CN108094768B - Wiggler straw fermentation substrate and wiggler cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Wiggler straw fermentation substrate and wiggler cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wiggler straw fermentation substrate and a wiggler cultivation method thereof, which utilize straw resources to cultivate wigglers as biological bait for economic aquatic animals, in particular to bait in the cultivation of ornamental fishes, salmon fries, eel fries and crab fries and the feeding process of young turtles; the wiggler fish feed cultivated by the method has high and stable yield, about 2 kilograms of fresh wigglers can be cultivated in one cultivation period per square meter on average, and the yield can reach 1000 plus 1300 kilograms in one production period per mu; experiment tests show that dry substance of wigglers contains 62.6% of crude protein and 25.3% of crude fat; the invention biologically treats the straws of the agricultural wastes, so that a large amount of saccharides, bacteria, unicellular algae and other food favored by mosquitoes and larvae thereof is produced, and the wigglers are cultivated to provide long-term stable high-quality animal feed for aquatic products, thereby reducing the cultivation cost, and improving the cultivation benefit and the cultivation quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a wiggler straw fermentation substrate and a wiggler cultivation method.
Background
At present, the total annual output of aquatic products in China is about 6000 million tons, wherein the aquaculture output of the aquatic products is more than 4000 million tons, and the total amount of the aquaculture aquatic products accounts for more than 70% of the total amount of the aquaculture aquatic products in the world. In aquatic product cultivation, the feed cost is a main component of cultivation cost, and accounts for 40-50% and is as high as 60%.
The province is a great source of agricultural development, the straw resources are abundant, 3960 million tons (more than 2.5 million tons of corn straws in China) are practically available, but the amount of the straw resources directly used for development and utilization is less than 43.5%, a plurality of straws are burnt by farmers on the spot, the environmental pollution is serious, and the straw resources are also seriously lost as effective energy. The production of the animal feed by using the straws can not only improve the quality of aquatic products and the survival rate of cultivation, but also save a large amount of feed cost each year.
The larvae of the mosquito of the class Insecta and Diptera are formed by the growth of the mosquito from eggs to the middle stage of pupae and the incubation of the mosquito eggs in water. The name of English: wriggler. When the wigglers swim, the body bends and stretches once, commonly called as the heel worms, also called as the quadrat worms. The wigglers are slender and dark brown in body and feed on bacteria and unicellular algae in the water. The life history of the mosquito includes eggs, larvae, pupae and imagoes 4: general egg 1-2 days; in the wiggler stage (aquatic larva stage), the larva grows into pupae after being peeled for 4 times for 5 to 7 days; pupa for 2-3 days; eclosion of adult insects until oviposition lasts for 3-7 days; the whole generation lasts for about 1-2 weeks. Each female mosquito lays eggs for one year in the total number of about 1000-. The body of the wigglers is parallel to the water surface during breathing, and the wigglers can submerge into the water immediately after being frightened. The wigglers are fast in propagation and high in nutritive value, and through determination, dry matters of the wigglers contain 62.6% of crude protein and 25.3% of crude fat, and the wigglers are initial feed which is fond of eating by many aquatic animals in the seedling stage.
At present, the cultivation of ornamental fishes and famous and excellent fishes such as Salmonidae fishes is rapidly developed, the fishes mainly feed on aquatic insect larvae in the juvenile stage, and wigglers are the main food for the juvenile stage of the fishes. The most difficult stage of these fishes is the juvenile stage, and the main problem affecting the survival rate of the fishes is the lack of sufficient, full-nutrition and delicious feed. The wigglers are suitable in size and good in palatability; has comprehensive nutrition and can promote the growth and development of the larvae of the economic animals. Therefore, the wigglers cultivated by using abundant straw resources in China are used as biological bait for economic aquatic animals, and the cultivation of sufficient wigglers as the feed is very important particularly in the cultivation of ornamental fishes, salmon fries, eel fries and crab fries and the feeding process of young turtles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by straw burning and low survival rate caused by insufficient and complete nutrition of young fishes and lack of feeds, and provides a straw fermentation substrate for cultivating wigglers and a method for cultivating the wigglers by using the same.
