CN104604809A - Biological control method using encarsia formosa for controlling tobacco whitefly - Google Patents
Biological control method using encarsia formosa for controlling tobacco whitefly Download PDFInfo
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- CN104604809A CN104604809A CN201410250028.0A CN201410250028A CN104604809A CN 104604809 A CN104604809 A CN 104604809A CN 201410250028 A CN201410250028 A CN 201410250028A CN 104604809 A CN104604809 A CN 104604809A
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- bemisia tabaci
- encarsia formosa
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The present invention provides a method for group breeding encarsia formosa in-door. The method comprises the following steps: (1) breeding method for whitefly, the method comprises that: daily transferring whitefly on fresh common bean seedlings with four leaves in first climate chamber for inoculation, wherein each cage is planted with four seedlings, each seedling is inoculated with 50 whitefly adults in the cages, and the conditions in the climate chamber is: L: D // 14: 10, T // 26-28 DEG C, TH // 50-60%; after 24 hours, expelling the whitefly adults which have oviposited with a hair blower; transplanting the common bean seedlings with eggs to another climate chamber to feed for 10 days, when nymphs develop to 2-3 instars, one part of the plants are used to inoculate breeding encarsia formosa, and the other part of the plants are used to breeding whitefly; wherein conditions of the second climate chamber is: L: D // 14: 10, T // 25-27 DEG C, TH // 50-60%. According to the method, encarsia formosa can be continuously and rapidly bred in high yield, so that damage caused by whitefly can be effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of pest control, specifically belong to biological control of insect pests field, belong to the method utilizing Encarsia formosa to prevent and treat tobacco smoke aleyrodid.
Background technology
Bemisia tabaci: formal name used at school Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) belongs to Homoptera Aleyrodidae, is commonly called as little Bai moth, main harm crop: tobacco, tomato, sweet potato, cassava, cotton, Cruciferae, Curcurbitaceae, pulse family, Solanaceae, Malvaceae etc.Bemisia tabaci adults and nymph directly sting suction water, cause plant weak, and nymph and adult can also secrete honeydew, bring out the generation of sooty mould.During insect density height, blade presents black, has a strong impact on photosynthesis, causes yellowing leaf and the reaction of white arteries and veins to reduce photosynthesis, and then affect quality of tobacco after Bemisia tabaci harm tobacco.Bemisia tabaci also can propagate the tobacco leaf curl disease viral disease (tobacco leaf curl virus, TLCV) of harm tobacco, causes that Qu Ye, bent stem, vein thicken, bright arteries and veins, blade back produce lug, cigarette strain dwarfing etc.
Encarsia formosa (Encarsia formosa Gahan): belong to Hymenoptera, aphid Chalcididae, be a kind of important unisexuality internal excited state for controlling aleyrodid of widespread commercial in the world, adult takes food hemolymph by taking food honeydew or puncturing Bemisia tabaci Nymph body wall with oopod.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of process by artificial group breeding (Artificial rearing) breeding propagation wild animals and plants.Specifically, the biological control method adopting artificial propagation Encarsia formosa to prevent and treat the Bemisia tabaci on tobacco exactly.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of method of indoor group breeding Encarsia formosa, the method comprises: the propagation method of Bemisia tabaci, and the method comprises: move into aleyrodid inoculation climatic chamber every day, condition is: L:D//14:10, T//27 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%, fresh 4 leaf vegetables bean seedlings, the strain of every cage 4, in breeding cage, inoculate Bemisia tabaci adults in 50 heads/plant of ratios, after 24h, expel the Bemisia tabaci adults of having laid eggs with hair-dryer; Kidney bean seedling after laying eggs moves to climatic chamber (L:D//14:10, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%), and raise 10d, when nymphal development is to 2-3 age, a part of plant is for inoculating chalcid fly, and another part plant is for breeding aleyrodid.
In a preferred mode, the condition of culture of climatic chamber is: T//26 ± 1 DEG C, RH//50%, L:D//14:10, host plant are wild cabbage.In a preferred mode, the condition of culture of climatic chamber is: temperature is 29 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 12:12.
Preferably, this method also comprises the population regularities method of Encarsia formosa, the method comprises: move into every day parasitic wasp to inoculation climatic chamber (L:D//16:8, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//60-70%) cultivate 3 age Bemisia tabaci Nymph plant, in honeybee in breeding cage: nymph ratio is 1: 20 inoculation Encarsia formosa, after 24h, expel into honeybee with hair-dryer, move to chalcid fly and grow climatic chamber (L:D//14:10, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%) grow.Preferably, parasitic cage is built with the vial of 20% (v/v) hydromel (containing 0.02% yellow food coloring (g/ml)), and glass bottle opening is exposed in cotton balls one end, and the other end immerses in hydromel, and every 3d supplements 1 hydromel.
