CN102301982A - Method for propagating Aphidius gifuensis by pea aphids - Google Patents
Method for propagating Aphidius gifuensis by pea aphids Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for propagating Aphidius gifuensis by pea aphids. The method provided by the invention utilizes two facilities including a seedling culture big shed and a field small shed and takes broad beans and peas as host plants for propagating aphids; the method takes the pea aphids as host aphids for propagating Aphidius gifuensis and then the propagated Aphidius gifuensis are released to a large-scale tobacco field to kill the aphids on tobacco leaves. The method selects the broad bean seeds and the pea seeds and then tender green bean plants are cultivated in a big greenhouse or the small shed built in the fields; the pea aphids are inoculated on the bean plants and then the pea aphids are propagated; then the Aphidius gifuensis is inoculated on the tender bean plants which is propagated with a lot of pea aphids and then the Aphidius gifuensis is propagated. Then a lot of propagated Aphidius gifuensis are released into the large-scale tobacco field to kill the aphids on tobacco leaves. Finally, the aim of biologically preventing and treating aphids is realized and the pesticide pollution caused by preventing the aphids is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of acyrthosiphum pisim breeding aphidius gifuensis, belong to pest biological control technical field, both be applicable to vega control cigarette aphid, also be applicable to the control of aphids of big agriculture crop.
Background technology
Aphidius gifuensis is prevented and treated the middle discovery of applying of cigarette aphid technology; With flue-cured tobacco aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis; Be prone to cause anthropochory's cigarette aphid during bulk storage deadlock aphid, propagate tobacco virus; Breeding aphidius gifuensis efficient is lower, breeding aphidius gifuensis cost is more high, is the middle problem demanding prompt solution of applying of current aphidius gifuensis control cigarette aphid technology.At present in the documents and materials, there is not the parasitic acyrthosiphum pisim of aphidius gifuensis and with the report of acyrthosiphum pisim breeding aphidius gifuensis.Find that after deliberation under field conditions (factors), aphidius gifuensis is not liked parasitic acyrthosiphum pisim; But under less space and sealing condition, aphidius gifuensis but can effective parasitic acyrthosiphum pisim.The prerequisite of the aphis propagation viroses of plant is that aphid will be stung the suction host plant; The aphidius gifuensis of breeding out with acyrthosiphum pisim equally can parasitic cigarette aphid; Acyrthosiphum pisim is worldwide insect, is distributed widely in all parts of the country, in the parthenogenesis of the annual battalion of China's southern area; Do not have the phenomenon of obviously surviving the winter, in 20-30 generations, took place in year.This be utilize acyrthosiphum pisim substitute cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis provide maybe with more favourable basic condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the method for open acyrthosiphum pisim breeding aphidius gifuensis; High to solve the cost that exists with cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis in the prior art; Propagate the germ of unfavorable cigarette strain growth and the problem of insect pest easily; The aphidius gifuensis of breeding is used to prevent and treat the tobacco aphid of harm tobacco leaf healthy growth, avoids or reduces the pesticide pollution that uses the chemical pesticide desinsection to cause.
Concrete scheme is: adopt grow seedlings booth and two kinds of facilities of field hut; With broad bean, pea as numerous aphid host plant; With the host aphid of acyrthosiphum pisim, through cultivating the beans strain, connect the numerous aphid of aphid, connecing the measure of the numerous beekeeping equipment body technique of honeybee and breed the aphidius gifuensis that is used for vega control tobacco leaf aphid as the breeding aphidius gifuensis.Again the aphidius gifuensis bulk storage of breeding is eliminated the aphid on the tobacco leaf in the vega of big section.
The booth of wherein growing seedlings breeding aphid cocoon honeybee step is:
Cultivate the beans strain, 1, press earlier 1000Kg native, the proportioning that adds 200Kg well-rotted farmyard manure, 10Kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate is got material; Fully mix be mixed even, the heap sealing the fermentation be no less than 30 days, add 100g carbendazim, 100g chlorophos again; Mix is even; To nutrition soil pesticide and disinfectant, promptly make nutrition soil, it is subsequent use in the flowerpot that the diameter got ready and height dimension be 25.0cm nutrition soil to be packed into again; 2, with broad bean, pea as cultivating numerous aphid host plant, choose then that anosis worm, the broad bean of full seed, the pea of results are the beans kind, soaked 1-2 days with clear water, treat the skin of beancurd spalling, sow when exposing plumule; 3, type of seeding is that each flowerpot is broadcast 4 beans kinds, is equally spaced, and the beans kind is pressed in the topsoil, covers the thick nutrition soil of 1cm again, in time waters, and makes nutrition soil fully moistening, with the seeding method with two broad beans of basin, two peas; 4, flowerpot is put with tight snap rectangle in canopy, leaves the passage of convenient management; 5, between the seeding stage in the canopy temperature control at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, temperature of shed if surpass 30 ℃ in time aeration-cooling, the tender seedling of sun burns is avoided in the back sunshade in time of emerging; 6, water and fertilizer management, when bean seedlings long to 3cm when high, with 100 flowerpots with 200g tobacco special use N:P
2O
5: K
2The mixed liquor that the composite fertilizer of O=1:1:1 and 100g urea are converted water 100Kg waters to be executed; Every afterwards rich water of executing the said method preparation at a distance from 7-10 days once, and the straw that covering is cut short on basin soil prevents the covering of moisture rapid evaporation.
