CN103988676A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of loessal soil autumn potatoes - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing yield of loessal soil autumn potatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cultivation method for increasing the yield of loessal soil autumn potatoes includes the first step of selecting fields, the second step of carrying out formulated fertilization according to the fields with different fertilities, the third step of preparing the fields after fertilization, the fourth step of precisely sowing on the prepared fields and the fifth step of carrying out field management. With the combination of fertilization requirement characteristics of the potatoes and according to feeder capability of soil with different fertilities and yield targets, the application quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potash fertilizers is determined, the application quantity of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potash fertilizers is determined, and crop physiological problems caused by blind fertilization and excessive fertilization are avoided. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application is realized, organic fertilizers are combined with inorganic fertilizers, ridging cultivation is adopted on heavy soil with irrigation conditions, and later intertillage and earthing-up are combined, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers is increased. The yield of the potatoes is effectively increased, and the aims of reducing cost and improving benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method that improves loessal soil potato planted in autumn output.
Background technology
Formula fertilization by soil testing obtains wide popularization and application in recent years, this technology is taking soil testing and manuring field trial as basis, according to crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application organic manure, regulate and solve crop and need the contradiction between fertilizer and fertilizer provision from soil, supplement targetedly the required nutritive element of crop simultaneously, realize various nutrient balance supplies, meet the needs of crop, reach the object that improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
Potato is one of staple food crop being only second to paddy and wheat and corn, and approximately 4,500 ten thousand mu in recent years of the cultivated areas of China potato, rank first in the world.Potato all has cultivation in national each province and city, and especially cool in the north area and Southwest Mountainous Areas plantation are more extensive.Sichuan is the province of potato culture area maximum, and its large area per mu yield is generally 1000 kilograms of left and right.
The demand difference of the potato of different growing stage to nutrient, determines that the target output of the potato of planting is to be determined by the soil fertility height situation of ploughing then.Loess plateau is maximum in the world Loess Accumulation district, its loess particle is thin, soil property is soft, containing abundant mineral matter nutrient, be beneficial to farming, is one of cradle of ancient Chinese Farming Culture, also be one of major grain producing area of modern times and even contemporary China, these ecological region planting crops are of a great variety, hybridizing under the current conditions that breeding and improved seeds are comparatively universal, culture technique has breakthrough, and fertilizer practice has become one of key constraints of this regional agriculture high-yield and high-efficiency.At present chief crop produce in ubiquity chemical fertilizer application excessive, nutrient supply is unbalanced, high yield poor efficiency and low yield poor efficiency the problem such as deposit, particularly exist: diazonium phosphate fertilizer, light potash fertilizer; Great secondary element, slight secondary element; Heavy inorganic fertilizer, " triple three light " phenomenon of light fertilizer.The problems such as fertilizing time is improper, application process is unreasonable are restricting the further raising of potato unit yield and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of cultivation method that improves loessal soil potato planted in autumn output by the rational application of fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise the following steps:
The first step: select plot;
1) for middle fertility plot: select soil layer deep, short texture, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 21～36mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.3～9.74mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 96～115mg/kg;
2) for low fertility plot: select soil layer deep, short texture, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 15～20mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.80～6.2mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 86～105mg/kg;
Second step: for different fertility plot, correspondence is applied fertilizer;
1) for middle fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:5.3kg, P
2o
5: 2.3kg, K
2o:2.5kg;
2) for low fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:4.2kg, P
2o
5: 2.1kg, K
2o:2.5kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, No. seven, the Shanxi potato of virus-free seed potato, Longshu No.6;
2) vernalization seed dressing: spread healthy and strong potato seed out 2～3 layers, sun lights is shone and is made temperature remain on 10～15 degree, often stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, use the cutter after sterilization that potato seed is cut into 30～45 grams, with the potato piece of 1～2 eye, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece;
3) dense planting sowing: 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000～3500 strains, and the serious area of arid mu stays seedling 2500～2800 strains and ridging not, and sowing depth is 10 centimetres; Seedtime in late May to early June;
The 5th step, field management;
1) intertill and clean tillage: remove the weeds that have identical damage by disease and insect with potato, weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge;
2) ridging: earth up for the first time in the time of 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earth up for the second time in squaring period, trained before plant blossom envelope ridge;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: use chemical control early blight, late blight, aphid, ladybug;
4) results: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, gather in the crops.
The fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, superphosphate 55kg, urea 33kg or carbon ammonium 89kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
The fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, diammonium phosphate 14kg, urea 27kg or carbon ammonium 75kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
The fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, potato special fertilizer 50kg, boron fertilizer 1kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 12kg squaring period.
The fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 23kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
The fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 18kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
The fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, the potato special fertilizer 50kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 10kg squaring period.
In the 3rd described step, poison bait is mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
In the 3rd described step, poison bait is mu Furadan 1.5～2kg.
In the 5th described step, step 3) is prevented and treated early blight and is selected 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock or 75% tpn; Prevent and treat late blight and select safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali or Ridomil MZ Gold; Anti-eliminating aphis selects 100-2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil to carry out foliage-spray; Control ladybug is selected 30～40 milliliters/mu of the beta-cypermethrins of 2.5% time aqueous emulsion or 4.5%, is watered 30 kilograms and sprays.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is in conjunction with the growth characteristic of potato, select ground, gentle slope, southern hilly and gullied area, terraced fields and Gou Tai, bar or ground, dam, according to soil of different fertility feeder capability and yield target, determine the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause.Joined and executed by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, be organicly combined with inorganic phase, to there being irrigation conditions, relatively more sticky heavy soil, adopts ridging cultivation, and in conjunction with later stage intertillage, ridging, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby effectively increase potato yield, reaches the efficient object of abridged edition.Record by production application, adopt cultivation method of the present invention, the output of loessal soil potato planted in autumn reaches 1200～1500kg/ mu, has greatly improved the per mu yield level of potato, has huge economy and social value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 21～36mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.3～9.74mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 96～115mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:5.3kg, P
2o
5: 2.3kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, superphosphate 55kg, urea 33kg or carbon ammonium 89kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
Embodiment 2:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 21～36mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.3～9.74mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 96～115mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:5.3kg, P
2o
5: 2.3kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, diammonium phosphate 14kg, urea 27kg or carbon ammonium 75kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
Embodiment 3:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 21～36mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.3～9.74mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 96～115mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:5.3kg, P
2o
5: 2.3kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, potato special fertilizer 50kg, boron fertilizer 1kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 12kg squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
Embodiment 4:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 15～20mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.80～6.2mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 86～105mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:4.2kg, P
2o
5: 2.1kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 23kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
Embodiment 5:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 15～20mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.80～6.2mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 86～105mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:4.2kg, P
2o
5: 2.1kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 18kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
Embodiment 6:
1, plot is selected: select southern hilly and gullied area soil layer deep, and short texture, soil nutrient contains alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 15～20mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.80～6.2mg/kg, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields and the Gou Tai of available potassium 86～105mg/kg, bar, ground, dam.Preceding crop is with Cereal, legume, must not continuous cropping, also must not with the solanaceous crops crop rotations such as capsicum, tomato and eggplant.
2, fertilising:
Fertilising scheme: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:4.2kg, P
2o
5: 2.1kg, K
2o:2.5kg.
Fertilizing method: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, the potato special fertilizer 50kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 10kg squaring period.
3, meticulous whole ground: spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait (mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, stir ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg, or Furadan 1.5～2kg control soil insect), plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil.
4, precisely sowing:
1. select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, the Xia Bodi of virus-free seed potato, No. seven, Shanxi potato, No. 5,6, Gansu Province potato.
2. vernalization, seed dressing: bask seeds, vernalization is important measures in Cultivition Technologues of High Potato Yield, potato seed is spread out to layer 2-3, be placed in well-lighted tailo or greenhouse by solar heat, make temperature remain on 10-15 degree, allow sun lights shine and often to stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, can cut bud sowing.When potato seed stripping and slicing, a best people prepares two cutters and carries out stripping and slicing, cutter is all placed in the liquor potassic permanganate of 75% alcohol or 0.5% and sterilizes, and 30～45 grams of potato pieces with 1～2 eye are cut in potato seed, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece.Advocate whole photo sowing, often adopt aborning 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.
