95 parts. Adjusting pH to 5.5-6.5. In a preferred embodiment, the seed soaking agent comprises the following components of 10 parts by weight of plant ash, 5 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 5 parts by weight of tea leaves, 0.075 part by weight of NAA, 2 parts by weight of first Lodaoyuan strain and 77.925 parts by weight of water.

2.2 seed soaking: and (3) immersing the seeds in the labeled nylon mesh bag into a seed soaking agent at 15-25 ℃ for 12-24 hours, washing with clear water, and hanging for 1-2 days.

Wherein, the temperature of the seed soaking agent can be, but is not limited to, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ or 25 ℃; seed soaking time may be, for example, but is not limited to, 12 hours, 18 hours, or 24 hours; the hanging time may be, for example, but is not limited to, 1 day or 2 days.

In the invention, 10 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of gypsum powder, 5 parts of tea, 0.75 part of NAA, 2 parts of bactericide and 77.925 parts of water (PH: 5.5-6.5) are used as seed soaking agents, seeds are soaked for 12-24 hours at 15-25 ℃, the barrier dormancy effect of akebia trifoliata seed coats on seed germination is partially removed, seed germination is started in advance, bacterial infection is reduced, the occurrence of seed rot is avoided, the seed germination rate is 81-93%, and is improved by 14-21% compared with untreated seeds.

2.3 preparation of the above germination substrate

2.4 Germination box selection.

2.5 laying of germination substrate and seeds: and laying the substrate, the non-woven fabric and the seeds according to three sandwich structures.

2.6 germination accelerating management: placing the germination box in greenhouse environment at 15-25 deg.C in autumn and winter, and shading to keep water content of the matrix. Watering was done when the matrix appeared dry and whitish (on average once a week) and watered until no water spilled under the germination box. Under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse environment is less than 15 ℃, a layer of mulching film 11 is covered on the surface of the germination substrate on the uppermost layer of the germination box, and a shed film 12 is additionally covered on the mulching film 11 when the temperature is still low.

2.7 dynamic observations: accelerating germination for 20-28 days, and after 20 days, opening the movable wall 5 regularly, sampling and investigating the white exposure of the seeds after germination every 2 days. When the germination white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent (the radicles of a small part of the seeds are obviously extracted from the seed coats), the movable wall 5 is opened, the second germination matrix 82 on the second non-woven fabric 92 is moved away, the germinated white seeds are taken down from the first non-woven fabric 91 for seedbed sowing, and the non-germinated white seeds are continuously accelerated to germinate.

3. Seedbed arrangement

3.1 seedbed land selection: the sandy loam which is ventilated and exposed to the sun, flat in land, convenient to irrigate and drain and has moderate fertility is selected as the seedbed.

3.2 soil preparation and fertilization: ploughing soil 20-30cm, adding fine river sand 1000kg/667m²250kg/667m of rice hull charcoal (rice chaff ash)²50kg/667m of compound fertilizer²After fully and uniformly mixed, the mixture is crushed and raked.

Adding 1000kg/667m of fine river sand into the sand soil of the seedbed²250kg/667m of rice hull charcoal (rice chaff ash)²50kg/667m of compound fertilizer²The soil environment with balanced fertility, looseness, ventilation and water drainage is created, and meanwhile, the heat preservation and water retention functions are realized, so that the germination of seeds, radicle hypochondrium and seedling emergence from the top soil of cotyledon are facilitated; the measures of covering the seedbed mulching film and the seedbed shed film play roles in preserving heat, improving and preserving soil moisture and promoting the germination and seedling emergence of seeds. The emergence rate is 81-89%, which is 10-15% higher than that of the seed bed.

3.3 ditching and boxing: the ditch is used as a box along the direction of the field block where the seedbed is positioned, the width of the box is 100 plus one year and 120cm, the width of the ditch is 30-40cm, and the depth of the ditch is 10-15 cm.

3.4 soil disinfection: disinfecting soil by formalin disinfection, uniformly spraying 10kg of water into 50ml of formalin per square meter of seedbed soil, covering with plastic film, removing the covering film in 7-10 days (at least 3 sunny days) to allow gas to be emitted, and sowing after 2 days.

