CN103478117B - The diffusion breeding method for releasing of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid - Google Patents
The diffusion breeding method for releasing of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid Download PDFInfo
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- CN103478117B CN103478117B CN201310366605.8A CN201310366605A CN103478117B CN 103478117 B CN103478117 B CN 103478117B CN 201310366605 A CN201310366605 A CN 201310366605A CN 103478117 B CN103478117 B CN 103478117B
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Abstract
A diffusion breeding method for releasing for harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, be the breeding carrying out cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy fly net (7) covers; Adopt floating method to cultivate cigarette seedling, when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves to cigarette seedling, band aphid tobacco leaf is put on cigarette seedling and cigarette aphid is bred; Then female for the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition, male imago are put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food cigarette aphid, mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, or directly collect low instar larvae, or sprout wings under pupa being fetched room temperature after larvae pupation, the adult of emergence is fed with cigarette aphid and is placed on refrigerator cold-storage preservation; Afterwards harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are put into low instar larvae transport releasing device (9) or adult transport releasing device (10), at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100 ~ 120 than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into field.The present invention can significantly improve harmonia axyridia proliferative speed, utilizes harmonia axyridia to prevent and treat cigarette aphid, strengthens field pest controlling efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological control, particularly utilize harmonia axyridia to prevent and treat the method for cigarette aphid.
Background technology
The leaf tobacco production of current China enters new developing period, and Ge Yan district all in the mode of production according to " ecology, safety, characteristic, high-quality, efficient ", makes Ecological Feature sound tobacco raw material site, to promote quality of tobacco further.But tobacco establishing in large scale brings acid test to the control of damage by disease and insect.Cigarette aphid is one of important pests of harm tobacco leaf, and its thorn smoking grass juice factor liquid causes yellow leaf to be crispaturaed and even is out of shape withered, not only affects cigarette strain growth, still propagates the important medium of mosaic disease simultaneously, have a strong impact on the quality and yield of tobacco.Past uses chemical pesticide control more, easily causes the enhancing of cigarette aphid resistance, agricultural chemical residue in tobacco and the deterioration of the ecological environment.For this reason, people start discussion gradually and utilize biological natural enemy as control cigarette aphids such as harmonia axyridias, effectively to control the population density of field cigarette aphid, reduce Pesticide use, improve quality and the safety of tobacco leaf.
Harmonia axyridia is a kind of distributed more widely, comparatively general predatory natural enemy insect, and it has stronger environmental suitability, the multiple aphid of eating.At present about the correlation technique of ladybug propagating and breeding relates to artificial feed and plantation host plant etc. more.There is the unbalanced problem of some nutrition in artificial feed, easily occurs the phenomenons such as fertility reduces, polypide is less after many generation raisings.The time-consuming work consuming of plantation host plant is simultaneously by the restriction of site area.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve prior art Problems existing, propose a kind of diffusion breeding method for releasing significantly improving the harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid of harmonia axyridia proliferative speed, utilize harmonia axyridia to prevent and treat cigarette aphid, strengthen field pest controlling efficiency.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A diffusion breeding method for releasing for harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, step is as follows:
A () carries out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy fly net covers; Adopt floating method to cultivate cigarette seedling, when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves to cigarette seedling, band aphid tobacco leaf is put on cigarette seedling and cigarette aphid is bred; Then female for the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition, male imago are put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food cigarette aphid, mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, or directly collect low instar larvae, or sprout wings under pupa being fetched room temperature after larvae pupation, the adult of emergence is fed with cigarette aphid and is placed on refrigerator cold-storage preservation;
B harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are put into low instar larvae transport releasing device or adult transport releasing device by (), at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100 ~ 120 than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into field.