In some preferred modes, also comprise the bee pupa collection method of Encarsia formosa, the method comprises: after aleyrodid nymph meets honeybee 8-9d, is become black pupa by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, after not turned into adult by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, pluck the blade with black pupa, and the 1-2d that dries in the shade in indoor, on the scraps of paper directly tile, sticked in hard copy, make and put honeybee card, or directly black pupa blade is loaded in paper bag with holes, make bag card.
Preferably, blocking is treated to dry completely and can be packed after becoming.Temporary transient no pupa card, can be placed in storage in 12 ± 1 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, storage 10d, no more than 20d, after taking-up, takes field 2-3d to and namely to sprout wings release.
On the other hand, the invention provides at field adaptability Encarsia formosa to prevent and treat the method for tobacco smoke aleyrodid, the method comprises: namely hang after cigarette strain field planting and lure the yellow plate monitoring of worm, after finding Bemisia tabaci adults, when every strain tobacco has aleyrodid 0.5-1 head, by putting honeybee index: honeybee: worm is advisable than with 3-5 ︰ 1,7d puts 1 time, puts honeybee 2-3 time continuously.
Preferably, the protecting field putting honeybee requires that day temperature can reach 18-30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C, has sufficient illumination.
Have preferred, discharge when the opportunity of release (can also claim black pupa) when honeybee is in pupa time, also after bee eclosion, directly can discharge adult.As put black pupa, hang in cigarette strain as long as honeybee card is cut into small pieces.
Preferably, the method also comprises Encarsia formosa Shrouding the fields and to accrue method, the method comprises: artificial sarong cover (1m × 0.5m) is set up in field, core technology: 80 order industrial filter cloths selected by artificial yarn, 80 order industrial filter cloth precision are high, can prevent a small amount of end from being escaped by the Bemisia tabaci adults of parasitism, but be beneficial to the release of later stage Encarsia formosa.The tobacco (2 strain) survived planted by cage inner cover, every 50 × 50m sets up 1 field reproducing cage.Manually access about 10,000 Bemisia tabaci 1-2 nymphs in age with Kidney bean of overgrowing, access Encarsia formosa pupa 30,000, be formed with the field adapting to vega environment in field and raise factory.
Beneficial effect
This technological invention is better than the technology that Encarsia formosa is bred in other anniversary indoor: one is that host plant selects Kidney bean to be easy to Cultivate administration than tomato, tobacco, be beneficial to the parasitism of Encarsia formosa, improve parasitic rate, the later stage making of honeybee card is easily dried in the shade compared with other host plant, paste and is preserved; This technological invention is bred Encarsia formosa by Bemisia tabaci as host and is prevented and treated tobacco smoke aleyrodid, from original Encarsia formosa raising technology be adopt trialeurodes vaporariorum to breed Encarsia formosa to prevent and treat Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood different; The field method of accruing reduces the cost of raising in the anniversary, has stronger supplementary function to field sustainable ecological system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that Bemisia tabaci adults takes food taxis figure to different host plant.
Fig. 2 Bemisia tabaci adults is to the taxis figure of laying eggs of different host plant.
Embodiment
examples of implementation 1: the screening of Bemisia tabaci host plant and the optimization of breeding condition
1. object: filter out suitable host plant, the propagation technique of different host plant under the suitable Various Seasonal of grasp, different condition, and optimize Artificial feeding conditions, foundation can batch raising technology code.
1. materials and methods
1.1 choose the alternatively crop (tobacco bred selects Yunnan tobacco company to promote mainly kind K326) such as tobacco, Kidney bean, wild cabbage, poinsettia.The 3-10 month in 2013 carries out, and utilizes potted plantly to shroud test, screening and optimizing temp. and humidity, illumination and host plant rearing conditions.
1.2 worm sources:
Bemisia tabaci picks up from the pseudo-pupa in the strain of vega cigarette
The orthogonal of 1.3 rearing conditions:
According to the factor affecting Bemisia tabaci and grow, 4 factors (A, B, C, D, E) such as set temperature, humidity, Light To Dark Ratio and host plant, each factor 4 levels, in table 3.
Table 1. factor and factor level
| Factor level | Temperature (A) | Humidity (B) | Illumination (C) | Host (E) |
| 1 | 23℃ | 50％ | 10:14 | Tobacco |
| 2 | 25℃ | 60％ | 12:12 | Kidney bean |
| 3 | 27℃ | 70％ | 14:10 | Poinsettia |
| 4 | 29℃ | 80％ | 16:8 | Wild cabbage |
According to orthogonal table L
16(4
5) contrived experiment arrangement is as follows:
Table 2 orthogonal experiment scheme table
After the factor level combination of each factor, the Bemisia tabaci adults of post-coitum is received on host plant, every strain host connects worm 50, lay eggs after 24h and remove adult, with marking pen in vacuum side of blade mark observed and recorded scope, day by day the development duration of observed and recorded ovum, larva and pupa under anatomical lens, the egg development calculated under Different factor level conditions is gone through phase, Offspring's deyelopment and is always gone through phase (ovum-adult) and filial generation sex ration, and various factors horizontal combination tests repetition 4 times.Go through the phase according to egg development, Offspring's deyelopment goes through the phase and 3 index comprehensives such as filial generation sex ration are considered to determine optimum rearing conditions combination.