Connect the numerous aphid of aphid, 1, the beans kind sowed the back 40-45 days, the beans strain is long to about the 30cm height, when the 4-5 impeller blade is arranged, adopts method, inoculates aphid, i.e. and the more beans strain of clip kind aphid will be planted aphid and shaken off waiting to connect in the strain of aphid beans, 8-15 kind aphids of every basin inoculation; 2, connect aphid after one week, pat beans strain top with waddy, agitation beans strain top aphid comes off the part bean aphid, makes it get back to beans strain lower blade voluntarily from the pelvic surface of sacrum soil of falling and breeds, and beans strain top and the bottom aphid distributes even relatively; 3, observe beans strain growing state, replenish nitrogenous fertilizer and moisture in good time, keep the light green of beans strain blade, satisfy the tender habit requirement of becoming of bean aphid, guarantee that the bean aphid population quantity constantly increases; Measures such as 4, temperature, humidity regulation are hung the psychrometer of monitor temperature, humidity in canopy, and ceiling and canopy side open cloth sunshade net on transom, the canopy, water make warm in the canopy, humidity be controlled at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, RH70% ± 5%; 5, natural enemy control adopts electronic suction honeybee device to remove or the artificial natural enemy of aphid of sneaking into the interior ladybug of canopy, flower stinkbug, fleahopper, syrphus fly class of catching, and guarantees the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim breeding amount.
Connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee, promptly inoculate aphidius gifuensis and breeding aphidius gifuensis, inoculate as kind of honeybee with aphidius gifuensis;
1, connect honeybee opportunity and connect honeybee amount, when the amount of the acyrthosiphum pisim in the strain of every basin beans reaches 1000, connect honeybee, measure with honeybee: aphid amount=1:100 controls and connects honeybee quantity; 2, connect the stiff aphid of honeybee method: a and connect the honeybee method: promptly place tobacco leaf that a large amount of stiff aphids are arranged or cigarette strain in numerous honeybee canopy; Seek the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily after letting into bee eclosion; B becomes honeybee to connect the honeybee method: be with inhaling the one-tenth honeybee that the honeybee device is collected, be released in numerous honeybee canopy, appointing into honeybee and seek the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily; Breeding bee tube reason: be controlled at warm, humidity under 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, the suitable condition of RH70% ± 5%; Through about the 10 days a large amount of stiff aphids of formation; Parasitic rate reaches more than 90%, after 10-15 days, collects stiff aphid leaf and becomes honeybee to be put into the cigarette aphid that produces on the tobacco leaf of control land for growing field crops in the cigarette ground.
Wherein the field hut is bred the aphidius gifuensis step:
1, before large tracts of land is planted cigarette 45-50 days, the flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops of selected contiguous plant was sowed wholely and is cultivated the beans strain.According to the size specification of hut of design, put in order ground, broad bean, pea are urged tooth by aforesaid method, broadcast in the plot with two kinds of alternate mixed seeding modes of beans kind, be interrupted and increase nitrogen fertilizer application, the strain of maintenance beans is light green, and lets the breeding of migrating voluntarily of the existing pea aphid in field; 2, on the plot that cultivates the beans strain; Build the hut of breeding aphidius gifuensis by the size in plot, treat in the canopy that the beans strain grows when vigorous, from big temperature canopy or nearby, gather pea aphid kind in the farmland; By the method that in booth, connects aphid, with the amount inoculation acyrthosiphum pisim of 15-20 of every strain beans strain inoculations; 3, during the breeding acyrthosiphum pisim, through fertilizer irrigation, make in the canopy soil conservation moistening, the beans strain is stood upright vigorous, and to the acyrthosiphum pisim on the plant through striking the bat mode, make its distributing homogeneity; 4, connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee, the individual plant aphid amount in the beans strain of observing reaches 300 when above, can adopt to connect the identical technology of the numerous honeybee of honeybee with big temperature canopy and accomplish and connect the numerous honeybee operation of honeybee in the hut; From big temperature canopy, gather kind of a honeybee; Press aphidius gifuensis: the amount of acyrthosiphum pisim=1:50, aphidius gifuensis is put in the beans strain of covering with aphid, observe stiff aphid and form in a large number; Or become honeybee to sprout wings in a large number, in time bulk storage is prevented and treated the tobacco leaf aphid in large stretch of vega.
