CN112889614A - Method for reducing incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by using green prevention and control technology - Google Patents
Method for reducing incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by using green prevention and control technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 244000146462 Centella asiatica Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000896292 Odontothrips loti Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco tomato spotted wilt by utilizing a green prevention and control technology, which comprises the steps of covering a silver black mulching film in a tobacco field and placing a blue board in the tobacco field in a matching manner; the pheromone blue board trapping and killing is a physical prevention and control technology which is adopted by utilizing the tropism of thrips to blue boards and is a green environment-friendly technology which has no pollution, convenient use and obvious trapping and killing effect; and the silver black mulching film can effectively avoid the harm of thrips and inhibit the growth of weeds, thereby saving the cost for production to a certain extent. The invention provides a sustainable green prevention and control measure for the tobacco and tomato spotted wilt safely, economically and effectively, can effectively reduce the tomato spotted wilt disease incidence in a demonstration area, controls the diseased plant rate within 5 percent, and recovers the economic loss of flue-cured tobacco of 193.20 yuan/mu, thereby providing scientific basis and technical standard for the comprehensive prevention and control technology for the tomato spotted wilt virus in a main diseased tobacco area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disease prevention of tobacco field planting management, in particular to a method for reducing the incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by utilizing a green prevention and control technology.
Background
In recent years, tobacco Tomato Spotted Wilt (TSWV) has risen to be one of the important diseases in the Yunnan tobacco field. In Yunnan Zhaotong tobacco district, especially in Zhaotong south, Ludian county and Yong shan county all have the tendency of spreading constantly, have become the main disease in some tobacco districts, can cause more than 60% serious loss in local tobacco district, and present the trend of rising year by year, seriously threaten tobacco output and quality, endanger tobacco leaf quality to promote.
The measures of 'losing weight and reducing pesticide' for promoting zero growth of pesticide and fertilizer are adopted to ensure the safety of cigarette production raw materials, and pesticide for preventing and treating tobacco and tomato spotted wilt can cause pesticide residue and influence the safety production of tobacco. Therefore, the development and popularization of green prevention and control technologies are important measures for solving the problems and improving the yield and quality of tobacco. Therefore, how to comprehensively utilize the green prevention and control technology to reduce the incidence rate of the tobacco tomato spotted wilt becomes the invention aim of the invention.
The green prevention and control technology is based on the concept of 'green plant protection', and adopts the technologies of agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, ecological regulation and control and scientific, reasonable and safe pesticide use, so as to achieve the purposes of effectively controlling crop diseases and insect pests, ensuring the production safety of crops, the quality safety of agricultural products and the safety of agricultural ecological environment, and promoting the agricultural production increase and income increase.
When the tobacco production in a new normal state is developed, the yield and the quality of the tobacco are seriously influenced by plant diseases and insect pests according to statistics: in Yunnan, the tobacco pests reach over 56 families and 250 varieties, and the pest species are continuously increased, so that the loss of field tobacco is usually as high as 15-30 percent, and even is no more acceptable in serious cases.
Tobacco tomato spotted wilt is an important tobacco virus disease seriously harming the quality and yield of tobacco and is considered as one of the most potential dangerous diseases for tobacco in the world. At present, tobacco tomato spotted wilt virus disease is widely distributed in Yunnan tobacco regions, has a continuous spreading trend in Yunnan Zhaotong tobacco regions, particularly in Zhaotong south China, Ludian counties and Qiaojia counties, has become a main disease of partial tobacco regions, can cause more than 60 percent of serious loss in local tobacco regions, presents a trend of rising year by year, seriously threatens the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and endangers the quality improvement of tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a heart method technology for preventing and treating and solving the harm of the tobacco and tomato spotted wilt, and particularly, the invention is realized as follows:
a method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by using a green prevention and control technology comprises the following steps: step S1, covering a silver gray or silver black mulching film in the tobacco field, covering the film on the part below the roots of the tobacco seedling leaves, and covering the two sides of the mulching film on the field map between ridges; step S2, placing a blue plate in the tobacco field; uniformly distributing 5-15 pieces per mu, and ensuring that the horizontal height of the blue board equipment is not lower than the height of tobacco; and step S3, replacing the blue board at intervals of 20-35 days.
