CN109984000B - Comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha, which comprises the following steps: (1) spraying a chemical herbicide in a mikania micrantha prevention and control area, arranging an isolation area at the periphery of the mikania micrantha prevention and control area, and planting a seedling which resists mikania micrantha coverage in the isolation area; (2) cutting off mikania micrantha in the mikania micrantha prevention and control area to form a net-shaped blank area, and planting sweet potatoes in the net-shaped blank area when spraying chemical herbicide for 20-40 days; (3) after the sweet potatoes are harvested, the south China dodder is inoculated on the mikania micrantha in the mikania micrantha prevention and control area. The prevention and treatment effect of the mikania micrantha is improved by utilizing the dual functions of the coverage-resistant isolation belt at the periphery of the mikania micrantha prevention and treatment area and the net-shaped planting area of the sweet potatoes in the mikania micrantha prevention and treatment area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmful plant prevention and control, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha.
Background
Mikania micrantha (Mikania micrantha Kunth), also called Eupatorium micrantha or Eupatorium pseudopatorium parviflorum, is a perennial herb or shrub climbing vine of Compositae, originally produced in south America and Central America, and has now been widely spread to tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Malaya, Thailand and the like, and has been found as a weed in hong Kong in China in 1919, and in Shenzhen in 1984, and has been widely distributed in the delta region of Zhujiang river in 2008, and according to statistics, the distribution area of Mikania micrantha in China has reached 10 ten thousand hm until 20092The above. The species has been listed as one of the most harmful 100 alien invasive species in the world, and also as the first alien invasive species in China.
Mikania micrantha is a climbing vine with super-strong reproductive capacity, and can quickly form a whole plant covering situation after climbing shrubs and trees, and can secrete poison juice to inhibit the growth of other plants. After all other plants were covered, the photosynthesis was destroyed and the plants were suffocated and died. Mikania micrantha has serious threat to almost all trees of natural secondary forests, artificial fast-growing forests, economic forests and landscape forests with the height of 6-8 m, and parasitic trees of the natural secondary forests, the artificial fast-growing forests, the economic forests and the landscape forests are killed by using double means of climbing to completely cover and limit photosynthesis and secrete poisonous juice to inhibit the growth of other plants, so that the flaky forests die. Seriously affecting the ecological environment and the agricultural, forestry and fruit production, causing ecological disasters and economic losses, which is called as 'plant killer'.
There are three main methods for the control of mikania micrantha: physical control, chemical control, and biological control. Wherein physical prevention and control refers to manual removal, blanket felling and removal are carried out by utilizing manual machinery, and the cost of manual removal is very high, so that the physical prevention and control is not very practical for mikania micrantha; biological control means that harm, spread and spread of mikania micrantha are controlled by introducing natural enemies of mikania micrantha, but biological control has the risk of introducing a new ecological crisis; chemical prevention means that mikania micrantha is sprayed with a chemical herbicide, but the mikania micrantha is easy to grow again after being prevented and treated. Therefore, aiming at the prevention and treatment of mikania micrantha, a single prevention and treatment method cannot achieve the effect of preventing and treating mikania micrantha efficiently for a long time, and therefore a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy of mikania micrantha needs to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha,
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying a chemical herbicide in a mikania micrantha prevention and control area, arranging an isolation area at the periphery of the mikania micrantha prevention and control area, and planting a seedling which resists mikania micrantha coverage in the isolation area;
(2) cutting off mikania micrantha in the mikania micrantha prevention and control area to form a net-shaped blank area, and planting sweet potatoes in the net-shaped blank area when spraying chemical herbicide for 20-40 days;
(3) after the sweet potatoes are harvested, the south China dodder is inoculated on the mikania micrantha in the mikania micrantha prevention and control area.
Preferably, the Mikania micrantha-resistant tree seedling is at least one of Macaranga tanarius, Heteropana japonica and Clerodendrum lappa which are 70-100 cm in seedling height.
Preferably, the chemical herbicide is at least one of glyphosate, 2,4-D amine, caoban king, thaxix.
Preferably, the area of the net-shaped blank area accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the area of the mikania micrantha control area.
