CN103155906A - Aphidoletes aphidimyza mass reproduction technology and application technology - Google Patents
Aphidoletes aphidimyza mass reproduction technology and application technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial reproduction technological process and a method of application of aphidoletes aphidimyza. An aphidoletes aphidimyza mass reproduction technology and an application technology are characterized in that pea aphids, pea repaired tail aphids and aphis craccivora koch are reproduced massively by adopting broad beans, and the aphidoletes aphidimyza is reproduced by utilizing the pea aphids, the pea repaired tail aphids and the aphis craccivora koch. The aphidoletes aphidimyza mass reproduction technology and the application technology comprise the following processes: net seedlings are planted, aphids are raised, the aphidoletes aphidimyza is raised, old larvae are collected, and the larvae are saved in the pupal period. Adults are applied to field application and expanding reproduction after eclosion. An efficient and superior method technological process for reproducing aphidoletes aphidimyza is developed so as to solve the to-be-solved problems, and the method that the aphidoletes aphidimyza is used to prevent and control aphids can play a proper role in safe production of vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods and applications technology of the artificial propagation of a kind of Cecidomyiidae insect, particularly a kind ofly eat the Method and process flow process that the aphid cecidomyiia breeds in batches, belong to the biological prevention field of pest.
Background technology
Food aphid cecidomyiia (
Aphidoletes aphidimyza) be a kind of predator of aphid, this worm can prey on 61 kinds of aphids on Different Crop according to the literature, comprising many important pest, as black peach aphid, repair tail aphid, cotten aphid, bean aphid, radish aphid, cabbage aphid, spiraea aphid etc.This worm is larger to aphid lethality, and every larva not only can take food aphid 50 bulls all one's life, and when aphid density is high, is stung the lethal aphid of suction more.As far back as 1916, Davis just pointed out to eat a kind of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion controlling elements with very large potential value that the aphid cecidomyiia is aphid.
In China, the report that just has food aphid cecidomyiia to distribute as far back as the forties, but report seldom about the research of this worm.I the food aphid cecidomyiia that produces from Canadian Introduced From Abroad commercialization, carried out Primary Study work, and the food aphid cecidomyiia population quantity in Beijing, control effect, biological property and the breeding application technology in field studied.Result shows that Beijing food aphid cecidomyiia is better than Canada food aphid cecidomyiia at aspects such as male and female ratio, adaptability.
We are by the research to some guardian technique in food aphid cecidomyiia artificial propagation process, develop numerous mosquito technology path and the field application technology of a cover high-efficiency high-quality, to solve problem demanding prompt solution in production practices, make the anti-due effect of performance in vegetable safety is produced that eliminates aphis of food aphid cecidomyiia that utilizes.
The present invention and application number are that 20061002522.9 patent is compared and had the following advantages: 1, host plant is commercial broad bean, and is cheap, and plantation is simple, and fast growth the aphid amount large;
2, bean aphid, pea tail reparing aphid, acyrthosiphum pisim are fast than the corn leaf aphids rate of development, and breeding amount is large, three kinds of aphids separately or mix to raise and all can breed food aphid cecidomyiia, and the ability of high-and low-temperature resistance is strong.Pea tail reparing aphid, acyrthosiphum pisim are individual large, and numerous mosquito ratio is high, has the escape habit, move to connect conveniently.
3, food aphid cecidomyiia carries out experiment and demonstration to pest control effect and the field application technology of aphid.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide method and technological process and the field application technology of a kind of efficient batch breeding food aphid cecidomyiia, the host plant of employing is broad bean, and the vector insect is acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid.