3.5, covering a film to preserve soil moisture: if the time for sowing does not come, the disinfected seedbed can not be exposed to the sun and rain, and the film is continuously coated to preserve the soil moisture (the disinfection and film uncovering can be delayed, but the sowing can be carried out after the film uncovering for 2 days), which is favorable for the growth and development of seeds and seedlings during the seedbed and the seedling strengthening and seedling aligning.

4. Seeding

4.1 sowing time: after the seed germination is completed, the seedbed sowing can be carried out, and the sowing can be carried out on sunny days or cloudy days. In the first 10 th to the middle 11 th of the month, the akebia trifoliata seed seedling growing and sowing period is suitable for Wuling mountain areas in China, and sowing is carried out on sunny days or cloudy days.

4.2 sowing mode: and (4) performing hole sowing row by row, wherein 1-3 seeds are sowed in each hole.

4.3 sowing specification, plant row spacing is 8cm × 10cm, each box has 10-12 rows, 5-8 ten thousand plants/667 m²。

The seedbed adopts a thin sowing mode (the sowing specification of the row spacing of 8cm × 10 cm), the requirement of the akebia trifoliata dunn seedlings for growth space is met for 1-2 years, annual or biennial seedlings can be provided according to different orchard construction targets and transplanting seasons, the seedbed cultivation period is properly prolonged to two years, the requirement of different plantations on the seedlings is met, and the utilization rate of the seedbed is improved by 50% compared with that of the seedbed in the local dense planting mode (the sowing specification of the row spacing of 5cm × 5cm, the seedbed period is one year).

4.4 hilling and shallow covering: and covering one row after sowing, digging the next row at the same time, and covering the hilled shallow layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm.

4.5 watering and seed reduction: after each box is sowed and hilled, proper amount of water is added to the surface layer of the box surface soil, so that hilling and seeds are settled and compacted to ensure that the seeds are not suspended and hilled and not shelled.

4.6 film coating and heat preservation: after watering is finished for 1-2 hours, when obvious watering traces cannot be seen on the soil on the box surface of the seedbed due to soil infiltration absorption and natural evaporation, a seedbed mulching film is covered on the box surface, the periphery of the seedbed mulching film is compacted by soil to prevent the seedbed mulching film from being blown away, and the effects of preserving heat, improving and preserving soil moisture, and promoting seed germination and seedling emergence are achieved.

5. Seedbed management

5.1, heat preservation: adding a seedbed shed film on the seedbed mulching film at a low temperature (the air temperature is less than 5 ℃), uncovering the seedbed mulching film at a high temperature (the shed temperature is more than 35 ℃), and maintaining the seedbed soil temperature within a range of 15-28 ℃ to ensure the normal germination of seeds.

5.2, water retention: in long-term rain, particularly in heavy rain, the box ditch needs to be dredged in time for drainage, so that the soil on the box surface is not accumulated; the seedbed is watered at 9-10 am in sunny days, especially in strong illumination and drought days, so that the soil on the surface of the box is not lack of water, and the seeds and seedlings are not dehydrated to maintain normal growth and development.

5.3 weeding: when the film is covered, the film is uncovered and the watering is carried out, the weed occurrence condition of the seedbed is observed, the weeds are pulled out manually in time, the shading of the weeds to the seedlings and the competition to the fertilizer are reduced, and the neatness of the seedbed is kept.

5.4 topdressing: because the bed soil base fertilizer is sufficient, the bed does not need to be fertilized in the earlier stage. Thinning, squating and root promoting management are carried out in time according to the growth vigor of the seedlings, and seedling raising fertilizer and seedling strengthening and root strengthening fertilizer are applied in a proper growth period. The strong seedling rate is 66-83%, which is 16-20% higher than that of the native seedbed.

5.5 management and protection of seedlings: removing mulch film of seedling bed when seedling grows to 5-8 leaves, removing shed film of seedling bed, thinning, removing diseased seedling, weak seedling and insect damage seedling to make density of seedling bed be maintained at 5-8 ten thousand plants/667 m²Transplanting the well-grown seedlings into a prepared empty seedbed, topdressing and improving the seedbed, wherein the application amount of the urea solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 percent is 30-50kg/667m². The seedbed is kept moderately dry for 7-10 days from the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months so as to achieve the effect of promoting the roots of the squat seedlings; when the seedling grows to 10-15 leaves, cutting off the main root of the seedling root system by beveling the seedling from two sides to the middle of the seedling bed row at an angle of 45 degrees by using a shovel to promote the lateral root to germinate and grow, dressing a seedling and root strengthening fertilizer on the seedling bed, and applying 15-20kg/667m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the application amount of 0.2-0.3 percent²To promote the growth of strong seedlings and roots. After 9 months, the fertilization is stopped, the strong seedlings are properly trimmed, the redundant branches are cut off, and 1 branch is reserved for each plantMain stem and 2 branches.

