CN115152704A - Natural enemy release method, application of natural enemy release method in pest control and corn field pest control method - Google Patents
Natural enemy release method, application of natural enemy release method in pest control and corn field pest control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural enemy release method, application of the natural enemy release method in pest control and a corn field pest control method, and belongs to the technical field of pest control. The natural enemy release method is characterized in that: 2-4 release points are arranged in each mu of field, the distance between every two release points is 25-30 meters, and the number of the natural enemies released by each release point is 15-18. Experiments prove that the control effect of the net cover releasing 3-4 instar nymphs of harris serissoides on Spodoptera frugiperda is 75.96%, and the control effect of the net cover-free releasing 3-4 instar nymphs of harris serissoides on Spodoptera frugiperda is 61.49%. The net cover releases 3-4-year-old lygus forked larvae, and the corn yield reaches 8784.45kg ‑2 The larvas of 3-4 years old harlequin glorybower are released without a net cover, and the yield of the corn reaches 8298.60kg ‑2 。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a natural enemy release method, application of the natural enemy release method in pest control and a corn field pest control method.
Background
The lygus aristatus Eocanthaceae (wolff) belongs to the family Euschisaceae of the family Hemiptera, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is distributed in multiple provinces in south China, and is an important predatory natural enemy insect. The predation range is wide, nymphs and adults can prey on eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of various phytophagous pests such as lepidoptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera, hemiptera and the like, and the population quantity of the pests can be controlled to a certain degree. The harlequin cinquefoil also has the characteristics of early occurrence, long time, large predation amount, wide predation range, strong activity, capability of generating a plurality of generations in one year and the like, so the harlequin cinquefoil has great application potential in the biological control aspect of the lepidoptera pests of corns and can be used as ideal biological control power of the lepidoptera pests.
Spodoptera frugiperda (also called fall armyworm) (academic name: spodoptera frugiperda) native continents america belong to Lepidoptera noctuidae, the spodoptera frugiperda has wide suitable growing area, strong migratory flight capability, high reproductive capacity and serious damage degree, can damage more than 80 crops, is most easily harmful to the crops such as corn, wheat, rice, sorghum and the like, can reduce the yield by 20-40% in severe cases, and has migrated into more than 20 provinces in China after the Spodoptera frugiperda first invades Yunan Jiangcheng county in China in 2019 month, thereby seriously threatening the safety of agriculture and food production in China.
The corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis, hubern), also called corn borer, belongs to lepidoptera and stem borer families, is a metamorphosis insect, and the larva of the corn borer mainly damages crops such as corn, sorghum, millet and the like, and the damaged parts comprise stems, leaves, fruits, filaments, pollen, grains and the like, so that the photosynthesis of the crops can be reduced, the nutrient transportation is influenced, various secondary diseases and the like are generated, the yield and the quality of the crops are seriously reduced, and the corn borer belongs to world-wide pests.
Corn armyworm (Mythimnaseparata walker) is one of the major pests commonly found in corn crop pests. Belongs to Lepidoptera, spodoptera, also known as March, and has a length of 17-20 mm, a light grey brown or yellow brown color, and a dark male moth color. When the larvae overeat the corn leaves and severe outbreak happens, the leaves are exposed in a short time, so that the yield is reduced and even the larvae are not harvested.
Armyworm (also known as wood insect, armyworm, commonly known as caicaichong and mairei) is a parasitic, migratory and intermittent explosive pest of grain crops such as wheat, corn, sorghum, rice and the like and pasture grass, and is particularly favorable for gramineous plants. Except for the northwest local area, the other areas are distributed. When the armyworm is outbreak, the armyworm can eat the leaves of the crops, and the growth of the crops is seriously damaged.
