Indoor raising method for bean aphids
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, and relates to a propagation method of natural enemy hosts, in particular to an indoor feeding method of bean aphids.
Background
The key problem to be solved in the large-scale production of natural enemies of aphids such as ladybug, aphid eating fly and the like is the indoor propagation technology of the natural enemies of the aphids. Bean aphidAphis craccivoraKoch also called alfalfa aphid and peanut aphid, is an aphid with fast growth and reproduction and wide temperature adaptability, and is a host which is the widest used by the natural enemy of the aphid at present, such as: broad bean seedling is used for breeding aphid eating gall midge by feeding bean aphidAphidoletes sp(Beijing academy of agriculture and forestry), breeding of harmonia axyridis by broad bean aphids (Hubei province tobacco company), breeding of aphidius gifuensis (Yunnan province tobacco company) by broad bean seedlings, and the like, and the methods obtain national patents. As known from the above patent, broad bean is the most common host for breeding bean aphids. However, broad beans are large in size and not easy to be cultivated in a soilless manner, a large amount of seedling raising substrates are needed for bean seedling breeding, the period from broad bean seed to bean aphid growth to natural enemy utilization is long, and is about 30 days, and the management cost of seedling raising and bean seedling is invisibly increased. In addition, the broad bean planting area is mainly in the north and is not easily available in the south, and the technology is limited in the south. Therefore, there is a need to select a method for breeding bean aphids, which is simpler, has a wider application range and is lower in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing bean aphid breeding method, and provides an indoor bean aphid breeding method which is simpler and more convenient to operate, wider in application range and lower in cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an indoor raising method of bean aphids comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) cultivation of bean seedlings
① the bean seed soaking solution is prepared by weighing appropriate amount of sterile water, weighing a certain amount of the medicinal preparation A, and stirring completely in sterile water;
② soaking bean seeds, namely putting the bean seeds into a plastic basin after the bean seeds are purchased in the market, spreading, pouring a soaking solution, wherein the water level is 2cm higher than the bean seeds, and the soaking time is 12 hours;
③ pregermination of bean species comprises taking out the soaked bean species, draining, placing into plastic film bag together with plastic basin containing bean species, sealing, pregermination time is 2-3 days, taking out until the bean species grow about 3mm root, washing the soaking solution with plastic bottle, and bottling;
④ Bean seedling cultivation comprises placing seedling material soaked with water at the bottom of seedling container 1, cutting the seedling material according to the shape and size of the container bottom, spreading bean seeds on the seedling material without overlapping the individual bean seeds, placing the seedling containers in an overlapping manner, pressing a weight of about 500g on the topmost seedling container, adjusting the vertical sequence of the containers every day until a 0.5cm tender bud grows out, removing the weight, placing the seedling containers on an experiment table in a horizontal arrangement, inoculating bean aphids when the tender buds grow to 3 + -0.5 cm, cultivating for 10 days, and then using seedling container 2 to cultivate seedlings according to the method of the seedling container 1, wherein the number of seedlings grown by the seedling container 2 is 5 times of that of the container 1.
(2) Inoculation of Aphis fabae
Collecting Aphis fabae on leguminous plants, returning the Aphis fabae to the room, transferring the Aphis fabae into a seedling culture container 1 with tender shoots of 3 +/-0.5 cm, and placing the Aphis fabae on a seedling culture material;
(3) propagation of seed bean aphids
When bean seedlings in a seedling culture container 1 grow bean aphids, cutting the bean seedlings into small sections, wherein each section has 50 +/-5 aphids, transferring the bean seedling sections with the aphids into a seedling culture container 1 with newly-cultured tender shoots 3 +/-0.5 cm long, and transferring 500 +/-5 bean aphids into each seedling culture container 1;
(4) aphis fabae propagation expanding method for propagating natural enemies
And (3) when the bean seedlings in the seedling culture container 1 grow bean aphids in the expanding propagation of the seed bean aphids in the step (3), putting the support in the seedling culture container 2, putting the seedling culture container 1 on the support, taking out the seedling culture container 1 and the support after 1 day, putting the seedling culture container 1 and the support in a new seedling culture container 2, repeating for 5 times, and feeding the bean aphids for the natural enemies in the seedling culture container 2.