1.4 data processing methods:
By the Analyze module in SPSS13.0 (SPSS Inc.) software, phase, the total development duration of filial generation (ovum-adult) and filial generation sex ration are gone through to the egg development under Different factor level and carry out variance analysis, determine optimum rearing conditions.
2. result
Table 3 Bemisia tabaci rearing conditions optimizes Orthogonal experiment results record sheet
2.1 go through the rearing conditions optimization of phase (from egg development to larva) based on egg development
Go through phase result according to the egg development in table 3 and carry out variance analysis, result is as shown in table 4.
Table 4. egg development goes through phase the results of analysis of variance
Host can be found out from table 4 variance analysis, temperature, the filial generation egg development of these 3 factors of humidity on Bemisia tabaci go through the phase significant impact (P<0.05).According to the F value size of each factor, can determine that the influence size that 3 factors go through the phase to egg development is host > temperature > humidity.And Light To Dark Ratio pair
egg development goes through the phaseimpact not significantly (P>0.05).
2.1.1 Host Factors goes through the influence analysis of phase to ovum
Table 5. host single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 5, in 4 hosts such as Kidney bean, wild cabbage, tobacco and poinsettia, it is 6.5d that the egg development on wild cabbage is gone through the phase the shortest, and Kidney bean and tobacco are 8.5d, and poinsettia is the longest is 8.8d.
Table 6. host single factor test paired comparisons table
The paired comparisons result of each host is shown, under wild cabbage host condition egg development go through phase and other 3 kinds of host's condition allowance below nominal size heteropoles significantly (P<0.01) and Kidney bean, tobacco, poinsettia each host process between difference remarkable (P>0.05) (table 6).
2.1.2 temperature factor goes through the influence analysis of phase to ovum
Table 7. temperature single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 7, in 4 Temperature Treatment such as 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C, along with the rising of temperature, egg development is gone through the phase and is shortened, and meets the general law of development of insect.Phase of going through under each temperature condition is respectively 9.5d, 8.1d, 7.7d and 7.0d.
Table 8. temperature single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each temperature condition, the ovum under 23 DEG C of conditions is gone through the phase and is longer than other 3 temperature, 23 DEG C and 25 DEG C process between significant difference (P<0.05); 23 DEG C and 27 DEG C, 29 DEG C process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).25 DEG C and 29 DEG C process between significant difference (P<0.05), 25 DEG C and 27 DEG C process between difference not significantly (P>0.05).27 DEG C and 29 DEG C process between difference not significantly (P>0.05) (table 8).
2.1.3 humidity factor goes through the influence analysis of phase to ovum
Table 9. humidity single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 9, in 4 humidity process such as 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, the development duration of ovum is respectively 7.3d, 8.7d, 8.6d and 7.7d, the shortest with the development duration under 50% relative humidities.
Table 10. humidity single factor test paired comparisons table
The paired comparisons result of each damp condition is shown, ovum under 50% condition is gone through the phase and is smaller than other 3 humidity, 50% and 60%, 70% process between significant difference (P<0.05), 50% and 80% process between difference not significantly (P>0.05); 60%, between 70% process difference not significantly (P>0.05), 60% and 80% process between significant difference (P<0.05); 70% and 80% process between difference not significantly (P>0.05) (table 10).
2.1.4 Light To Dark Ratio factor goes through the influence analysis of phase to ovum
Table 11. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 11, in 4 Light To Dark Ratio process such as 10:14,12:12,14:10 and 16:8, the development duration of ovum is respectively 8.0d, 8.4d, 8.0d and 7.9d, the shortest with the development duration under Light To Dark Ratio 16:8 condition.
Table 12. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each Light To Dark Ratio condition, 4 kinds of Light To Dark Ratio conditions are on the impact of the development duration of ovum difference all remarkable (P>0.05) (table 12) between process.
2.1.5 ovum phase optimal conditions conclusion
According to the above-mentioned analysis to 4 factors such as host, temperature, humidity and Light To Dark Ratios and paired comparisons result, can determine the optimal conditions of ovum phase for host for wild cabbage, temperature be 29 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 16:8, but the angle of raising situation and economize energy according to reality is set out, can be adjusted to host for Kidney bean, temperature be 27 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 14:10, and (concrete reason is that the adult taxis of the upper Bemisia tabaci of wild cabbage host is lower, and it is little to expand numerous amount; Between 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C of process, difference is not remarkable; Between Light To Dark Ratio 16:8 and 14:10 processes, difference is not remarkable), therefore determine that the rearing conditions optimizing factors of ovum phase is combined as T//26 ± 1 DEG C, RH//50%, L:D//14:10, host plant are Kidney bean.