At present, the prevention and control method of pests in the growth period of corn mainly focuses on chemical prevention and control, most chemical insecticides have the defects of high toxicity, environmental pollution caused by long-term use and the like, and chemical pesticides are used for a long time, so that the drug resistance is very serious, and great difficulty is brought to chemical prevention and control; the research of biological control of corn growth period pests by using natural enemy insect harlequin fleshy bugs is mostly carried out in laboratories, but the insects are released in actual fields and are subjected to climatic reasons, such as: the influence of factors such as humidity, temperature, illumination, rainfall and the like, as well as the migration habit of the insect and the influence of other insects or microorganisms in the field are also considered, and the wider and larger the space is, the lower the predation rate of the natural enemies to the pests and the poorer the predation effect are known in the field.
The field needs to develop a method for releasing natural enemies suitable for the open space of the field, which can improve the population reduction rate of pests, and can reduce the release density of the natural enemies and the cost to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In light of the above-identified deficiencies and needs in the art, the present invention provides a method of releasing natural enemies and their use for controlling pests.
The technical scheme claimed by the invention is as follows:
a method for releasing natural enemies is characterized in that 2-4 release points are arranged in each mu of field, the distance between every two release points is 25-30 meters, and the number of the natural enemies released by each release point is 15-18.
The number of release points is 3.
The natural enemy is harlequin glorybower;
preferably, the natural predator pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, ostrinia nubilalis, corn armyworm or armyworm.
The natural enemy release method is applied to the prevention and control of corn field pests.
The natural enemy is harlequin bugs; the pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, ostrinia nubilalis, corn armyworm or armyworm.
The method for preventing and controlling the pests in the corn field is characterized in that the pests are prevented and controlled by adopting the natural enemy release method.
When the strain damage rate of the corn field reaches 5% -12%, the harlequin fleahawood is released.
When the plant damage rate of the corn field reaches 5% -7% in the small-horn mouth period of the corn, the fleahopper pronghorn is released, and/or when the plant damage rate of the corn field reaches 10% -12% in the large-horn mouth period of the corn, the fleahopper pronghorn is released.
The released harlequin fleshy bugs are 3-4 age harlequin fleshy bugs.
3 release points are arranged in each mu of field in the small trumpet-shaped corn period, and each release point releases 13-17 heads of 3-4-year harlequin larvas nymphs, and/or 3 release points are arranged in each mu of field in the large trumpet-shaped corn period, and each release point releases 20-23 heads of 3-4-year harlequin larvas nymphs;
preferably, a mesh enclosure is arranged on each mu of land with 3 release points;
preferably, the mesh of the net cover is 60-80 meshes.
The invention firstly provides an optimal natural enemy release scheme suitable for a field open space, and the harlequin glorybower bugs are used as natural enemies to prey corn growth period pests; including Spodoptera frugiperda, sesamia maydis, myxophaga zeae, and Myxophaga nubilalis; and is suitable for use in corn fields. Experiments prove that 8-month 21 investigation on the control effect of 3-4 instar nymphs of harringtonia furcifera on spodoptera frugiperda is 75.96%, and 8-month 21 investigation on the control effect of 3-4 instar nymphs of harringtonia furcifera on spodoptera frugiperda is 61.49%. The net cover releases 3-4-year-old lygus forked larvae, and the corn yield reaches 8784.45kg -2 The larvas of 3-4 years old harlequin glorybower are released without a net cover, and the yield of the corn reaches 8298.60kg -2 。
In the natural enemy release method, the following innovative operations are proposed for the first time:
1. 2-4 release points are arranged in each mu of field, the number of the natural enemies released by each point is 10-15, and the distance between the release points is 25-30 meters.
2. The damage rate of the corn plants in the small-horn period reaches 5% -7%, and the prevention and control index of the corn plants in the large-horn period reaches 10% -12% is used as the best period for releasing natural enemies.
3.3-4 th natural enemy nymphs are the best age for preventing and controlling corn field pest Spodoptera frugiperda.
