CN106614408B - Indoor raising method for bean aphids - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种豆蚜的室内繁殖方法,该方法包括红小豆的育苗和豆蚜的扩繁,红小豆的育苗包括豆种浸泡液的配制、豆种的浸泡、催芽、育苗等步骤,豆蚜的扩繁包括豆蚜的接种、种源豆蚜的扩繁、用于繁殖天敌的豆蚜扩繁等步骤。本发明使用的方法,对温湿度和光照的要求不高,育苗时使用纤维布保持育苗基质的湿度。
The invention discloses an indoor propagation method of bean aphid, which comprises the steps of raising adzuki bean seedlings and propagating the bean aphid. The propagation of bean aphid includes steps such as inoculation of bean aphid, propagation of provenance bean aphid, and propagation of bean aphid used to breed natural enemies. The method used in the present invention does not have high requirements on temperature, humidity and light, and fiber cloth is used to maintain the humidity of the seedling substrate during seedling raising.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于农林害虫生物防治技术领域,涉及一种天敌寄主的繁殖方法,尤其是一种豆蚜的室内饲养方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, and relates to a breeding method for a natural enemy host, in particular to an indoor breeding method for bean aphid.
背景技术Background technique
瓢虫、食蚜蝇等蚜虫天敌的规模化生产首先要解决的关键问题就是天敌蚜虫的室内繁殖技术。豆蚜Aphis craccivora Koch又名苜蓿蚜、花生蚜,是一种生长繁殖快,温度适应性广的蚜虫,是目前蚜虫天敌繁殖使用最广的一种寄主,如:用蚕豆苗饲养豆蚜繁殖食蚜瘿蚊Aphidoletes sp(北京市农林科学院)、用蚕豆饲养豆蚜繁殖异色瓢虫(湖北省烟草公司)、用蚕豆苗饲养豆蚜繁殖呀烟蚜茧蜂(云南省烟草公司)等,以上方法都获得了国家专利。由上述专利可知,蚕豆是繁殖豆蚜最常用的一种寄主。但是,蚕豆个体大,不易于无土栽培,繁殖豆苗需要大量的育苗基质,且从蚕豆种到豆蚜生长到能为天敌利用的周期长,达30天左右,这无形中增加了育苗和豆苗的管理成本。另外,蚕豆的种植区主要在北方,在南方不容易获得,此类技术在南方受到诸多限制。因此,有必要筛选出一种更简便,适应范围更广以及成本更低的豆蚜繁殖方法。The first key problem to be solved in the large-scale production of natural enemies of aphids such as ladybugs and hoverflies is the indoor breeding technology of natural enemies aphids. The bean aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, also known as alfalfa aphid and peanut aphid, is a kind of aphid with fast growth and reproduction and wide temperature adaptability. Aphidoletes sp (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry), Raising bean aphids with broad bean to breed Axychromis axyridis (Hubei Tobacco Company), breeding bean aphids with broad bean seedlings for breeding Aphididae (Yunnan Tobacco Company), etc., above The methods have obtained national patents. As can be seen from the above patent, broad bean is the most commonly used host for breeding bean aphid. However, broad beans are large in size and difficult to cultivate without soil. Propagation of bean seedlings requires a large amount of seedling substrate, and the period from broad bean seed to bean aphid growth to being used by natural enemies is about 30 days. Management costs of bean sprouts. In addition, the planting area of broad bean is mainly in the north, and it is not easy to obtain in the south, and such technologies are subject to many restrictions in the south. Therefore, it is necessary to screen out a simpler, more suitable and lower cost bean aphid propagation method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于克服现阶段豆蚜繁殖方法中存在的不足,提供一种操作更简便、适应范围更广以及成本更低的豆蚜室内繁殖方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies existing in the current bean aphid propagation method, and to provide a bean aphid indoor propagation method with simpler operation, wider adaptability and lower cost.