2.2 go through the rearing conditions optimization of phase (be the process of adult from egg development) based on Offspring's deyelopment
Go through phase result according to the Offspring's deyelopment in table 4 and carry out variance analysis, result is as shown in table 13.
Table 13. Offspring's deyelopment goes through phase the results of analysis of variance
Host can be found out from table 13 variance analysis, temperature, the Offspring's deyelopment of these 3 factors of humidity on Bemisia tabaci go through the phase has and affect (P<0.01) extremely significantly.According to the F value size of each factor, can determine that the influence size of 3 factors to filial generation development duration is temperature > host > humidity.And Light To Dark Ratio has significant impact (P<0.05) to filial generation development duration.
2.2.1 temperature factor is to the influence analysis of filial generation development duration
Table 14. temperature single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 14, in 4 Temperature Treatment such as 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C, along with the rising of temperature, Offspring's deyelopment is gone through the phase and is shortened, and meets the universal law that insect grows.Phase of going through under each temperature condition is respectively 28.8d, 24.2d, 22.8d and 21.3d.
Table 15. temperature single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each temperature condition, the filial generation under 23 DEG C of conditions is gone through the phase and is longer than other 3 temperature, 23 DEG C and 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C, 29 DEG C process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01); 25 DEG C and 23 DEG C, 27 DEG C, 29 DEG C process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01); 27 DEG C and 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 29 DEG C process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).29 DEG C and 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01) (table 15).
2.2.2 Host Factors is to the influence analysis of filial generation development duration
Table 16. host single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 16, in 4 hosts such as Kidney bean, wild cabbage, tobacco and poinsettia, it is 21.9d that the Offspring's deyelopment on wild cabbage is gone through the phase the shortest, and tobacco is 23.2d, Kidney bean is 24.2d, and poinsettia is the longest is 27.8d.
Table 17. host single factor test paired comparisons table
The paired comparisons result of each host is shown, Offspring's deyelopment under Kidney bean host condition go through phase and wild cabbage and poinsettia host process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), significant difference (P<0.05) between Kidney bean and tobacco process; Under wild cabbage host condition, Offspring's deyelopment goes through the phase and difference extremely remarkable (P<0.01) between Kidney bean and poinsettia process, significant difference (P<0.05) between wild cabbage and tobacco process; Under tobacco host condition, Offspring's deyelopment goes through the phase and significant difference (P<0.05) between Kidney bean and wild cabbage process, and between tobacco and poinsettia process, difference extremely significantly (P<0.01); Poinsettia and other 3 kinds of host's condition allowance below nominal size heteropoles are significantly (P<0.01) (table 17).
2.2.3 humidity factor goes through the influence analysis of phase to filial generation
Table 18. humidity single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 18, in 4 humidity process such as 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, Offspring's deyelopment is gone through the phase and is respectively 23.2d, 24.4d, 25.2d and 24.3d, the shortest with the development duration under 50% relative humidities.
Table 19. humidity single factor test paired comparisons table
The paired comparisons result of each damp condition is shown, filial generation under 50% condition is gone through the phase and is smaller than other 3 humidity, 50% and 60%, 80% process between significant difference (P<0.05), 50% and 70% process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01); 60% and 50%, 70% process between significant difference (P<0.05), 60% and 80% process between difference not significantly (P>0.05); 70% and 50% process between difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), 70% and 60%, 80% significant difference (P<0.05); 80% and 70%, 50% process between significant difference (P<0.05), 80% and 60% process between significant difference (P<0.05) (table 19).
2.1.4 Light To Dark Ratio factor is to the influence analysis of filial generation development duration
Table 20. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 20, in 4 Light To Dark Ratio process such as 10:14,12:12,14:10 and 16:8, the development duration of ovum is respectively 24.3d, 23.4d, 24.9d and 24.6d, the shortest with the development duration under Light To Dark Ratio 12:12 condition.
Table 21. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test paired comparisons table
The paired comparisons result of each Light To Dark Ratio condition is shown, significant difference (P<0.05) between Light To Dark Ratio 12:12 and 10:14,16:8 process, between 12:12 and 14:10 process, difference is extremely significantly (P<0.01); Significant difference (P<0.05) between Light To Dark Ratio 10:14 and 12:12 processes, between 10:14 and 14:10,16:8 process, difference is not all significantly (P>0.05); Between 16:8 and 10:1414:10 process, difference is not all significantly (P>0.05) (table 23).