Further, the medicament A is gibberellin, and the concentration of the prepared soak solution is 0.5 mg/L.
Furthermore, the bean seeds are small red beans.
Further, the seedling raising container 1 is a plastic pot with phi =10cm and H =10 cm; the seedling raising container 2 is a plastic pot with phi of more than or equal to 20cm and H =10 cm.
Further, the seedling raising material is bamboo fiber cloth, and the specification is W =25cm and H =25 cm.
Further, the support is a stainless steel frame with the specification of phi =9cm and H =4 cm.
The method has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the aphid bred by the method has low requirements on temperature and humidity and illumination, and does not need to be additionally provided with a light source, so that the management cost is reduced;
2. the method selects the small red beans to replace the broad beans, because the small red beans are wider than the broad beans in planting range in China, are easier to obtain and have regular seedlings.
3. The method selects the fiber cloth as the medium for seedling culture, is suitable for the seedling culture of the small red beans belonging to the small bean type bean species, can save the use of a large amount of seedling culture medium for the seedling culture of the soybean type bean species such as broad beans, and saves the seedling culture cost;
4. the method utilizes the principle of plant seed spindling under the condition of weak light and reasonable use of auxin, thereby controlling the growth height of small red bean seedlings.
5. The small red bean used in the method can be used for inoculating aphids after being sown, only 4 days are needed, and only 6 days are needed from the inoculation of the aphids to the growth of the aphids on bean seedlings, so that the method saves more than half of the time for propagating the aphids by using the broad bean seedlings, and has better economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1: is a process flow schematic diagram of the indoor feeding method of the bean aphids.
FIG. 2: is a combined schematic diagram of the bean aphid propagation inoculation source container.
Fig. 2 identifies: 1-seedling raising container 1; 2-seedling raising container 2; 3-stainless steel frame.
Detailed Description
The process of the present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
an indoor raising method of bean aphids comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) cultivation of bean seedlings
① the bean seed soaking solution is prepared by weighing appropriate amount of sterile water, weighing gibberellin A, adding into sterile water, stirring, and making into soaking solution with concentration of 0.5 mg/L;
② soaking semen Phaseoli, which is obtained by placing semen Phaseoli in plastic basin, spreading, adding soaking solution at water level 2cm higher than semen Phaseoli for 12 hr, wherein the size of the plastic basin is selected according to the number of semen Phaseoli soaked;
③ germinating bean seeds by taking out the soaked bean seeds, draining, placing into a plastic film bag together with a plastic basin containing the bean seeds, sealing, germinating for 2 days until the bean seeds grow about 3mm root, taking out, washing the soaking solution with plastic bottles, and reserving;
④ Bean seedling cultivation comprises placing bamboo fiber cloth seedling material with specification of W =25cm and H =25cm at the bottom of plastic pot seedling container 1 with specification of phi =10cm and H =10cm, cutting the seedling material according to the shape and size of the container bottom before placing, spreading semen Phaseoli bean seeds on the bamboo fiber cloth seedling material without overlapping bean seeds, placing the seedling containers in an overlapping manner, pressing a weight of about 500g on the seedling container at the top, adjusting the vertical sequence of the containers every day until a tender bud with length of 0.5cm grows out, removing the weight, placing the seedling containers on an experiment table in a horizontal arrangement, inoculating Aphis virescens when the tender bud of semen Phaseoli grows to 3 + -0.5 cm, cultivating for 10d, and using plastic pot container 2 with phi =40cm and H =10cm to cultivate the quantity of seedling container 25 times that of seedling container 1 according to the method of the container 1.
