CN112640743B - Compound planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a black cuter and balsam pear interplanting composite planting method, wherein black cuters are interplanted with balsam pears, a shed frame type black cuter and balsam pear interplanting composite planting mode is adopted for newly planted black cuters in the same year, and a shed frame fence type black cuter and balsam pear composite planting mode is adopted for fixedly planted black cuters for 2-3 years. The method adopts a planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with the common bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds, is more beneficial to the growth of the black cutworms compared with single black cutworms, simultaneously improves the land utilization rate, reduces the investment cost for planting the black cutworms and increases the economic income. Compared with the mode of interplanting the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori in the black cutworm, the cooperation of the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori is better, and the growth of the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori is facilitated.

Description

Compound planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms and bitter gourds.

Background

Black tiger, a plant of the genus Kadsura of the family Magnoliaceae, also known as coccinella cheilowia, famous for five flavors: kadsura coccinea (lem.) a.c. smith; english name: kadsura, also known as Kadsura, san Ding Longteng, da ZU, ren Fang (Guangxi Longsheng). Evergreen woody liana wild medicinal plants and wild fruits. The original forest native to southwest of China is mainly distributed in hillside and valley miscellaneous trees in provinces such as Guangxi, yunnan, hunan, sichuan, guizhou, guangdong and the like, and is often wound on trees. For a long time, the black cutworms are used as medicinal plants of roots, are excavated, collected and utilized by people, and are endangered to be extinct by wild resources due to deforestation and vegetation damage.

Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the third generation fruits which are not developed and utilized and newly developed wild fruits have unique flavor, high nutrition and health care value, no pollution, excellent and novel types are favored by people. In recent years, the international market has more and more increased demand for third-generation fruits, nationwide third-generation fruits have been developed, the development and planting of the third-generation fruits has become an important content of the development trend of 21 st century fruits and the popularization of agricultural technologies in China, and the development and utilization of third-generation fruit trees has become one of the most competitive fruit industries in the international market.

The black cutworm fruits as new, special and excellent third-generation fruits gradually come into the domestic market and are favored by people, the black cutworm hot tide is raised and planted nationwide, wild species of the black cutworm are subjected to artificial domestication cultivation, and the black cutworm fruits are in a primary scale.

However, under the condition of no shading, the single black cutworms are not beneficial to the growth of the black cutworms which are not grown, the land utilization rate is not high, only investment is needed, and no output is produced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a black tiger and balsam pear interplanting composite planting method aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds is characterized in that the black cutworms are interplanted with the bitter gourds, wherein a shed frame type black cutworms interplanted with the bitter gourds composite planting mode is adopted for newly planted black cutworms in the same year, and a shed frame fence type black cutworms interplanted with the bitter gourds composite planting mode is adopted for fixedly planted black cutworms for 2-3 years.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method adopts a planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with the common bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds, is more beneficial to the growth of the black cutworms compared with single black cutworms, simultaneously improves the land utilization rate, reduces the investment cost for planting the black cutworms and increases the economic income. Compared with the mode of interplanting the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori in the black cutworm, the cooperation of the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori is better, and the growth of the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori is facilitated.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, the bitter gourds are common bitter gourds, and a shed frame type black tiger and common bitter gourd interplanting composite planting mode is adopted, wherein the black tiger is fixedly planted according to the plant spacing H2 of 1.5-2.5 m and the line spacing H1 of 2.5-3.5 m, and the common bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing B2 of 1.5-2.5 m and the line spacing B1 of 2.5-3.5 m; a common balsam pear is planted between two adjacent black tigers.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the proper line spacing and plant spacing can ensure that the bitter gourds can effectively shade the black tigers and are beneficial to the growth of the bitter gourds.

Furthermore, the bitter gourds are ordinary bitter gourds, a shed fence type black cuter and ordinary bitter gourds are interplanted in a composite planting mode, and fence type ordinary bitter gourds are interplanted among black cuter planting rows; the black cutworms are planted according to the plant spacing H2 of 1.5 to 2.5m and the row spacing H1 of 2.5 to 3.5m, and the common bitter gourds are planted according to the plant spacing B2 of 1.5 to 2.5m and the row spacing B1 of 2.5 to 3.5 m; a common balsam pear is planted between two adjacent black tigers.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: in the second year of planting the black cutworms, most of the black cutworms are put on a shed and are not grown into fruits, so that the sufficient growth space of the black cutworms is ensured, the complementary advantages of space ecological potential are fully utilized, the light energy utilization rate is improved, and common bitter gourds can be interplanted in a fence type mode among black cutworms.