The wiggler straw fermentation substrate is prepared by the following method:
1) 40-60 g of straw leaven, 0.4-0.6L of EM bacterial liquid, 0.3-1.0 kg of brown sugar and 3-8 kg of water; 30-70 kg of wheat bran or rice bran;
2) preparing a fermentation strain: dissolving brown sugar in water, boiling, cooling, adding straw leaven and EM bacterial liquid, stirring, sealing and fermenting; diluting, and mixing with bran;
3) straw fermentation: mixing the fermented strain with the prepared straw powder, adding into culture pond with water content of 70-90%, sealing with plastic cloth, and fermenting at 14 deg.C for 7-10 days;
50 g of straw leavening agent, 0.5L of EM bacterial liquid, 0.5 kg of brown sugar and 5 kg of water in the step 1); 50 kg of wheat bran or rice bran;
the sealed fermentation time in the step 2) is 5 days;
the straw powder in the step 3) is prepared by crushing clean straws of corn and rice into 20-mesh straw powder;
the adding amount of the straw powder in the step 3) is 1000 kilograms; the water content is 80%.
The method for culturing wigglers by using straws comprises the following steps:
1) building a water pool with the area of 10-100 square meters, wherein the depth of the water pool is 50-70 cm, and the water pool is arranged in the east-west direction; the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in a diagonal way, and the water inlet and the water outlet are sealed and blocked by a 60-mesh silk screen; when the water temperature rises to be higher than 14 ℃ and the air temperature is higher than 17 ℃, the mosquitoes start to lay eggs and breed, and wigglers can be cultivated; the water temperature in the culture pond does not exceed 32 ℃;
2) preparing strains: the components of the fermentation strain are as follows: straw leavening agent, EM bacterial liquid, brown sugar, water, wheat bran or rice bran; dissolving brown sugar in water, boiling, cooling, adding straw leaven and EM bacterial liquid, stirring, sealing, fermenting until the taste is smelled; diluting, mixing with testa Tritici or testa oryzae, and making into fermentation strain;
3) spreading the culture wiggler straw fermentation substrate of claim 1 in the culture pond with a thickness of 15-25 cm, adding water into the culture pond to make the water depth of the pond 25-35 cm and the water surface 8-15 cm lower than the upper edge of the pond, and covering a plastic cloth on the pond for 2-3 days;
4) culturing the wigglers: when the water temperature reaches above 16 ℃ and the air temperature is above 20 ℃, uncovering the plastic cloth on the cultivation pond to attract mosquitoes to fly to lay eggs and breed, and completing the introduction of wigglers; a large amount of wigglers are hatched 3 days later;
5) fishing and utilizing: when a large number of wigglers appear, fishing once every 3 days, and fishing by using a small pull net made of a net with the aperture of 1.5 mm;
the water depth in the pool in the step 3) is 30 cm.
The invention provides a wiggler straw fermentation substrate and a wiggler cultivation method thereof, which utilize straw resources to cultivate wigglers which are used as biological bait for economic aquatic animals, in particular to bait in the cultivation of ornamental fishes, salmon fries, eel fries and crab fries and the raising process of young turtles; the wigglers cultivated by the method have high and stable yield, about 2 kilograms of fresh wigglers can be cultivated in one cultivation period per square meter on average, and the yield can reach 1000 plus 1300 kilograms in one production period per mu; experiment tests show that dry substance of wigglers contains 62.6% of crude protein and 25.3% of crude fat; the invention biologically treats the straws of the agricultural wastes, so that a large amount of sugar, bacteria, unicellular algae and other mosquito and larva wiggler favorite food are produced, and a certain amount of wigglers are cultivated to serve as delicious feed for famous and special fishes, thereby achieving good effect; the cultured wigglers can provide long-term stable high-quality animal feed for the cultured aquatic products, reduce the culture cost and improve the culture benefit and the culture quality.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 method of culturing wigglers
The cultivation of wigglers is carried out in a migratory fish breeding farm in the extended period of the Jilin, 3 cultivation ponds are shared, and the specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a culture pond:
selecting a place close to a water source to build three cultivation ponds with the specification of 2m multiplied by 5m =10 square meter, 2m multiplied by 8m =16 square meter and 2m multiplied by 10m =20 square meter, wherein the ponds have the depth of 60 cm and are arranged in the east-west direction. The water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in a diagonal line, and the water inlet and the water outlet are sealed and blocked by a 60-mesh silk screen, so that the entry of harmful organisms is strictly prevented. A shed is arranged above the cultivation pool to shield light and cool in summer, so that the temperature of water in the cultivation pool does not exceed 32 ℃.
2. Cultivation method
1) Straw preparation
Clean straws of crops such as corn, rice and the like are crushed into powder of 20 meshes for later use.
