CN107926500B - A kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling - Google Patents
A kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107926500B CN107926500B CN201711099504.3A CN201711099504A CN107926500B CN 107926500 B CN107926500 B CN 107926500B CN 201711099504 A CN201711099504 A CN 201711099504A CN 107926500 B CN107926500 B CN 107926500B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling, belong to technical field of economic crop cultivation.Technologies that the present invention stored using darkroom constant temperature high humidity, chemical combined regulation and vernalization are taken root etc., effectively break tsaoko seed dormancy, accelerate seed afterripening and sprouting, significantly improve percentage of seedgermination；Pass through the technologies such as the selection of high yield tsaoko cultivar maternal plant, accurate quantification sowing and secondary hardening cultivation, significantly improve tsaoko seedling quality and strain fruit yield, to which number of days needed for tsaoko percentage of seedgermination >=90.0% shortens 20 days compared with Traditional Method, the seedling seedbed nurturing period shortens 120 days, percentage of seedgermination is up to 91.3%, at rate up to 98.0% after kind transplantation of seedlings, the 3rd year single plant dry fruit increases production 50% or more after the transplanting of seedling hayashishita.Breeding method of the invention has many advantages, such as that seed sprouting is fast, the cultivation time is short, seedling quality is good, hayashishita transplanting survival rate and fruit yield are high, can promote the production application of tsaoko, wide market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of economic crop cultivation more particularly to a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling.
Background technique
Tsaoko (Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie) is that Zingiber Amomum perennial evergreen is grown thickly draft
Plant, the essential oil that tsaoko fruit extracts are widely used in medicine and perfume industry.Dry fruit can be used as Chinese medicine, eliminating dampness middle benefit gas, treatment
Abdominal distention, feeling of fullness vomiting, malaria fever and chills, the disease of pestilence fever have many Chinese patent drugs all to be unable to do without the formula of tsaoko, such as fragrant fruit
Digestion promotion tablet deep search wind ball, Yishen Pills, opens strongly fragrant Shugan Wan, wide chest benefit diaphragm ball, JIEBAI WAN etc..In addition to as parts of generic medicinal plants with
Outside, one of tsaoko or large edible condiment, amount be greater than survival dose, with people to health demand and science and technology into
Step, the purposes of tsaoko also will increasingly extensively.Past, people make wild tsaoko resource be on the verge of to go out the indiscriminate mining and serious waste of wild tsaoko
Absolutely, to meet needs, people have to develop artificial cultivation plantation.Currently, the tsaoko kind utilized in production still falls within half open country
Non-hibernating eggs state, under the premise of not selecting improved Varieties, requirement of each link of tsaoko growth to environmental condition is
Especially harsh, while various regions randomness in the seedling fosterings link such as seed collecting, sowing and nursery is strong, technology is lack of standardization, finally
Common manifestation, which goes out, sows the poor benefits phenomenons such as sowing quantity is big, and growing-seedling period is long, and seedling quality is poor, and single plant yield is low after transplanting, directly
Connect the production and application for influencing tsaoko.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the above problems, a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling is provided, this
Invention is first by filtering out the high tsaoko cultivar of yield potentiality；Seed is chemical combined before storing and broadcast by Fruit anatomy again
Regulation processing, promotes tsaoko true seed early growth and quick tiller；Finally by the two of accurate quantification sowing, rational close planting and sub-bed transplanting
Secondary reinforced cultivating technology shortens the seedling seedbed nurturing period, at rate and strain dry fruit yield after raising seedling quality, transplanting.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of cultivar maternal plant: first selecting the maternal plant resource of the excellent cultivar of high yield, selection
Judgment basis be on maternal plant fructescence fruit ear raw fruitlet shape close to round or oval type, maturity period pericarp
Azarin gives out strong acid after seed is broken；