Further, a silver black film is used for film covering during transplanting of tobacco seedlings, the film is broken within 5-7 days after transplanting, and the seedlings are taken out and sealed within 20-25 days after transplanting.
Further, in step S2, the setting time of the blue plate is the initial stage of growth of the tobacco plant, the blue plate is an pheromone blue plate, and the pheromone blue plate is placed according to 10 pieces/mu.
Furthermore, the placement height of each time of the pheromone blue plate is higher than that of the tobacco plant by 10cm to 20cm, and the height of each pheromone blue plate in the field is kept consistent.
Further, the pheromone blue board is arranged in a board shape or a curled barrel shape.
The working principle of the invention is introduced: the inventor researches and discovers that tobacco Tomato Spotted Wilt (TSWV) is mainly transmitted by thrips, and the current prevention and control of the tobacco tomato spotted wilt is mainly based on the agent control mediator of thrips. However, the thrips is small and the problem of strong drug resistance of pests occurs, so that the prevention and control of the drug are difficult. With the propagation and spread of frankliniella occidentalis, plant diseases caused by tomato spotted wilt virus become more and more serious, which generally can cause 30-50% of crop loss, and can reach 70% when serious, thus bringing great threat to tobacco production. But because the tomato spotted wilt disease prevention and control drug has small size, extremely high reproductive potential, very strong infectivity, wide host range and easy generation of resistance to pesticides, no specific drug and disease-resistant germplasm for preventing and controlling the tomato spotted wilt disease exist at present. The establishment of the biological control which takes the ecological control for improving the biological diversity in the field and the biological control for increasing the number of the natural enemies in the field as the main prevention and control measures and technical systems is an effective comprehensive prevention and control method, and can achieve the aims of reducing the pesticide, improving the tobacco quality, increasing the tobacco yield and ensuring the tobacco safety in the green and sustainable production of the tobacco. The invention utilizes the ultraviolet light reflected by the silvery mulching film to generate the evasion function to the thrips; meanwhile, the common blue plate and the sex inducing blue plate are placed in the tobacco field by utilizing the blue tropism of the thrips to achieve the effect of preventing and treating the thrips. The method utilizes a combination method of a blue-plate trapping method and a mulching film covering method to realize effective control of the number of tobacco field thrips, thereby effectively realizing green prevention and control of tobacco tomato spotted wilt and controlling the disease incidence rate within 5 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
the invention provides a sustainable green prevention and control measure for the tobacco and tomato spotted wilt safely, economically and effectively, can effectively reduce the tomato spotted wilt disease incidence in a demonstration area, controls the diseased plant rate within 5 percent, and recovers the economic loss of flue-cured tobacco of 193.20 yuan/mu, thereby providing scientific basis and technical standard for the comprehensive prevention and control technology for the tomato spotted wilt virus in a main diseased tobacco area.