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种豆蚜的室内饲养方法,具体操作步骤是:A kind of indoor raising method of bean aphid, the concrete operation steps are:
(1)豆苗的培育(1) Cultivation of bean sprouts
①豆种浸泡液的配制:量取适量的无菌水,称取一定量药剂A,倒入无菌水中搅拌均匀; ①Preparation of bean seed soaking solution: take an appropriate amount of sterile water, weigh a certain amount of drug A, pour it into the sterile water and stir evenly;
②豆种的浸泡:市场上购得豆种后,将豆种放入塑料盆中,摊平,倒入浸泡液,水位高于豆种2cm,浸泡时间为12h;所述的塑料盆的大小,根据浸泡的豆种数量选取;②Soaking of bean seeds: After purchasing the bean seeds in the market, put the bean seeds into a plastic pot, flatten them, pour the soaking liquid, the water level is 2cm higher than the bean seeds, and the soaking time is 12h; the size of the plastic pot is , according to the number of soaked beans;
③豆种的催芽:将浸泡好的豆种捞出,沥干水分,连同盛豆种的塑料盆一同放入塑料薄膜袋中,封口,催芽时间为2-3天,直至豆种长出3mm左右的根时取出;浸泡液用塑料洗瓶装好备用;③ Germination of bean seeds: Take out the soaked bean seeds, drain the water, put them into a plastic film bag together with the plastic pot containing the bean seeds, seal, and the germination time is 2-3 days, until the bean seeds grow 3mm Take out the left and right roots; the soaking solution is packed in a plastic washing bottle for later use;
④豆苗的培育:在育苗容器1的底部放入浸透水分的育苗材料,放入前将育苗材料根据容器底部的形状和大小进行裁剪,再将豆种铺满在育苗材料上,豆种个体之间不重叠;铺好后,将育苗容器重叠放置,在最顶部的育苗容器上压上一个500g左右的重物,每天调整容器的上下顺序,直至有0.5cm长的嫩芽长出时,移除重物,将育苗容器平排放置在实验台上;当嫩芽长到3±0.5cm时即可接种豆蚜;培育10d后,用育苗容器2,按上述育苗容器1的方法育苗,育苗容器2育苗的数量为容器1的5倍。4. Cultivation of bean sprouts: put the seedling material soaked with water at the bottom of the
(2)豆蚜的接种(2) Inoculation of bean aphid
在豆科植物上采集豆蚜带回室内,移入嫩芽长3±0.5cm的育苗容器1中,置于育苗材料上即可;Collect bean aphids on legumes and bring them back to the room, move them into a
(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁(3) Propagation of Provenance Bean Aphid
待育苗容器中1的豆苗上长满豆蚜时,将豆苗剪成小段,每段有蚜虫50±5只,将有蚜虫的豆苗段移入新培育嫩芽长3±0.5cm的育苗容器1中,每育苗容器1中移入豆蚜500±5只;When the bean sprouts of 1 in the seedling raising container are covered with bean aphids, cut the bean sprouts into small sections, each section has 50 ± 5 aphids, and move the bean sprouts section with aphids into the newly cultivated seedlings with a length of 3 ± 0.5 cm. In
(4)用于繁殖天敌的豆蚜扩繁(4) The bean aphid used to reproduce natural enemies is propagated
待步骤(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁中育苗容器中1的豆苗上长满豆蚜时,在育苗容器2中放入支架,将育苗容器中1置于支架上,1天后取出育苗容器中1和支架置于新的育苗容器2中,重复5次,在育苗容器2饲养得到用于天敌的豆蚜。When the bean sprouts in the
进一步地,所述的药剂A为赤霉素,配制的浸泡液浓度为0.5mg/L。Further, the agent A is gibberellin, and the concentration of the prepared soaking solution is 0.5 mg/L.
进一步地,所述的豆种为红小豆。Further, the bean species is adzuki bean.
进一步地,所述的育苗容器1为Φ=10cm,H=10cm的塑料盆;所述的育苗容器2为Φ≥20cm,H=10cm的塑料盆。Further, the
进一步地,所述的育苗材料为竹纤维布,规格为W=25cm,H=25cm。Further, described seedling raising material is bamboo fiber cloth, and the specification is W=25cm, H=25cm.
进一步地,所述的支架为不锈钢架规格为Φ=9cm,H=4cm。Further, the described support is a stainless steel frame with specifications of Φ=9cm, H=4cm.
本发明方法的优点和积极效果:Advantages and positive effects of the inventive method:
1、使用本方法繁殖蚜虫,对温湿度的要求不高,对光照的要求也不高,不需要额外增加光源,降低了管理成本;1. Using this method to breed aphids does not require high temperature and humidity, nor does it require high light, so there is no need to add additional light sources, which reduces management costs;
2、本方法选用红小豆代替蚕豆,因为红小豆在我国的种植范围较蚕豆广,更容易获得,出苗整齐。2. In this method, adzuki bean is used instead of broad bean, because adzuki bean has a wider planting range than broad bean in my country, is easier to obtain, and emerges neatly.
3、本方法选用纤维布作为介质育苗,适合红小豆属于小豆型豆种育苗使用,可以省去大豆型豆种如蚕豆育苗必须使用大量育苗基质,节省了育苗成本;3. In this method, fiber cloth is used as the medium for seedling raising, which is suitable for adzuki bean, which belongs to the adzuki bean type, and can save the use of a large number of seedling substrates for the seedling raising of soybean type bean seeds such as broad bean, which saves the cost of raising seedlings;
4、本方法利用植物种子在弱光照条件下的徒长原理,加上生长素的合理使用,从而控制红小豆苗的生长高度。4. The method utilizes the principle of leggy growth of plant seeds under weak light conditions and the rational use of auxin, thereby controlling the growth height of adzuki bean sprouts.