Furthermore, the fence type interplanting of the common bitter gourds is characterized in that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, the common bitter gourds climb to the ceiling along the parallel pull lines or the melon net from the ground upwards, then the tops of the common bitter gourds are picked, and melon vines are branched and grow under a shed frame.

Further, the bitter gourds are mountain bitter gourds, a shed frame type black cuter and mountain bitter gourd interplanting composite planting mode is adopted, black cuters are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing H2 of 1.5-2.5 m and the row spacing H1 of 2.5-3.5 m, and the mountain bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing A2 of 3.5-4.5 m and the row spacing A1 of 4-5 m; and planting a mountain balsam pear every two black tigers.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is: the proper line spacing and plant spacing can ensure that the mountain balsam pears can effectively shade the black tigers and are also beneficial to the growth of the mountain balsam pears.

Furthermore, the bitter gourds are mountain bitter gourds, a shed fence type black cuter and mountain bitter gourd interplanting composite planting mode is adopted, and fence type mountain bitter gourds are interplanted among black cuter planting rows; planting black cutworms according to the plant spacing H2 of 1.5-2.5 m and the line spacing H1 of 2.5-3.5 m, and planting mountain balsam pears according to the plant spacing A2 of 3.5-4.5 m and the line spacing A1 of 4-5 m; and planting a mountain balsam pear every two black tigers.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: in the next year, most of the black cutworms are planted in the greenhouse and are not grown to bear fruits, so that the black cutworms can have enough growth space, the complementary advantages of space ecological niches are fully utilized, the light energy utilization rate is improved, and the wild bitter gourds can be interplanted among black cutworms in a fence type mode.

Furthermore, the fence-type interplanting of the mountain balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the mountain balsam pears climb to the ceiling along the parallel pull lines or the melon net from the ground upwards, the tops of the mountain balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

Further, the black tiger planting method further comprises the following steps of:

(1) Erecting a shed frame: embedding a cement column, and arranging steel-plastic steel wires on the cement column to form a net-shaped shed frame for supporting branches and tendrils;

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: before field planting, digging a pit and putting farmyard manure into the pit;

(3) Planting: before 5 months in winter to the next year, the black tiger is planted in a planting pit with a base fertilizer, compacted, lifted, and watered to fix roots;

(4) Field management: after the field planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing axillary buds in time, reserving main vines, and inserting bamboo poles to guide the vines to a shed when the main vines grow to be 20-30 cm high;

(5) And (3) managing black tigers planted for 2-3 years: spreading the pit and applying fertilizer in winter every year, applying compound fertilizer and leaf fertilizer in spring, summer and autumn, bud picking, pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

Further, the newly-grown black tigers in the current year adopt a shed frame type compound planting mode of interplanting black tigers and bitter gourds, and the bitter gourd planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: digging a pit and putting farmyard manure in the space between the black tiger planting rows;

(2) Planting: seedling culture is started in 3 months per year, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, bitter gourds are planted in planting pits with good base fertilizers, and root fixing water is compacted and poured;

(3) And (3) field management: after the planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing the lateral tendrils, reserving the main tendrils, and after the main tendrils are put on shelves, arranging the tendrils to ensure that the lateral tendrils with consistent length and thickness are arranged in all directions; paying attention to pest control, removing diseased fruits, pest fruits and malformed fruits in time, and intensively burying the inferior fruits;

(4) Harvesting: timely harvesting 12-15 days after blooming.

Further, the black cutworms planted for 2-3 years adopt a shed fence type composite planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms and bitter gourds, and the bitter gourd planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: digging a pit and putting farmyard manure in the space between the black tiger planting rows;

(2) Planting: seedling culture is started in 3 months per year, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, bitter gourds are planted in planting pits with good base fertilizers, and root fixing water is compacted and poured;

(3) Field management: after the field planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing lateral tendrils, reserving main tendrils, and when the main tendrils reach the top of the shed, topping to promote the branch tendrils under the shed to be reserved in a layered manner; paying attention to pest control, removing diseased fruits, pest fruits and malformed fruits in time, and intensively burying the inferior fruits;

(4) Harvesting: timely harvesting 12-15 days after blooming.

According to the invention, a compound planting mode of interplanting black cuter and bitter gourd or mountain bitter gourd is adopted, compared with the mode of interplanting black cuter and passion fruit and momordica grosvenori, the black cuter and bitter gourd can be cooperated with each other, and respective growth is facilitated. The concrete advantages are as follows:

1. the bitter gourd has long growth period, long harvesting period and high yield. From 4 months to 11 months, the harvest period is as long as 6-7 months, and the yield per mu can be as high as more than 2500 kilograms.