Do kind of an aphid kind honeybee child care step and be for breeding acyrthosiphum pisim and aphidius gifuensis next year: build the big temperature canopy and the equipment that installs an air-conditioner with the PC plate; Make environment temperature, humidity be controlled at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, RH70% ± 5%; Employing and aforesaid broad bean, pea are as numerous aphid host plant; Is three identical steps of kind of honeybee with acyrthosiphum pisim as host aphid, the aphidius gifuensis of breeding aphidius gifuensis, child care kind aphid kind honeybee.
Advantage of the present invention is: do not pass aphid and do not pass the main distinction that poison is this breeding bee method and other breeding bee method.Its main feature shows: the one, and the acyrthosiphum pisim flue-cured tobacco of not causing harm is not propagated tobacco virus; The host plant of breeding acyrthosiphum pisim is not propagated tobacco virus yet.The 2nd, numerous honeybee cycle is shorter, and about 2 months, the nursery pond of vacating behind the flue-cured tobacco transplanting capable of using numerous honeybee of growing seedlings; The 3rd, numerous honeybee efficient is higher, cost is lower, continue honeybee, operational administrative is easy, and numerous honeybee expense practices thrift 1/3 than cigarette strain breeding bee method.
Embodiment
A kind of method that substitutes cigarette aphid scale breeding aphidius gifuensis with acyrthosiphum pisim; Mainly be to existing with flue-cured tobacco and cigarette aphid breeding aphidius gifuensis at present: be prone to cause anthropochory's cigarette aphid during bulk storage deadlock aphid, propagate tobacco virus, lower, the numerous honeybee cost of numerous honeybee efficient is studied than problems such as height.Do not pass aphid and pass the main distinction that poison is this breeding bee method and other breeding bee method.Its main feature shows: the one, and the acyrthosiphum pisim flue-cured tobacco of not causing harm is not propagated tobacco virus; The host plant of breeding acyrthosiphum pisim is not propagated tobacco virus yet.The 2nd, numerous honeybee cycle is shorter, and about 2 months, the nursery pond of vacating behind the flue-cured tobacco transplanting capable of using numerous honeybee of growing seedlings; The 3rd, numerous honeybee efficient is higher, cost is lower.
Like parasitism, be easy to the alternative cigarette aphid breeding of prolific acyrthosiphum pisim aphidius gifuensis with the flue-cured tobacco of not causing harm, aphidius gifuensis.The broad bean, pea getting food not propagate tobacco virus, acyrthosiphum pisim hobby, be easy to large scale cultivating are as numerous aphid host plant.
One, the numerous honeybee in the booth of growing seedlings
1. cultivate the beans strain
1.1 nutrition soil is prepared
Plant cigarette or vegetable plot soil and all can be used for cultivating the beans strain.By every 1000kg soil, add the 200kg heap and seal fertilizer (well-rotted farmyard manure 200kg), the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 10kg of fermentation, fully mix the back heap thoroughly and seal more than the fermentation 30d, add carbendazim 100g, chlorophos 100g, fully mix thoroughly, prevent soil worm in spite of illness.The nutrition used soil the utilizes after sealing fermentation by above-mentioned fertilizer ratio heap again.With the ready nutrition soil diameter of packing into is that 25.0cm, high flowerpot for 25.0cm are subsequent use.
1.2 sowing broad bean
To the vernalization of beans kind: buy then, anosis worm, full broad bean or pea as the beans kind from market, soaked 1-2 days, plant skin spalling, plumule and expose and promptly can be used for sowing with clear water.
Sowing time: since the generation of each cigarette district cigarette aphid with put the honeybee time and be not quite similar; Can to guarantee when the cigarette aphid appears in vega in a large number, breeding a large amount of aphidius gifuensis, let fly away in the vega according to putting the honeybee time by above-mentioned numerous reckoning sowing time in honeybee cycle; Kill the cigarette aphid, avoid of the damage of cigarette aphid tobacco leaf.