Diffusion breeding canopy of the present invention includes the disjunctor frame of band ridged ceiling and the plastic film of periphery, ceiling is coated with sunshade net, at least two the diffusion propagation houses mutually separated are provided with in canopy, the fly net that each diffusion propagation house comprises bottom nursery pond and covers on nursery pond, is provided with drift dish in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house.Described fly net adopts mosquito-curtain type opening.Brick bridge is provided with in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house.Described low instar larvae is the larva in 2 ~ 3 ages.In above-mentioned steps (b), the releasing device of low instar larvae is cube box body, through wires hole is offered at box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope one end system has cotton-wool and tens of the fluffy thin paper slips rubbing wrinkle to be also suspended from box body through through wires hole, box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening of uniform air-vent, box body bottom surface is equipped with the scraps of paper, the scraps of paper is covered with the feed for larval feeding; The releasing device of adult is also cube box body, and box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole, and anchor line (string) rope one end is that the cotton-wool having gauze to encase also is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening of uniform air-vent.When cigarette aphid amount reaches about 10 ~ 12 heads/plant on cigarette seedling, in time band aphid tobacco leaf is transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness, and keeps diffusion breeding temperature of shed 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 60% ~ 75%.In above-mentioned steps (a), when on cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400 ~ 500 heads/plant, in 1:10000 ~ 12000 wooden dipper aphid than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: male worm is that the ratio of 5:2 puts into fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is developed to low instar larvae, and the insect box being placed with fresh band aphid tobacco leaf is for subsequent use; Or directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in temperature 25 ± 2 DEG C, treat that it is sprouted wings under humidity 70 ± 5% condition, the adult sprouted wings adds the cotton balls soaked with the hydromel that concentration is 15%, in 10 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages after feeding, within every 7 ~ 10 days, add a hydromel, within 19 ~ 21 days, change a cotton balls.
The present invention at least has the following advantages:
(1) can Larva Harmonia Axyridis be realized and adult discharges simultaneously, make up adult and easily to fly everywhere diffusion, the deficiency that larva drug resistance is slightly poor, also can according to the needs of reality release, for different crops, environment, selected reproduction larva or adult.
(2) diffusion breeding canopy is built simple and easy, and detachably, insulation of being obturaged by film during low temperature, dispels the heat the film pull-up of middle and lower part, side during high temperature.The fly net of diffusion propagation house is mosquito-curtain type opening, conveniently passes in and out and closes, prevent insect from flying into or escape.Set brick bridge convenient operation personnel stand to carry out the collection of the management of cigarette seedling and Pediobius foveolatus, pupa.
(3) the present invention adopts the numerous aphid technology of floating seedlings, and the breeding for harmonia axyridia provides excellent food source and living environment.Floating seedlings saves space, and adopts cigarette aphid as main food source, connects aphid numerous aphid seedling stage and is directly used in raising harmonia axyridia, simple to operate and be easy to management.Cigarette aphid is the Aphid Species of harmonia axyridia addicted to food on the one hand, is also food domestication harmonia axyridia being carried out to early stage on the other hand, strengthens the predation preference to cigarette aphid after being convenient to be discharged into vega.
(4) the present invention is according to the biological property of harmonia axyridia different developmental phases, selects to collect polypide not eating motionless pupa time, and the new adult sprouted wings can deepfreeze supplement the nutrients by first feeding and improve survival rate.Select larva and adult during release, because its predatory number is large, mobility is strong, can resist certain adverse circumstances, give full play to pest control effect.
(5) larva used in the present invention or adult transport releasing device rational in infrastructure, can solve ladybug nutrition in transit, ventilative, keeping off the rain in release, the problem such as anti-extrusion, improve deliver viable rate, simplify method for releasing simultaneously, improve release efficiency.
The environment of mating breeding under the inventive method simulation harmonia axyridia natural conditions, runs through harmonia axyridia diffusion breeding, dispose procedure, can significantly improve the proliferative speed of harmonia axyridia, strengthen field pest controlling efficiency simultaneously.The present invention can reduce the use of chemical pesticide, preserves the ecological environment, and effectively improves the efficiency of field control cigarette aphid, is a kind of economic, efficient biological control method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of diffusion breeding canopy;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of diffusion propagation house in diffusion breeding canopy;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Larva Harmonia Axyridis transport releasing device;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis transport releasing device.
Embodiment
A diffusion breeding method for releasing for harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, method step is as follows:
A () carries out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy fly net 7 covers; Adopt floating method to cultivate cigarette seedling, when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves to cigarette seedling, band aphid tobacco leaf is put on cigarette seedling and cigarette aphid is bred; Then female for the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition, male imago are put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food cigarette aphid, mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, or directly collect low instar larvae, or sprout wings under pupa being fetched room temperature after larvae pupation, the adult of emergence is fed with cigarette aphid and is placed on refrigerator cold-storage preservation; Described band aphid tobacco leaf refers to the tobacco leaf that aphid breeds;
B () selects healthy harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult puts into low instar larvae transport releasing device 9 or adult transport releasing device 10, at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by ladybug: cigarette aphid is that the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100 ~ 120 is than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into field.The low instar larvae selecting release requires that Individual Size, creep speed are normal, after new emerging adult touching creep speed normal, not slow, jolt, rock, without disconnected foot, front and rear wing is without incomplete, lopsided.
