CN117530096A

CN117530096A - Wild sweet potato planting method

Info

Publication number: CN117530096A
Application number: CN202311659320.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖福荣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-12-06
Filing date: 2023-12-06
Publication date: 2024-02-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a wild sweet potato planting method, which comprises the steps of paving an insect-proof net on the ground of a transplanting land, and arranging a plurality of transplanting holes on the insect-proof net; selecting a wild sweet potato transplanting seedling, and transplanting the transplanting seedling into a soil matrix below a transplanting hole; the transplanted seedling underground part after transplanting does not contain spores or/and hidden buds, and 1-4 mother bud buds or new tendrils are reserved on the overground part; the bud or new vine branch grows into a first-stage vine, 1-2 first-stage vine is reserved, and the first-stage vine is fixed above the insect-proof net. The wild sweet potato planting method can greatly improve the yield, reduce the plant diseases and insect pests, increase the ratio of good fruits and facilitate field management; production tests show that the wild sweet potato planting mode has the yield of 500kg per mu, which is more than 16 times of the wild sweet potato planting mode.

Description

Wild sweet potato planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of wild sweet potato planting, and relates to a wild sweet potato planting method.

Background

The sweet potato (Ficus tikoua Bureau) belongs to Moraceae (Morus) Ficus (Ficus L.), is a perennial evergreen vine, and is a multipurpose plant integrating edible, medicinal, greening and ornamental functions. The young fruits are green, mature to be light red or purple red, the mature fruits have pear shapes, spherical shapes and cake shapes, the mature fruits are fragrant and sharp, and the sweet is sweet and rich. The wild sweet potato fruit contains various nutritional ingredients, the amino acid and protein content of the wild sweet potato fruit is reported to be about 4 times of that of apples, wherein methionine, valine and threonine with anti-fatigue function account for 29.08% of the total amino acid content, and the wild sweet potato fruit is known as 'natural green food' and 'health food'.

The sweet potato has wide development prospect due to the attractive fragrance, delicious taste and rich nutrition. But the wild resources are limited and cannot meet the market demand. With the continuous promotion of rural vibration, the development of local special products is encouraged in various places, and the wild sweet potatoes can provide new kinetic energy for the rural industry development. The prior art has less research on the planting of the wild sweet potatoes, and most of planting practices are roughly managed, so that continuous investment is lacked. The development of the field sweet potato industry is severely restricted by the lack of basic principles and technologies.

Through continuous observation and research practices over several years, in the course of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that at least one of the following technical problems exists in the prior art:

1. the existing wild sweet potato cultivation technology has low fruit yield, and the known literature records that the highest yield is only 55g/m ² The per mu yield is far lower than the per mu cost input, and the popularization and application of the wild sweet potato cultivation technology are severely restricted.

2. The wild sweet potato plants have strong disease resistance, but the fruits are more damaged by the insect, and the main damage includes ants, cutworms, pillers, martensi, longicorn, gall midges, snails and the like, which seriously affect the fruit yield.

3. Naturally-grown wild sweet potato stems are crisscrossed and staggered, and the root sections are staggered, so that a large net can be woven only about 2 years, different levels of vines are not obviously distinguished, and production management is not facilitated.

4. The wild vine grows on the ground, the fruits are firm on the ground, partial fruits after the fruits are enlarged are buried in mud, the wild sweet potato fruits belong to berries, and the fruits are easy to damage during fruit digging and accelerate deterioration and decay.

5. Each axillary bud of the wild sweet potato vines can grow new vines, and when in cutting transplanting, the vines carry too many bud points, so that the management of the sweet potato plant type is not favored Yu Ye.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for planting sweet potatoes, which has high yield and is convenient to manage.

The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial, repeated experiments and efforts, and in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that an insect-proof net is paved on the ground of a transplanting land, and a plurality of transplanting holes are formed in the insect-proof net; selecting a wild sweet potato transplanting seedling, and transplanting the transplanting seedling into a soil matrix below a transplanting hole; the transplanted seedling underground part after transplanting does not contain spores or/and hidden buds, and 1-4 mother bud buds or new tendrils are reserved on the overground part; the bud or new vine branch grows into a first-stage vine, 1-2 first-stage vine is reserved, and the first-stage vine is fixed above the insect-proof net.