Type of seeding: with flowerpot dress soil species beans, broadcast in same flowerpot with 2 broad beans and 2 peas, each flowerpot is broadcast 4 beans kinds, is equally spaced.With beans kind push table soil, cover the thick nutrition soil of about 1cm, water while sowing, make nutrition soil fully moistening.Ability covering table soil can reduce water evaporates after pea was grown up, and also can climb along the broad bean plant strain growth, made full use of the growing space.
1.3 control measures:
Flowerpot is put: for making full use of the space, flowerpot closely is placed in together, only need reserve management channels and get final product.
Temperature raising and sunshade: be shortening seedling-growing time, is main with temperature raising, insulation between the seeding stage, when temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, will in time carry out aeration-cooling.Want timely sunshade after emerging, reduce intensity of illumination and temperature.
Water and fertilizer management: because the tender blade of acyrthosiphum pisim happiness food children, so blade is light green to keep, not dehydration is a principle in beans strain management.According to the bean seedlings growing way, according to a small amount of principle fertilising repeatedly.Long to 3cm when high when bean seedlings, convert water 100kg water with 100 basins with 200g composite fertilizer and 100g urea and water and execute; Later on whenever once at a distance from fertilising in 7-10 days according to growing way.Duty is watered, and keeps ground moistening.For reducing water evaporates, after planting can be at some straw of cutting short of basin soil loam cake.
2. connect the numerous aphid of aphid
Acyrthosiphum pisim all can breed the whole year, and the farrowing amount is more than 2 times of cigarette aphid, and single under field conditions (factors) female farrowing amount reaches as high as 138.20～27 ℃ are suitable for growing of acyrthosiphum pisim most, if surpass 30 ℃, the fecundity of acyrthosiphum pisim obviously descends, and alatae produces in a large number, is unfavorable for the accumulation of acyrthosiphum pisim quantity.Strengthen sunshade and ventilated during a large amount of numerous honeybees,, can breed out a large amount of acyrthosiphum pisims at short notice as long as enough beans strains are arranged and plant aphid.
2.1 connect aphid period
After planting 40-45 days, the beans strain can be grown about 30cm, when 4-5 impeller blades are arranged, can connect aphid.Just connect aphid if the beans strain is little and since acyrthosiphum pisim get the growth that food influence the beans strain, be unfavorable for the later stage acyrthosiphum pisim continue breed, make the overall breeding rate reduction of acyrthosiphum pisim.
2.2 connect the aphid amount
Connect aphid and measure 8-15 in general every basin,, then can bring up to 20/basin connecing the aphid amount if will numerous as early as possible honeybee.
2.3 connect the aphid method
Employing is shaken off method and is connect aphid.The beans strain that clip kind aphid is more will be planted aphid and shaken off connecing in the strain of aphid beans.Decline in the beans strain even if plant aphid, ability is strong because acyrthosiphum pisim creeps, and can climb to very soon in the beans strain.
2.4 numerous aphid management
Except that carrying out, also should manage targetedly during numerous aphid based on the characteristics during numerous aphid according to the management of cultivating the beans strain.
Regulating aphid distributes: because the acyrthosiphum pisim hobby is got food at the tender position of plant children, aphid is very big on beans strain top and the lobus cardiacus, and is bigger to the growth effect of beans strain, is unfavorable for the propagation of aphid.Connect the about 1 week back of aphid with the waddy beans strain top of flapping gently, the agitation acyrthosiphum pisim can make the part acyrthosiphum pisim come off.The acyrthosiphum pisim that comes off can climb back the beans strain very soon, and majority is concentrated on the lower blade and breeds, and also can make the aphid distribution on each plant consistent simultaneously, increases numerous aphid amount.
Strengthen water and fertilizer management: along with the growth of beans strain, its liquid manure demand strengthens, and note the management of liquid manure, guarantees that basin soil is moistening.If liquid manure is not enough, beans strain undergrowth, the wilting shape appears, and acyrthosiphum pisim can be fled from a large number.Acyrthosiphum pisim has the tender property that significantly becomes, and in time replenish nitrogenous fertilizer, makes the beans strain keep light green shape, is very necessary to the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim population quantity.
Temperature, humidity regulation: envirment factors such as temperature, humidity not only through influencing the beans strain and then influencing acyrthosiphum pisim, also directly influence growing of acyrthosiphum pisim.In canopy, hang psychrometer, the situation of monitoring temp. and humidity through the adjusting of louver(-vre) and sunshade net, remains on temperature of shed to suit in the scope that acyrthosiphum pisim grows
（22℃±5℃、）。Owing to often water for the beans strain, humidity generally can satisfy the needs (RH70% ± 5%) that acyrthosiphum pisim grows in the canopy.When regulating temperature, humidity, also make ventilation and penetrating light in the canopy, normal powdery mildew, the aphid mildew of sending out also had the better controlled effect.
