CN112772573B - Indoor artificial breeding method for acrossodes amabilis - Google Patents
Indoor artificial breeding method for acrossodes amabilis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor artificial breeding method of acrossodes Cerbera Manghas. Belongs to the technical field of insect breeding. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting the mature larva of the cercidium branchlet as an initial mature larva; (2) putting the initial aged larva into a pupation container, and putting the initial aged larva into soil for pupation; (3) eclosion and unearthing pupae to obtain imagoes, pairing the imagoes and putting the imagoes into an insect cage for breeding; (4) after the adult worm spawns, the mango tree with the egg is removed, and a new mango tree is put in for the adult worm to continue spawning; (5) the eggs continue to grow and develop to mature larvae, and then the mature larvae are collected; and (5) repeating the steps (2) to (5). Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the growth environment and the feeding conditions of the pleiones mangifera are optimized, the egg hatching rate, the larva survival rate and the adult life of the pleiones mangifera are improved, and a large number of individuals with regular growth can be obtained continuously, so that the method is the basis for controlling and researching the pleiones mangifera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feeding, in particular to an indoor artificial feeding method of common gall midge of mango trees.
Background
The cerbera manghas prussiate gall midge (procontariia fructicola Jiao, Wang, Bu & Kolesik) is a new pest of the cerbera manghas, belongs to diptera, gall midge, prunus, latin with the name of procontariia fructicola midge Jiao, Wang, Bu & Kolesik, and is named as 'cerbera manghas prussiate gall midge' in Chinese. In 2015, the inventor discovers that the insect is a mango bud and a young fruit in Guangxi Baicai right river area for the first time. In recent years, the insects are continuously diffused outwards in the mango production area of the Baihua city in Guangxi, and the insects are increasingly seriously harmed. The victims of the mango trees in different orchards are different, the occurrence of the mango trees in the Yong-le town in the Yangtze river region of Bai-color city is the most serious, the average victimization rate of the young orchard fruits is 53.95% through investigation, and the highest victimization rate is 91.53%.
The cercidium cerbera is characterized in that: the larvae eat as the pests of the spikes and the small fruits of the mango, and tender tips and pedicels can be eaten. The pests form brown spots and holes on the surfaces of young fruits after being damaged, the pests occur from the heading stage, the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage, the final flowering stage to the small fruit stage, and the pests are the most serious in the full flowering stage to the small fruit stage of the mango. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults all exist in the same time period, and the generation is seriously overlapped. The common gall midge of the mango is mainly concentrated from the initial florescence to the young fruit formation period of the mango from the middle ten days of 12 months to the last ten days of 4 months in the next year, and the insect is not found to be harmful after the mango is set. The number of larvae in a single young fruit is 3-5, and the number of larvae in a single young fruit is 10 at most.
The common gall midge of Cerbera Manghas is mainly harmful in the stage of Cerbera Manghas, and the following prevention measures are commonly used at present: uniformly spraying and preventing by using a medicament with strong permeability or contact killing and systemic property at the beginning of flowering period; spraying pesticide on the ground in the orchard which has serious emergence in the past year as early as possible, and performing concentrated continuous pesticide application control from the ear period, wherein the pesticide can be selected from acetamiprid, high-efficiency permethrin or abamectin; covering the ground surface with a black mulching film, a mat or a mini-tiller and turning soil; spreading the toxic soil to reduce insect source, wherein the toxic soil can be selected from chlorpyrifos, phoxim, thiamethoxam, clothianidin or chlorantraniliprole, and fine sand or dry yellow mud is used for preparing the toxic soil to be spread on the ground and around the orchard.