(2) fruit ear picking is stored with after-ripening: in the tsaoko mature later period, being carried out on step (1) selected maternal plant
Fruit ear picking, select pericarp it is bright-coloured, without breakage and the fruit ear mildew and rot without morbidity, then manually completely win fruit ear, then will be whole
A fruit ear is attached in nylon net bag at once, is taken back interior and is placed on growth cabinet progress after-ripening storage；
(3) the chemical combined regulation of seed: carrying out fruitlet threshing for the fruit ear after step (2) after-ripening storage, what threshing was got off
Fruitlet removes outside rind and obtains seed, picks out the full conduct sowing seed of health again from seed, and seed is used repeatedly
Aseptic water washing 2-3 times is spread out on dry burlap slightly naturally dry；Then it is soaked seed with sulfuric acid solution, is taken out again after seed soaking
With sterile water repeated flushing 2-3 times；It is sufficiently soaked seed after slightly drying with gibberellic acid solution, will be planted with sterile water again after filtering out seed
2-3 rinsed clean of sub- repeated flushing dries in the air again to half-dried naturally, is subsequently installed in spare in nylon net bag；
(4) vernalization is taken root: by step (3), treated that seed is placed in 28 DEG C of warm water the 12h that sufficiently soaks seed, and taking-up drains the water
Point, then soak seed, 3 times repeatedly；A clean plastic barrel is taken out, the bottom of bucket pads layer 2-3 wet towel, is then placed in seed, plants
Sub- upper layer is covered tightly with layer 2-3 wet towel again；Whole bucket is put into progress vernalization in constant temperature and humidity artificial climate incubator to take root, is urged
The 0.5h that soaks seed is put into 28 DEG C of warm water every being for 24 hours slowly withdrawn seed from plastic barrel between sprouting stage, is drained away the water after seed soaking and is put again
It is back in bucket and continues vernalization, the upper and lower layer towel of bucket remains cleaning and moisten；When kind of root breaks through seed hole and grows to 1-
When 2mm, vernalization terminates to prepare sowing；
(5) prepared by female bed and sub-bed: tsaoko seedling bed is divided into female bed and sub-bed two parts；Select topography relatively flat, soil
Weeds, tree root, stone and other sundries on seedbed ground are removed as seedbed in the plot of the loose content of organic matter high humidity of earth；
By the loose 8-12cm of native table in seedbed, while applying well-rotted farmyard manure 0.8-1.2kg/m2, zinc sulfate 5-8 × 10-3kg/m2Make bottom
Fertilizer, soil block is smashed to rake is made into compartment；Ready-made compartment bed is divided into female bed and sub-bed, the area of female bed and sub-bed is 1:5, female bed
Shaded respectively with the black shading screen of different light transmittances with sub-bed top；
(6) accurate quantification is sowed: being selected sunny good day to be sowed in mid or late December, is drawn on female bed by line-spacing 5cm
Line trench digging, ditch depth 2cm, spacing in the rows 2cm carry out accurate quantification bunch planting, broadcast rear cover fine earth, compartment face of raking；Yunnan high mountain pine tree is used again
Needle is covered, and is sprinkled profoundly water at once after broadcasting, and 0-5cm soil layer remains moisture state later, to emerge；
(7) secondary hardening is cultivated: when female bed growth of seedling is fully deployed to the 2nd true leaf, carrying out sub-bed transplanting to it；
First female bed is sprinkled profoundly water before seedling replanting, seedling root band soil is then transplanted to sub-bed according to specification, to sub-bed after transplanting
It sprinkles profoundly water, then carries out surface soil Wheat straw mulching with pine needle；First time topdressing is carried out when the height of seedling in sub-bed reaches 15cm,
And it goes to cut weeds and weak, small, sick three classes seedling, guarantees being evenly supplied for liquid manure, with nurturing staff；When height of seedling reaches 25cm after
It is continuous to carry out second of top dressing；When height of seedling reaches 35cm can seedling, reach transplanting require, complete tsaoko seedling cultivation；?
In secondary hardening cultivating process, efficient germicide is selected to be watered 2000 times of liquid of dilution, another plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water mass ratio
It is primary every 10 days even spraying cauline leafs after mixing for the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1:1000, prevent the hair of Disease in Amomum Tsao-ko
It is raw.