Natural enemy control: because personnel often come in and go out, and multiple natural enemies such as aphid cocoon honeybee, ladybug, flower stinkbug, fleahopper, syrphus fly also invade canopy endoparasitism, predation acyrthosiphum pisim, the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim quantity is affected greatly during numerous aphid.Can not spray insecticide control, available electronic suction honeybee device is removed, or artificial the seizure.
3. connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee
The key of artificial a large amount of numerous honeybees is that enough host aphids will be arranged.Aphidius gifuensis parasitism after can not accomplish and grow if the aphid individuality is little, nutrients is few most of 1 ages of host aphid.And the acyrthosiphum pisim individuality is bigger, and aphidius gifuensis also can be accomplished growth as if aphid parasitic 1 age, and the numerous honeybee of this character pair is very favourable.
3.1 plant honeybee
For preventing that aphidius gifuensis from producing preference to acyrthosiphum pisim, with the numerous honeybee that goes out of cigarette aphid as kind of a honeybee.
3.2 connect honeybee opportunity and connect the honeybee amount
When average aphid amount reaches 1000/basin, connect honeybee in good time.Connecing honeybee measures with honeybee: aphid 1:100 is advisable.Calculate required kind of honeybee amount of good each numerous honeybee canopy when connecing honeybee earlier and be ready to kind of a honeybee.
3.3 connect the honeybee method
Connect the honeybee method and mainly contain 2 kinds, the one, stiff aphid connects the honeybee method, and the 2nd, become honeybee to connect the honeybee method.It is to place tobacco leaf that a large amount of stiff aphids are promptly arranged or cigarette strain in numerous honeybee canopy that stiff aphid connects the honeybee method, seeks the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily behind the one-tenth bee eclosion.Becoming honeybee to connect the honeybee method is exactly the one-tenth honeybee that inhales the collection of honeybee device to be released to appoint into honeybee in numerous honeybee canopy seek the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily.
3.4 breeding bee tube reason
The breeding bee tube reason is carried out with reference to numerous aphid management.(22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, RH70% ± 5%) under optimum conditions can form a large amount of stiff aphids through 10 days, and parasitic rate reaches more than 90%, can collect stiff aphid leaf after 10-15 days and be gathered into honeybee control land for growing field crops cigarette aphid.
4. plant the child care of aphid kind honeybee
For guaranteeing the needs of a large amount of numerous aphids in the coming year, numerous honeybee, put the honeybee end-of-job then after, need the child care sufficient amount the kind aphid, plant honeybee.The child care time is for then by the end of July at the beginning of 4 months next years, and the child care of plant aphid, planting honeybee relates to equally cultivates host plant, breeding host aphid and three steps of breeding aphidius gifuensis, and its child care is with reference to big temperature canopy breeding bee method.Temperature is than under the low environment in the winter time, and its child care work needs to carry out at the big temperature canopy of numerous honeybee of being built by the PC plate, installs an air-conditioner in the big temperature canopy, under low temperature condition, regulates temperature of shed, makes it to be fit to the growing environment temperature of aphidius gifuensis and bean aphid.
Two, the numerous honeybee of field hut
Owing to adopt the numerous honeybee of acyrthosiphum pisim, do not exist the biography aphid to pass malicious problem; Can start fly net when putting honeybee, appoint into honeybee and spread, seek cigarette aphid parasitism voluntarily, it is easy to put honeybee work ten minutes.So field hut breeding bee method can according to circumstances disperse to build the numerous honeybee of hut, put honeybee at vega, can reduce numerous honeybee cost, improves control efficiency.
1, sowing and management
In flue-cured tobacco contiguous plant land for growing field crops, the specification requirement of pressing field planting broad bean, pea, according to the whole ground of numerous honeybee hut specification, beans kind after the sowing vernalization in 45-50 days before large tracts of land is planted cigarette, broad bean, the alternate mixed seeding of pea.Aphid seldom is convenient to climbing along growth, to improve numerous aphid efficient of pea on the rear lower blade because the broad bean plant grows up.
After planting carry out management such as liquid manure and damage by disease and insect, can suitably increase nitrogen fertilizer amount, to keep the light green of beans strain by the specification requirement of field production.When bean seedlings had 2 impeller blades, acyrthosiphum pisim migrated period on the occasion of the field, on the bean seedlings that usually can migrate, should let alone breeding.Ban use of insecticide.