Preferably, the insect-proof net is a high-density insect-proof net of 60 mesh or more.

Preferably, the pore diameter of the transplanting hole is 4-6 cm.

Preferably, the transplanting soil layer thickness is greater than 0.5m.

According to one embodiment of the method for planting the sweet potatoes, the first-stage vines are distributed in a straight line, and a plurality of second-stage vines are cultivated on the first-stage vines, so that the second-stage vines are perpendicular to the first-stage vines.

Preferably, a plurality of tertiary vines are cultivated on the secondary vines.

Preferably, three-stage vine growth is controlled, and adjacent three-stage vine connection and crossing are avoided.

According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the transplanting land is provided with ridges, and the insect-proof net is paved on the ridges; grass-proof treatment is carried out under the ridges.

Preferably, the width of the ridges is 0.3-1.2 m, the height of the ridges is 0.3-0.8 m, and the width of the furrows between the ridges is 0.3-0.6 m.

According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the transplanting holes are arranged on the ridge center line, and the distance between every two adjacent transplanting holes is 0.5-2 m; the first-stage vines grow along the central line of the ridge, topping is carried out when the first-stage vines grow to 1/2 hole spacing, topping is carried out when the second-stage vines grow to the edge of the ridge, and topping is carried out when the third-stage vines grow out to 2-4 leaves.

According to one embodiment of the method for planting the wild sweet potatoes, weeding work on and under the ridges is performed before ridge sealing of the wild sweet potatoes; grass-proof films are paved under the ridges.

According to one embodiment of the method for planting the wild sweet potatoes, after the ridge is sealed, the overgrown branches, the crossed branches and the too dense branches are pruned in good time, and the branches under the ridge are pruned.

According to one embodiment of the method for planting the sweet potatoes, the proportion of male and female plants of the transplanted seedlings is 3-5: 1.

according to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the transplanting time of the transplanted seedlings is 2-4 months.

According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the transplanted seedlings are obtained through vine segment cutting cultivation: selecting annual robust vines, segmenting every 2-3 leaves as one section, cutting off the leaves, and then cutting; and (5) transplanting with roots after cutting survival.

According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the method further comprises reasonable water and fertilizer, sprouting water is poured in the last ten days of 2 months, water before flowers are poured in the middle ten days of 4 months, water is poured in the shape of fruits 10 days before fruits are picked, and water and fertilizer are stopped after 10 months.

Compared with the prior art, one of the technical schemes has the following advantages:

a) The wild sweet potato planting method can greatly improve the yield, reduce the plant diseases and insect pests, increase the ratio of good fruits and facilitate field management; production tests show that the wild sweet potato planting mode has the yield of 500kg per mu, which is more than 16 times of the wild sweet potato planting mode.

b) According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the insect-proof net is arranged to block the connection between most of insect habitat (soil) and foraging field (wild sweet potato fruits), so that insect pest occurrence is greatly reduced. By arranging the insect-proof net, the field melons grow on the net surface of the insect-proof net, so that the fruits are conveniently searched, the fruits are picked more conveniently, the fruits growing on the net surface are more attractive and clean, and the picked fruits are complete and free of damage.

Through the arrangement of the insect-proof net, the aerial roots of the wild sweet potato vines can penetrate through the meshes and extend into the soil matrix, so that the nutrition absorption requirement of plants is ensured; compared with the use of mulching films to replace insect-proof nets, the watering and fertilizing are difficult, the aerial roots cannot fall to the ground, the growth is extremely slow, and the transplanting is not finished.

c) According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the vines are distributed in a grading mode, so that the vines are formed into a grid shape or a fish bone shape, the vines are prevented from being interwoven into a net, the ground space is reasonably utilized, the ridge can be sealed in the current year of transplanting the wild sweet potato seedlings transplanted in the first quarter, high yield can be achieved in the second year, and the third year starts to enter a rich-yield period.