2) Strain preparation
Taking 1000 kg of fermented straw as an example: preparing 0.5 bag of agricultural Fukang straw leavening agent, 0.5 liter of EM bacterial liquid, 0.5 kilogram of brown sugar and 5 kilograms of water; 50 kg of wheat bran or rice bran; boiling 0.5 kg of brown sugar with 1 kg of water, and then adding the boiled brown sugar water into the rest 4 kg of water; after water cooling, 0.5 bag of the agricultural Fukang straw leavening agent and 0.5 liter of EM bacterial liquid are all poured into the water, evenly stirred and sealed for fermentation for 5 days; diluting the fermented straw leavening agent, and uniformly mixing with 50 kg of wheat bran (or rice bran) to prepare the fermentation strain.
3) Straw fermentation
Mixing the fermented strain with 1000 kg of prepared straw powder, stirring to reach 80% of water content, stacking in a culture pond, sealing with plastic cloth, and fermenting for 10 days; spreading the fermented straw powder in a cultivation pool with the thickness of 20 cm, and adding water into the cultivation pool to enable the water depth in the pool to be 30 cm; covering a plastic cloth on the pond filled with water for 3 days to fully dissolve the nutrient substances in the straws into the water body.
4) Culture of mosquito larvae
Uncovering the plastic cloth on the cultivation pool, enabling the mosquitoes to smell the sweet taste in the cultivation pool, and beginning to fly to lay eggs and breed in large quantities, so that the work of introducing wigglers is completed; after 3 days, a large amount of wigglers begin to hatch out.
5) Fishing and utilizing
When a large number of wigglers appear, the wigglers are caught every 3 days, and the wigglers are caught cleanly every time, so that the situation that a large number of mosquitoes breed and influence the environment is avoided. The method comprises the following steps: the small pull net is made of a net with the aperture of about 1.5 mm for fishing. And a part of the caught wigglers are used for feeding, and a part of the caught wigglers are quickly frozen for standby.
3. Cultivation results
The results of the wiggler feed cultivation are shown in table 1.
EXAMPLE 2 method of culturing wigglers
Wiggler breeding tests are carried out in nine national camp fisheries in Jilin province, 5 breeding ponds are tested in total, and the breeding results are as follows:
1. preparation of cultivation pond
Selecting places close to water sources to build 5 cultivation pools with the specification of 2m multiplied by 5m =10 square meters, wherein the pools are 60 cm deep and arranged in the east-west direction. The water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in a diagonal line, and the water inlet and the water outlet are sealed and blocked by a 60-mesh silk screen, so that the entry of harmful organisms is strictly prevented. A shed is arranged above the cultivation pool to shield light and cool in summer, so that the temperature of water in the cultivation pool does not exceed 32 ℃.
2. Cultivation method
1) Straw preparation
Clean straws of crops such as corn, rice and the like are crushed into powder of 20 meshes for later use.
2) Strain preparation
Taking 1000 kg of fermented straw as an example: preparing 0.5 bag of agricultural Fukang straw leavening agent, 0.5 liter of EM bacterial liquid, 0.5 kilogram of brown sugar and 5 kilograms of water; 50 kg of wheat bran or rice bran; 0.5 kg of brown sugar is boiled with 1 kg of water, and then the boiled brown sugar water is added to the remaining 4 kg of water. After water cooling, 0.5 bag of the agricultural Fukang straw leavening agent and 0.5 liter of EM bacterial liquid are all poured into the water, evenly stirred and sealed for fermentation for 5 days; diluting the fermented straw leavening agent, and uniformly mixing with 50 kg of wheat bran (or rice bran) to prepare the fermentation strain.
3) Straw fermentation
Mixing the prepared fermentation strain with 1000 kg of prepared straw powder uniformly to make the water content reach 80%, then stacking the mixture in a culture pond, sealing the mixture by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 10 days; the fermented straw powder is spread in a cultivation pool with the thickness of 20 cm, and then water is added into the cultivation pool to enable the water depth in the pool to be 30 cm. Covering a plastic cloth on the pond filled with water for 3 days to fully dissolve the nutrient substances in the straws into the water body.
4) Culture of mosquito larvae
Uncovering the plastic cloth on the cultivation pool, enabling the mosquitoes to smell the sweet taste in the cultivation pool, and beginning to fly to lay eggs and breed in large quantities, so that the work of introducing wigglers is completed; after 3 days, a large amount of wigglers begin to hatch out.
5) Fishing and utilizing
When a large number of wigglers appear, the wigglers are caught every 3 days, and the wigglers are caught cleanly every time, so that the situation that a large number of mosquitoes breed and influence the environment is avoided. The method comprises the following steps: the small pull net is made of a net with the aperture of about 1.5 mm for fishing. And a part of the caught wigglers are used for feeding, and a part of the caught wigglers are quickly frozen for standby.