The acyrthosiphum pisim that the present invention chooses, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid main harm leguminous plant, can parasitize the broad bean seedling, and broad bean has and obtains easily, but crop cycle short high-density planting, the characteristics such as the aphid amount is large, can be used for the amount reproduction aphid, simultaneously acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid also have frightened after, Elder nymph with become aphid usually by the habit that falls escape on plant, move in raising connect easy to operate, therefore we determine with acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid as the best prey of raising food aphid cecidomyiia, with the broad bean seedling as best host plant.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Method and the application of a kind of artificial propagation food aphid cecidomyiia is characterized in that adopting broad bean large-scale breeding acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid, with acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid breeding food aphid cecidomyiia, comprise following process:
Clean seedling cultivation: select Broad Bean Seeds to grow seedlings, first emerge in worm water seed before sowing, after rudiment, sowing is in cultivation matrix;
Raise aphid: the clean seedling that will cultivate moves to supports the aphid chamber, connects acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid aphid, aphid for become, the nymph mixed population;
Raise food aphid cecidomyiia: will be moved into by the fully parasitic broad bean seedling of aphid and connect the mosquito cage 24 hours every day, allow food aphid cecidomyiia fully lay eggs, and replenish simultaneously kind of a mosquito 500-600 head every 1-2 days; Move to the insectary after the seedling that has connect food aphid cecidomyiia takes out, the temperature of supporting the mosquito chamber is 19-23 ℃, relative moisture 55-75%, and cecidomyiia grows to mature larva;
Collecting mature larva and pupa time preserves: mature larva has the habit that breaks away from plant, bounces and bury and pupate, in its bullet the previous day from plant, the acrial part of broad bean seedling is cut, be placed on the plastic crate of back-off, the basket back-off is placed in the ceramic whiteware dish, puts into approximately 1.5 centimetres of dark clear water in porcelain dish, mature larva namely bounces or climbs into and is convenient to collect in the container of pupating in water, pupate in container, the matrix of pupating to be housed, put into illumination box and pupate, enter the storage stage;
Can be used for expanding propagation and field after adult eclosion discharges: be used for field release control aphid, can directly be placed on being about to grow to the pupa of adult the plot that aphid occurs, will seek aphid after adult eclosion and lay eggs with assembling.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to make according to following research:
At first the present patent application people has done intensive research to Current Occurrence Situation and the life habit of Beijing area food aphid goitre;
One, Current Occurrence Situation and the life habit of Beijing area food aphid goitre
1, pests occurrence rule: food aphid cecidomyiia is the common natural enemy of aphid in Beijing area, is distributed widely in the environment such as farmland, field of vegetables, orchard and greenery patches.In the Beijing area emergence period be in annual April, the last ten-days period in the last ten-days period to October, larger June, July and September quantity to occur.
2, adult life habit: food aphid cecidomyiia is liked perching in dark moist environment by adult, adult eclosion concentrates on afternoon 16 mostly up to midnight, lays eggs many at night, and being generally that simple grain is loose produces, can many clusters when aphid density is higher, in the time of at most, cluster can be produced more than 10 ovum.Nature male and female ratio is generally higher than 1.7: 1, and Life of Adult is about 3-18 days, and in a general approximately week, longevity of male is shorter.
3, larva life habit: newly hatched larvae can be creeped after several minutes in hatching, finds after aphid with mouthpart and thrusts the aphid body by the intersegmental membrane of aphid feeler, chest, foot and belly, will take food after aphid anesthesia.When aphid density was high, the Aphed population that kills took food aphid far above actual.Mature larva is reached maturity rear " spring " to ground, pierces in soil and pupates.
4, pupa habit: first tie a thin cocoon before larvae pupation, pupate successively through the prepupal period of 2 days in cocoon.Pupa generally is distributed in 1 centimetre of dark topsoil.
Two, Aphid Species and host plant thereof are to the research in food aphid cecidomyiia artificial propagation flow process
Aphid Species and host plant: for selecting the host aphid of suitable food aphid cecidomyiia, we study the biological property of the aphids such as black peach aphid, radish aphid, corn leaf aphids, wheat aphid, melon aphid, bean aphid, acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, simultaneously the crops such as corresponding host plant such as Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, wheat, corn, cucumber, broad bean are carried out indoor plantation, cultivate flow process to the impact of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia with host plant relatively.Result shows black peach aphid, radish aphid, the melon aphid can be in indoor amount reproduction, raising, but it is many that its host plant-Chinese cabbage, cucumber take up room, wild cabbage, large green pepper growth cycle is long, workload is large, the corn leaf aphids development duration is long, the ability of high-and low-temperature resistance, host plant is relatively single, is not suitable for amount reproduction.Acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid main harm leguminous plant can parasitize the broad bean seedling.All can complete growth after food aphid cecidomyiia takes food these three kinds of aphids, and can normally breed.