2. The balsam pear has good ventilation and light transmission, and can meet the illumination requirement for the most suitable growth of the black tiger. The balsam pear is palm-shaped leaf, has soft, small and thin leaf, good ventilation and light transmission, low canopy density, can meet the illumination requirement for the optimum growth of the black cutworm, and is beneficial to the growth of the black cutworm. Although the passion fruit belongs to palm-shaped leaves, the leaves are wide and thick, the momordica grosvenori is heart-shaped, the leaves are wide and thick, the depression degree is high, the ventilation and light transmittance are poor, the illumination of the black tiger under the shed is insufficient, the black tiger is easy to grow excessively, the plants are fine, the number of green leaves is small, and the growth of the black tiger is not facilitated.

3. The fructus Momordicae Charantiae (containing common fructus Momordicae Charantiae and mountain fructus Momordicae Charantiae) has high yield and high yield. The yield of the balsam pear (containing common balsam pear and mountain balsam pear) can reach more than 2500 kilograms, the income of the common balsam pear per mu can reach 1.25 ten thousand yuan, and the income of the mountain balsam pear per mu can reach 4.0 ten thousand yuan (see table 1).

4. The bitter gourd (including common bitter gourd and mountain bitter gourd) has wide application range and simple and convenient planting management. The proper planting range of the momordica grosvenori and the passion fruit has certain limitation, especially the momordica grosvenori needs to consider the adaptability to a new planting area, artificial flower-dropping is needed in the flower-dropping season, flowers are performed from the starting point to the end of flower-dropping for at least 60 days, at least 6 hours of flower-dropping are performed every day, each person needs 0.36 ten thousand yuan per day according to 60 yuan per day, 1.2 ten thousand momordica grosvenori are produced per mu, the average price of purchasing (big, middle and small fruits) is 0.8 yuan per mu, 0.96 million yuan per mu is collected, the flower-dropping labor cost is only deducted, and 0.6 million yuan per mu is collected (the cost of fertilizer, pesticide, weeding, picking and the like is not deducted). The passion fruit belongs to tropical and subtropical fruits, the environment below 0 ℃ is not suitable for the growth of the passion fruit, plants can be seriously damaged and even die when the external temperature is below 2 ℃, the planting season and the management method are improper, generally, the passion fruit which blooms after 9 months is affected by cold weather in the northern area of Guangxi osmanthus fragrans, the fruit cannot be ripe, the fruit which blooms after 7-8 months can be harvested actually, the yield is only about 800-1000 kg, and the yield per mu is 0.8-1.0 ten thousand yuan calculated according to the price of 10 yuan per kg.

5. The black cutworm can be interplanted with the balsam pear (containing common balsam pear and mountain balsam pear) for 2 to 3 years, so that the investment cost of the black cutworm is reduced by 2 to 3 years. The black cutworms planted in the current year are planted by interplanting the bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds, income can be generated in the current year, but for the black cutworms planted in the 2-3 years, the black cutworms are already put in the greenhouse, branches and tendrils can continue to grow, the whole greenhouse is covered, if the greenhouse planting is continuously adopted, the black cutworms and the bitter gourds compete for the spatial extension direction of the branches and tendrils, the growth of the black cutworms is not facilitated, and a fence type planting mode of interplanting the bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds is adopted, so that sufficient growth space is provided for the branches and tendrils of the black cutworms, the land utilization rate is improved, the income is increased, and the investment cost of the black cutworms in 2-3 years is reduced.

6. The balsam pear has good economic value. The balsam pear is a plant used as both medicine and food, can be widely used for vegetables and also can be used as a medicine, and has the efficacy of reducing blood sugar and blood fat.

7. The mountain balsam pear as a black tiger shading plant has the following advantages:

(1) The planting density is small, and the cultivation management is convenient.

(2) The yield value is high, the price per kilogram is 12-16 yuan according to 2500 kilogram yield per mu, and the income per mu can reach 3.0-4.0 ten thousand yuan.

(3) The momordica glycoside content of the mountain balsam pear is up to 6.02 percent, which is 3.56 times higher than that of the common balsam pear, the moisture content is 90.6 percent, which is 3 percent lower than that of the common balsam pear, that is, the dry matter content is higher than that of the common balsam pear, the soluble solid matter is up to 5 percent, which is about 20 percent higher than that of the common balsam pear; the content of calcium is 3.59X 10 ³ The product is 1.5 times higher than common balsam pear, and each 100g fresh product contains 119mg of vitamin C and 1.08g of protein, which are respectively 10% and 19% higher than common balsam pear.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planting mode of interplanting black cutworms with common bitter gourds;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planting mode of interplanting black cutworms and mountain balsam pears.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

A composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds is characterized in that the black cutworms are interplanted with the bitter gourds, wherein a shed frame type composite planting mode for interplanting the black cutworms newly planted in the same year is adopted, and a shed frame fence type composite planting mode for interplanting the black cutworms planted for 2-3 years is adopted.