2, build numerous honeybee hut
Use the field hut of the numerous honeybee of conventional cigarette aphid.
3, connect numerous aphid of aphid and management
3.1 connect the aphid amount
The numerous aphid of aphid that connects of the numerous honeybee of field hut carries out with reference to the specification requirement of the numerous honeybee of big temperature canopy, and its kind aphid is provided by Da Wenpeng, also can in the farmland of locality, gather.When the first tenday period of a month in May, large tracts of land was planted the cigarette completion, numerous honeybee beans strain growth was vigorous, and year aphid ability is strong, helps the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim population quantity.But the field hut receives such environmental effects big, the particularly influence of rainwater and high temperature, and the acyrthosiphum pisim population quantity increases slower.So it meets many that aphid amount should be than big temperature canopy, average every strain can connect 15-20.
3.2 numerous aphid management
Numerous aphid in the hut of field, water and fertilizer management is crucial.Will guarantee ground moistening equally, moisture is sufficient, and plant is stood upright.If weather is arid, in time irrigate.If the wilting shape appears in plant, acyrthosiphum pisim can be fled from.Acyrthosiphum pisim has the tender property that significantly becomes, and has wing or aptery individuality to get food at the tender leaf back side, cigarette strain top mostly.In time replenishing nitrogenous fertilizer, make tobacco leaf keep light green shape, is very favourable to the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim population quantity.According to the distribution situation of aphid, regulate aphid with reference to the numerous aphid method of big temperature canopy and distribute.
4, connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee
The numerous honeybee of honeybee that connects of the numerous honeybee of field hut carries out with reference to the specification requirement of the numerous honeybee of big temperature canopy, when the average aphid amount of beans strain reaches 300 when above, can connect honeybee, and honeybee is provided by Da Wenpeng its kind.Adopt into that honeybee connects the honeybee method or stiff aphid connects the honeybee method, aphidius gifuensis is put into numerous honeybee canopy about than 1:50 by the honeybee aphid.As meet continuous rainfall after connecing honeybee, and can cause a large amount of acyrthosiphum pisims not by parasitism, benefit connects behind the Ying Zaiyu.Form or become honeybee to sprout wings in a large number when stiff aphid is a large amount of, timely bulk storage.Compare with the numerous honeybee of big temperature canopy, though hut numerous honeybee in field is simple and easy to do, numerous honeybee is subject to weather effect, and the effect instability is its deficiency.
Through test repeatedly, acyrthosiphum pisim to be received in the cigarette strain, acyrthosiphum pisim can be fled from rapidly, has not a particle of the sign that will get the strain of food cigarette.So, also just do not exist acyrthosiphum pisim to propagate the problem of flue-cured tobacco virus disease.
The acyrthosiphum pisim hobby is got broad bean, the pea of food, and cultivation management is easy, the more important thing is and does not propagate tobacco virus.
Because acyrthosiphum pisim is individual big, the aphidius gifuensis individuality that breeding is come out is also big, and body length is more than 2 times of cigarette aphid breeding; Egg laying amount high (lay eggs more than 400 for average every, be 2-2.5 times of cigarette aphid breeding).As kind of a honeybee, can effectively avoid aphidius gifuensis that acyrthosiphum pisim breeds out with the aphidius gifuensis of cigarette aphid breeding, keep parasitic ability the cigarette aphid to the acyrthosiphum pisim preference.
Because the breeding aphidius gifuensis cycle is short; About 2 months; According to the time difference that flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating and breeding aphidius gifuensis are grown seedlings, the nursery pond of vacating behind the flue-cured tobacco transplanting capable of using sowing mixes nutrition soil with the discarded nutrient solution in back of growing seedlings; Not only utilize existing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating facility, also realized twice laid; There is not links such as transplanting, cultivate plant, simple and convenient management, required manpower and materials are less.To becoming honeybee to sprout wings in a large number only February, can breed 1.8 ten thousand of aphidius gifuensis from seeding and seedling raising for every square metre, numerous honeybee expense practices thrift 1/3 than cigarette strain breeding bee method.
Near vega the breeding aphidius gifuensis not only have breeding aphidius gifuensis efficient higher, continue characteristics such as honeybee, operational administrative be easy, and it is convenient to put honeybee, is easy to large scale application.Breed aphidius gifuensis with acyrthosiphum pisim, do not have the problem that aphid passes poison that passes.Disperse the breeding aphidius gifuensis at vega, without removing to lift net, cover net early morning every day, management is got up easy when putting honeybee.Simultaneously, residual acyrthosiphum pisim also can become the host of other natural enemy in the canopy, helps the increase of vega cigarette aphid natural enemy quantity, and the characteristics of field hut breeding aphidius gifuensis have obtained fully playing.