6. Transplanting the seedlings

6.1 annual seedling: after the strong seedling stage, the seedlings can be lifted and transplanted at any time within 10-12 months.

6.2 biennial seedlings: then the seedlings are timely lifted and transplanted after the seedbed is cultivated for one year (the third year).

In order to facilitate a clearer understanding of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to examples.

Example 1

And (5) performing classified planting (dark brown waist-bending type) by taking the color and the shape of the mature fruit as a primary classification standard to build a 10-generation selfing orchard. In late August, the mature Akebia trifoliata fruits with the peel becoming dark, changing from light brown to dark brown when young and tender, and naturally cracking along the longitudinal dorsal and ventral lines to expose the melon pulp with seeds therein are picked. Spreading the fruits in an open environment of natural sun-shading and ventilation drying for 17 days to ensure that the fruits of akebia trifoliata successfully complete the after-ripening effect.

When the pulp at the longitudinal back line of the fruit shows wilting water loss and the volume is reduced, the pulp with the seeds is pulled out from the peel, the pulp is put into a nylon mesh bag, the nylon mesh bag is repeatedly kneaded by hands and washed by clear water to separate the seeds from the pulp. Spreading the separated seeds in the nylon mesh bag, removing impurities, shrunken seeds, damaged seeds and mildewed seeds in the nylon mesh bag, hanging for 2 days, and naturally draining water on the surfaces of the seeds.

The seed soaking agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of gypsum powder, 5 parts of tea, 0.075 part of naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 2 parts of Lvduan strain I and 77.925 parts of water. The pH was adjusted to 6.

And (3) immersing the seeds in the nylon mesh bag with the label in a seed soaking agent at the temperature of 20 ℃ for soaking the seeds for 18 hours, washing with clear water, and hanging for 1 day.

Preparing a bud matrix from the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of sphagnum bovienii peat, 2 parts of perlite and 1 part of garden ceramsite powder. Spraying water on the germination substrate, and mixing until the water content of the substrate is 80%, and kneading into a mass by hand, and falling to the ground to disperse.

A germination box is selected, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the fixed wall 4 of the selected germination box is 2000mm × 200mm long × mm high, the movable wall 5 is 2000mm × 200mm long × mm high, the bottom wall 1 is 2000mm × 1000mm long × mm wide, and the thickness of each wall is 10mm, thereby forming a box body, the bottom wall ventilation and seepage holes 2 are two rows of through holes uniformly arranged on the bottom wall 1, the number of each row of the bottom wall ventilation and seepage holes 2 is 10, the diameter is 10mm, the ventilation pipeline 3 is vertically arranged in the box body, the length is 200mm, the diameter is 10mm, the pipeline ventilation and seepage holes 7 are uniformly distributed on the ventilation pipeline 3, the side where the bottom wall 1 is connected with the movable wall 5 is provided with a third rotating shaft sleeve 15, a first rotating shaft 13 and a second rotating shaft 14 which are mutually parallel are also equidistantly arranged in the horizontal direction, two ends of the first rotating shaft 13 and the second rotating shaft 14 are respectively connected with two fixed walls 4 which are oppositely arranged, the first rotating shaft sleeve is provided with the second rotating shaft sleeve, the first rotating shaft 13 and the second rotating shaft 14 is sleeved with the ventilation and the ventilation holes 6mm, the diameter of each side wall is 50mm, the ventilation holes are uniformly distributed on the side wall 6 mm.

The seed placement was carried out as follows:

step (a): laying a first germination substrate 81 on the bottom wall 1;

As shown in fig. 3, 3 of the above-mentioned sandwich structures were laid in the germination box provided in this example, and the thickness of the laid germination substrate was 50 mm. About 1.5-2.5kg of akebia trifoliata seeds paved in the three sandwich structures, about 30000 granules.