Simultaneously acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid also have frightened after, Elder nymph with become aphid usually by the habit that falls escape on plant, move in raising connect easy to operate.And broad bean has and obtains easily, but crop cycle short high-density planting, the characteristics such as the aphid amount is large, can be used for the amount reproduction aphid, therefore, we determine with the broad bean seedling as best host plant, eat the best prey of aphid cecidomyiia as raising with acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid, and to the breeding technologies of three kinds of aphids, the impact of aphid on food aphid cecidomyiia Adult worms producting eggs, temperature is on food aphid cecidomyiia Adult worms producting eggs amount and the impact in life-span, and storage medium carries out careful research to the impact of adult eclosion rate etc.
Three, the field discharges food aphid cecidomyiia to the control effect research of black peach aphid
In plastic tunnel in broccoli ground, when aphid occurs, with gauze, broccoli is isolated some residential quarters, according to the occurrence degree of aphid, discharge respectively 1 bottle, 2 bottles, 3 bottles food aphid cecidomyiia adults, every bottle approximately 500, discharged 1 time every 3 days, discharge altogether 5 times, investigate weekly aphis population quantity, compare with the check plot, determine that food aphid cecidomyiia to the control effect of aphid, the results are shown in following table.
Result can be found out from table: after discharging food aphid cecidomyiia adult, four kinds of processing Aphed population in 14 days all is in ascent stage, after 14 days along with the growth of food aphid cecidomyiia larva predation amount and the continuous increase of quantity, the Aphed population that discharges the district has begun to descend, but the worm amount in blank district still continues to increase.after the 21st day because the plant strain growth gesture weakens, partial blade is withered, the insect population quantity of four kinds of processing all is in downward trend, illustrate thus in the anti-effect that eliminates aphis of protection ground application food aphid cecidomyiia remarkable, but it is slow to take effect, so this method should not be as emergency measure, suitable to aphid low-density or initial stage of origination use, this is due to after discharging food aphid cecidomyiia adult, the preoviposition period of needing experience, the very low low instar larvae of ovum phase and food ingestion is after the phase, food aphid cecidomyiia larva could prey on or kill and wound aphid in a large number, so excessive or when occuring greatly when aphid density, unsuitable this measure of single use, in order to avoid aphid excessively fast passage, cause crop yield loss.
Propagation technique of the present invention all adopts the propagating materials of domestic easy acquisition, easy and simple to handle, easily grasp, and the present invention selects the broad bean seedling to do host plant, acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid all can be on broad bean amount reproduction, and can satisfy the growth of food aphid cecidomyiia, can connect mosquito in 10-15 days after broadcasting, can complete the growth cycle of cecidomyiia in 20 days, and approximately 0.26 yuan of every basket of cost of broad bean of the present invention, can numerous mosquito 4000-5000 head.So the broad bean seedling growth cycle that the present invention selects is short, and cost is low, and processing ease.
Embodiment
In view of above-mentioned, by a large amount of research with grope, the invention provides the cecidomyiia artificial propagation of a kind of food aphid and application technical research, carry out for the resource investigation of China aphid food aphid cecidomyiia and Biological control of aphid and established good basis.Concrete Reproduction method is as follows:
1, clean seedling cultivation
1.1 seed selection and vernalization: select germination rate higher, plant that grain is full, thousand kernel weight approximately the Broad Bean Seeds of 1.8-1.9 kilogram grow seedlings.Before sowing, first seed soaking 1-2 days in 21-23 ℃ of warm water, outwell water after seed fully suctions water, is contained in plastic basin, builds with wet gauze, and seed germination approximately can begin sowing during 0.5 centimetre of left and right.
1.2 cultivation method: cultivation matrix in 1:2 ratio mixing, also can add a small amount of perlite and soil with careless carbon, vermiculite.Be in the plastic crate of 30 * 20 * 12 centimetres with the length * wide * height of packing into of the cultivating soil after mixing, highly approximately 8 centimetres, dress soil, every basket of sowing 30-40 grain.For making broad bean seedling robust growth, water (containing magnesium sulfate 0.2 gram, potassium nitrate 0.6 gram, nitrate of lime 0.5 gram in 1 liter of nutrient solution until completely dissolved, then add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4 gram) with being mixed with nutrient solution.