4. The corn big trumpet period is initiated to release about 40-50 heads of 3-4 instars of lygus pluvialis at three points per mu, and the corn big trumpet period is initiated to release about 60-70 heads of 3-4 instars of lygus pluvialis at three points per mu, so that the optimal release quantity can be obtained for preventing and controlling the corn field pest spodoptera frugiperda.
The method utilizes natural enemy insects to control pests, innovates a new way of 'net type cooperative regulation' for cooperatively controlling the various pests by the various natural enemy insects, explores and establishes a stable farmland ecosystem which can maintain itself and can continuously reduce pest population level, reduces the use amount of chemical pesticides in a demonstration area, increases the diversity of farmland natural enemy biological communities, improves the green prevention and control level of large agriculture, effectively promotes the reduction and pest control of pesticides and reduces the overproof risk of pesticide residue of agricultural products. The invention reduces the release amount of natural enemies to the maximum extent, obtains higher pest population reduction rate compared with the best control effect of field pests reported in the prior art, reduces the waste of natural enemy resources, maintains species density balance, reduces cost and obtains better pest control effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a field diagram of release of a field natural enemy provided with a mesh enclosure and without the mesh enclosure.
FIG. 2 is a field view of a field natural enemy release device; the method comprises the steps of loading the fleahopper harlequin in a paper cup-shaped container on a release site, arranging 15 heads of each cup, arranging a cover on the upper opening of the paper cup-shaped container, reserving a movable opening of 1cm multiplied by 1cm on the cover, and facilitating the climbing-out of the fleahopper harlequin, wherein the bottom of the paper cup-shaped container is fixed by a bamboo stick and is inserted into field soil at the root of corn.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph comparing the control effect of 3-4 th nymphs of Adina rupestris with and without a mesh on Spodoptera frugiperda.
Figure 4 control effect on corn borer after releasing 3-4 instar larvae of harris corina.
FIG. 5 shows the control effect of the 3-4 instar larvae of Degusurin on corn armyworm.
Fig. 6 shows the control effect on myxophora after 3-4 instar larvae of harlequin.
The ordinate of fig. 3 to 6 represents the percentage of the control effect with percentage removed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative and illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Group 1 example, natural enemy Release method of the present invention
The present group of embodiments provides a method of releasing a natural enemy. The present group of embodiments all have the following common features: 2-4 release points are arranged in each mu of field, the distance between every two release points is 25-30 meters, and the number of the natural enemies released by each release point is 15-18.
Considering that insects are released in the actual field, they are subjected to climatic causes, such as: the invention firstly proposes that the insects are released at 2-4 points in each area of the field, the optimal distance setting between the release points and the optimal release quantity of each release point are set, so that the natural enemy insects are uniformly distributed in the field to obtain the optimal predation effect, and the optimal control purpose of the pests which are most predated by the least quantity of the natural enemy insects is achieved.
In a specific embodiment, the number of release points is 3.
In some embodiments, the natural enemy is lygus pronatus;
preferably, the natural predator pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, ostrinia nubilalis, corn armyworm or armyworm.
The harlequin glorybower is a predatory natural enemy, is good for group operations, and is praised as a pest predation king. The larvae of 2-5 th and adults can prey on prey, and can prey on larvae for 8-10 days (4-5 days for the higher larvae) when the larvae of 3 th enter a binge eating period. The harlequin glorybower can quickly find and lock pests to quickly attack, and the piercing-sucking mouthparts pierce into paralytic preys in the spodoptera frugiperda and suck body fluid to cause death of the spodoptera frugiperda, and the harlequin glorybower at the age of 3 can independently attack larvae of the spodoptera frugiperda; the first 4 th-instar harleys harlequin can stop resisting the 5 th-instar spodoptera frugiperda larvae within 90s, the predation period of the spodoptera frugiperda larvae is as long as about 2 months, and the imagoes are continuously bred for offspring in the predation process, so that the effective control period of more than 2 months can be maintained after one release.