Diffusion breeding canopy as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, includes the plastic film 3 of disjunctor frame 1 and periphery.Disjunctor frame comprises ridged ceiling, two sides and two end faces, wherein canopy wall middle and lower part is with fly net, outside plastic film can pull-up, ceiling is coated with sunshade net 4, be provided with at least two the diffusion propagation houses 8 mutually separated in canopy, the present embodiment is the two row's diffusion propagation houses arranged side by side separated, the fly net 7 that each diffusion propagation house comprises bottom nursery pond 2 and covers on nursery pond, fly net adopts mosquito-curtain type opening, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house, be provided with drift dish 5.Nursery pond is surrounded by double-layered thickened plastic film, and surrounding is fixed on frame, and plastic film and joint, fly net bottom clip are closely buckled on frame.Placing the brick bridge 6 that two hollow bricks are barricaded as in the middle of each nursery pond, neatly arranges nursery drift dish 5 in both sides.
Adopt the inventive method, in above-mentioned steps (a), being evenly placed on diffusion Propagated Plantlets after kind of the leaf harvest of aphid plant, when on cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches about 10 ~ 12 heads/plant, in time band aphid tobacco leaf is transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness, and keep diffusion breeding temperature of shed 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 60% ~ 75%.When on cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400 ~ 500 heads/plant, in ladybug: cigarette aphid be 1:10000 ~ 12000 wooden dipper aphid than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: male worm is that the ratio of 5:2 puts into fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is developed to low instar larvae, and the insect box being placed with fresh band aphid tobacco leaf is for subsequent use; Or directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in temperature 25 ± 2 DEG C, treat that it is sprouted wings under humidity 70 ± 5% condition, the adult sprouted wings is raised fresh cigarette aphid in insect box, adds the cotton balls soaked with the hydromel that concentration is 15% after 5 ~ 7 days, in 10 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages, within every 7 ~ 10 days, add a hydromel, within 19 ~ 21 days, change a cotton balls.Low instar larvae can be collected with the writing brush picking soaked, and pupa can be adopted down together with blade.
(temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C under diffuse normal Reproduction Conditions, humidity 60% ~ 75%), harmonia axyridia from take food mating to lay eggs needs 5 ~ 7 days, egg hatching about 3 ~ 4 days, hatching is developed to low instar larvae 4 ~ 5 days, to pupating 12 ~ 15 days, 4 ~ 5 days pupa time, from ovum to the whole growth and development stage of new emerging adult 19 ~ 24 days.New emerging adult can refrigerate 45 ~ 60 days, and survival rate is more than 90%.
Such as coil 162 hole drift dishes by each diffusion propagation house eight to calculate, temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C, under humidity 50% ~ 75% condition, when cigarette aphid breeds to every strain 400 ~ 500, discharge about 30 Haxyridis female and male adults, can collect 2 ~ 3 instar larvae 600 ~ 800 after general 12 ~ 16 days, can collect first batch of pupa 300 ~ 350 after 20 ~ 26 days, eclosion rate reaches more than 90%.Later stage constantly can supplement band aphid tobacco leaf, and the breeding allowing cigarette aphid keep certain, impels ladybug to continue to lay eggs, to obtain next group larva and pupa.