The common gall midge of Cerbera Manghas is a new pest of Cerbera Manghas, and the biological characteristics and the generation rule thereof are not reported in documents. In order to better research the biological characteristics and the comprehensive control method of the insect, a large number of tested insect sources with similar physiological indexes need to be obtained through feeding. The artificial feed can continuously obtain a large number of insects with regular development and consistent physiological indexes, but no artificial feed for the acroplophora Cerbera Manghas exists at present; the outdoor orchard raising method is greatly influenced by natural environment, the cercidiphyllum cerbera has irregular growth and the survival rate cannot be guaranteed. At present, experimental insect sources can only be collected from an orchard, time and labor are wasted, and a large number of individuals with regular development and consistent physiological indexes are difficult to obtain. Compared with another kind of gall midge on the mango, namely the gall midge of mango leaf, the difficulty in raising the common gall midge of the mango is that the midge only eats the harmful spike of the mango, the flowering of the mango is mainly concentrated in 2-4 months in each year, enough small seedlings of the spike of the mango are required to be prepared for raising, the season is strong, and the time is missed only for the next year.
In conclusion, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide an indoor artificial breeding method for the acroplophora mango.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an indoor artificial breeding method of the common gall midge of cerbera manghas. The technical method is simple and easy to implement and convenient to operate, and optimizes the growth environment and feeding conditions of the acrossodes Cerbera Manghas. The hatching rate of eggs, the survival rate of larvae and the eclosion rate of adults are all improved, the mature larvae are easy to collect, and a large number of regularly developed individuals can be continuously obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an indoor artificial breeding method of common gall midge of mango trees comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting the mature larva of the cercidium branchlet as an initial mature larva; the specific operation is as follows:
collecting tassels which are damaged by the common gall midge of the cerbera manghas from the florescence stage of the cerbera manghas to the flower withering stage, bringing the tassels back to the room, placing the tassels into a collecting container, and picking up the initial mature larvae for artificial feeding by using a writing brush after the mature larvae drill out the small fruits.
(2) Putting the initial aged larva into a pupation container, and putting the initial aged larva into soil for pupation;
in the pupation stage process, the pupation container is observed, and when more water drops exist on the inner wall of the pupation container, the water drops are sucked to be dry, so that the phenomenon that the imagoes are stuck by the water drops after eclosion is avoided.
(3) Obtaining imagoes after the pupae emerge through eclosion, pairing the imagoes, putting the imagoes into an insect cage for feeding, and placing mango seedlings and culture dishes in the insect cage for the imagoes to lay eggs and inhabit; specifically, the mango seedlings are used for adult insects to lay eggs, and the culture dish is used for adult insects to inhabit;
(4) after the adult worm spawns, the mango tree with the egg is removed, and a new mango tree is put in for the adult worm to continue spawning;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the mango seedlings are put into the afternoon every day, the imagoes lay eggs on the small flower ovaries which are opened on the same day at night, and the egg mango seedlings are removed in the morning next day.
(5) The eggs attached to the mango seedlings continue to grow to mature larvae, and then the mature larvae are collected;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (2) to (5).
Further, the specific operation of the step (2) is as follows: putting pupation soil into a pupation container, compacting, covering a layer of pupation soil on the surface of 100 initial aged larvae, covering the pupation container with a preservative film provided with air holes, then placing the pupation container in an incubator at the temperature of 22 ℃, the relative humidity of 70% and the illumination of 12h, and enabling adults to begin to eclose after 7 days.
The diameter of the preservative film is 20-25 cm, and a plurality of air holes are punched in the safety film through a No. 3 insect needle.
Covering a layer of pupation soil on the surface of the initial aged larva to prevent the initial aged larva from bouncing to the inner wall or the cover film of the pupation container to influence the penetration of soil to pupate.
Further, the pupation soil is a soil sample collected from a mango garden, is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, dried and sterilized at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, and then the water content of the pupation soil is adjusted to 10%.
Further, the pupation container in the step (2) is a disposable transparent straight-tube plastic bowl with the diameter of 12-15 cm.
Further, the insect cage in the step (3) is a gauze insect cage, the specification of the insect cage is 35cm multiplied by 35cm or 55cm multiplied by 55cm, and the gauze is 80 meshes.