The bitter gourds of the present embodiment include common bitter gourds and mountain bitter gourds.

The bitter gourds are common bitter gourds, and a composite planting mode of interplanting common bitter gourds in a shed frame type black tigers is adopted, wherein the black tigers are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 2.5m, and the common bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 2.5 m; a common balsam pear is planted between two adjacent black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting common balsam pears in a shed fence type black cutworms is adopted, and the common balsam pears are interplanted in a fence type among black cutworm planting rows; planting black tigers according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the line spacing of 2.5m, and planting common bitter gourds according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the line spacing of 2.5 m; a strain of common Momordica charantia is planted between two adjacent black tigers, as shown in figure 1.

The fence type interplanting of the common balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the common balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the common balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The bitter gourd is a mountain bitter gourd, a composite planting mode of interplanting mountain bitter gourd in a shed frame type black tiger is adopted, the black tiger is fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 2.5m, and the mountain bitter gourd is fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 3.5m and the row spacing of 4 m; and planting a mountain balsam pear every two black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting mountain balsam pears in a shed fence type black cutworms is adopted, and the mountain balsam pears are interplanted in a fence type among black cutworm planting rows; planting Kadsura coccinea according to the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 2.5m, and planting Momordica charantia according to the plant spacing of 3.5m and the row spacing of 4 m; every two black tigers are planted with one mountain balsam pear, as shown in figure 2.

The fence-type interplanting of the mountain balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the mountain balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the mountain balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The black tiger planting method further comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting a garden place: the black cutworms have wide adaptability, strong resistance, preference for light and shade, good warmness and cold resistance, and can be cultivated in open field for overwintering in areas with the temperature of more than 10 ℃ in winter. Neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam which is convenient for drainage and irrigation in plains, hills, roadside, below cliffs, riversides, fields and the like can be planted.

(2) Erecting a shed frame: 12.0cm × 10.0cm × 230cm cement columns, digging holes which are slightly larger than the cement columns and are 50cm deep by ground drills or holes at intervals of 4m × 3m or 8cm × 8cm × 230cm cement columns at intervals of 3m × 3m, burying the cement columns into the soil, and tightly filling. The small holes at the top of the main column are connected and righted by plastic-coated steel wires in series, a plastic-coated steel wire is transversely pulled above the plant, two ends of the plastic-coated steel wire are connected with ground anchors or steel wire rope tighteners, the middle of the plastic-coated steel wire is tightened and fixed by the plastic-coated steel wire to form a space of 3.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a planar frame is laid on the frame by the plastic-coated steel wires with slightly thin points in the same bed direction at an interval of 0.6m, and the plastic-coated steel wire is pulled in the middle of the transverse two plastic-coated steel wires to form a shed frame for supporting branches in a 0.6m multiplied by 1.0m net shape.

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: 1 month before field planting, digging planting pits with length, width and depth of 60-70 cm and 50-60 cm according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, putting 20 kg of rotten human and animal manure, compost, cake fertilizer, dry-branch fallen leaves and weeds and other farmyard manure, fully mixing with surface soil, and returning to the depth of two thirds of the pits.

(3) Planting: the optimal time is from winter to 5 months of the next year, the temperature is not high, the illumination is not strong, and the growth of the plant is not greatly influenced under the condition of no shading. Spreading root systems of the black cutworms, planting the black cutworms in planting pits with base fertilizers, compacting, lifting seedlings, and pouring root fixing water.

(4) Field management: after the field planting survives, the application of a low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later, and the quick-acting fertilizer is applied once every half a month to 1 month later to promote the growth of seedlings.

In order to enable the black tiger to get on the greenhouse as soon as possible, axillary buds need to be removed in time, and the main vines need to be reserved. When the main vine grows to 20-30 cm high, inserting bamboo poles in time to guide the vine to the shed.

(5) And (3) managing black tigers planted for 2-3 years: spreading the pit and applying fertilizer in winter, topdressing compound fertilizer and leaf fertilizer in spring, summer and autumn, bud picking, pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

The black tiger of the new species in the current year adopts a shed frame type compound planting mode of interplanting black tiger and bitter gourd, and the bitter gourd planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: interplanting is carried out between the black cutworms. Interplanting in black tiger, planting common fructus Momordicae Charantiae in the middle of 2 black tigers, planting 1 fructus Momordicae Charantiae every 2 black tigers, digging pit, and fertilizing (the method is the same as black tiger planting).