The germination box is placed in a greenhouse environment at 20 ℃ in autumn and winter, and the substrate is appropriately shaded to keep the moisture content of the substrate. Watering was done when the matrix appeared dry and whitish (on average once a week) and watered until no water spilled under the germination box. Under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse environment is less than 15 ℃, a layer of mulching film 11 is covered on the surface of the germination substrate on the uppermost layer of the germination box, and a shed film 12 is additionally covered on the mulching film 11 when the temperature is still low.

Accelerating germination for 24 days, and after 20 days, opening the movable wall 5 regularly once every 2 days, and sampling to investigate the white exposure of the seeds. When the germination white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent (the radicles of a small part of the seeds are obviously extracted from the seed coats), the movable wall 5 is opened, the second germination matrix 82 on the second non-woven fabric 92 is moved away, the germinated white seeds are taken down from the first non-woven fabric 91 for seedbed sowing, and the non-germinated white seeds are continuously accelerated to germinate.

The sandy loam which is ventilated and exposed to the sun, flat in land, convenient to irrigate and drain and has moderate fertility is selected as the seedbed.

Ploughing soil 25cm, adding fine river sand 1000kg/667m²250kg/667m of rice hull charcoal (rice chaff ash)²50kg/667m of compound fertilizer²After fully and uniformly mixed, the mixture is crushed and raked.

And (3) making a trench as a box along the direction of the field block where the seedbed is located, wherein the width of the box is 110cm, the width of the trench is 35cm, and the depth of the trench is 12 cm.

Disinfecting soil by formalin disinfection, uniformly spraying 10kg of water into 50m L formalin per square meter of seedbed soil, covering with plastic film, removing the covering film in 8 days (at least 3 sunny days) to allow gas to diffuse, and sowing after 2 days.

And (3) seeding on a seedbed after the seed germination acceleration is finished, wherein the seeding time of the akebia trifoliata seeds suitable for Wuling mountain areas in China is in the last 10 th ten days, and the akebia trifoliata seeds are sown in sunny days.

Bunch planting line by line, each bunch planting 2 seeds, plant row spacing 8cm × 10cm, each box 11 rows, 6 ten thousand plants/667 m². And covering one row after sowing, digging the next row at the same time, and covering the hilled shallow layer with the thickness of 2 cm. After each box is sowed and hilled, proper amount of water is added to the surface of soil in the box surface to make the hilled soil and seeds settle and compactThe seeds are not suspended in the air and are prevented from rising in the soil. 1.5 hours after watering, because of soil infiltration absorption and natural evaporation, when no obvious watering trace can be seen on the surface soil of the seedbed box, covering a seedbed mulching film on the box surface, compacting the periphery of the seedbed mulching film with soil to prevent the seedbed mulching film from being blown away, and playing the roles of preserving heat, improving and preserving soil moisture, and promoting seed germination and seedling emergence.

Adding a seedbed shed film on the seedbed mulching film at a low temperature (the air temperature is less than 5 ℃), uncovering the seedbed mulching film at a high temperature (the shed temperature is more than 35 ℃), and maintaining the seedbed soil temperature within a range of 15-28 ℃ to ensure the normal germination of seeds.

In long-term rain, particularly in heavy rain, the box ditch needs to be dredged in time for drainage, so that the soil on the box surface is not accumulated; the seedbed is watered at 9-10 am in sunny days, especially in strong illumination and drought days, so that the soil on the surface of the box is not lack of water, and the seeds and seedlings are not dehydrated to maintain normal growth and development. When the film is covered, the film is uncovered and the watering is carried out, the weed occurrence condition of the seedbed is observed, the weeds are pulled out manually in time, the shading of the weeds to the seedlings and the competition to the fertilizer are reduced, and the neatness of the seedbed is kept.

Because the bed soil base fertilizer is sufficient, the bed does not need to be fertilized in the earlier stage. Thinning, squating and root promoting management are carried out in time according to the growth vigor of the seedlings, and seedling raising fertilizer and seedling strengthening and root strengthening fertilizer are applied in a proper growth period.