2.5 Offspring's deyelopment go through phase optimal conditions conclusion
According to the above-mentioned analysis to 4 factors such as host, temperature, humidity and Light To Dark Ratios and paired comparisons result, can determine optimal conditions that Offspring's deyelopment goes through the phase for host be wild cabbage, temperature is 29 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 12:12.But the angle of raising situation and economize energy according to reality is set out, can be adjusted to host for Kidney bean, temperature be 27 ± 1 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 14:10, and (concrete reason is that the adult taxis of the upper Bemisia tabaci of wild cabbage host is lower, and it is little to expand numerous amount; Though difference is extremely remarkable between 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C of process, high temperature is unfavorable for the management of host plant; Can not ensure during Light To Dark Ratio 12:12 that host plant has sufficient photosynthesis, the utilization being unfavorable for extending host plant with), therefore determine that the rearing conditions optimizing factors of Offspring's deyelopment is combined as T//27 ± 1 DEG C, RH//50%, L:D//14:10, host plant are Kidney bean.
2.3 based on the rearing conditions optimization of filial generation sex ration
Go through phase result according to the Offspring's deyelopment in table 4 and carry out variance analysis, result is shown in table 22.
Table 22. filial generation sex ration the results of analysis of variance
Can find out that from table 22 variance analysis 4 factors such as host, temperature, humidity and Light To Dark Ratio are not on the filial generation sex ration impact of Bemisia tabaci significantly (P>0.05).According to the F value size of each factor, can determine that the influence size of 4 factors to filial generation development duration is Light To Dark Ratio > host > humidity > temperature.
2.3.1 temperature factor is to the influence analysis of filial generation sex ration
Table 23. temperature single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 23, in 4 Temperature Treatment such as 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C, along with the rising of temperature, filial generation sex ration reduces, the sex ration of temperatures involved offspring, meets the universal law that insect grows.Sex ration under each temperature condition is respectively 2.7,3.0,2.7 and 2.1.
Table 24. temperature single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each temperature condition, between 4 Temperature Treatment such as 23 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 27 DEG C and 29 DEG C, difference is not all significantly (P>0.05) (table 24).
2.3.2 Host Factors is to the influence analysis of filial generation sex ration
Table 25. host single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 27, in 4 hosts such as Kidney bean, wild cabbage, tobacco and poinsettia, the filial generation sex ration on Kidney bean is up to 3.0, and tobacco and wild cabbage are all 2.7, and poinsettia is the longest is 1.9.
Table 26. host single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each host, the filial generation sex ration difference under 4 kinds of host's conditions such as Kidney bean, wild cabbage, tobacco, poinsettia is not significantly (P>0.05) (table 26).
2.3.3 humidity factor goes through the influence analysis of phase to filial generation
Table 27. humidity single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 27, in 4 humidity process such as 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, filial generation sex ration is respectively 1.8,3.2,2.6 and 2.8, the highest by 3.2 with the filial generation sex ration under 60% relative humidities.
Table 28. humidity single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each damp condition, in 4 humidity process such as 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, between the process of filial generation sex ration, difference is not significantly (P>0.05) (table 28).
2.3.4 Light To Dark Ratio factor is to the influence analysis of filial generation sex ration
Table 29. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test statistics scale
As shown in Table 31, in 4 Light To Dark Ratio process such as 10:14,12:12,14:10 and 16:8, filial generation sex ration is respectively 1.6,2.7,2.6,3.3.
Table 30. Light To Dark Ratio single factor test paired comparisons table
Show the paired comparisons result of each Light To Dark Ratio condition, between 4 Light To Dark Ratio process such as Light To Dark Ratio 10:14,12:12,14:10,16:8, difference is not all significantly (P>0.05) (table 30).
2.3.5 filial generation sex ration optimal conditions conclusion
According to above-mentioned to host, temperature, the analysis of 4 factors such as humidity and Light To Dark Ratio and paired comparisons result, can determine that the optimal conditions of filial generation sex ration is Kidney bean for host, temperature is 27 DEG C, humidity is 60%, Light To Dark Ratio is 12:12, but due to host, temperature, 4 factors such as humidity and Light To Dark Ratio all do not make significant difference to filial generation sex ration, phase and Offspring's deyelopment can be gone through in conjunction with egg development to go through the rearing conditions of phase (ovum-adult) and consider, therefore determine rearing conditions optimizing factors be combined as T//27 ± DEG C, RH//50-60%, L:D//14:10, host plant is Kidney bean.