Preferably, the maternal plant that the excellent cultivation of high yield is educated is strain age 3-5 after transplanting, ontogeny in step (1)
Well, growth is vigorous, result is more, no disease and pests harm, the plant having no mechanical damage；The fruitlet biological property is the long 3.0- of fruit
3.5cm, mid diameter 2.5-3.0cm, length and mid diameter ratio are between 1.0-1.5, thousand grain weigth 60-70g.
Preferably, the time of the fruit ear picking is annual early November late October-in step (2)；The harvesting
Method is gently to be cut off at the 2-3cm of ground with sterilizing blade；Condition needed for the fruit ear after-ripening storage is air humidity
75%-85%, 14 DEG C -18 DEG C of temperature of the sterile dark situation of constant temperature；The storage time is 30 days.
Preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 5mol/L in step (3), soak seed 1min；The gibberellic acid solution
Concentration is 200mg/L, and soak seed 12h.
Preferably, the condition of the artificial climate incubator is 30 DEG C of temperature, humidity 90%, 12h dim light in step (4)
According to 12h dark situation.
Preferably, female, sub-bed compartment specification is width 2.2m, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 15cm in step (5)；The mother
Bed selects the black shading screen of light transmittance 30%, and the sub-bed selects the black shading screen of light transmittance 50%.
Preferably, the accurate quantification bunch planting is every bunch planting kind chitting piece 1 in step (6)；The pine needle
Cladding thickness be 1-2cm.
Preferably, the specification of the sprigging to sub-bed is line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, density 1.33 in step (7)
Ten thousand plants/acre；The first time topdressing and second of top dressing refer to is poured with dung polluted water rich water, is not made during seedling fostering
With any chemical fertilizer；The efficient germicide is 25% Tebuconazole missible oil or 25% wettable powder.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention picks and after-ripening storage, the chemical combined tune of seed from the selection of seed collecting cultivar maternal plant, fruit ear
The seedling fostering that control, artificial germination are taken root, female bed and the preparation of sub-bed seedbed, accurate quantification sowing and secondary hardening are cultivated walks
Suddenly, effectively break tsaoko seed dormancy, accelerate seed afterripening and sprouting, significantly improve percentage of seedgermination, seedling quality and strain
Fruit yield, last tsaoko seed is more traditional the time required to sprouting to be shortened 20 days, and percentage of seedgermination is greater than 90.0%, seedling seedling
The bed nurturing period shortens 120 days, is greater than 95.0% at rate after the transplanting of seedling hayashishita, the 3rd year single plant is dry after the transplanting of seedling hayashishita
50% or more fruit volume increase, single plant dry fruit average product is more than 500g.
(2) cultivar maternal plant selection technique of the invention, by stringent screening criteria, from existing a variety of heredity back
The high cultivar of yield potentiality is filtered out in the kind money of scape, this creates prerequisite heredity for the single plant high yield after seedling fostering strain
Condition.
(3) fruit ear low temperature after-ripening storage, chemical reagent Combined Treatment and artificial high temperature vernalization of the invention such as is taken root at the seeds
Elicitation technique, it is important to by removing the method that covering of a seed and advance growth are adjusted with the method for chemistry, effectively abolish because of kind
Kind of idiosome suspend mode caused by skin limits, promotion seed are sprouted, and sprout required time to reach to improve percentage of seedgermination and shorten
Purpose.
(4) female bed accurate quantification of the invention sowing and sub-bed transplant secondary hardening Cultivating techniques, pass through artificial regulatory kind
Seedling Population keeps population density scientific and reasonable, on the basis of coordinating water and fertilizer condition, solves between seedling group and individual
Development relationship lays the foundation for the formation of strong sprout；The acute round the clock of seedling root parameter temperature is balanced by pine needle foliage cover
Become, effectively reduce the hot suspend mode effect of tsaoko seedling, be obviously improved the dry-matter accumulation of seedling single plant, leaf area, plant height and
Stem thickness etc. forms strong sprout and can reach the purpose for the transplanting that is out of the garden ahead of time.