Removing mulching film of seedling bed when seedling grows to 6 leaves, removing shed film of seedling bed, thinning, and removing disease seedling, weak seedling and insect damage seedling to maintain the density of seedling bed at 6 ten thousand plants/667 m²Transplanting the well-grown seedlings into a prepared empty seedbed, and applying additional fertilizer to the seedlings, wherein the application amount of the urea solution is 0.3 percent and 40kg/667m². In the middle ten days of 6 months, the seedbed is kept moderately dry for 8 days to achieve the effect of promoting the roots of the squat seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 12 leaves, cutting off the main roots of the seedling roots by beveling the seedlings from two sides to the middle of the row of the seedbed at an angle of 45 degrees by using a shovel to promote the lateral roots to germinate and grow, and simultaneously dressing strong seedlings and root-strengthening fertilizers, wherein the application amount of 17kg/667m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 0.25 percent²To promote the growth of strong seedlings and roots. After 9 months, the fertilization is stopped, strong seedlings are properly trimmed, redundant branches are cut off, and 1 main stem and 2 branches are reserved for each plant.

Annual seedling: after the strong seedling stage, the seedlings can be lifted and transplanted in 11 months.

Example 2

And (4) performing classified planting (purple red bowing type) by taking the color and the shape of the mature fruit as a primary classification standard to build an 8-generation selfing orchard. In the middle ten days of September, the color of the picked fruit peel is dark, the green color is changed into mauve when the fruit peel is tender, the fruit peel naturally cracks along the longitudinal dorsal and ventral lines, and the mature Akebia trifoliata fruits with seeds in the fruit peel are exposed. Spreading the fruits in an open environment of natural sun-shading and ventilation drying for 15 days to ensure that the fruits of akebia trifoliata successfully complete the after-ripening effect.

When the pulp at the longitudinal back line of the fruit shows wilting water loss and the volume is reduced, the pulp with the seeds is pulled out from the peel, the pulp is put into a nylon mesh bag, the nylon mesh bag is repeatedly kneaded by hands and washed by clear water to separate the seeds from the pulp. Spreading the separated seeds in the nylon mesh bag, removing impurities, shrunken seeds, damaged seeds and mildewed seeds in the nylon mesh bag, hanging for 1 day, and naturally draining water on the surfaces of the seeds.

The seed soaking agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of gypsum powder, 3 parts of tea, 0.05 part of naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 1 part of Lvduan strain I and 70.9 parts of water. The pH was adjusted to 5.5.

And (3) immersing the seeds in the nylon mesh bag with the label in a seed soaking agent at 15 ℃ for 12 hours, washing with clear water, and hanging for 1 day.

Preparing a bud matrix from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of sphagnum bovienii peat, 1 part of perlite and 0.5 part of garden ceramsite powder. Spraying water on the germination substrate, and mixing until the water content of the substrate is 80%, and kneading into a mass by hand, and falling to the ground to disperse.

The germination box provided in example 1 of the present invention was selected and the seed placement was performed according to the procedure provided in example 1 of the present invention:

in the germination box provided in this example, 1 of the above-described sandwich structures was laid, and the thickness of the laid germination matrix was 40 mm. About 1.5-2.5kg of akebia trifoliata seeds paved in the three sandwich structures, about 30000 granules.

The germination box is placed in a greenhouse environment at 15 ℃ in autumn and winter, and the substrate is appropriately shaded to keep the moisture content of the substrate. Watering was done when the matrix appeared dry and whitish (on average once a week) and watered until no water spilled under the germination box. Under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse environment is less than 15 ℃, a layer of mulching film 11 is covered on the surface of the germination substrate on the uppermost layer of the germination box, and a shed film 12 is additionally covered on the mulching film 11 when the temperature is still low.

Accelerating germination for 20 days, and after 20 days, opening the movable wall 5 regularly once every 2 days, and sampling to investigate the white exposure of the seeds. When the germination white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent (the radicles of a small part of the seeds are obviously extracted from the seed coats), the movable wall 5 is opened, the second germination matrix 82 on the second non-woven fabric 92 is moved away, the germinated white seeds are taken down from the first non-woven fabric 91 for seedbed sowing, and the non-germinated white seeds are continuously accelerated to germinate.

Ploughing soil 20cm, adding fine river sand 1000kg/667m²250kg/667m of rice hull charcoal (rice chaff ash)²50kg/667m of compound fertilizer²After fully and uniformly mixed, the mixture is crushed and raked.

And (3) making a trench as a box along the direction of the field block where the seedbed is located, wherein the width of the box is 100cm, the width of the trench is 30cm, and the depth of the trench is 10 cm.