The pheromone blue board trapping and killing is a physical prevention and control technology which is adopted by utilizing the tropism of thrips to the blue board, and is a green and environment-friendly technology which has no pollution, convenient use and obvious trapping and killing effect; and the silver black mulching film can effectively avoid the harm of thrips and inhibit the growth of weeds, thereby saving the cost for production to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a leaf blade infected with tobacco tomato spotted wilt in Zhaotong smoke area;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a tobacco plant infected with tobacco tomato spotted wilt in Zhaotong smoke region;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of Frankliniella occidentalis found in tobacco fields in Zhaotong tobacco district;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the number of centella asiatica in Zhaotong tobacco field;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the trend of TSWV incidence on Showa tobacco;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the incidence of TSWV and the quantity of the hundreds of insects of Frankliniella occidentalis in Su Hospital;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between TSWV disease index and the quantity of the hundreds of insects of Frankliniella occidentalis;
FIGS. 8 to 10 are schematic diagrams showing the investigation results of each tobacco field;
FIG. 11 is a plot of the trend of tobacco TSWV incidence after different mulch treatments;
FIG. 12 is a plot of the tendency of Western thrips loti induced by Zhaotongyan field pheromone;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the tendency of the trapping amount of Frankliniella occidentalis in Zhaotongtian.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Example 1: discovery of etiology
In order to solve the epidemic situation of the tomato spotted wilt disease in each region of the Showtong city, the inventor carries out investigation and statistics on the occurrence situation of the tomato spotted wilt disease in the tobacco planting region of the Showtong city, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Shouyang, Ludian, Yong-good 3 county (district) tomato spotted wilt disease incidence and disease index
TABLE 2 Shouyang, Ludian, Yong-good 3 county (district) tomato spotted wilt disease incidence and disease index
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: tomato spotted wilt (as shown in figure 1 and figure 2) is harmful in Zhaoyang region, Ludian region and Yongshan region. The earliest disease is in the shogayang region, and the latest disease is in the Yong-shan county; the serious harm degree is the shogao and the Yong county, the lighter is the Ludian county, and the disease-causing tobacco plants in the shogao and the Yong county reach the non-income degree finally when the harm is the most serious. The disease incidence of Su homes in three towns in the area of the Shouyang is serious, the disease incidence reaches 9.01 +/-1.37 percent at most, the disease incidence of the tomato spotted wilt virus disease in the plot of Buga and the observation point is slight, the highest disease incidence of the Buga is 5.35 +/-1.23 percent, and the highest disease incidence of the Buga is only 4.03 +/-0.68 percent.
By investigating the population dynamics of thrips in Showa tobacco field and the epidemic relationship of the thrips in tomato spotted wilt virus, the investigation shows that the thrips species Frankliniella occidentalis (shown in figure 3) in the Showa tobacco field with the main disease accounts for more than 80%. And a significant positive correlation exists between the TSWV incidence rate and the quantity (accumulation) of the frankliniella occidentalis population (as shown in figures 4-7), namely, the larger the quantity of the frankliniella occidentalis population is, the higher the TSWV incidence rate is. Therefore, the inventor thinks that the control of the population quantity of thrips, particularly Frankliniella occidentalis, has an important effect on the prevention and treatment of tobacco tomato spotted wilt diseases, and the epidemic harm of tobacco tomato spotted wilt diseases can be controlled by adopting effective prevention and treatment methods and measures to control the population quantity of thrips in tobacco fields is feasible, and the aim can be achieved.
Example 2: prevention and control of thrips population in tobacco field
The prevention and control method of the blue plate and the mulching film is selected to comply with the green prevention and control concept, is economic and environment-friendly, and meanwhile, in order to achieve the significance of the prevention and control effect, a group selects a tobacco field with serious disease incidence as a test demonstration point in a shogao-yang area.
Table 5 experimental demonstration tobacco field selection
Different silver gray plastic film mulching field screening test
TABLE 6 field screening of different mulching films
Therefore, the silver mulching film has a certain avoidance effect on the toxicity media Frankliniella occidentalis, so that TSWV is reduced, but the disease increase amplitude is similar to that of a black film (CK) after the tobacco plants live in a vigorous growth period, because the growth of the bottom leaves of the tobacco plants shields the reflection of the silver film to a certain extent, the avoidance effect is reduced, so that the tobacco plants can be matched with a blue plate to jointly control the thrips after entering the vigorous growth period, and the TSWV is reduced. The number of weeds in the tobacco field with the silver gray mulching film is more than that of the silver black mulching film, so that the growth of tobacco plants is not facilitated. Finally, a silver black mulching film is selected, as shown in fig. 11.
Screening of different blue plates
TABLE 7 screening of different blue plates
Selection test for the number of blue plates used in tobacco fields
After determining the best solution, to achieve the desired goal, the group refines again and investigates the thrips trapping number by using different numbers of pheromone blue plates in each mu of tobacco field, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 8 blue plate number selection
Tobacco field blue plate replacement time test
The number of thrips trapped on the pheromone blue plate increased with increasing exchange time, but it was not obvious that the number of thrips on the blue plate had increased after 30 days of separation. Therefore, when the time interval for replacing the blue board is selected, if the time interval is too short, the blue board cannot be fully utilized, waste is caused, and the cost is increased; if the interval time is too long, the thrips prevention and control effect is lowered. Considering all aspects of factors, the inventor finally chooses to adopt 30-day intervals to replace the pheromone blue board.