(5) the cultivation cultural method of tsaoko seedling of the present invention, with cultivating, the time is short, percentage of seedgermination is high, transplant survival
The advantages that rate is high, single plant fruit yield is big, can promote the production application of tsaoko, wide market.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is enumerated below, to this hair
Bright further description.However, it is necessary to illustrate, many details listed in specification are used for the purpose of making reader to this
The one or more aspects of invention have a thorough explanation, also may be implemented even without these specific details of the invention
These aspects.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling, includes the following steps:
(1) selection of cultivar maternal plant: the strain age after selection plant transplanting, plant integrally developed between 3-5
Well, growth is vigorous, result is more, no disease and pests harm, the maternal plant having no mechanical damage, and the maternal plant fructescence fruit
On fringe raw fruitlet shape close to round or oval type, the fruit of fruitlet long 3.0-3.5cm, mid diameter 2.5-3.0cm, length
With mid diameter ratio between 1.0-1.5, thousand grain weigth 60-70g, maturity period pericarp azarin gives out after seed is broken
Strong acid；
(2) fruit ear picking is stored with after-ripening: in the annual early November late October-tsaoko mature later period, in step (1)
Fruit ear picking is carried out on selected maternal plant, select pericarp it is bright-coloured, without breakage and the fruit ear mildew and rot without morbidity, on distance ground
Complete fruit ear is gently won with sterilizing blade at the 2-3cm of face, then entire fruit ear is attached in nylon net bag at once, interior is taken back and puts
It sets and carries out storage 30 in air humidity 75%-85%, the sterile dark situation growth cabinet of 14 DEG C of -18 DEG C of constant temperature and humidities of temperature
It；
(3) the chemical combined regulation of seed: carrying out fruitlet threshing for the fruit ear after step (2) after-ripening storage, what threshing was got off
Fruitlet removes outside rind and obtains seed, picks out the full conduct sowing seed of health again from seed, and seed is used repeatedly
Aseptic water washing 2-3 times is spread out on dry burlap slightly naturally dry；It then is the seed soaking of 5mol/L sulfuric acid solution with concentration
1min is taken out again after seed soaking with sterile water repeated flushing 2-3 times；It with concentration is that 200mg/L gibberellic acid solution fills after slightly drying
Sub-dip kind 12h is filtered out after seed again with sterile water by 2-3 rinsed clean of seed repeated flushing, is dried in the air naturally again to half-dried, so
It is spare in nylon net bag afterwards；
(4) vernalization is taken root: by step (3), treated that seed is placed in 28 DEG C of warm water the 12h that sufficiently soaks seed, and taking-up drains the water
Point, then soak seed, 3 times repeatedly；The clean plastic barrel of a suitable size is taken out, the bottom of bucket is padded layer 2-3 wet towel, is then placed in
Seed, seed upper layer are covered tightly with layer 2-3 wet towel again；It is 30 DEG C that whole bucket, which is put into temperature, humidity 90%, 12h low-light,
It carries out vernalization in the constant temperature and humidity artificial climate incubator of 12h dark situation to take root, every for 24 hours by seed from plastic barrel during vernalization
It is slowly withdrawn and is put into 28 DEG C of warm water the 0.5h that soaks seed, drain away the water to be returned in bucket again after seed soaking and continue vernalization, and bucket is upper and lower
Layer towel remains cleaning and moistens；When kind of root break through a seed hole it is long to 1-2mm when, vernalization terminates to prepare sowing；
(5) prepared by female bed and sub-bed: tsaoko seedling bed is divided into female bed and sub-bed two parts；Select topography relatively flat, soil
Weeds, tree root, stone and other sundries on seedbed ground are removed as seedbed in the plot of the loose content of organic matter high humidity of earth；
By the loose 8-12cm of native table in seedbed, while applying well-rotted farmyard manure 0.8-1.2kg/m2, zinc sulfate 5-8 × 10-3kg/m2Make bottom
Fertilizer, soil block is smashed to rake is made into compartment, and the specification in compartment is width 2.2m, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 15cm；Ready-made compartment bed is divided into mother