Disinfecting soil by formalin disinfection, uniformly spraying 10kg of water into 50m L formalin per square meter of seedbed soil, covering with plastic film, removing the covering film in 7 days (at least 3 sunny days) to allow gas to diffuse, and sowing after 2 days.

And (3) seeding on a seedbed after the seed germination acceleration is finished, wherein the seeding time in the last 10 th ten days is the proper akebia trifoliata seed seedling-raising seeding time in Wuling mountain areas in China, and seeding is performed in sunny days.

Bunch planting line by line, 1 seed per bunch planting, 8cm plant row spacing, × 10cm, 10 rows per box, 5 ten thousand plants/667 m². And covering one row after sowing, digging the next row at the same time, and covering the hilled shallow layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm. After each box is sowed and hilled, proper amount of water is added to the surface layer of soil on the box surface to make hilling and hillingThe seeds are settled and filled to ensure that the seeds are not suspended and hilled and not shelled. When obvious watering traces cannot be seen on the surface soil of the seedbed box in 1 hour after watering is finished due to soil infiltration absorption and natural evaporation, a seedbed mulching film is covered on the surface of the box, the periphery of the seedbed mulching film is compacted by soil to prevent the seedbed mulching film from being blown away, and the effects of preserving heat, improving and preserving soil moisture, and promoting seed germination and seedling emergence are achieved.

Removing mulch film of seedling bed when seedling grows to 5 leaves, removing shed film of seedling bed, thinning, and removing disease seedling, weak seedling and insect damage seedling to make density of seedling bed be maintained at 5 ten thousand plants/667 m²Transplanting the well-grown seedlings into a prepared empty seedbed, and applying additional fertilizer to the seedlings, wherein the application amount of the urea solution is 0.3 percent and is 30kg/667m². Keeping the seedbed moderately dry for 7 days in late ten days of 6 months to achieve the effect of promoting the roots of the squat seedlings; when the seedling grows to 10 leaves, cutting off the main root of the seedling root system by a spade from two sides to the middle between the seedling bed lines at an angle of 45 degrees to promote the lateral root to germinate and grow, and simultaneously dressing strong seedling and root fertilizer with the application amount of 0.25 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 15kg/667m²To promote the growth of strong seedlings and roots. After 9 months, the fertilization is stopped, the strong seedlings are properly trimmed, the redundant branches are cut off, and each plant is reserved1 main stem and 2 branches.

Annual seedling: after a strong seedling stage, the seedlings can be lifted and transplanted in 10 months

Example 3

And (4) performing classified planting (purple red long waist type) by taking the color and the shape of the mature fruit as a primary classification standard to build a 12-generation selfing orchard. In the first ten days of October, the picked fruit skin turns dark, changes from green to purple when young and tender, naturally cracks along the longitudinal dorsal and ventral lines, and exposes the mature Akebia trifoliata fruits with the pulp of seeds. Spreading the fruits in an open environment of natural sun-shading and ventilation drying for 20 days to ensure that the fruits of akebia trifoliata successfully complete the after-ripening effect.

When the pulp at the longitudinal back line of the fruit shows wilting water loss and the volume is reduced, the pulp with the seeds is pulled out from the peel, the pulp is put into a nylon mesh bag, the nylon mesh bag is repeatedly kneaded by hands and washed by clear water to separate the seeds from the pulp. Spreading the separated seeds in the nylon mesh bag, removing impurities, shrunken seeds, damaged seeds and mildewed seeds in the nylon mesh bag, hanging for 3 days, and naturally draining water on the surfaces of the seeds.

The seed soaking agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of gypsum powder, 7 parts of tea, 0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 3 parts of Lvduan strain I and 84.95 parts of water. The pH was adjusted to 6.5.

And (3) immersing the seeds in the labeled nylon mesh bag into a seed soaking agent at 25 ℃ for soaking the seeds for 24 hours, washing with clear water, and hanging for 2 days.

Preparing a bud matrix from the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of sphagnum bovienii peat, 3 parts of perlite and 1 part of garden ceramsite powder. Spraying water on the germination substrate, and mixing until the water content of the substrate is 80%, and kneading into a mass by hand, and falling to the ground to disperse.

in the germination box provided in this example, 1 of the above-described sandwich structures was laid, and the thickness of the laid germination matrix was 60 mm. About 1.5-2.5kg of akebia trifoliata seeds paved in the three sandwich structures, about 30000 granules.