Making prevention and control measures
TABLE 10 strategy table for reducing TSWV incidence by green prevention and control technology
Implementation of countermeasures
According to the above-made countermeasures implemented one by one
Countermeasure implementation one
Countermeasure implementation two
Countermeasure implementation III
Effect testing
And after the countermeasure implementation is finished, carrying out effect inspection on the demonstration of blue board and plastic film mulching prevention and control.
1. Tobacco field thrips
TABLE 11 number of hundreds of thrips in tobacco field
The population quantity of thrips town of Su nationality hospital reaches the peak value in 10 days after 7 months, and the number of thrips in the control field is obviously higher than that in the green prevention and control demonstration field from the beginning to the end of the survey, which shows that the comprehensive prevention and control measures of the blue plate and the mulching film are utilized to prevent and control the thrips, and the population of the field virus transmission medium can be obviously reduced.
TSWV hazard situation
TABLE 12 comprehensive green prevention and control demonstration morbidity and disease index of tomato spotted wilt virus in tobacco field of Su Hospital
The survey statistics show that: the highest incidence rate of tomato spotted wilt virus in a demonstration field of Su home and countryside tobacco fields is 4.20%, the disease index is 3.56%, and the incidence rate and the disease index are obviously lower than those of a control by 11.60% and 10.89%. The comprehensive prevention and control system for the tomato spotted wilt virus in the tobacco field can better prevent and control the tomato spotted wilt virus, and the incidence rate of the tomato spotted wilt virus is controlled within 5 percent. The target value is achieved.
3. Economic benefits
TABLE 13 statistical table of main economic traits
In terms of the yield per mu and the yield per mu value, the demonstration field is increased compared with the conventional tobacco field, the yield per mu is increased by 10.18 kg/mu on average, and the income is increased by 273.20 yuan/mu on average; the first-class tobacco ratio is improved compared with the conventional transplanting, and the average percentage is improved by 2.18 percent; the upper and middle smoke proportion is also improved by 3.41 percentage points on average. The cost is increased per mu, the economic benefit is increased by 193.20 yuan per mu, and the target value is realized.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reducing the incidence rate of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by using a green prevention and control technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, covering a silver gray or silver black mulching film in the tobacco field, covering the film on the part below the roots of the tobacco seedling leaves, and covering the two sides of the mulching film on the field map between ridges;
step S2, placing a blue plate in the tobacco field; uniformly distributing 5-15 pieces per mu, and ensuring that the horizontal height of the blue board equipment is not lower than the height of tobacco;
and step S3, replacing the blue board at intervals of 20-35 days.
2. The method for reducing the incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt by using the green prevention and control technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein a silver black film is used for film covering during transplanting tobacco seedlings, the film is broken within 5-7 days after transplanting, and the seedlings are taken out and sealed within 20-25 days after transplanting.
3. The method for reducing the incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease through green prevention and control technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the setting time of the blue plate is the early growth period of tobacco plant, the blue plate is the pheromone blue plate, and the pheromone blue plate is placed according to 10 sheets/mu.
4. The method for reducing the incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt using green prevention and control technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein the height of the pheromone blue plate is higher than the tobacco plant by 10cm-20cm each time, keeping the height of each pheromone blue plate consistent in the field.
5. The method for reducing the incidence of tobacco tomato spotted wilt disease by green prevention and control technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pheromone blue plate is arranged in a plate shape or in a curled barrel shape.
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| CN114794120A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for reducing toxic amount of TSWV in thrips adults |
| CN114794120B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-08-11 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for reducing TSWV (total suspended solid Virus) toxin carrying amount in adult thrips |
| CN115769753A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-03-10 | 云南省烟草公司昭通市公司 | Application of sunflower in prevention and control of TSWV or tomato spotted wilt virus or thrips and prevention and control method thereof |
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