Group 2 use of the method for releasing natural enemies of the invention for controlling pests
This group of embodiments provides for the use of the method of releasing a natural enemy as provided in any of group 1 of embodiments to control corn field pests.
In some embodiments, the natural enemy is lygus pronatus; the pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, sesamia zeae, comyza sativae, or Comyza sativae.
Group 3 example corn field Pest control method of the invention
The group of embodiments provides a corn field pest control method. All embodiments of this group share the following common features: the method for releasing natural enemies provided by any of the examples in group 1 is used for controlling pests.
In some embodiments, the harlequin was released when the strain damage rate of the corn field reached 5% -12%.
The hazard rate has a conventional technical meaning commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the agricultural arts, and generally refers to: plant damage rate = (plant damage rate/number of actual survey plants) × 100%.
In other embodiments, the harris lotus is released when the rate of plant damage in the corn field reaches 5% -7% during the small flare period of the corn, and/or the harris lotus is released when the rate of plant damage in the corn field reaches 10% -12% during the large flare period of the corn.
The corn flabellum stage has the technical meaning well known to those skilled in the art of corn planting, and generally means the corn growth stage in which the corn plant has 12 to 13 visible leaves, 7 unfolded leaves, and a heart-leaf shape similar to a flabellum. The large bell-mouth stage of the corn has the technical meaning well known to those skilled in the corn planting field, and generally refers to the growth stage of the corn in which most of the leaves of the corn are visible but not fully expanded, the heart leaves are bushy, the top is flat and hollow, and the shape is similar to that of the large bell-mouth;
the large flare (the leaf age index is 55-60%, and the 11 th to 12 th leaves are unfolded), the large flare period of the corn is the period from node extraction to castration, the growth of roots, stems and leaves is very vigorous, the volume is rapidly enlarged, the dry weight is rapidly increased, meanwhile, tassels are grown to be mature, the organs begin to compete for nutrients, and the contradiction among groups, individuals and individuals is increasingly prominent. In the small trumpet mouth period, the second-generation cotton bollworms, the second-generation armyworms and the first-generation corn borers are harmful in the later period, the pests are old, diseases such as brown spots begin to infect, and heart leaf rot begins to attack. The large trumpet mouth period is the initial stage of damage to the third generation of cotton bollworms, the third generation of armyworms and the second generation of corn borers, and also the initial stage of damage to diseases such as cercospora brown spots, big and small spot diseases, curvularia leaf spots and the like. Is also a key period for preventing corn lodging.
In a specific embodiment, the released harlequin fleshy bugs are 3-4 age harlequin fleshy bugs.
In a preferred embodiment, 3 release points are arranged in each mu of field in the small trumpet period of the corn, and each release point releases 13-17 heads of 3-4 years old harris larvas nymphs, and/or 3 release points are arranged in each mu of field in the large trumpet period of the corn, and each release point releases 20-23 heads of 3-4 years old harris larvas nymphs;
preferably, a mesh enclosure is arranged on each mu of land provided with 3 release points;
preferably, the mesh of the net cover is 60-80 meshes.
In some embodiments, the mesh enclosure structure is a steel frame nylon mesh enclosure 8 meters long, 5 meters wide, 2 meters high, with a semicircular ceiling, one for each mu of field, without covering the entire mesh enclosure with the entire mu of field. In some periods, the field control effect of the net cover is better than that of the field control effect without the net cover; in some periods, the field control effect without the net cover is better than that with the net cover.