2.4 conclusions and discussion
According to each factor, gone through to egg development the phase, Offspring's deyelopment goes through the phase (ovum-adult) and the influence of filial generation sex ration and the results of analysis of variance, take economize energy into consideration and be beneficial on the basis of the factors such as host's management, become by the condition optimizing of indoor feeding Bemisia tabaci T//27 ± 1 DEG C, RH//50-60%, L:D//14:10, host plant to be Kidney bean.
examples of implementation 2: the choice experiment of Bemisia tabaci host plant is for the impact of Encarsia formosa reproductive number
Kidney bean, tomato, tobacco, eggplant, soybean, poinsettia, sweet potato adopt respective conventional method to carry out managing and cultivating, they are planted in booth respectively, under the temperature and humidity that essence is substantially identical, Bemisia tabaci adults is inoculated in booth, after raising after a while, the quantity of statistics Bemisia tabaci Nymph in different plant leaf blade (add up by each plant random selection 5 blades, then be averaging processing, in triplicate), the breeding that most suitable Bemisia tabaci host plant carries out the later stage is filtered out.The results are shown in Figure 1.As can be seen from Fig., Kidney bean is best suited for the host plant of Bemisia tabaci.As apparent from Fig. 1,2 can, the adult density of Bemisia tabaci and the density of ovum are all Kidney bean, illustrate that Kidney bean can as the host plant of artificial propagation Bemisia tabaci, for amount reproduction Bemisia tabaci provides suitable host.
In order to breed Encarsia formosa, inoculation Encarsia formosa, allow it colonize in Bemisia tabaci, thus produce black pupa, add up black pupa number number.The main result of statistics is in table 1.
Table 31: different three Plants are on the impact of Bemisia tabaci Nymph and adult quantity.
From can obviously tentatively find out above, although the Bemisia tabaci Nymph quantity on Kidney bean is greater than other plant, but there is extremely significant difference in Encarsia formosa parasitic rate on different plants, its plant is far longer than greatly from the black pupa quantity produced, black pupa quantity on Kidney bean is 3 times more than of tomato and tobacco, show equally, on other plant, the quantity of black pupa is also well below the black pupa quantity on Kidney bean.Kidney bean is selected to be far longer than greatly other plant than the final effective black pupa quantity that tomato, tobacco obtain.So, finally determine that Kidney bean carrys out artificial propagation Encarsia formosa as the host of suitable Bemisia tabaci.
embodiment 3: condition optimizing and the system research of carrying out Encarsia formosa breeding on Kidney bean
3 materials
3.1 biological examination materials
Bemisia tabaci: field gathers is indoor many for propagating and breeding.
Encarsia formosa: field gathers is indoor many for propagating and breeding.
4 instrument and equipments
4.1 plastic tunnels, insectary, band light source supports worm frame, dependent insect cage
Plastic tunnel: 80 object fly nets, meets and ventilates, cooling requirement
Insectary: require be incubated, moisturizing, bright light and even, be convenient to again take a breath.Should there be ceiling on roof, window in north and south.The layout of insectary should determine according to the quantity of raising, and indoor two are sidelong the foster worm frame being with light source, and specification is 140 × 45 × 200cm, often support totally 4 layers, worm frame, every layer height spacing 40-45cm.
Dependent insect cage: specification (140cm × 45cm × 45cm), cage made by the husky net of 100 orders, supports with threeway support, select the side of broadside, open 2 mouths, the mouth of 1 diameter 15cm, to change adult and the arched door becoming honeybee, 1 diameter 30cm, changes host plant.
4.2 regulate temp. and humidity instrument equipment
Dehumidifier, air-conditioning, humiture instrument.
4.3 special instruments and equipment
Autoclave, refrigerator, hair-dryer.
4.4 medicines for sterilizing
Quicklime, formalin, bleaching powder and 75% alcohol.
Host plant is cleaned in 5 potted plant cultivations
5.1 Kidney bean plantation utensils
Plastic flowerpot, 22 × 18cm.
5.2 host plant kinds
Kidney bean.
5.3 soil condition
Kidney bean avoids continuous cropping, less demanding to soil nutrient, and need potassium, nitrogen more, phosphorus is less.
5.4 moisture condition
Kidney bean is strict to moisture requirement, likes moistening and is afraid of that drought avoids flood, watering and should lack, and does not generally do and does not water.
5.5 temperature
Kidney bean is thermophilous, and growth preference temperature is 15-25 DEG C, and less than 10 DEG C low temperature or more than 30 DEG C high temperature can affect growth.
5.6 illumination
Kidney bean requires not tight to illumination, as long as the requirement of satisfied temperature and moisture, can annual plant.
5.7 bean cv methods
Live or seedling raising and transplanting in flowerpot, applies the farmyard manure 22.5-45.0kg/m become thoroughly decomposed according to quantity in soil
2, be affixed by superphosphate 45g/m
2, potassium sulfate 22.5g/m
2(or ash 30g/m
2) be mixed dress basin, every basin 2-3 grain seed, earthing about 2 centimetres, keeps moistening, overlay film heat and moisture preserving, within about 1 week, emerge, emerging after first pair of true leaf, applying fertilizer in conjunction with watering, biweeklyly to topdress based on nitrogenous fertilizer, water every basin 100ml every day, and summer prevents and treats root rot with 50% carbendazim, 400 times of liquid.