Through arranging the vines in a grading manner, after the garden is built, only the vines which are excessively grown are needed to be trimmed, so that excessive nutrition growth of the wild sweet potato vines is controlled, further reproductive growth of plants is promoted, and the yield of wild sweet potato fruits is greatly improved.

d) According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, the woodlands under the leaves of the wild sweet potatoes are more regular and orderly, the air fluidity is better, the reproduction of associated insects is facilitated, the male and female proportions are set according to the male and female characteristics of the wild sweet potatoes, the construction is more suitable for the reproduction of the associated insects, the fruit setting rate of the wild sweet potatoes is improved, and the yield of the wild sweet potatoes is ensured.

e) According to one embodiment of the wild sweet potato planting method, ridges are arranged, ventilation and ventilation of forests are facilitated, water accumulation is avoided, fruit soaking is avoided, field management and fruit management are facilitated, and treading of vine branches, leaves and fruits in production is avoided.

f) According to one embodiment of the method for planting the sweet potatoes, disclosed by the invention, the seedling raising by cutting is carried out firstly and then the transplanting is carried out, so that the transplanting survival rate can be remarkably improved, the plant growth in the transplanting field is more consistent, and the quick garden construction is realized.

g) According to one embodiment of the method for planting the sweet potatoes, weeding work on the ridges is needed before the sweet potatoes are sealed, and after the sweet potatoes are sealed, living spaces of weeds are completely compressed by the sweet potatoes, and the weeding work is limited to the positions under the ridges.

Grass-proof films, such as opaque plastic films, are paved under the ridges to effectively control weed growth.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a field sweet potato garden in a preferred embodiment of the method for planting field sweet potatoes.

Fig. 2 is a live view of a first growth process of the vines of the sweet potato in a preferred embodiment of the sweet potato planting method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second growth process of the vines of the sweet potato in a preferred embodiment of the method for planting sweet potato of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a live view of the growth of wild-like cultivated sweet potatoes.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the growth condition of the field sweet potatoes planted by mulching.

The marks in the figure are respectively:

100 ridges of the Chinese herbal medicine,

a 110-degree ditch, the groove,

200 an insect-proof net,

the holes are transplanted in 201 a way that,

the positioning device is provided with a positioning device 202,

300-level vines of the vine,

310 second stage vines.

Detailed Description

The following description is of one embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in the following figures.

See fig. 1-3. In the wild sweet potato planting method described in the embodiment, an insect-proof net 200 is laid on the ground of a transplanting land, and a plurality of transplanting holes 201 are formed in the insect-proof net 200; selecting a wild sweet potato transplanting seedling, and transplanting the transplanting seedling into a soil matrix below the transplanting hole 201; the transplanted seedling underground part after transplanting does not contain spores or/and hidden buds, and 1-4 mother bud buds or new tendrils are reserved on the overground part; the parent bud or new vine branch grows into a first-stage vine 300, 1-2 first-stage vine 300 are reserved, and the first-stage vine 300 is fixed above the insect-proof net 200.

Specifically, the insect-proof net 200 is selected to be a high-density insect-proof net of 60 mesh and above, and preferably, the insect-proof net 200 is selected to be a 80-mesh insect-proof net. The insect-proof net 200 can prevent underground insects from climbing onto the net to gnaw fruits of the sweet potato, and can physically isolate transplanted underground parts and overground parts. The insect-proof net 200 does not affect watering and fertilization of the wild sweet potato plants, nor does it affect the aerial root landing on the vines. If the mulching film is used for blocking, as shown in fig. 5, watering and fertilizing are difficult, aerial roots on the vines cannot fall to the ground, nutrients can be absorbed only by root systems under transplanting holes, nutrient supply is less, and the growth of the vines is very slow; and no fruits are produced in the second and third years after transplanting.

In a preferred embodiment, plots with soil layers greater than 50cm thick are selected, and after fertilization, the plots are deep-tipped for 30cm, and ridges 100 are constructed. The length of the ridge 100 is specifically set according to the land situation, and the width of the ridge 100 is used as a reference by taking fruits which can be picked on the middle line of the ridge without stepping on the ridge. For example, the rows are separated by a width of 0.3 to 1.2m for the ridge 100, a height of 0.3 to 0.8m for the ridge 100, and a width of 0.3 to 0.6m for the trench 110. For a base for agricultural travel, the ridge width takes a small value, the ditch width takes a large value and the ridge height takes a small value for facilitating picking by children.