Experimental example 1 experiment for controlling corn pest Spodoptera frugiperda by using natural enemy insect, namely, lygus pratensis
Test field location: chuxiong city demonstration area in south China county of Chuxiong city and Chuxiong city demonstration area
1. The experiment for preventing and controlling corn pest Spodoptera frugiperda by using natural enemy insect harlequin bugs comprises the following steps:
1) Breeding excellent high-yield varieties: selecting a high-yield disease-resistant variety which has a long approval and popularization growth period and a high seed germination rate and is locally expressed in 2-3 years; 2) And (3) sufficient base fertilizer application in tillage and tillage: before sowing, the land needs to be turned over, impurities in the land are removed, the land is leveled, a high-quality environment is provided for the growth of corns, meanwhile, the base number of pests can be reduced, the nutrition quantity required by the growth of the corns is large, in addition, the land is lack of nutrient elements due to continuous cultivation, sufficient base fertilizer needs to be applied before sowing, 1000-1500kg of fully-decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu, the farmyard manure is uniformly spread in the field, 30kg of calcium phosphate fertilizer is applied in a pond, and 30-40kg of ternary compound fertilizer is contained per mu; 3) Early sowing in due time and reasonable close planting: sowing seeds for 5 months, 15 days to 5 months, 30 days, planting 3200-4000 plants per mu, planting 1-2 seeds per hole with average row spacing (65-80) cm x (26-40 cm), and covering soil with 5-6cm. The deep layer and the shallow part are consistent and are uniformly covered; 4) And (3) post-emergence field management: when 3-4 leaves of corn emerge, seedling checking and filling up, thinning and final singling are carried out, shallow hoeing at the seedling edges and deep hoeing in rows are carried out before sowing nodes (5-8 leaf periods), and intertillage ridging is combined; 5kg of urea is used for topdressing fertilizer per mu in the 4-6 leaf period of the corn, and 10-15kg of spike fertilizer is used per mu in the large flare period of the 8-10 leaves of the corn; 5) Releasing natural enemy insect harlequin glorybower bugs to prevent and control corn pest Spodoptera frugiperda:
when the plant damage rate of corn in the small-horn mouth period reaches 5% -7%, the plant damage rate of corn in the large-horn mouth period reaches 10% -12%, 40-50 heads of 3-4 instar harlequin glorythrips per mu in the small-horn mouth period are released at three points, 60-70 heads of 3-4 instar harlequin glorythrips per mu in the large-horn mouth period are released at three points, the corn spodoptera frugiperda is prevented, and the pest control is carried out by not applying insecticidal chemical pesticides in the whole corn growth period.
Through field release investigation, the use amount of chemical pesticides in south China and Chuxiong city in Chuxiong province is reduced by 36.6 percent compared with that in radiology, and the prevention and treatment cost is reduced by 792 yuan/hm 2 The specific data are shown in the following tables 1-3; the control effect of the demonstration area on the corn spodoptera frugiperda reaches 75.96 percent, and the corn yield is improved by 3322.80kg/hm compared with the control (no insects and pesticide are placed) 2 The damage of the diseases and the pests is controlled at a lower level, and the damage rate of the pests is lower than 0.5 percent.
Wherein, the control effect calculation formula is as follows:
control effect = (population deterioration rate-CK population deterioration rate)/(1-CK population deterioration rate) in treatment area;
the population reduction rate (%) = (number of live insects before control-number of live insects after control)/number of live insects before control × 100%.
Meanwhile, plant insect pests are investigated, the investigation frequency is generally 5 days and 1 time, the control effect can be calculated by generally investigating 4-5 times, and continuous investigation in the whole plant growth period is not needed.
The control effect of 3-4 th nymphs of harpactoria furiosa released by the mesh enclosure and the non-mesh enclosure on the spodoptera frugiperda is respectively 75.96 percent and 61.49 percent in 8-21 th investigation.