(2) Inoculation of Aphis fabae
Collecting Aphis fabae on leguminous plants, returning the Aphis fabae to the room, transferring the Aphis fabae into a seedling culture container 1 with 3 +/-0.5 cm of small red bean buds, and placing the Aphis fabae on a seedling culture material;
(3) propagation of seed bean aphids
When the bean seedlings of the small red beans in the seedling culture container 1 are full of bean aphids, cutting the bean seedlings of the small red beans into small sections, wherein each section has 50 +/-5 aphids, transferring the bean seedling sections with the aphids into the seedling culture container 1 with newly-cultured bean sprouts of 3 +/-0.5 cm, and transferring 500 +/-5 bean aphids into each seedling culture container 1;
(4) aphis fabae propagation expanding method for propagating natural enemies
And (3) when the bean aphids grow on the small red bean seedlings in the seedling culture container 1 in the expanding propagation of the bean aphids of provenance in the step (3), putting a stainless steel bracket with the specification of phi =9cm and H =4cm into the seedling culture container 2, putting the seedling culture container 1 on the bracket, taking out the seedling culture container 1 and the stainless steel bracket after 1 day, putting the seedling culture container 1 and the stainless steel bracket into a new seedling culture container 2, repeating for 5 times, and feeding the bean aphids for natural enemies in the seedling culture container 2.
Example 2:
an indoor raising method of bean aphids comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) cultivation of bean seedlings
① the bean seed soaking solution is prepared by weighing appropriate amount of sterile water, weighing gibberellin A, adding into sterile water, stirring, and making into soaking solution with concentration of 0.5 mg/L;
② soaking semen Phaseoli, which is obtained by placing semen Phaseoli in plastic basin, spreading, adding soaking solution at water level 2cm higher than semen Phaseoli for 12 hr, wherein the size of the plastic basin is selected according to the number of semen Phaseoli soaked;
③ germinating bean seeds by taking out the soaked bean seeds, draining, putting into a plastic film bag together with a plastic basin containing the bean seeds, sealing, germinating for 3 days until the bean seeds grow about 3mm roots, and bottling the soaking solution with a plastic bottle;
④ Bean seedling cultivation comprises placing bamboo fiber cloth seedling material with specification of W =25cm and H =25cm at the bottom of plastic pot seedling container 1 with specification of phi =10cm and H =10cm, cutting the seedling material according to the shape and size of the container bottom before placing, spreading semen Phaseoli bean seeds on the bamboo fiber cloth seedling material without overlapping bean seeds, placing the seedling containers in an overlapping manner, pressing a weight of about 500g on the seedling container at the top, adjusting the vertical sequence of the containers every day until a tender bud with length of 0.5cm grows out, removing the weight, placing the seedling containers on an experiment table in a horizontal arrangement, inoculating Aphis virescens when the tender bud of semen Phaseoli grows to 3 + -0.2 cm, cultivating for 10d, and using plastic pot container 2 with phi =30cm and H =10cm, and cultivating the number of seedling container 2 is 3 times of that of seedling container 1 according to the method of the above container 1.
(2) Inoculation of Aphis fabae
Collecting Aphis fabae on leguminous plants, returning the Aphis fabae to the room, transferring the Aphis fabae into a seedling culture container 1 with 3 +/-0.2 cm of small red bean buds, and placing the Aphis fabae on a seedling culture material;
(3) propagation of seed bean aphids
When the bean seedlings of the small red beans in the seedling culture container 1 are full of bean aphids, cutting the bean seedlings of the small red beans into small sections, wherein 50 +/-5 aphids exist in each section, transferring the bean seedling sections with the aphids into the seedling culture container 1 with newly-cultured bean sprouts of 3 +/-0.2 cm in length, and transferring 500 +/-2 bean aphids into each seedling culture container 1;
(4) aphis fabae propagation expanding method for propagating natural enemies
And (3) when the bean aphids grow on the small red bean seedlings in the seedling culture container 1 in the expanding propagation of the bean aphids of provenance in the step (3), putting a stainless steel bracket with the specification of phi =9cm and H =4cm into the seedling culture container 2, putting the seedling culture container 1 on the bracket, taking out the seedling culture container 1 and the stainless steel bracket after 1 day, putting the seedling culture container 1 and the stainless steel bracket into a new seedling culture container 2, repeating for 5 times, and feeding the bean aphids for natural enemies in the seedling culture container 2.