Big temperature canopy of numerous honeybee and present flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth basically identical, its main difference point are that the big temperature canopy of numerous honeybee has between little numerous honeybee that gauze is divided into.The big temperature canopy of numerous honeybee is generally steel frame construction, outer cover fly net and film, and long 32 ~ 50 meters, wide 12～32 meters, 3～3.5 meters of shoulder heights, 4～5 meters of sagitta, 600～1024 square metres of construction areas.Can be according to actual conditions design selected relative dimensions.Around the net canopy that is divided into by gauze in the booth and top all adopts 60 * 35 order fly nets to cover.The requirement permeability is good, can prevent effectively that budworm and bud cocoon honeybee from escaping; Net canopy door folding dependable performance, convenient to use.
The little net canopy in the field of numerous honeybee is installed among the field, and requirement should have certain windproof property, and difficult quilt is dismantled carrying easily.Net canopy skeleton all adopts ∮ 25 * 1.2 galvanizing pipe crimpings to make.Require the anti-corrosion ability good, steel construction piece requires to adopt screw and fastener to connect, and is convenient to install and dismounting, can be repeatedly used, and is easy to transportation; Field little net canopy length 3M, width 3M, height 1.9M, shoulder height 1.3M; Net canopy two ends respectively is provided with the net canopy door that one 1.0M is wide, the high both sides of 1.8M are slide fastener.Around the net canopy and top all adopts 60 * 35 order fly nets to cover.The requirement permeability is good, can prevent effectively that budworm and bud cocoon honeybee from escaping; Net canopy door folding dependable performance, convenient to use.
Claims (4)
1. acyrthosiphum pisim breeds the method for aphidius gifuensis; It is characterized in that adopting grow seedlings booth and two kinds of facilities of field hut; With broad bean, pea as numerous aphid host plant; With acyrthosiphum pisim as breeding aphidius gifuensis host aphid, through cultivating the beans strain, connect the numerous aphid of aphid, connecing the measure of the numerous beekeeping equipment body technique of honeybee and breed the aphidius gifuensis that is used for vega control tobacco leaf aphid.
2. the method for acyrthosiphum pisim breeding aphidius gifuensis according to claim 1, the booth that it is characterized in that growing seedlings breeding aphidius gifuensis step is:
Cultivate the beans strain, 1, press earlier 1000Kg native, the proportioning that adds 200Kg well-rotted farmyard manure, 10Kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate is got material; Fully mix be mixed even, the heap sealing the fermentation be no less than 30 days, add 100g carbendazim, 100g chlorophos again; Mix is even; To nutrition soil pesticide and disinfectant, make nutrition soil, it is subsequent use in the flowerpot that the diameter got ready and height dimension be 25.0cm nutrition soil to be packed into again; 2, with broad bean, pea as cultivating numerous aphid host plant, choose then that anosis worm, the broad bean of full seed, the pea of results are the beans kind, soaked 1-2 days with clear water, treat the skin of beancurd spalling, sow when exposing plumule; 3, type of seeding is that each flowerpot is broadcast 4 beans kinds, is equally spaced, and the beans kind is pressed in the topsoil, covers the thick nutrition soil of 1cm again, in time waters, and makes nutrition soil fully moistening, with the seeding method with two broad beans of basin, two peas; 4, flowerpot is put with tight snap rectangle in canopy, leaves the passage of convenient management; 5, between the seeding stage in the canopy temperature control at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, temperature of shed if surpass 30 ℃ in time aeration-cooling, the tender seedling of sun burns is avoided in the back sunshade in time of emerging; 6, water and fertilizer management, when bean seedlings long to 3cm when high, with 100 flowerpots with 200g tobacco special use N:P
2O
5: K
2The mixed liquor that the composite fertilizer of O=1:1:1 and 100g urea are converted water 100Kg waters to be executed; Every afterwards rich water of executing the said method preparation at a distance from 7-10 days once, and the straw that covering is cut short on basin soil prevents the covering of moisture rapid evaporation;