5、本方法的使用的红小豆从播种达到可以接种蚜虫,只需要4d时间,从接种蚜虫到豆苗长满蚜虫也只需要6d,较用蚕豆苗繁殖蚜虫的时间节省了一半多,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。5. The adzuki beans used in this method can be inoculated with aphids, which only takes 4 days, and it only takes 6 days from inoculation with aphids to when the bean sprouts are covered with aphids, which saves more than half of the time required to propagate aphids with broad bean sprouts, and has a relatively low cost. good economic and social benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1:为本发明一种豆蚜的室内饲养方法工艺流程示意图。Fig. 1: is a kind of indoor breeding method schematic diagram of bean aphid of the present invention.
图2:为本发明豆蚜扩繁接种源容器组合示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the inoculation source container for bean aphid propagation according to the present invention.
图2标识:1-育苗容器1;2-育苗容器2;3-不锈钢架。Figure 2 Identification: 1-
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过实施例对本发明方法作进一步的详细描述,但应该理解本发明并不受这些内容所限制。The method of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by these contents.
实施例1:Example 1:
一种豆蚜的室内饲养方法,具体操作步骤是:A kind of indoor raising method of bean aphid, the concrete operation steps are:
(1)豆苗的培育(1) Cultivation of bean sprouts
①豆种浸泡液的配制:量取适量的无菌水,称取药剂A赤霉素,倒入无菌水中搅拌均匀,配制成浓度为0.5mg/L的浸泡液; ①Preparation of bean seed soaking solution: Measure an appropriate amount of sterile water, weigh the drug A gibberellin, pour it into the sterile water and stir evenly to prepare a soaking solution with a concentration of 0.5mg/L;
②豆种的浸泡:市场上购得豆种红小豆后,将红小豆放入塑料盆中,摊平,倒入浸泡液,水位高于豆种2cm,浸泡时间为12h;所述的塑料盆的大小,根据浸泡的豆种数量选取;②Soaking of bean seeds: After purchasing the bean seeds in the market, put the azuki beans in a plastic basin, flatten them, pour the soaking liquid, the water level is 2cm higher than the bean seeds, and the soaking time is 12h; the plastic basin The size is selected according to the number of soaked beans;
③豆种的催芽:将浸泡好的红小豆豆种捞出,沥干水分,连同盛红小豆豆种的塑料盆一同放入塑料薄膜袋中,封口,催芽时间为2天,直至豆种红小豆长出3mm左右的根时取出;浸泡液用塑料洗瓶装好备用;③ Germination of bean seeds: Take out the soaked adzuki bean seeds, drain the water, put them into a plastic film bag together with the plastic pot containing the adzuki bean seeds, seal, and the germination time is 2 days, until the bean seeds are red. Take out the adzuki beans when they grow a root of about 3mm; the soaking liquid is packed in a plastic washing bottle for later use;
④豆苗的培育:在Φ=10cm,H=10cm的塑料盆育苗容器1的底部放入浸透水分,规格为W=25cm,H=25cm的竹纤维布育苗材料,放入前将育苗材料根据容器底部的形状和大小进行裁剪,再将红小豆豆种铺满在竹纤维布育苗材料上,豆种个体之间不重叠;铺好后,将育苗容器重叠放置,在最顶部的育苗容器上压上一个500g左右的重物,每天调整容器的上下顺序,直至有0.5cm长的嫩芽长出时,移除重物,将育苗容器平排放置在实验台上;当红小豆嫩芽长到3±0.5cm时即可接种豆蚜;培育10d后,用Φ=40cm,H=10cm的塑料盆育苗容器2,按上述育苗容器1的方法育苗,育苗容器2育苗的数量为容器1的5倍。④Cultivation of bean sprouts: put soaked water in the bottom of the plastic pot
(2)豆蚜的接种(2) Inoculation of bean aphid
在豆科植物上采集豆蚜带回室内,移入红小豆嫩芽长3±0.5cm的育苗容器1中,置于育苗材料上即可;Collect bean aphids on legumes and bring them back to the room, transfer them into a
(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁(3) Propagation of Provenance Bean Aphid