The area of bed and sub-bed, female bed and sub-bed is 1:5, is shaded respectively with the black of light transmittance 30% and 50% above female bed and sub-bed
Net shades；
(6) accurate quantification is sowed: in mid or late December, sunny good day being selected to carry out what sowing was handled well by step (4)
Germinating seed is ditched on female bed by line-spacing 5cm bracing wire, and ditch depth 2cm, spacing in the rows 2cm carry out accurate quantification bunch planting, every bunch planting kind
Chitting piece 1 broadcasts rear cover fine earth, compartment face of raking；It is covered again with Yunnan high mountain pine needle, cladding thickness 1-2cm,
It is sprinkled profoundly water at once after broadcasting, 0-5cm soil layer remains wet later, to emerge；
(7) secondary hardening is cultivated: when female bed growth of seedling is fully deployed to the 2nd true leaf, carrying out sub-bed transplanting to it；
First female bed is sprinkled profoundly water before seedling replanting, seedling root band soil is then transplanted to sub-bed, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows according to specification
20cm 1.33 ten thousand plants/acre of density, sprinkles profoundly water sub-bed after transplanting, then carries out surface soil Wheat straw mulching with pine needle；Work as sub-bed
On height of seedling carry out carrying out first time topdressing with dung polluted water rich water when reaching 15cm, and go to cut weeds and weak, small, sick three classes
Seedling guarantees being evenly supplied for liquid manure, with nurturing staff；Continue to be chased after for the second time with dung polluted water rich water when height of seedling reaches 25cm
Fertilizer；When height of seedling reaches 35cm can seedling, reach transplanting require, complete tsaoko seedling cultivation；It was cultivated in secondary hardening
Cheng Zhong selects 25% Tebuconazole missible oil or 25% wettable powder efficient germicide to be watered 2000 times of liquid of dilution, separately plus di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
The mass ratio of hydrogen potassium and water is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1:1000, primary every 10 days even spraying cauline leafs after mixing,
Prevent the generation of Disease in Amomum Tsao-ko.
Embodiment 2
The method of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 the difference is that: embodiment 2 is not carried out to maternal plant when collecting seed
Judgement and selection, but randomness selects maternal plant, remaining step and method and embodiment 1 completely the same.
Embodiment 3
The method of embodiment 3 difference from example 1 is that: embodiment 3 does not carry out seed at step (3)
Chemical combined processing and regulation, but seed obtained by step (2) is stirred evenly with plant ash, number is then with the hands crumpled repeatedly
It is secondary；Embodiment 3 is taken root at step (4) without vernalization, but is directly sowed after being handled with plant ash, in remaining step
It is completely the same with method and embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The method of embodiment 4 and embodiment 1 the difference is that: embodiment 4 will be implemented at step (5), (6), (7)
The seed that 1 vernalization of example is taken root directly is sown on the compartment of seedbed according to the conventional method, and application rate is 8kg/ mus, seedbed not denominator bed
And sub-bed, also without secondary transplanting, until directly carry out hayashishita transplanting after seedling, remaining step and method and embodiment 1 are complete
It is complete consistent.
By the tsaoko Germination Characteristics and the indexs such as seedling quality under the different tsaoko seedling fostering methods of embodiment 1-4
Data acquisition is carried out, as a result see the table below.
Germination Characteristics and seedling quality analytical table under the different tsaoko seedling fostering methods of table 1.
Note: chitting piece number accounts for the percentage for planting experimentally sub- sum when percentage of seedgermination refers to after planting 30d in table；At
Seedling refers to the seedling that hayashishita transplanting will be carried out when plant height reaches 35cm；Number of days needed for seedling refers to be reached from seeding in nursery bed to seedling
Required number of days when to seedling；Transplanting success refers to that the plant number Zhan survived after the transplanting of seedling hayashishita always transplants the percentage of strain number
Than；Strain yield refers to the dry fruit single plant yield of the 3rd year plant after seedling transplanting.