2, raise aphid
The clean seedling that cultivates is moved to support the aphid chamber, adopt vibration to connect the aphid method, aphid is fallen on the broad bean seedling, every basket of seedling connects aphid 2000-3000 head, aphid for become, the nymph mixed population.Cultivate aphid chamber illumination and should remain on about 14 hours every day, the natural lighting time is when being shorter than 12 hours, applying biological effect lamp additional illumination.Connect after aphid approximately 3 days aphids stable taking food on seedling, and become aphid to begin to breed on plant, can produce more aphid honeydew, state just in time connect and ate the aphid cecidomyiia this moment, and honeydew is as eating aphid cecidomyiia Adult supplement nutrient material, and can attract cecidomyiia to lay eggs.
3, raise food aphid cecidomyiia
3.1 being connected into worm lays eggs: will be moved into by the fully parasitic broad bean seedling of aphid and connect the mosquito cage 24 hours every day, allow food aphid cecidomyiia fully lay eggs, and the rear employing vibratory drilling method of laying eggs is driven away adult, replenish simultaneously kind of a mosquito 500-600 head every 1-2 days.
Move to the insectary 3.2 connect after the seedling of cecidomyiia takes out, the temperature of insectary is 19-23 ℃, and relative moisture 55-75%, light application time are 14 hours, waters in good time, and keeps ventilating, and approximately 6-7 days cecidomyiias grow to mature larva.
4, collecting mature larva and pupa time preserves
In mature larva bullet the previous day from plant, the acrial part of broad bean seedling is cut, be placed on the length of back-off * wide * height and be on the plastic crate of 30 * 18 * 7 centimetres, it is 50 * 35 * 5 ceramic whiteware dish that the basket back-off is placed in length * wide * height, put into approximately 1.5 centimetres of dark clear water in porcelain dish, mature larva namely bounces or climbs into and is convenient in water collect in plastic bottle, collects mature larva every day one time.
The container of pupating can be used plastic bottle, discharges also available packaging bag with performance of keeping humidity for convenience of the field.First pack in bottle high approximately 2 centimetres of vermiculites or careless carbon with in cecidomyiia mature larva inhaler, and suitably drip a little water with suction pipe, prick a small amount of pinprick on bottle cap, put into illumination box after building and let alone to pupate, and enter the storage stage.The incubator light application time is 14 hours, and temperature can be set according to the time of field needs foods aphid cecidomyiia, approximately sprouts wings in 10 days under 23 ℃, nextly needs 20-25 days at 15 ℃, can preserve 2 months under 4-5 ℃ of dark condition, and eclosion rate still reaches more than 70%.
Can be used for expanding propagation after adult eclosion, as being used for field release control aphid, can directly be placed on being about to grow to the pupa of adult the plot that aphid occurs, will seek aphid after adult eclosion and lay eggs with assembling.
According to the production procedure of above-mentioned food aphid cecidomyiia, with acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, the bean aphid prey as food aphid cecidomyiia, in the greenhouse and the insectary according to from seedling, connect aphid, connect mosquito, receive mosquito and carry out a whole set of flow test.Method is the adult mosquito that newly sprouts wings to be put into connect the mosquito cage, put into respectively one basket of broad bean seedling that is connected to aphid at the 1st day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, in the chamber cultivation of foster mosquito, add up the pupa number of collecting, and record duration of test insectary daily mean temperature and humidity after taking out.
As can be seen from the results: food aphid cecidomyiia Adult worms producting eggs peak period after emergence 1-4 days, the mature larva of collecting accounts for 82.3% of total borer population, wherein the 1st day the highest, reach 4700, slightly descend later on, but fall is little, still reached 4100 on the 4th day, the amplitude of laying eggs in the time of the 5th day descends more, is only 600 in the time of the 6th day, and the result of the test of this result and temperature and Life of Adult and egg laying amount matches.
Result of the test shows under 22.6 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, relative moisture 45.5% condition, after 1600 food aphid cecidomyiia adults of disposable input, access one basket of aphid every day, connect continuously 6 baskets, can collect 20100 of food aphid cecidomyiia pupas, the breeding ratio is about 1:12, and completing a cover production procedure required time is 21 days, during higher than this temperature, will shorten numerous mosquito time when daily mean temperature.