6 Bemisia tabaci propagation methods
Move into aleyrodid inoculation climatic chamber (L:D//14:10 every day, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%) fresh 4 leaf bean seedlings, the strain of every cage 4, in breeding cage, inoculate Bemisia tabaci adults in 50 heads/plant of ratios, after 24h, expel the Bemisia tabaci adults of having laid eggs with hair-dryer.Kidney bean seedling after laying eggs moves to climatic chamber (L:D//14:10, T//27 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%), and raise 9-10d, when nymphal development is to 2-3 age, 2 strains are for inoculating chalcid fly, and another 2 strain plant are for breeding aleyrodid.With reference to the 1000-1500 head nymph/strain Kidney bean seedling of the Bemisia tabaci that above method is bred, every cage every day can production Bemisia tabaci 5000, can expand breeding cage according to demand.
The mating system of 7 Encarsia formosas
Move into parasitic wasp inoculation climatic chamber (L:D//14:10 every day, T//27 ± 1 DEG C, TH//60-70%) cultivate 3 age nymph plant, in breeding cage in honeybee, worm ratio be 1: 20 inoculation Encarsia formosa, after 24h, expel into honeybee with hair-dryer, move to chalcid fly and grow climatic chamber (L:D//14:10, T//27 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%) grow.Parasitic cage is built with the vial of 20% (v/v) hydromel (containing 0.02% yellow food coloring (g/ml)), and glass bottle opening is exposed in cotton balls one end, and the other end immerses in hydromel, and every 3d supplements 1 hydromel.
7.1 bee pupas are collected
Meet 8-9d after honeybee, black pupa is become by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, after not turned into adult by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, then the blade with black pupa is plucked, and the 1-2d that dries in the shade in indoor, on the scraps of paper directly tile, sticked in hard copy, make and put honeybee card, or directly black pupa blade is loaded in paper bag with holes, make bag card.Blocking is treated to dry completely and can be packed after becoming.Temporary transient no pupa card, can be placed in storage in 12 ± 1 DEG C of cryogenic boxes, storage 10d, no more than 20d, after taking-up, takes field 2-3d to and namely to sprout wings release.
With reference to 3000-5000 head/plant of Kidney bean seedling of the black pupa that above method is bred.
7.2 breed quality control
Bemisia tabaci happiness is ventilated, and well and more delicate plant takes food, and the nutritional condition of Kidney bean host can have influence on the growth of Bemisia tabaci larva and Encarsia formosa larva to printing opacity, if blade quality is old, Bemisia tabaci larval feeding is few and grow slowly.Therefore, what needs guarantee batch was in good time provides nutritional condition good, the Kidney bean plant that quality is tender.In addition, Bemisia tabaci quantity on each blade is excessive 200/leaf not easily, guarantee to raise adult, the quantity of enough parasitic wasps has conclusive impact for lasting parasitic Bemisia tabaci, under the condition having nectar source, the life-span average out to 16-20d of Encarsia formosa adult, every about 5d need supplementary 1 Encarsia formosa pupa to ensure the density of parasitic wasp.
7.3 honeybee kind rejuvenation
After the long-term endogamy of Encarsia formosa, the property of offspring can be caused than imbalance, and sex ration declines.Need to gather Encarsia formosa pupa every year from field and add to indoor population for 2-3 time, to improve parasitic ability and the fertility of Encarsia formosa, regulate Progeny Sex Ratio.
9 Encarsia formosa field adaptability technology
The investigation of 9.1 field tobacco powder mite amounts
Put honeybee index: namely hang after cigarette strain field planting and lure the yellow plate monitoring of worm, after finding Bemisia tabaci adults, when every strain tobacco has aleyrodid 0.5-1 head, honeybee 3-5 head is put in every strain, and honeybee worm is advisable than with 3 ︰ 1, or 50000/mu of meters, 10d puts 1 time, puts honeybee 3-4 time continuously, can basic controlling its cause harm.The protecting field putting honeybee requires that day temperature can reach 18-30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 DEG C, has sufficient illumination.Discharge when (can also claim black pupa) when honeybee is in pupa time, also after bee eclosion, directly can discharge adult.As put black pupa, be placed in cigarette strain as long as honeybee card is cut into small pieces.
9.2 supplementary measures
Yellow card's trap: Bemisia tabaci adults has strong taxis to yellow.After discovery Bemisia tabaci adults, above plant, hang yellow plate in 5-15cm region, best control efficiency can be reached.Hang yellow plate in time at the initial stage occurred, both can play control action to the quantity of adult whitefly, the effect of detection can be played again generation quantity, provide foundation for discharging natural enemy Encarsia formosa in good time.
Biological agent occur serious with the use of: Bemisia tabaci time, as every strain cigarette strain adult whitefly higher than 20 time, in order to reduce the loss, can by specifying safe period to select the chemical pesticide harmless to parasitic wasp, as biogenic substances, biological regulator class (cyromazine), nicotinoids medicament, comparatively safe to Encarsia formosa, make the radix of Bemisia tabaci adults be reduced to rapidly every strain less than 5, after medication 7d, then discharge Encarsia formosa.It is all more responsive to chemical agents such as chrysanthemum ester class, organic phosphors that Encarsia formosa respectively grows worm state, should not use in natural enemy release phase or high-incidence season.