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1, the seedling fostering method strain dry fruit yield of embodiment 2 is only
206.9g/ plants, compared with the 1 single plant dry fruit underproduction 58.9% of embodiment, this is primarily due to embodiment 2 and does not select strictly when collecting seed
Kind, therefore play an important role according to standard seed collecting to the promotion of yield when tsaoko seedling fostering.Compared with Example 1, implement
The seedling fostering method percentage of seedgermination of example 3 is significantly less than example 1, and germination percentage is only 35.5% within the 30th day, is greater than 90.0% germination
Number of days needed for rate is also significantly greater than example 1, be 47 days, and mostly 20 days more whole than example 1, it can be seen that pass through chemical combined place
Reason can effectively break tsaoko seed dormancy, thus the time required to improving percentage of seedgermination and shortening germination.Compared with Example 1,
Survival rate after number of days, transplanting the time required to the seedling fostering method seedling dry-matter accumulation amount of embodiment 4, leaf area per plant, seedling
And strain yield etc. is significantly less than example 1, compared with Example 4, embodiment 1 is shortened from sowing to number of days needed for seedling
120 days, analyzing its reason was exactly not carry out secondary because example 4 after planting carries out always dense planting seedling cultivation on female bed
Sub-bed transplants reinforced cultivating, therefore the seedling quality cultivated is weak, and the plant death rate is high after transplanting, single plant dry fruit yield after strain
It is low.
In summary, the cultivation cultural method of 1 tsaoko seedling of embodiment has needed for percentage of seedgermination height, seedling fostering
The advantages that time is short, transplanting success is high, strain fruit yield is big, can promote the production application of tsaoko, wide market.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling, characterized by the following steps:
(1) selection of cultivar maternal plant: the maternal plant resource of the excellent cultivar of high yield is selected first, selection is sentenced
Disconnected foundation be on maternal plant fructescence fruit ear raw fruitlet shape close to round or oval type, maturity period pericarp is bright
It is red, strong acid is given out after seed is broken；
(2) fruit ear picking is stored with after-ripening: in the tsaoko mature later period, carrying out fruit ear on step (1) selected maternal plant
Picking, select pericarp it is bright-coloured, without breakage and the fruit ear mildew and rot without morbidity, then manually completely win fruit ear, then by entire fruit
Fringe is attached in nylon net bag at once, is taken back interior and is placed on growth cabinet progress after-ripening storage；
(3) fruit ear after step (2) after-ripening storage the chemical combined regulation of seed: is subjected to fruitlet threshing, the fruitlet that threshing is got off
Remove outside rind and obtain seed, picks out the full conduct sowing seed of health again from seed, seed is used sterile repeatedly
Water rinses 2-3 times, is spread out on dry burlap slightly naturally dry；Then it is soaked seed with sulfuric acid solution, is taken out after seed soaking and use nothing again
Bacterium water repeated flushing 2-3 times；It is sufficiently soaked seed, is filtered out with sterile water that seed is anti-again after seed with gibberellic acid solution after slightly drying
2-3 rinsed clean is rinsed again, is dried in the air again to half-dried, is subsequently installed in spare in nylon net bag naturally；
(4) vernalization is taken root: by step (3), treated that seed is placed in 28 DEG C of warm water the 12h that sufficiently soaks seed, and taking-up drains away the water,
It soaks seed again, 3 times repeatedly；Take out a clean plastic barrel, layer 2-3 wet towel is padded in the bottom of bucket, seed is then placed in, on seed
Layer is covered tightly with layer 2-3 wet towel again；Whole bucket is put into progress vernalization in constant temperature and humidity artificial climate incubator to take root, the vernalization phase
Between be put into 28 DEG C of warm water the 0.5h that soaks seed every being for 24 hours slowly withdrawn seed from plastic barrel, drain away the water after seed soaking and be returned to again
Continue vernalization in bucket, the upper and lower layer towel of bucket remains cleaning and moisten；When kind of root break through seed hole and it is long to 1-2mm when,
Vernalization terminates to prepare sowing；
(5) prepared by female bed and sub-bed: tsaoko seedling bed is divided into female bed and sub-bed two parts；Select topography relatively flat, soil is dredged
Weeds, tree root, stone and other sundries on seedbed ground are removed as seedbed in the plot of loose content of organic matter high humidity；By seedling
Bed the loose 8-12cm of native table, while apply well-rotted farmyard manure 0.8-1.2kg/m2, zinc sulfate 5-8 × 10-3kg/m2 makees base fertilizer,
Soil block is smashed to rake and is made into compartment；Ready-made compartment bed is divided into female bed and sub-bed, the area of female bed and sub-bed is 1:5, female bed and