5, technological difficulties and the processing method in the breeding
5.1 broad bean Seedling Diseases: in summer high temperature season, disease easily occurs in the broad bean seedling, usually causes rotten dead seedling, and when serious, death rate can reach 100%, and disease symptom is root and near stem's blackening of root, finds should in time process after this symptom, prevents disease spread.But plastic crate is processed with 2000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wet-milling and was soaked one day, and cultivation matrix can be mixed soil with 50% carbendazim, and consumption is 200 gram/rice
3, and suitably for supporting the seedling room cooling.
5.2 other natural enemies of aphid: when raising the aphid process, syrphus fly, aphid chalcid fly are the Natural Enemies that affects the aphid breeding, these two kinds of natural enemies scramble for food with food aphid cecidomyiia, often consume a large amount of aphids, cause food aphid cecidomyiia deprivation of food and depauperation or hungry dead.Therefore, available gauze is sealed up the ventilation, not only can prevent the natural enemy intrusion but also can guarantee to ventilate.
5.3 the diapause of aphid: aphid easily produces diapause under low temperature, the short photoenvironment of impression, when light application time is shorter than 12 hours, in good time light filling, can carry out light filling with bio-effect lamp at post sunset, and light application time is not shorter than 14 hours.In summer, because the heat-resisting ability of pea tail reparing aphid, acyrthosiphum pisim is poor, when excess Temperature, population quantity sharply descends, should strengthen management, and suitably cooling, and carry out conservation so that the aphid of the late summer of q.s during amount reproduction.Because the bean aphid heat-resisting ability is stronger, available bean aphid is food as a supplement.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the food aphid cecidomyiia flow chart of propagation technique in batches.
Claims (6)
1. the method for the batch production of food aphid cecidomyiia and application, is characterized in that adopting broad bean large-scale breeding acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid, with acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid breeding food aphid cecidomyiia, comprises following process:
(1) clean seedling cultivation: select Broad Bean Seeds to grow seedlings, first use the emerge in worm water seed before sowing, after rudiment, sowing is in cultivation matrix;
(2) raise aphid: the clean seedling that will cultivate moves to supports the aphid chamber, connects acyrthosiphum pisim, pea tail reparing aphid, bean aphid, aphid for become, the nymph mixed population;
(3) raise food aphid cecidomyiia: the broad bean seedling that will be connected to aphid every day moved into and connect the mosquito cage 24 hours, allows food aphid cecidomyiia fully lay eggs, and replenished simultaneously kind of a mosquito 500-600 head every 1-2 days; Move to after the seedling that has connect food aphid cecidomyiia takes out and support the mosquito chamber, the temperature of supporting the mosquito chamber is 21-23 ℃, relative moisture 55-75%, and cecidomyiia grows to mature larva the food aphid;
(4) collecting mature larva and pupa time preserves: will cut with the acrial part of the broad bean seedling of mature larva, be placed on plastic crate, the basket back-off is placed in the ceramic whiteware dish, put into approximately 1.5 centimetres of dark clear water in porcelain dish, mature larva namely bounces or climbs in water, the mature larva income is equipped with pupates to preserve in the container of matrix, enter the storage stage;
(5) be used for expanding propagation and field application after adult eclosion: directly be placed on the plot of aphid generation or connect the mosquito case being about to grow to the pupa of adult, will seek aphid after adult eclosion and lay eggs with assembling, be used for field release control aphid and expanding propagation.
2. a kind of method of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia according to claim 1, is characterized in that described broad bean cultivation matrix is careless carbon+vermiculite+soil.
3. a kind of method of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia according to claim 1, is characterized in that described foster aphid room temperature scope control at 15 ~ 27 ℃, and illumination should remain on 12-16 hour every day.
4. a kind of method of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of described foster mosquito chamber is controlled at 19-23 ℃.
5. a kind of method of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia according to claim 1, is characterized in that the storage matrix of described food aphid cecidomyiia pupa is vermiculite, and preservation humidity is 40-80%.
6. a kind of method of breeding food aphid cecidomyiia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described mosquito cage that connects made by aluminium alloy or wood, the front is glass sliding door, in door, a yarn curtain is arranged, and the cage surrounding is covered by gauze, the bottom is hardboard, divide up and down two-layer, middle by aluminum strip or batten separately, leave certain space between aluminum strip, the upper strata is used for placing the plastic crate that is connected to the broad bean seedling, and lower floor discharges adult mosquito.
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| CN104304193A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-28 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Aphidoletes aphidimyza diapause induction method and application thereof to production of aphidoletes aphidimyza |
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