An insect-proof net 200 is laid on the ridge 100, and a grass-proof film or grass-proof cloth, such as a black plastic film, is laid in the furrow 110 under the ridge 100, and of course, the furrow 110 can be solidified, so that the furrow is convenient to walk and long weeds in the furrow 110 are avoided.

The transplanted seedling underground part after transplanting does not contain spores or/and hidden buds, so that vines are prevented from growing below the insect-proof net 200, and the growth of the vines below the insect-proof net 200 is a matter which must be completely eradicated.

Each axillary bud on the vines of the field sweet potatoes can grow into new vines, if long-section seedling raising is adopted, too many bud points are carried, the bud points buried in the soil can enter a dormant state, the dormant period of some dormant buds reaches one year, if the dormant buds are revived after transplanting, the vines grow out, a plurality of troubles are caused for later management, and the vines hidden below the insect-proof net are difficult to treat in the later stage. To solve this problem, in a preferred embodiment, annual robust vines are selected, segmented with every 2 to 3 leaves as one segment, and cutting off the leaves for cutting seedling. The number of the bud points on the cutting seedlings is effectively controlled through short section cutting.

The wild sweet potato is a hermaphrodite plant, both male and female can bear results, but only female fruits can be eaten, and male fruits cannot be eaten. Therefore, seedling raising is performed separately in seedling raising, and the confusion of male and female plants in transplanting is avoided.

The cutting seedling can be carried out on a field seedling bed, or can be carried out by a seedling pot or a seedling cup.

In an alternative embodiment, cutting is selected to be performed on a seedbed. The width of the seedbed is 1-1.2 m, the height is 10cm, and cutting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 10cm. Insecticide is used to kill underground pests before cutting. The vine segments can be treated by a rooting agent before cutting to promote rooting of cutting seedlings. And (5) after cutting, watering thoroughly, and covering a sunshade net. The water was poured once a day for the first 7 days and once every two days for the second seven days. Water was poured every three days in the latter half month. And removing the sunshade net and removing weeds after cutting for one month, and fertilizing. Watering is determined according to soil moisture content, and the seedling bed is free from tiny cracking. And after two months of cutting, the root system grows well, and the transplanting can be performed. If the cutting seedlings cannot be transplanted in time, a sunshade net is needed to be covered, so that the sun exposure in summer or frost in winter is prevented.

The transplanted seedlings can be transplanted all year round, and the transplanting time is recommended to be 2-4 months, preferably 2-3 months, and the transplanting can be ensured to finish ridge sealing and garden building by 10 months in the current year. The distance between the transplanted seedlings and plants on the ridge 100 is 0.5-2 m, and can be set according to the transplanting time in the current year, the transplanting time is early, the ridge sealing and garden building time is long, and the plant distance can be larger; the transplanting time is late, the ridge sealing and garden building time is short, and the plant spacing can be reduced. The proportion of male and female plants of the transplanted seedlings is 3-5: 1, in a preferred embodiment, the male/female ratio is 4:1, for example, 2 ridges of female plants are respectively planted on two sides of 1 ridge of male plants, and 4 ridges of male plants are planted between 2 ridges of male plants. The female plants and the male plants are planted separately, and the picked fruits do not need to distinguish the male fruits and the female fruits any more in real time. The reasonable proportion of male and female is beneficial to attracting associated insects, pollinating the wild sweet potatoes and improving fruit setting rate. Meanwhile, the ratio of the edible fruits is increased, and better production benefits are obtained.

And (3) after transplanting, drying and shaping are carried out, so that the vines on the ridges are distributed in a grid shape or a fish bone shape, as shown in figures 1 to 3.

First, setting a trunk, enabling the first-stage vines 300 to be distributed in a straight line, transplanting for 3 months, selecting two strong first-stage vines 300 as trunks for each plant, and pruning the rest first-stage vines. The first-stage vines 300 grow along the central line of the ridge surface from left to right, and the first-stage vines 300 are fixed by the positioners 202. Topping when the first-stage vines 300 grow to one half of the plant spacing. And sprouting and growing quickly after topping, thus obtaining the second-stage vines 310.