The germination box is placed in a greenhouse environment at 25 ℃ in autumn and winter, and the substrate is appropriately shaded to keep the moisture content of the substrate. Watering was done when the matrix appeared dry and whitish (on average once a week) and watered until no water spilled under the germination box. Under the condition that the temperature of the greenhouse environment is less than 15 ℃, a layer of mulching film 11 is covered on the surface of the germination substrate on the uppermost layer of the germination box, and a shed film 12 is additionally covered on the mulching film 11 when the temperature is still low.

Accelerating germination for 28 days, and after 20 days, opening the movable wall 5 regularly once every 2 days, and sampling to investigate the white exposure of the seeds. When the germination white exposure rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent (the radicles of a small part of the seeds are obviously extracted from the seed coats), the movable wall 5 is opened, the second germination matrix 82 on the second non-woven fabric 92 is moved away, the germinated white seeds are taken down from the first non-woven fabric 91 for seedbed sowing, and the non-germinated white seeds are continuously accelerated to germinate.

Ploughing soil 30cm, adding fine river sand 1000kg/667m²250kg/667m of rice hull charcoal (rice chaff ash)²50kg/667m of compound fertilizer²After fully and uniformly mixed, the mixture is crushed and raked.

And (3) making a trench as a box along the direction of the field block where the seedbed is located, wherein the width of the box is 120cm, the width of the trench is 40cm, and the depth of the trench is 15 cm.

Disinfecting soil by formalin disinfection, uniformly spraying 10kg of water into 50m L formalin per square meter of seedbed soil, covering with plastic film, removing the covering film in 10 days (at least 3 sunny days) to allow gas to diffuse, and sowing after 2 days.

And (3) seeding on a seedbed after the seed germination acceleration is finished, wherein the seeding time in the middle of 11 months is the proper akebia trifoliata seed seedling-raising and seeding time in Wuling mountain areas in China, and seeding is performed in sunny days.

Bunch planting line by line, 3 seeds are sowed in each bunch, the row spacing is 8cm × 10cm, each box has 12 rows, 8 ten thousand seeds/667 m². And covering one row after sowing, digging the next row at the same time, and covering the hilled shallow layer with the thickness of 2.5 cm. After each box is sowed and hilled, the surface layer of soil on the surface of the box is properWatering, and allowing hilling and seeds to settle and compact so as to ensure that the seeds are not suspended in the air and hilling and shelling are avoided. When obvious watering traces cannot be seen on the surface soil of the seedbed box after watering is finished for 2 hours due to soil infiltration absorption and natural evaporation, a seedbed mulching film is covered on the box surface, the periphery of the seedbed mulching film is compacted by soil to prevent the seedbed mulching film from being blown away, and the effects of preserving heat, improving and preserving soil moisture, and promoting seed germination and seedling emergence are achieved.

Removing mulching film of seedling bed when 8 leaves grow, removing shed film of seedling bed, thinning, and removing disease seedling, weak seedling, and insect damage seedling to maintain the density of seedling bed at 8 ten thousand plants/667 m²Transplanting the well-grown seedlings into a prepared empty seedbed, and applying additional fertilizer to the seedlings, wherein the application amount of the urea solution is 0.3 percent and the urea solution is 50kg/667m². In ten days in the middle of 6 months, keeping the seedbed moderately dry for 10 days to achieve the effect of promoting the roots of the squat seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 15 leaves, cutting off the main roots of the seedling roots by beveling the seedlings from two sides to the middle of the seedling bed row at an angle of 45 degrees by using a shovel to promote the lateral roots to germinate and grow, and simultaneously dressing strong seedlings and root-strengthening fertilizers, wherein the application amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 20kg/667m²To promote the growth of strong seedlings and roots. After 9 months, the fertilization is stopped, the strong seedlings are properly trimmed, and the redundant strong seedlings are cut offBranching, 1 main stem and 2 branches per plant were retained.

Biennial seedling: then the seedlings are timely lifted and transplanted after the seedbed is cultivated for one year (the third year).