Shaded respectively with the black shading screen of different light transmittances above sub-bed；
(6) accurate quantification is sowed: in mid or late December, sunny good day being selected to carry out the rudiment that sowing is handled well by step (4)
Seed is ditched on female bed by line-spacing 5cm bracing wire, and ditch depth 2cm, spacing in the rows 2cm carry out accurate quantification bunch planting, broadcast rear cover fine earth, is harrowed
Flat compartment face；It is covered with Yunnan high mountain pine needle, is sprinkled profoundly water at once after broadcasting again, 0-5cm soil layer remains wet later
State, to emerge；
(7) secondary hardening is cultivated: when female bed growth of seedling is fully deployed to the 2nd true leaf, carrying out sub-bed transplanting to it；Seedling
First female bed is sprinkled profoundly water before transplanting, seedling root band soil is then transplanted to sub-bed according to specification, sub-bed is irrigated after transplanting
Then water carries out surface soil Wheat straw mulching with pine needle；First time topdressing is carried out when the height of seedling in sub-bed reaches 15cm, and
It goes to cut weeds and weak, small, sick three classes seedling, guarantees being evenly supplied for liquid manure, with nurturing staff；Continue when height of seedling reaches 25cm into
Second of top dressing of row；When height of seedling reaches 35cm can seedling, reach transplanting require, complete tsaoko seedling cultivation；Secondary
During reinforced cultivating, efficient germicide is selected to be watered 2000 times of liquid of dilution, another that the mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water is added to be 1:
1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is primary every 10d even spraying cauline leaf after mixing, prevent the generation of Disease in Amomum Tsao-ko；?
Step (7), the specification of the sprigging to sub-bed are line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 1.33 ten thousand plants/acre of density；Described first
Secondary top dressing and second of top dressing refer to is poured with dung polluted water rich water, and any chemistry fertilizer is not used during seedling fostering
Material；The efficient germicide is 25% Tebuconazole missible oil or 25% wettable powder.
2. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the high yield
The maternal plant of excellent cultivar is strain age 3-5 after transplanting, and ontogeny is good, growth is vigorous, result is more, no disease and pests harm, nothing
The plant of mechanical damage；The fruitlet biological property is the long 3.0-3.5cm of fruit, and mid diameter 2.5-3.0cm, length is in
Portion's diameter proportion is 1:1.0-1.5, thousand grain weigth 60-70g.
3. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the fruit ear
The time of picking is annual early November late October-；The harvesting method is light with sterilizing blade at the 2-3cm of ground
It scotches down；Condition needed for the fruit ear after-ripening storage is air humidity 75%-85%, 14 DEG C -18 DEG C of temperature of constant temperature is sterile
Dark situation；The storage time is 30 days.
4. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), the sulfuric acid
The concentration of solution is 5mol/L, seed soaking time 1min；The concentration of the gibberellic acid solution is 200mg/L, seed soaking time 12h.
5. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described artificial in step (4)
The condition of weather incubator is 30 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 90%, 12h low-light, 12h dark situation.
6. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (5), the mother,
The specification in sub-bed compartment is width 2.2m, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 15cm；Mother's bed selects the black shading screen of light transmittance 30%, institute
State the black shading screen that sub-bed selects light transmittance 50%.
7. the high-efficient method for cultivating of tsaoko seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described accurate in step (6)
Quantitative bunch planting is every bunch planting kind chitting piece 1；The cladding thickness of the pine needle is 1-2cm.
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| CN112021093A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Bionic seedling raising method for amomum tsao-ko |
| CN112021092A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Amomum tsaoko planting method with high survival rate |
| CN112075272A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104838762A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed |
| CN106105765A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-11-16 | 曹正祥 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Tsaoko |
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| CN104838762A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed |
| CN106105765A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-11-16 | 曹正祥 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Tsaoko |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 草果实用栽培技术;李品汉;《农村实用技术》;20021130;第4-7页 * |
| 覆盖物对草果种苗质量及土壤温度的影响;雷恩,刘艳红,田学军,车远光;《种子》;20110725;全文 * |
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