Connect the numerous aphid of aphid, 1, the beans kind sowed the back 40-45 days, the beans strain is long to about the 30cm height, when the 4-5 impeller blade is arranged, adopts method, inoculates aphid, i.e. and the more beans strain of clip kind aphid will be planted aphid and shaken off waiting to connect in the strain of aphid beans, 8-15 kind aphids of every basin inoculation; 2, connect aphid after one week, pat beans strain top with waddy, agitation beans strain top aphid comes off the part bean aphid, makes it get back to beans strain lower blade voluntarily from the pelvic surface of sacrum soil of falling and breeds, and beans strain top and the bottom aphid distributes even relatively; 3, observe beans strain growing state, replenish nitrogenous fertilizer and moisture in good time, keep the light green of beans strain blade, satisfy the tender habit requirement of becoming of bean aphid, guarantee that the bean aphid population quantity constantly increases; Measures such as 4, temperature, humidity regulation are hung the psychrometer of monitor temperature, humidity in canopy, and ceiling and canopy side open cloth sunshade net on transom, the canopy, water make warm in the canopy, humidity be controlled at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, RH70% ± 5%; 5, natural enemy control adopts electronic suction honeybee device to remove or the artificial natural enemy of aphid of sneaking into the interior ladybug of canopy, flower stinkbug, fleahopper, syrphus fly class of catching, and guarantees the growth of acyrthosiphum pisim breeding amount;
Connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee, promptly inoculate aphidius gifuensis and breeding aphidius gifuensis, inoculate as kind of honeybee with aphidius gifuensis;
1, connect honeybee opportunity and connect honeybee amount, when the amount of the acyrthosiphum pisim in the strain of every basin beans reaches 1000, connect honeybee, measure with honeybee: aphid amount=1:100 controls and connects honeybee quantity; 2, connect the stiff aphid of honeybee method: a and connect the honeybee method: promptly place tobacco leaf that a large amount of stiff aphids are arranged or cigarette strain in numerous honeybee canopy; Seek the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily after letting into bee eclosion; B becomes honeybee to connect the honeybee method: be with inhaling the one-tenth honeybee that the honeybee device is collected, be released in numerous honeybee canopy, appointing into honeybee and seek the acyrthosiphum pisim parasitism voluntarily; Breeding bee tube reason: be controlled at temperature, humidity under 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, the suitable condition of RH70% ± 5%, form a large amount of stiff aphids through about 10 days, parasitic rate reaches more than 90%, after 10-15 days, collects stiff aphid leaf and becomes honeybee to be put into and prevent and treat land for growing field crops cigarette aphid in the cigarette ground.
3. the method for acyrthosiphum pisim according to claim 1 breeding aphidius gifuensis is characterized in that field hut breeding aphidius gifuensis step: 1, before large tracts of land is planted cigarette 45-50 days, and the flue-cured tobacco land for growing field crops of selected contiguous plant; Sow wholely and cultivate the beans strain; According to the size specification of the hut that designs, put in order ground, broad bean, pea are urged tooth by aforesaid method; Broadcast in the plot with two kinds of alternate mixed seeding modes of beans kind; Be interrupted and increase nitrogen fertilizer application, keep the beans strain light green, and let the breeding of migrating voluntarily of the existing pea aphid in field; 2, on the plot that cultivates the beans strain; Build the hut of breeding aphidius gifuensis by the size in plot, treat in the canopy that the beans strain grows when vigorous, from big temperature canopy or nearby, gather pea aphid kind in the farmland; By the method that in booth, connects aphid, with the amount inoculation acyrthosiphum pisim of 15-20 of every strain beans strain inoculations; 3, during the breeding acyrthosiphum pisim, through fertilizer irrigation, make in the canopy soil conservation moistening, the beans strain is stood upright vigorous, and to the acyrthosiphum pisim on the plant through striking the bat mode, make its distributing homogeneity; 4, connect the numerous honeybee of honeybee, the individual plant aphid amount in the beans strain of observing reaches 300 when above, can adopt to connect the identical technology of the numerous honeybee of honeybee with big temperature canopy and accomplish and connect the numerous honeybee operation of honeybee in the hut; From big temperature canopy, gather kind of a honeybee; Press aphidius gifuensis: the amount of acyrthosiphum pisim=1:50, aphidius gifuensis is put in the beans strain of covering with aphid, observe stiff aphid and form in a large number; Or become honeybee to sprout wings in a large number, timely bulk storage.
4. breed the method for aphidius gifuensis according to claim 1,2 or 3 described acyrthosiphum pisims; It is characterized in that being: build the big temperature canopy and the equipment that installs an air-conditioner with the PC plate for doing kind of an aphid kind honeybee child care step next year; Make environment temperature, humidity be controlled at 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃, RH70% ± 5%; Adopt and aforesaid breeding host plant, host aphid three steps identical, child care kind aphid kind honeybee with aphidius gifuensis.
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