待育苗容器中1的红小豆豆苗上长满豆蚜时,将红小豆豆苗剪成小段,每段有蚜虫50±5只,将有蚜虫的红小豆豆苗段移入新培育红小豆嫩芽长3±0.5cm的育苗容器1中,每育苗容器1中移入豆蚜500±5只;When the adzuki bean sprouts of 1 in the seedling raising container are covered with bean aphids, cut the adzuki bean sprouts into small sections, each section has 50±5 aphids, and move the adzuki bean sprouts with aphids into the newly cultivated adzuki bean sprouts. In the
(4)用于繁殖天敌的豆蚜扩繁(4) The bean aphid used to reproduce natural enemies is propagated
待步骤(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁中育苗容器中1的红小豆豆苗上长满豆蚜时,在育苗容器2中放入规格为Φ=9cm,H=4cm不锈钢支架,将育苗容器中1置于支架上,1天后取出育苗容器中1和不锈钢支架置于新的育苗容器2中,重复5次,在育苗容器2饲养得到用于天敌的豆蚜。In step (3), when the adzuki bean sprouts in the
实施例2:Example 2:
一种豆蚜的室内饲养方法,具体操作步骤是:A kind of indoor raising method of bean aphid, the concrete operation steps are:
(1)豆苗的培育(1) Cultivation of bean sprouts
①豆种浸泡液的配制:量取适量的无菌水,称取药剂A赤霉素,倒入无菌水中搅拌均匀,配制成浓度为0.5mg/L的浸泡液; ①Preparation of bean seed soaking solution: Measure an appropriate amount of sterile water, weigh the drug A gibberellin, pour it into the sterile water and stir evenly to prepare a soaking solution with a concentration of 0.5mg/L;
②豆种的浸泡:市场上购得豆种红小豆后,将红小豆放入塑料盆中,摊平,倒入浸泡液,水位高于豆种2cm,浸泡时间为12h;所述的塑料盆的大小,根据浸泡的豆种数量选取;②Soaking of bean seeds: After purchasing the bean seeds in the market, put the azuki beans in a plastic basin, flatten them, pour the soaking liquid, the water level is 2cm higher than the bean seeds, and the soaking time is 12h; the plastic basin The size is selected according to the number of soaked beans;
③豆种的催芽:将浸泡好的红小豆豆种捞出,沥干水分,连同盛红小豆豆种的塑料盆一同放入塑料薄膜袋中,封口,催芽时间为3天,直至豆种红小豆长出3mm左右的根时取出;浸泡液用塑料洗瓶装好备用;③ Germination of bean seeds: Take out the soaked adzuki bean seeds, drain the water, put them into a plastic film bag together with the plastic pot containing the adzuki bean seeds, seal, and the germination time is 3 days, until the bean seeds are red. Take out the adzuki beans when they grow a root of about 3mm; the soaking liquid is packed in a plastic washing bottle for later use;
④豆苗的培育:在Φ=10cm,H=10cm的塑料盆育苗容器1的底部放入浸透水分,规格为W=25cm,H=25cm的竹纤维布育苗材料,放入前将育苗材料根据容器底部的形状和大小进行裁剪,再将红小豆豆种铺满在竹纤维布育苗材料上,豆种个体之间不重叠;铺好后,将育苗容器重叠放置,在最顶部的育苗容器上压上一个500g左右的重物,每天调整容器的上下顺序,直至有0.5cm长的嫩芽长出时,移除重物,将育苗容器平排放置在实验台上;当红小豆嫩芽长到3±0.2cm时即可接种豆蚜;培育10d后,用Φ=30cm,H=10cm的塑料盆育苗容器2,按上述育苗容器1的方法育苗,育苗容器2育苗的数量为容器1的3倍。④Cultivation of bean sprouts: put soaked water in the bottom of the plastic pot
(2)豆蚜的接种(2) Inoculation of bean aphid
在豆科植物上采集豆蚜带回室内,移入红小豆嫩芽长3±0.2cm的育苗容器1中,置于育苗材料上即可;Bean aphids are collected from legumes and brought back indoors, transferred into a
(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁(3) Propagation of Provenance Bean Aphid
待育苗容器中1的红小豆豆苗上长满豆蚜时,将红小豆豆苗剪成小段,每段有蚜虫50±5只,将有蚜虫的红小豆豆苗段移入新培育红小豆嫩芽长3±0.2cm的育苗容器1中,每育苗容器1中移入豆蚜500±2只;When the adzuki bean sprouts of 1 in the seedling raising container are covered with bean aphids, cut the adzuki bean sprouts into small sections, each section has 50±5 aphids, and move the adzuki bean sprouts with aphids into the newly cultivated adzuki bean sprouts. In the
(4)用于繁殖天敌的豆蚜扩繁(4) The bean aphid used to reproduce natural enemies is propagated
待步骤(3)种源豆蚜的扩繁中育苗容器中1的红小豆豆苗上长满豆蚜时,在育苗容器2中放入规格为Φ=9cm,H=4cm不锈钢支架,将育苗容器中1置于支架上,1天后取出育苗容器中1和不锈钢支架置于新的育苗容器2中,重复5次,在育苗容器2饲养得到用于天敌的豆蚜。In step (3), when the adzuki bean sprouts in the
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