The front and the side of the insect-raising cage are provided with zippers, and the middle of the front is provided with an opening.
The insect cage is placed at a flat position, and direct sunlight is avoided.
Further, in the step (3), the diameter of the culture dish is 9-12 cm, culture soil with the water content of 15-20% is placed in the culture dish, and the thickness of the culture soil is 3-5 cm.
Adults live on moist soil surfaces when they are inactive. And adding sterile water into the culture dish every day to keep the water content of the culture soil at 15-20%.
Further, in the step (3), the number of insects in the insect cage is 20-25, the male-female ratio is 1: 1, adjusting the temperature of a pest chamber for placing the pest cage to be 22 ℃, the relative humidity to be 70 percent and the illumination to be 12 hours.
Furthermore, the mango seedlings are provided with spikes and are 80-110 cm high.
The branches and partial leaves without the spica in the selected mango seedlings are reduced, and the amphoteric flowers and the unrooted buds which bloom on the same day are reserved. Adults lay eggs on small flower ovaries that open the day.
Furthermore, the spike part of the mango tree seedling is put into an insect cage for adults to lay eggs, and most of the trunk and root of the mango tree seedling are covered with a nutrition cup outside the insect cage.
Further, the specific operation of the step (4) is as follows: firstly shaking the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings to fly out the resting adults, then moving the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings into an incubator with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70% for culture, and growing and developing the attached eggs to the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings to mature larvae; and a new mango seedling is put in for the adult to continuously lay eggs.
After eggs of adults on the spike of the mango seedling are hatched, larvae are eaten, grown and developed in an ovary, when the diameter of the small fruits grows to be 2-3 mm, the larvae develop to be mature, the small fruits are drilled out in succession, and the adult fruit tree is collected.
Further, collecting the aged larvae by using a 80-mesh bag in the step (5), wherein the mesh bag is 30cm multiplied by 40cm in specification, and a closing rope is arranged at the bag opening of the mesh bag. The specific collection operation is as follows: the oosperm spica is sleeved with an 80-mesh net bag (the spica and the leaves are firstly collected and then sleeved with the bag, the opening of the bag is tightened, the spica is prevented from being broken), and the mature larva shoots out from the small fruit and jumps into the net bag. This operation was repeated until all of the mature larvae had emerged.
Further, collecting the aged larvae for 1-2 times per day in the step (5).
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the common gall midge of mango trees can be uninterruptedly bred in the emergence period of the common gall midge of mango trees, and the growth environment and breeding conditions are optimized; the hatching rate of eggs, the survival rate of larvae and the eclosion rate of adults are correspondingly improved, the service life of adults is long, the egg laying amount is increased, and a large number of regularly developed individuals are continuously obtained; the problem of raising the cercidiphyllum amabilis indoors is solved; the method is simple to operate and convenient to manage, provides a large number of insect sources for researches on biological control, physiological ecology and the like of the common gall midge mango, and is an important basis for the researches on the control of the common gall midge mango.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of mature larvae collected from an orchard in step (1) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing adults just emerged in step (2) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic abdominal view of a female adult in step (3) of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the steps of (3) inoculating spica in an insect cage in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing eggs laid at the basal part of an ampholytic ovary in step (3) of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An indoor artificial breeding method of common gall midge of mango trees comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting mature larvae: spikes with mature larvae were harvested from the mangrove orchard in month 1, and the harvested mature larvae were shown in figure 1.
(2) And (3) digging into soil and pupating: and (3) after the mature larvae are drilled out from the spica, putting the mature larvae as initial mature larvae into a pupation container for pupation until imagoes emerge, wherein the imagoes emerged after the pupation are shown in figure 2.