A plurality of secondary vines 310 are cultivated on both sides of the primary vines 300. Naturally grown secondary vines 310 form an angle of 45 degrees with the primary vines 300, and if ridge surfaces are not smooth enough, the secondary vines 310 are mutually intersected and interweaved to form a net. The secondary vines 310 are pulled to be perpendicular to the primary vines 300 and then secured with the fixtures 202, and the secondary vines 310 are all grown perpendicular to the primary vines 300. The secondary vines 310 are topped when they grow to the edges of the ridge 100, and the side branches on the secondary vines 310 are promoted to grow after the topping, i.e. three-level vines (not shown in the figure) grow.

Three-level vines quickly cross adjacent three-level vines, and 2-4 leaves of each branch of the three-level vines are left for pruning in order to prevent the vines from growing into a net shape. Because the top end advantage is removed, the peripheral space is blocked by adjacent branches and leaves, and newly-germinated vines can vertically grow upwards. The three-stage vines can be fixed by a positioner or not.

After the field sweet potato is sealed on the ridge 100, the locator 202 is taken down, the overgrowth branches, the cross branches and the over-dense branches are duly trimmed, and the branches under the ridge, namely the vines in the furrow, are trimmed, so that the vine grate-shaped structure of the field sweet potato on the ridge is maintained. In an alternative embodiment, strong, bare branches are trimmed for 4 months, leaving 2 to 4 leaves per branch; and pruning branches in the ditches once every month for 6 to 9 months.

In the growth process of the first-stage vines 300 and the second-stage vines 310, the ridge surfaces are not completely sealed by the sweet potatoes, weeds can grow on the ridges, the first grass is removed in the second month after transplanting, and manual weeding is adopted. The grass grows below the insect-proof net, the grass is half-width uncovered by taking the central line of the ridge surface as a reference when the grass is pulled out, the insect-proof net is covered on the grass after the grass is removed, and the other half-width is removed. The weeding is inconvenient, but the insect-proof net is covered firstly, so that surrounding grass seeds are prevented from drifting into the ground along with wind, and the weeding workload in the later period is reduced. The weeds in the first pass are more, and the weeds are required to be removed; weeding is carried out once again in middle and late 4 months, and no weeds are basically generated in the ground. Of course, the weeds can be eliminated by using selective herbicides in the same year as the garden is built.

The planting process also comprises reasonable water and fertilizer, fertilizer application follows the principle of a small amount for many times, and N, P, K fertilizer and/or organic fertilizer are applied in proper amount according to the fertility condition of the land. The field sweet potatoes have low requirements on soil quality, but cannot be fertilized either without fertilization or with excessive fertilization. In an alternative embodiment, sprouting water is poured in the last ten days of 2 months, and 5 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1 kg of urea are applied to each mu; before watering flowers in the middle ten days of 4 months, applying 5 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1 kg of medium and trace element fertilizer per mu at the same time; the fruit water is poured 10 days before fruit picking, 5 kg of the Gao Jia compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and water and fertilizer are stopped after 10 months.

The time for picking the fruits of the wild sweet potatoes is from the last ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 11 months, the young fruits of the wild sweet potatoes are green, the ripe fruits are pink, red or purple, and the ripe fruits are well recognized when being gently bumped. The field sweet potatoes do not have a post-ripening process, and the field sweet potatoes need to be picked in time after ripening, or the field sweet potatoes can be fermented and rotten within two days. Rotten fruits can also affect surrounding fruits. The wild sweet potato peel Bao Duozhi is picked up by a light weight and is put in a light place, and the thickness of each layer of fruit is not recommended to exceed 10cm by a rigid frame.

The inventors have tested and recorded the yield of sweet potato in the test cell in 3 planting modes of 2021 orchard establishment, as shown in table 1 below, in the course of carrying out the present invention.