The statistical tables of the application amount reduction and the control cost reduction of the chemical pesticide for controlling the corn field pests by releasing harlequin glorybower herb are shown in the following tables 1 to 3:
TABLE 1 test Point-data records
| Prevention and control method | Pesticide application amount (mu) | Application times of pesticide (mu) | Statistics of pesticide cost |
| Conventional chemical control | 400 g | 4 times (twice) | 120 Yuan |
| Release harringtonia furcata control | 200 g | 2 times (one time) | 60 yuan |
| Contrast reduction situation | 200 g (50% reduction) | 2 times (one time) | 60 Yuan |
TABLE 2 test Point two data records
| Prevention and control method | Pesticide application amount (mu) | Application times of pesticide (mu) | Statistics of pesticide cost |
| Conventional chemical control | 450 g | 3 times of | 120 yuan |
| Release harpacris control | 300 g | 2 times (one time) | 80 yuan |
| Contrast reduction situation | 150 g (30% reduction) | 1 time of | 40 yuan |
TABLE 3 test Point three data records
| Prevention and treatment method | Pesticide application amount (mu) | Application times of pesticide (mu) | Statistics of pesticide cost (mu) |
| Conventional chemical control | 750 g | 3 times of | 175.5 yuan |
| Release harringtonia furcata control | 500 g | 2 times (one time) | 117 Yuan |
| Contrast reduction situation | 250 g (30% reduction) | 1 time of | 58.5 yuan |
The average data for the three test points is as follows:
the pesticide consumption per mu is reduced by =30% +30% + 50%/3% =36.66%
The pesticide cost per mu is reduced by 60 yuan +40 yuan +58.5 yuan/3= 52.83 yuan.
Experimental example 2 Release of Adonis furiosus for preventing and treating influence of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn yield
The control effect pair of 3-4 th nymphs of lygus pratensis released by arranging and not arranging the mesh enclosure on corn spodoptera frugiperda is shown in fig. 3.
As seen in Table 4, the highest corn yield between treatments tested was the treatment with the net cover releasing 3-4 th instar harlequin larvae8784.45kg. Hm -2 The second place is treatment of 3-4 th instar harlequin larvas released without net cover, which reaches 8298.60kg -2 The lowest yield is a control without laying insects, and the yield reaches 4975.80kg -2 The corn processing yield of the 3-4-year harlequin fleahawood larvae released by the mesh enclosure and the non-mesh enclosure is respectively higher than that of the control and 3808.65kg -2 And 3322.80kg -2 The economic benefit is obvious, and the difference between the difference analysis treatments of the arrival directions is obvious.
Table 4. Release of Adonis furiosus of different ages to control the impact of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn yield
Claims (10)
1. A method for releasing natural enemies is characterized in that 2-4 release points are arranged in each mu of field, the distance between every two release points is 25-30 meters, and the number of the natural enemies released by each release point is 15-18.
2. A natural enemy release method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of release points is 3.
3. The natural enemy release method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural enemy is lygus pronatus;
and/or, the natural predator pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, ostrinia nubilalis, corn armyworm or armyworm.
4. Use of the natural enemy release method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for controlling corn field pests.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the natural enemy is Derris furiosus; the pests are selected from: spodoptera frugiperda, ostrinia nubilalis, corn armyworm or armyworm.
6. A corn field pest control method characterized in that pest control is carried out by the natural enemy release method according to claim 1 or 2.
7. The method for controlling pests in the corn field according to claim 6, wherein the harlequin fleshy bugs are released when the plant damage rate of the corn field reaches 5% -12%.
8. The method for controlling pests in the corn field according to claim 7, wherein the harris durum is released when the plant damage rate of the corn field reaches 5% -7% in the small-horn period of the corn, and/or the harris durum is released when the plant damage rate of the corn field reaches 10% -12% in the large-horn period of the corn.
9. The corn field pest control method of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the harlequin fleshy bugs released are 3-4 age harlequin fleshy bugs.
10. The corn field pest control method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that 3 release points are set per mu of field in the corn small flare period, each release point releasing 13-17 heads of 3-4 years old harris lucorum nymph, and/or 3 release points are set per mu of field in the corn large flare period, each release point releasing 20-23 heads of 3-4 years old harris lucorum nymph;
and/or, arranging a mesh enclosure on each mu of land provided with 3 release points;
and/or the mesh of the net cover is 60-80 meshes.
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