3. the sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil: according to soil moisture content, sowing optimum period is early and middle ten days in May, adopts the plastic film mulching cultivation can be ahead of time to early April, reaches early harvest, early goes public, obtains the object of higher economic benefit.
4. rational close planting: relatively more sticky heavy soil, when sowing, preferably adopt ridging cultivation, 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000-3500 strain.Sowing depth is 10 centimetres.
5, final-period management:
1. intertill and clean tillage: win honour for according to striving nutrient in order to reduce weeds and potato, remove the weed hosts that has identical damage by disease and insect with potato, improve the light and airing condition of potato plant aerial growth, reduce the generation of fungal disease, weeding in time after the neat seedling of potato.Generally weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge.
2. ridging: the weeding ridging 2～3 times of ploughing in general combination, plant envelope has been trained before ridge.Ridging is for the first time wanted early, be conducive to promote precocious, when 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earths up for the first time, earths up for the second time in squaring period, before plant blossom envelope ridge, has trained.It is high that ridging will be tried one's best, and is beneficial to potato piece and grows and expand, and prevent that stem tuber from exposing and turn green, affects edible quality and commodity.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest: in line with the policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", accomplish taking cultural control as basis, chemical control is auxiliary, multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures integrated use, and the one, select disease-resistant variety and virus-free seed potato, the 2nd, set up anosis seed field, the 3rd, strengthen rich water quality management, improve plant resistance against diseases, the 4th, by chemical control late blights such as safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali and Ridomil MZ Golds; By chemical control early blight such as 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock, 75% tpns; Carrying out foliage-spray with 100～2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil prevents eliminating aphis; 30～40 milliliters/mu of beta-cypermethrins selecting time of 2.5% or 4.5%, are watered 30 kilograms of spraying control ladybugs, and in order to reduce the drug-fast generation of agricultural chemicals, preferably various medicaments is used alternatingly.
4. results in good time: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, show that potato acrial part stops growing substantially, potato has reached physiological maturity, and the crop of stem tuber has reached maximum, but harvest time might not be in the maturing stage, in the time that market conditions are good sometimes.
The present invention, in conjunction with the nutrient uptake feature of potato, according to soil of different fertility feeder capability and yield target, determines the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the plant physiology problem of avoiding blindly fertilising and excessive fertilization to cause.Joined and executed by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, be organicly combined with inorganic phase, to there being irrigation conditions, relatively more sticky heavy soil, adopts ridging cultivation, and in conjunction with later stage intertillage, ridging, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, thereby effectively increase potato yield, reaches the efficient object of abridged edition.
Claims (10)
1. a cultivation method that improves loessal soil potato planted in autumn output, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The first step: select plot;
1) for middle fertility plot: select soil layer deep, short texture, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 21～36mg/kg, available phosphorus 6.3～9.74mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 96～115mg/kg;
2) for low fertility plot: select soil layer deep, short texture, soil nutrient is containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 15～20mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.80～6.2mg/kg, the plot of available potassium 86～105mg/kg;
Second step: for different fertility plot, correspondence is applied fertilizer;
1) for middle fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:5.3kg, P
2o
5: 2.3kg, K
2o:2.5kg;
2) for low fertility plot: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, pure nutrient N:4.2kg, P
2o
5: 2.1kg, K
2o:2.5kg;
The 3rd step, carries out whole ground to the plot after fertilising;
Spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer, poison bait in conjunction with machinery deep ploughing, plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, harrow immediately a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil;
The 4th step, precisely sowing on the plot through whole ground;
1) select breeding: select pale reddish brown white, No. seven, the Shanxi potato of virus-free seed potato, Longshu No.6;
2) vernalization seed dressing: spread healthy and strong potato seed out 2～3 layers, sun lights is shone and is made temperature remain on 10～15 degree, regularly stir, in the time that potato skin greening, eye are sprouted, use the cutter after sterilization that potato seed is cut into 30～45 grams, with the potato piece of 1～2 eye, talcum powder and thiophanate methyl seed dressing for potato piece;
3) dense planting sowing: 80～90 centimetres of row spacings, 20～25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu stays seedling 3000～3500 strains, and the serious area of arid mu stays seedling 2500～2800 strains and ridging not, and sowing depth is 10 centimetres; Seedtime in late May to early June;
The 5th step, field management;
1) intertill and clean tillage: remove the weeds that have identical damage by disease and insect with potato, weeding 2～3 times before plant envelope ridge;
2) ridging: earth up for the first time in the time of 15～20 centimetres of heights of seedling, earth up for the second time in squaring period, trained before plant blossom envelope ridge;
3) extermination of disease and insect pest: use chemical control early blight, late blight, aphid, ladybug;
4) results: when potato leaf is when flavescence turns withered gradually, gather in the crops.
2. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, superphosphate 55kg, urea 33kg or carbon ammonium 89kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
3. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, diammonium phosphate 14kg, urea 27kg or carbon ammonium 75kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
4. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for fertility plot in loessal soil in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, potato special fertilizer 50kg, boron fertilizer 1kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer, boron fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 12kg squaring period.
5. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 23kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 40% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
6. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 18kg, diammonium phosphate 13kg, potassium sulfate 10kg; Farmyard manure, 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and 50% nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed in squaring period.
7. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method adopting for the low fertility of loessal soil plot in described second step is: mu organic fertilizer 1000kg, the potato special fertilizer 50kg that content is 35%; Described potato special fertilizer N:P
2o
5: K
2o=13:12:10; Farmyard manure, potato special fertilizer sowing previous crops base manure apply, and impose urea 10kg squaring period.
8. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the 3rd described step, poison bait, for mu land used worm gram 1.5kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.1kg, stirs ripe wheat bran or millet 2～3kg.
9. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the 3rd described step, poison bait is Furadan 1.5～2kg for mu.
10. the cultivation method of raising loessal soil potato planted in autumn output according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the 5th described step, step 3) is prevented and treated early blight and selected 70% mancozeb, 64% virus killing rock or 75% tpn; Prevent and treat late blight and select safe and sound life, mancozeb, Yin Fali or Ridomil MZ Gold; Anti-eliminating aphis selects 100-2000 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid of 20% fenvalerate missible oil to carry out foliage-spray; Control ladybug is selected 30～40 milliliters/mu of the beta-cypermethrins of 2.5% time aqueous emulsion or 4.5%, is watered 30 kilograms and sprays.
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| CN104396411A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-03-11 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Integrated application method for potato fertilizer |
| CN105777314A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-07-20 | 姜汉军 | Potato seed-dressing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN105850478A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-17 | 许洪富 | Autumn potato high-yield planting method |
| CN107567999A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-12 | 蒲县昕源种业有限公司 | A kind of potato seedling disposable ridging cultural method before being unearthed |
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| CN109122148A (en) * | 2018-08-05 | 2019-01-04 | 贵港市德源贸易有限公司 | A kind of nuisanceless high yield cultivating method of three film of potato covering |
| CN110972868A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所 | Potato cultivation method for expanding ridges and shrinking plants |
| CN113170715A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | Soil for culturing potato seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105850478A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-17 | 许洪富 | Autumn potato high-yield planting method |
| CN107567999A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-12 | 蒲县昕源种业有限公司 | A kind of potato seedling disposable ridging cultural method before being unearthed |
| CN108029484A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of potato |
| CN108575629A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method reducing sweet potato small holes caused by worms rate |
| CN109122148A (en) * | 2018-08-05 | 2019-01-04 | 贵港市德源贸易有限公司 | A kind of nuisanceless high yield cultivating method of three film of potato covering |
| CN110972868A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所 | Potato cultivation method for expanding ridges and shrinking plants |
| CN113170715A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | Soil for culturing potato seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140820 |