(3) Collecting adult mating and oviposition: after eclosion of the adult, collecting adult pairs (male-female ratio is 1: 1) by using a glass test tube, putting the adult pairs into a gauze insect cage with the specification of 35cm multiplied by 35cm or 55cm multiplied by 55cm, wherein the ventral surface diagram of the female adult is shown in figure 3, and the gauze insect cage is an 80-mesh assembled insect cage; placing a culture dish filled with fine soil with the water content of 15-20% in an insect cage for adult insects to inhabit; enabling the adult insects to mate and lay eggs on the eclosion day, putting the fringe part of the mango tree-headed seedlings cultivated in advance into an insect cage for the adult insects to lay eggs (as shown in figure 4), enabling most of trunks and root nutrition cups of the tree-headed seedlings to be outside the insect cage, and wrapping the nutrition cups of the tree-headed seedlings with plastic bags; before inoculation, cutting off branches and partial leaves without spica in mango seedlings by using a pair of pruning shears, removing most male flowers and withered amphoteric flowers by using sharp tweezers, keeping the amphoteric flowers and unrooted buds which bloom on the same day, and laying eggs on a small flower house which blooms on the same day by adults (as shown in figure 5); fine and coarse management can be selected according to experimental requirements. The fine management means that the insect-inoculated flower spikes are only treated and then keep the amphoteric flowers and the unrooted flower buds which bloom the same day, and the rough management means that the insect-inoculated flower spikes are directly placed in an insect cage without being treated for oviposition of adults.
(4) Management of eggs to larval stage: the method comprises the following steps of 1, sleeving cobs on mango seedlings after the scions lay eggs by using 80-mesh net bags with the specification of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, tightening bag openings, and feeding the mango seedlings in a worker climatic chamber to keep soil in a nutrition cup of the mango seedlings moist; after eggs are hatched, larvae are eaten, grow and develop in the ovary until the small fruits grow to be 2-3 mm in diameter, the larvae develop to be mature, and the small fruits are drilled out and fall into the mesh bags.
(5) Collecting mature larvae: and (3) the mature larvae are drilled out from the small fruits and fall into the mesh bag, the mesh bag sleeved on the spike of the mango is untied and taken out, and the mature larvae are collected and put into pupation soil for pupation.
(6) Preparing and managing pupation places: pupation soil is a soil sample collected from a mango garden, is dried in the sun and then crushed, passes through a 40-mesh sieve, is dried and sterilized for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and is adjusted to have the water content of 10 percent by using sterile water. The pupation container is a rigid disposable straight-tube plastic bowl with the diameter of 12-15 cm, and pupation soil is placed into the pupation container and then compacted, wherein the thickness of the pupation soil is 3-5 cm. After the mature larvae are put in, a small amount of pupation soil is covered on the surface, so that the mature larvae are prevented from jumping to the wall or top of a pupation container to influence the pupation when entering the soil. The method comprises the steps of cutting the freshness protection package into circular membranes with the diameter of 20-25 cm, covering the circular membranes on a plastic bowl, fixing and sealing the circular membranes by using rubber rings, tensioning the freshness protection film to be flat, and pricking a plurality of air holes on the freshness protection film by using a No. 3 insect needle. Before eclosion of the imagoes, water drops on the plastic bowl and the preservative film are sucked to be dry by paper towels, so that the imagoes after eclosion are prevented from being stuck on the water drops. Until the imagoes of the popliteus Cerbera Manghas emerge.
(7) The method comprises the steps that preparation work for enabling scion adults to lay eggs can be carried out before adults emerge in the afternoon, soil with the water content of 15-20% is filled in a 9-12 cm culture dish and placed in an insect cage, mango nutrition cup seedlings with spikes are selected, branches and partial leaves without spikes in the mango seedlings are cut off, the spike parts of the mango seedlings are placed in the adult insect cage, cage openings are clamped through clamps, the adults are collected and paired through glass test tubes with the size of a thumb after emerging of the adults, the adults are placed in the insect cage, and corresponding records are made after the adults lay eggs.
And calculating the egg hatching rate, the larva survival rate and the adult eclosion rate according to the following calculation formula.