Comparative example 1

The traditional method for raising seedlings by using akebia trifoliata seeds comprises the following steps:

the seed soaking agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: soaking the tea leaves 10 parts, plant ash 10 parts and water 80 parts for 24 hours, carrying out germination acceleration through wet sand stratification, and carrying out seedbed sowing after the akebia trifoliata seeds germinate and turn white.

In order to further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the indexes of the akebia trifoliata seeds provided in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 indices (%) of Akebia trifoliata Koidz seeds

Compared with the prior art, the akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the exposure rate, the germination rate, the emergence rate and the strong seedling rate are obviously increased in the seedbed utilization rate, and the loss rate is greatly reduced. In addition, the seeds of the traditional akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method gradually germinate after 26-35 days, the germination time is long, germination is accelerated by utilizing wet sand stratification, the operation is inconvenient, temperature and humidity control is difficult, and time and labor are consumed.

In conclusion, the germination box provided by the invention has good ventilation and water seepage functions and provides proper ventilation and humidity for seed germination. The method for carrying out the akebia trifoliata seed germination treatment by using the germination box further improves the capacities of ventilating, shading, heat preservation and moisture preservation of the germination matrix, improves the germination rate of the seeds by 80-95% compared with a wet sand layering method by 5-10%, is simple and convenient to operate for sowing the seeds and taking out the seeds by using a sandwich structure, saves 15% of manpower compared with the wet sand layering method, and simultaneously reduces the loss rate of the seeds by 12%. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method provided by the invention is used for propagating seedlings by using seeds in fruits of a same-type multi-generation selfing orchard, and on the premise of ensuring relatively consistent descendant hereditary characters, the seedling propagation coefficient is large, the seedling supply capacity is strong, the seedling quality is high, the characters of descendant plants and fruits are relatively high, and the commodity of the fruits is good.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds by using the following germination box is characterized in that the germination box comprises:

the box body consists of a bottom wall (1) and a side wall;

the ventilation unit includes:

the bottom ventilation and seepage hole (2) is formed in the bottom wall (1), the ventilation pipeline (3) is vertically arranged in the box body, and the bottom end of the ventilation pipeline (3) is connected with the bottom ventilation and seepage hole (2);

the air duct (3) is provided with a duct air-permeable and water-permeable hole (7);

the method for germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds comprises the following steps:

step (a): -laying a first germinating matrix (81) on said bottom wall (1);

step (b): laying a first non-woven cloth (91) on the first germinating substrate (81);

step (c): sowing akebia trifoliata seeds on the first non-woven fabric (91) to form a akebia trifoliata seed layer (10);

step (d): covering a second non-woven fabric (92) on the akebia trifoliata seed layer (10);

a step (e): covering the second non-woven fabric (92) with a second germination substrate (82);

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sidewall comprises:

two fixed walls (4) that set up relatively and two movable wall (5) that set up relatively, movable wall (5) with fixed wall (4) are articulated, perhaps movable wall (5) with diapire (1) are articulated.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall is provided with side wall aeration and seepage holes (6).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the germinating substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sphagnum bovienii peat, 1-3 parts of perlite and 0.5-2 parts of garden ceramsite powder.

5. A akebia trifoliate seedling propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

classifying and planting mature fruits with color and shape as a primary classification standard to build an 8-12 generation selfing orchard, classifying and picking Akebia trifoliata fruits and separating seeds, and precipitating the separated seeds into a seed soaking agent after draining treatment to obtain seeds after seed soaking treatment; accelerating germination of the seed after seed soaking treatment by using the method for germination treatment of akebia trifoliata seeds of any one of claims 1 to 4 to obtain seeds with exposed white buds; sowing the seeds with the white sprouts on a seedbed, and managing the seedbed until unearthed akebia trifoliata seedlings are obtained; after the akebia trifoliate seedling is strong, transplanting can be carried out according to needs, and the akebia trifoliate seedling propagation is finished.

6. The akebia trifoliate seedling propagation method according to claim 5, wherein the picked akebia trifoliate fruits are placed at normal temperature for 15-20 days to complete the after-ripening of akebia trifoliate seeds.

7. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method according to claim 6, wherein the seed soaking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of plant ash, 3-7 parts of gypsum powder, 3-7 parts of tea, 0.05-0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1-3 parts of bactericide and 70.9-84.95 parts of water.

8. The akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method according to claim 7, wherein the specification of the seeding in the seedbed is 8cm and × 10cm in row spacing.