The incubation results are shown in table 2.
The results of the above examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 3. From the experimental results, 96 square meters of wigglers are produced in two times of experiments, 200 kilograms of fresh wigglers are produced, and 2.1 kilograms of wigglers are produced per square meter on average. The invention biologically treats the straws of the agricultural wastes to generate a large amount of sugar, bacteria, unicellular algae and other food loved by mosquitoes and larvae thereof, thereby culturing wigglers with a certain yield as delicious feed for famous and special fishes and achieving good effect.
The wigglers are fast in propagation and high in nutritive value, and through experimental determination, dry matters of the wigglers contain 62.6% of crude protein and 25.3% of crude fat, and the wigglers are initial baits which are favorite for a plurality of aquatic animal fry periods, and particularly are high-quality feeds for fishes such as salmon, sturgeons, mandarin fish, carps, crucian carps, loaches, giant salamanders, finless eels and the like. The cultured wigglers can provide long-term stable high-quality animal feed for the cultured aquatic products, reduce the culture cost and improve the culture benefit and the culture quality. With the rapid development of famous and special aquatic product breeding, the bait for animals such as wigglers is more and more favored by the majority of breeders. The method for culturing wigglers by using straws has stable yield and high yield, the yield of the wigglers can be about 2 kilograms per square meter of culture period on average, the yield can reach 1000 plus 1300 kilograms per mu of production period, the yield per mu can reach 2-2.6 ten thousand yuan according to the lowest price per kilogram of fresh live bait for juvenile fishes in the current market, and the pure benefit can be obtained by 1.5-2.0 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating wigglers by using straws comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture pond: building a water pool with the area of 10-100 square meters, wherein the depth of the water pool is 50-70 cm, and the water pool is arranged in the east-west direction; the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in a diagonal way, and the water inlet and the water outlet are sealed and blocked by a 60-mesh silk screen; when the water temperature rises to be higher than 14 ℃ and the air temperature is higher than 17 ℃, the mosquitoes start to lay eggs and breed wigglers for cultivation; the water temperature in the culture pond does not exceed 32 ℃;
2) preparing strains: the components of the fermentation strain are as follows: straw leavening agent, EM bacterial liquid, brown sugar, water, wheat bran or rice bran; dissolving brown sugar in water, boiling, cooling, adding straw leaven and EM bacterial liquid, stirring, sealing, fermenting until the taste is smelled; diluting, mixing with testa Tritici or testa oryzae, and making into fermentation strain;
wherein, the straw leaven is 40 to 60 grams, the EM bacterial liquid is 0.4 to 0.6 liter, the brown sugar is 0.3 to 1.0 kilogram, and the water is 3 to 8 kilograms; 30-70 kg of wheat bran or rice bran;
3) straw fermentation: mixing the prepared fermentation strain with the prepared straw powder, stacking the mixture in a culture pond with the water content of 70-90%, sealing with plastic cloth, and fermenting at 14 deg.C for 7-10 days;
spreading the fermented straw powder in a cultivation pool with the thickness of 15-25 cm, adding water into the cultivation pool to enable the water depth in the pool to be 25-35 cm, enabling the water surface to be 8-15 cm lower than the upper edge of the pool, and covering a plastic cloth on the upper side of the pool for 2-3 days;
4) culturing the wigglers: when the water temperature reaches above 16 ℃ and the air temperature is above 20 ℃, uncovering the plastic cloth on the cultivation pond to attract mosquitoes to fly to lay eggs and breed, and completing the introduction of wigglers; a large amount of wigglers are hatched 3 days later;
5) fishing and utilizing: when a large amount of wigglers appear, the wigglers are caught every 3 days, and the wigglers are caught by a small pull net made of a net with the aperture of 1.5 mm.
2. The method of culturing wigglers from straws as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the sealing fermentation time in the step 2) is 5 days.
3. The method of culturing wigglers from straws as recited in claim 2, further comprising: 50 g of straw leavening agent, 0.5L of EM bacterial liquid, 0.5 kg of brown sugar and 5 kg of water in the step 1); 50 kg of wheat bran or rice bran.
4. The method of culturing wigglers from straws as recited in claim 3, further comprising: the straw powder in the step 3) is prepared by crushing clean straws of corn and rice into 20-mesh straw powder.
5. The method of culturing wigglers from straw as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the adding amount of the straw powder in the step 3) is 1000 kilograms; the water content is 80%.
6. The method of culturing wigglers from straws as recited in claim 5, wherein: the water depth in the pool in the step 3) is 30 cm.
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