Mode one: wild-imitating planting, bare land, natural random growth after transplanting, and live growth process as shown in figure 4. In the mode, the vines of the sweet potatoes grow poorly, the net grows infinitely, and weeds are clustered. The fruit picking is real-time, and the difficulty of searching the fruit is extremely high.

Mode two: the mat film is planted, and the growth process is shown in figure 5. The watering and fertilization are difficult, the aerial root can not fall to the ground, and the growth is very slow.

Mode three: according to the planting method, vines on ridges are distributed in a grid shape, and a live view of a growth process is shown in fig. 2 and 3. Under the mode, the wild sweet potato has beautiful plant shape, strong growth, convenient management and convenient searching and fruit harvesting.

Table 1 comparison of yields in different planting modes from 2022 to 2023

The invention provides a brand-new wild sweet potato planting method, which uses an insect-proof net to block underground insects and enables fruits to grow above the insect-proof net, so that damage of the insects to the fruits is greatly reduced, all the aerial roots of the vines can be used for absorbing nutrients on the ground, the nutrition obtained by plants is sufficient, and sufficient nutrition can be provided for the growth of the fruits; the strain type of the sweet potato is constructed into the shape of the comb (or the shape of the fishbone), the ground space is fully and orderly utilized, the growth environment which is more suitable for accompanying insects is constructed, the pollination of the sweet potato is facilitated, and the fruit setting rate is improved. The method for planting the sweet potatoes is mainly characterized in that the second-level vines are mainly arranged and all the second-level vines are distributed in parallel, and the leaves can be blocked by pushing a blocking rod horizontally only by using a rod block parallel to the ridge surface, so that clean mature fruits can be quickly searched and picked up.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A wild sweet potato planting method is characterized in that an insect-proof net is paved on the ground of a transplanting land, and a plurality of transplanting holes are formed in the insect-proof net; selecting a wild sweet potato transplanting seedling, and transplanting the transplanting seedling into a soil matrix below a transplanting hole; the transplanted seedling underground part after transplanting does not contain spores or/and hidden buds, and 1-4 mother bud buds or new tendrils are reserved on the overground part; the bud or new vine branch grows into a first-stage vine, 1-2 first-stage vine is reserved, and the first-stage vine is fixed above the insect-proof net.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first-stage vines are arranged in a straight line, and a plurality of second-stage vines are cultivated on the first-stage vines so that the second-stage vines are perpendicular to the first-stage vines;

preferably, a plurality of tertiary vines are cultivated on the secondary vines;

3. The method for planting field sweet potatoes according to claim 2, wherein the transplanting land is provided with ridges, and an insect-proof net is laid on the ridges; grass-proof treatment is carried out under the ridges.

4. The method for planting sweet potatoes according to claim 3, wherein the transplanting holes are arranged on a ridge center line, and the distance between two adjacent transplanting holes is 0.5-2 m; the first-stage vines grow along the central line of the ridge, topping is carried out when the first-stage vines grow to 1/2 hole spacing, topping is carried out when the second-stage vines grow to the edge of the ridge, and topping is carried out when the third-stage vines grow out to 2-4 leaves.

5. The method for planting field sweet potatoes according to claim 3, wherein the weeding work on the ridges and under the ridges is performed before the ridge is sealed; grass-proof films are paved under the ridges.

6. The method for planting field sweet potatoes according to claim 3, wherein after the field sweet potatoes are ridged, the overgrown branches, the crossed branches and the excessively dense branches are pruned in good time, and the branches under the ridges are pruned.

7. The method for planting the sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of male and female plants of the transplanted seedlings is 3-5: 1.

8. the method for planting sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting time of the transplanted seedlings is 2-4 months.

9. The method for planting sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the transplanted seedlings are obtained by cutting and cultivating vine segments: selecting annual robust vines, segmenting every 2-3 leaves as one section, cutting off the leaves, and then cutting; and (5) transplanting with roots after cutting survival.

10. The method for planting wild sweet potatoes according to claim 1, further comprising reasonable water and fertilizer, watering sprouting water in the last ten days of 2 months, watering flowers before the first ten days of 4 months, watering fruit water 10 days before fruit picking, and stopping watering and fertilizer after 10 months.