Low instar larvae of the present invention is generally the larva about 2 ~ 3 ages.The releasing device of low instar larvae is illustrated in figure 3 cube box body, through wires hole 9-2 is offered at box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope 9-1 one end system has cotton-wool 9-3 and tens of the fluffy thin paper slip 9-4 rubbing wrinkle to be also suspended from box body through through wires hole, box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening 9-5 of uniform air-vent 9-6, box body bottom surface is equipped with scraps of paper 9-7, the scraps of paper is covered with the feed 9-8 for larval feeding.During use during larva transport releasing device, by the cotton-wool 9-3 of good for bolt line and thin paper slip 9-4 through through wires hole 9-2, slightly be screwed onto after soaking into cotton-wool with clear water and do not drip, thin paper slip rubs wrinkle makes it fluffy, Pediobius foveolatus is put into box body, general every box can fill larva can fill 50, is taken advantage of a situation by anchor line (string) rope 9-1 to be wound on box body to be convenient to transport around.The releasing device of adult is also cube box body as shown in Figure 4, box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole 10-2, anchor line (string) rope 10-1 one end is that the cotton-wool 10-4 having gauze to encase also is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening 10-5 of uniform air-vent 10-6.When using adult transport releasing device, through wires hole 10-2 is passed after the cotton-wool 10-4 of good for bolt line being stamped toe-in 10-3, slightly be screwed onto after soaking into cotton-wool with hydromel and do not drip, ladybug is put into box body, general every box can dress up worm 80-100 head, anchor line (string) rope 10-1 is taken advantage of a situation and is wound in around on box body, after cotton-wool soaks into hydromel, general 3 ~ 4 days are namely air-dry, if transport or the resting period longer, usable syringes injects hydromel to supplement its nutrition from air-vent to cotton-wool, increase ladybug survival probability.Low instar larvae transport releasing device and adult transport releasing device box body can adopt the material of brown paper one class to manufacture, not only environmental protection breathable but also be convenient to store transport, and with low cost.During release, by anchor line (string) rope bolt at cigarette strain middle and upper part stem and axil place, will try one's best near plant in fixing position, avoid unsettled, open disposable push type opening, namely ladybug climbs out of voluntarily or fly out and look for food.
Following table be the different releasing ratio of harmonia axyridia to the control efficiency of cigarette aphid, it is as shown in the table, and when wooden dipper aphid is than during for 1:100 ~ 120, preventive effect is respectively 63.0% and 51.7%, meets preventive effect and cost control requirement.
Claims (7)
1. a diffusion breeding method for releasing for harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
A () carries out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy fly net (7) covers; Adopt floating method to cultivate cigarette seedling, when having 5 ~ 6 true leaves to cigarette seedling, band aphid tobacco leaf is put on cigarette seedling and cigarette aphid is bred; Then female for the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition, male imago are put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food cigarette aphid, mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, or directly collect low instar larvae, or sprout wings under pupa being fetched room temperature after larvae pupation, the adult of emergence is fed with cigarette aphid and is placed on refrigerator cold-storage preservation;
B harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are put into low instar larvae transport releasing device (9) or adult transport releasing device (10) by (), in field, cigarette aphid initial stage of origination is discharged into field by the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100 ~ 120 than by harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult; The releasing device of described low instar larvae is cube box body, through wires hole (9-2) is offered at box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope (9-1) one end system have cotton-wool (9-3) and tens of fluffy rub wrinkle thin paper slip (9-4) and pass through wires hole and be suspended from box body, box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening (9-5) of uniform air-vent (9-6), box body bottom surface is equipped with the scraps of paper (9-7), the scraps of paper is covered with the feed (9-8) for larval feeding; The releasing device of adult is also cube box body, box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole (10-2), anchor line (string) rope (10-1) one end is the cotton-wool (10-4) that has gauze to encase and is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body side is provided with the disposable push type opening (10-5) of uniform air-vent (10-6).
2. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described diffusion breeding canopy includes the disjunctor frame (1) of band ridged ceiling and the plastic film (3) of periphery, ceiling is coated with sunshade net (4), at least two diffusions propagation house (8) of mutually separating are provided with in canopy, the fly net (7) that each diffusion propagation house comprises bottom nursery pond (2) and covers on nursery pond, is provided with drift dish (5) in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house (8).
3. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 2, and it is characterized in that, described fly net (7) adopts mosquito-curtain type opening.
4. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house (8), is provided with brick bridge (6).
5. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that, described low instar larvae is the larva in 2 ~ 3 ages.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, it is characterized in that, when on cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 10 ~ 12 heads/plant, in time band aphid tobacco leaf is transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness, and keep diffusion breeding temperature of shed 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 60% ~ 75%.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned steps (a), when on cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400 ~ 500 heads/plant, in 1:10000 ~ 12000 wooden dipper aphid than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: male worm is that the ratio of 5:2 puts into fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is developed to low instar larvae, and the insect box being placed with fresh band aphid tobacco leaf is for subsequent use; Or directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in temperature 25 ± 2 DEG C, treat that it is sprouted wings under humidity 70 ± 5% condition, the adult sprouted wings adds the cotton balls soaked with the hydromel that concentration is 15%, in 10 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages after feeding, within every 7 ~ 10 days, add a hydromel, within 19 ~ 21 days, change a cotton balls.
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