Encarsia formosa field propagation measure: artificial sarong cover (1m × 0.5m) is set up in field, 80 order industrial filter cloths selected by artificial yarn, 80 order industrial filter cloth precision are high, can prevent a small amount of end from being escaped by the Bemisia tabaci adults of parasitism, but be beneficial to the release of later stage Encarsia formosa.The tobacco (2 strain) survived planted by cage inner cover, every 50 × 50m sets up 1 field reproducing cage.Manually access about 10,000 Bemisia tabaci 1-2 nymphs in age with Kidney bean of overgrowing, access Encarsia formosa pupa 30,000, be formed with the field adapting to vega environment in field and raise factory.At 20d in summer, after spring and autumn 30-40d Bemisia tabaci completes 1 generation.
10 points for attention
10.1 in the process of batch breeding Encarsia formosa, and because stocking density is larger than field, disease etc. are easily popular, cause the death of Bemisia tabaci larva, except carrying out sterilization, dehumidifying, also needs the 2-3h/d that suitably ventilates.
10.2, for ensureing the eclosion rate of Encarsia formosa and vitality, ensure enough life-spans and egg laying amount, and the temperature that the pupa of Encarsia formosa deposits in refrigerator is 10-12 DEG C, and the time is no more than 20d.
When 10.3 parasitic wasps are expanded numerous, ratio that is parasitic and Bemisia tabaci is that 1:20-30 is advisable.
10.4, start to discharge Encarsia formosa after 1 week or when aleyrodid initial stage of origination worm amount reaches 0.5-1 head/individual plant in crop field planting.Hang on the branch of plant middle and upper part by the honeybee of Encarsia formosa card when putting honeybee, Encarsia formosa gets final product Automatic-searching aleyrodid and parasitic whitefly larva after sprouting wings.Because Encarsia formosa is smaller, flight performance is limited, and honeybee card should be noted during release to hang over field equably.Be divided into 5-7 release, discharge 1 time every 7-10d, each release 5000-10000 head/mu, keep Encarsia formosa and the benefit evil ratio 3: 1 of aleyrodid, can stop putting honeybee after Encarsia formosa and aleyrodid reach relatively stable balance.Encarsia formosa can set up population smoothly in field, effectively controls the harm of aleyrodid.During release, greenhouse temperature should control at 18-30 DEG C daytime, and night is more than 10 DEG C.Also to prevent high humidity or water droplet from soaking honeybee card, Encarsia formosa suffocated or goes mouldy, can not sprout wings.
Claims (5)
1. the method for an indoor group breeding breeding Encarsia formosa, the method comprising the steps of: the propagation method of (1), Bemisia tabaci, the method comprises: move into aleyrodid every day to the fresh 4 leaf vegetables bean seedlings of inoculation first climatic chamber, the strain of every cage 4, in breeding cage, Bemisia tabaci adults is inoculated in 50 heads/plant of ratios, wherein the condition of climatic chamber is: L:D//14:10, T//27 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%; Expel the Bemisia tabaci adults of having laid eggs with hair-dryer after 24h; Kidney bean seedling after laying eggs moves to another climatic chamber and raises 10d, and when nymphal development is to 2-3 age, a part of plant is for inoculating chalcid fly, and another part plant is for breeding aleyrodid; Wherein, the condition of this another climatic chamber is: L:D//14:10, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described Kidney bean replaces with wild cabbage, and the condition of culture of climatic chamber is; T//26 ± 1 DEG C, RH//50%, L:D//14:10.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, the condition of culture of climatic chamber is: temperature is 29 DEG C, humidity is 50%, Light To Dark Ratio is 12:12.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also comprises: the inoculation of (2), parasitic wasp and culture method, the method comprises: move into every day parasitic wasp to inoculation climatic chamber cultivate 3 age Bemisia tabaci Nymph plant, in honeybee in breeding cage: nymph ratio is 1: 20 inoculation Encarsia formosa, and wherein, the condition of culture of inoculation climatic chamber is: L:D//16:8, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//60-70%; After 24h, expel into honeybee with hair-dryer, move to chalcid fly and grow climatic chamber growth, the condition of culture of growing climatic chamber is: L:D//14:10, T//26 ± 1 DEG C, TH//50-60%.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, the method also comprises: the bee pupa collection method of (3), Encarsia formosa, and the method comprises: after aleyrodid nymph meets honeybee 8-9d, black pupa is become by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, after not turned into adult by the aleyrodid nymph of parasitism, pluck the blade with black pupa, and the 1-2d that dries in the shade in indoor, direct tiling, stick in hard copy the scraps of paper on, make and put honeybee card, or directly black pupa blade is loaded in paper bag with holes, make bag card.
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