Further, the planting density of the sweet potatoes is 20-28 plants/m2。
Preferably, the semen cuscutae is inoculated on the mikania micrantha in the step (3) in an auxiliary manner of artificial winding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of firstly utilizing a chemical herbicide to kill mikania micrantha in a large area so as to reduce the reproductive capacity of the mikania micrantha, establishing an anti-mikania micrantha covering isolation belt at the periphery of a control area to prevent the mikania micrantha from spreading and growing, planting sweet potatoes which have strong competitive action with the mikania micrantha and can further inhibit the growth of the mikania micrantha in the early stage of secondary outbreak growth when the chemical herbicide is sprayed for 20-40 days, enabling the sweet potatoes to grow around the mikania micrantha to achieve the control effect similar to the isolation belt, improving the competitive action effect of the sweet potatoes, utilizing the dual functions of the anti-covering isolation belt at the periphery of the mikania micrantha control area and the netted planting area of the sweet potatoes in the mikania micrantha control area, improving the control effect of the mikania micrantha, and generating additional economic value after the sweet potatoes are harvested, in order to further prevent and treat mikania micrantha, the purpose of killing mikania micrantha infection is achieved by inoculating the dodder after the sweet potatoes are harvested, and the comprehensive prevention and treatment method provided by the invention achieves a good mikania micrantha prevention and treatment effect and has a good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planting layout in an experimental prototype according to example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of another planting layout in the experimental prototype of example 1.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the Guangdong Shenzhen Luo Tian forest field is used as a test point, three mikania micrantha hazardous areas are selected as mikania micrantha prevention and treatment areas, and each test sample is about 15m in length, about 10m in width and about 150m in area2The mikania micrantha plants are dominant population, the coverage degree is about 90%, and the ground vegetation is mainly local herbaceous plants and is unevenly distributed in the invasive land.
In the control test, the saplings covered by the mikania micrantha in the anti-mikania micrantha are selected from macaranga tanarius, Heteropanaxfera or cinnamomum burmanni with the seedling height of 70-100 cm, the sweet potato is transplanted by using sweet potato stem seedlings with the length of 10-15 cm, and the dodder is inoculated by using stem tips with the length of 25-35 cm, the stem tips are vigorous in growth, have no inflorescence and less than 3 branches.
Example 1
The control experiment is carried out in 2017 in 3 months, soil preparation is carried out on the periphery of each of three control mikania micrantha areas for one week, peripheral weeds are removed, sapporo-umbellate and macaranga tanarium seedlings are planted at intervals to form an isolation strip, the width of the isolation strip is about 2m, 150g of compound fertilizer is applied to each seedling during planting, additional fertilizer is applied according to growth conditions during subsequent management, 150g of compound fertilizer is applied during additional fertilizer, and the non-survived seedlings are removed in time and reseeded in time. The method comprises the steps of applying 1300g of 10% glyphosate per mu and adding 35 kg of water to prevent and treat mikania micrantha areas, and spraying stems and leaves of the mikania micrantha by using a sprayer.
When the drug effect of the drug is 35 days, randomly selecting one of three mikania micrantha prevention and treatment areas as a control area, planting sweet potatoes in the other two areas as test areas, and preventing and treating the mikania micrantha area in one test areaThe inner artificial cleaning forms a mesh blank area, the width of each transverse row and each longitudinal row of the mesh blank area is 1m, and the total area is about 62m2Planting sweet potato stem seedlings in the net-shaped blank area with the planting density of 30-38 plants/m2The sweet potato grows around the mikania micrantha, the planting layout in the experimental sample prescription formed at the moment is shown in figure 1, blank areas forming 6 vertical rows are manually removed in the mikania micrantha control area in another test area, the width of 5 vertical rows in the blank areas of the vertical rows is 1m, the width of 6 vertical rows is 1.2m, and the total area is about 62m2Planting sweet potato stem seedlings in the net-shaped blank area with the planting density of 20-28 plants/m2The planting layout of the experimental prototype created at this time is shown in fig. 2. And in the subsequent management, fertilizing and culturing the sweet potato seedlings, timely removing the non-survival sweet potato seedlings and timely replanting.
Harvesting sweet potatoes in 9 months, removing sweet potato leaves, adopting an artificial winding mode for three mikania micrantha prevention areas, and carrying out auxiliary climbing inoculation on the dodder on the mikania micrantha in the three mikania micrantha prevention areas, wherein the inoculation density is 3-8 dodder stem tips/m2And observing whether the dodder forms a sucker on the mikania micrantha or not after inoculation for 10 days, supplementing and inoculating the dodder if the situation that the sucker parasitic failure is not formed in a large area occurs, and investigating the clearance rate of the mikania micrantha after 90 days, wherein the clearance rate is mikania micrantha lethal area/mikania micrantha planting area (mikania micrantha planting area-residual area after mikania micrantha death)/mikania micrantha planting area.