Egg hatchability (%) ═ x100 (number of eggs hatched/total number of eggs);
the larva survival rate (%) (number of mature larva/number of larva hatched initially) x 100;
the eclosion rate (%) of the imagoes (the number of eclosion unearthed imagoes/the number of in-soil aged larvae) is x 100;
through experimental statistics, the differences between the indoor artificial feeding condition and the growth and development conditions of the cerbera manghas in the natural state (which means under the outdoor natural temperature changing condition) are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth and development status of Puccinia cerifera Linnaeus
As shown in Table 1, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention to breed the pragomphus Cerbera Manghas, the egg hatching rate, the larva survival rate and the adult eclosion rate are correspondingly improved, the adult life is long, the egg laying amount is increased, the growth environment and conditions of the pragomphus Cerbera Manghas are optimized, the method has lower technical requirement, is easy to manage, and can continuously obtain a large number of individuals with regular development.
By adopting the method, the egg stage is 2-3 days, the larva stage is 8-10 days, and the soil habitat stage is 7-10 days.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An indoor artificial breeding method for common gall midge of mango trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting mature larvae of the acrossodes mangifera as initial mature larvae;
(2) putting the initial aged larva into a pupation container, and carrying out soil pupation:
putting pupation soil into a pupation container, compacting, covering a layer of pupation soil on the surface of 100 initial aged larvae, covering the pupation container with a fresh-keeping film provided with air holes, putting the pupation container into an incubator at the temperature of 22 ℃, the relative humidity of 70% and the illumination of 12 hours, and allowing adults to begin to eclosion after 7 days;
selecting sterilized fine soil which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, and adjusting the water content of the fine soil to 10%;
(3) obtaining imagoes after the pupae emerge through eclosion, pairing the imagoes, putting the imagoes into an insect cage for feeding, and placing mango seedlings and culture dishes in the insect cage for the imagoes to lay eggs and inhabit;
(4) after the adult worm spawns, the mango tree with the egg is removed, and a new mango tree is put in for the adult worm to continue spawning;
(5) the eggs attached to the mango seedlings continue to grow to mature larvae, and then the mature larvae are collected;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (2) to (5).
2. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purcidium Cerbera Manghas in claim 1, wherein the pupation container in step (2) is a disposable transparent straight-tube plastic bowl with a diameter of 12-15 cm.
3. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purate cecidomyiia Cerbera Manghas in the claim 1, wherein the insect cage in the step (3) is a gauze insect cage, the specification of the insect cage is 35cm x 35cm or 55cm x 55cm, and the gauze is 80 meshes.
4. The indoor artificial feeding method of the epididymis amadori according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the culture dish in the step (3) is 9-12 cm, culture soil with the water content of 15-20% is placed in the culture dish, and the thickness of the culture soil is 3-5 cm.
5. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purcidium Cerbera Manghas according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the number of insects in the insect rearing cage is 20-25, the male-female ratio is 1: 1, adjusting the temperature of a pest chamber for placing the pest cage to be 22 ℃, the relative humidity to be 70 percent and the illumination to be 12 hours.
6. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purate cecidomyiia Cerbera Manghas according to claim 1, wherein the mango seedling is a mango seedling with a spike and a plant height of 80-110 cm.
7. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purate cecidomyiia Cerbera Manghas according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation of the step (4) is as follows: firstly shaking the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings to fly out the resting adults, then moving the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings into an incubator with the temperature of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 70% for culture, and growing and developing the attached eggs to the Oncorhynchus manghas seedlings to mature larvae; and a new mango seedling is put in for the adult to continuously lay eggs.
8. The indoor artificial feeding method for the purate cecidomyiia Cerbera Manghas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), an 80-mesh net bag is adopted to collect the mature larvae, the size of the net bag is 30cm x 40cm, and the mouth of the net bag is provided with a closing rope;
and (5) collecting the aged larvae for 1-2 times every day.
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