In the whole experiment process for preventing and treating the mikania micrantha, the growth condition of the mikania micrantha is observed. In the initial stage of an experiment, in a mikania micrantha prevention and treatment area, mikania micrantha is curled and yellowed after being sprayed with glyphosate, then, the stem branches of the mikania micrantha are dehydrated and withered, when the mikania micrantha is sprayed for about 35 days, the roots and stems of the mikania micrantha are rotted, the stems and leaves are easy to break, and the fact that the vitality of the mikania micrantha is obviously weakened can be observed.
However, as the mikania micrantha belongs to a relatively stubborn foreign invasive species, and the problem that the mikania micrantha is prone to reoccur growth after the glyphosate efficacy is gradually lost, sweet potatoes capable of competing with the mikania micrantha are introduced and planted in the period that the vitality of the mikania micrantha is weaker, and the dry biomass of 20 mikania micrantha is randomly measured from three mikania micrantha control areas after the sweet potatoes grow for 1 month and 4 months. The control effect (%). is (dry weight of control area mikania micrantha-dry weight of test area mikania micrantha) × 100/dry weight of control area mikania micrantha, the control effects of different growth periods and sweet potato planting modes are statistically analyzed by duncan's new repolarization method (DMRT), and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 prevention and treatment effects of sweet potatoes in different growth periods on mikania micrantha
It can be seen from table 1 that the introduction of sweet potatoes in a period of weak growth of mikania micrantha has the effect of preventing the growth of mikania micrantha, the prevention effect of sweet potato planting for 1 month can reach more than 52%, the prevention effect difference achieved by adopting a net-shaped planting mode and a vertical row planting mode is not large in the initial stage of sweet potato planting, but the prevention effect achieved by adopting the net-shaped planting mode is remarkably improved along with the extension of the growth period of sweet potatoes, the possible reason is that the sweet potato planting areas are arranged in a net-shaped crossed manner, so that the prevention effect of the sweet potatoes on the growth of mikania micrantha similar to an isolation zone is achieved, and the competitive effect of the sweet potatoes is improved.
After the sweet potatoes are harvested, the common vetch is inoculated with the dodder to further remove the common vetch, the growth of the common vetch can be observed to be obviously inhibited along with the continuous parasitic growth of the dodder, the common vetch is killed in a large area after 90 days of inoculation, and the clearance rate of the obtained common vetch reaches more than 93 percent by calculating the lethal area of the common vetch. Therefore, after the means for preventing and treating the growth of the mikania micrantha by planting the sweet potatoes is adopted, the better prevention and treatment effect of the mikania micrantha can be achieved by adopting the lower inoculation density of the semen cuscutae.
In the whole experiment process for preventing and treating the mikania micrantha, the saplings of the saplings close to the mikania micrantha prevention and treatment area in the peripheral isolation belt are covered, new branches of the saplings partially covered in the next year penetrate through the covering layer to continue to grow normally, and the mikania micrantha growth area does not spread outwards to grow.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for invasive species mikania micrantha is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying a chemical herbicide in a mikania micrantha prevention and control area, arranging an isolation area at the periphery of the mikania micrantha prevention and control area, and planting a seedling which resists mikania micrantha coverage in the isolation area;
(2) will when spraying chemical herbicide 20 ~ 40 days prevent and control mikania micrantha region and cut off mikania micrantha and form netted blank space plant the sweet potato in netted blank space, netted blank space area accounts for 1/2 ~ 2/3 of prevention and control mikania micrantha regional area, the sweet potato stem seedling that length is 10 ~ 15cm is selected for use to the sweet potato, the planting density of sweet potato is 30 ~ 38 strains/m2；
(3) After the sweet potatoes are harvested, the south China dodder is inoculated on the mikania micrantha in the mikania micrantha prevention and control area.
2. The method for comprehensively controlling invasive species mikania micrantha according to claim 1, wherein the mikania micrantha-resistant seedlings are at least one of macaranga tanarius, saphelea amabilis and cinnamomum burmanni with a seedling height of 70-100 cm.
3. The method for the integrated control of invasive species mikania micrantha according to claim 1, wherein said chemical herbicide is at least one of glyphosate, 2,4-D amine, caobao king, toxigenic.
4. The method for the integrated control of invasive species mikania micrantha according to claims 1-3, wherein step (3) is carried out by means of artificial entanglement to assist the inoculation of dodder onto mikania micrantha.
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