(2) Planting: seedling raising (seedling raising can be carried out by using a nutrition cup) is started in 3 months per year, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months to the last 4 months, the bitter gourds are planted in planting pits with good base fertilizers, and root fixing water is compacted and poured;

(3) And (3) field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. And then fertilizing once every half month or 1 month.

Removing lateral tendrils, and keeping the main tendrils to make the bitter gourd put on the shed as soon as possible.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

After the main vines are put on the shelf, proper vine arrangement is carried out, and the side vines with consistent length and thickness in all directions are ensured, so that ventilation and lighting are facilitated. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

(4) And (3) pest control: the main diseases comprise virus diseases and powdery mildew; the main pests include melon aphids, diaphania cucullata, and melon flies.

Bitter gourd virus disease, removing disease strain at the early stage of disease occurrence, spraying with 20% of virus A, virus K,1.5% of carbendazim and the like, simultaneously irrigating roots with 6000-7500 times of liquid of Heda Fu foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. For powdery mildew, 12.5 percent myclobutanil is sprayed on the leaves, and the myclobutanil is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 4 times continuously.

The aphis cucurbitae can be sprayed with 3% acetamiprid (Mobian) emulsifiable concentrate and 10% Yinyujing (imidacloprid). The diaphania cucullata can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder (Bt powder) and emamectin benzoate (emamectin benzoate). The melon fly can be trapped and killed by small yellow plate and sex attractant or sprayed with 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin for 2-3 times continuously.

(5) Harvesting: the suitable harvesting period is 12-15 days after flowering, and timely harvesting is needed.

The black cutworms planted for 2-3 years adopt a shed fence type composite planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms and bitter gourds, and the bitter gourds are planted by the following steps:

(1) The steps are the same as the trellis cultivation;

(3) Field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. The fertilizer is applied every half month or 1 month later.

When the main vines just reach the shed roof, the main vines are topped to promote the branch vines under the shed to be layered and reserved so as to facilitate ventilation and lighting. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

(4) The steps are the same as the trellis cultivation.

Example 2

A composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds is characterized in that the black cutworms are interplanted with the bitter gourds, wherein a shed frame type composite planting mode for interplanting the black cutworms newly planted in the same year is adopted, and a shed frame fence type composite planting mode for interplanting the black cutworms planted for 2-3 years is adopted.

The bitter gourds of the present embodiment include common bitter gourds and mountain bitter gourds.

The bitter gourds are common bitter gourds, and a composite planting mode of interplanting common bitter gourds in a shed frame type black tigers is adopted, the black tigers are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3m, and the common bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3 m; a common balsam pear is planted between two adjacent black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting common bitter gourds in trellis fencing type kadsura coccinea is adopted, and the common bitter gourds are interplanted in fencing type in the planting rows of the kadsura coccinea; planting black tigers according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3m, and planting common bitter gourds according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3 m; a strain of common Momordica charantia is planted between two adjacent black tigers, as shown in figure 1.

The fence type interplanting of the common bitter gourds is characterized in that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the common bitter gourds climb to a ceiling from the ground along the parallel pull lines or the melon net upwards, then the tops of the common bitter gourds are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The bitter gourds are mountain bitter gourds, and a composite planting mode of interplanting mountain bitter gourds in a shed frame type black tigers is adopted, the black tigers are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3m, and the mountain bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 4m and the row spacing of 4.5 m; and planting a mountain balsam pear every two black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting mountain balsam pears in trellis fencing type kadsura coccinea is adopted, and the mountain balsam pears are interplanted in fencing type in the planting rows of the kadsura coccinea; planting Kadsura coccinea according to the plant spacing of 2m and the row spacing of 3m, and planting mountain balsam pears according to the plant spacing of 4m and the row spacing of 4.5 m; every two black tigers are planted with one mountain balsam pear, as shown in figure 2.

The fence-type interplanting of the mountain balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the mountain balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the mountain balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The black tiger planting method further comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting a garden place: the black cutworms have wide adaptability, strong resistance, preference for light and shade, good warmness and cold resistance, and can be cultivated in open field for overwintering in areas with the temperature of more than 10 ℃ in winter. The neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam which is convenient for drainage and irrigation, such as plains, hills, roadside, below cliffs, riversides, fields and the like can be planted.

(2) Erecting a shed frame: and (3) excavating holes which are slightly larger than the cement columns and are 50cm deep by using ground drills or holes at intervals of 3m multiplied by 3m and are formed by 12.0cm multiplied by 10.0cm multiplied by 230cm cement columns at intervals of 4m multiplied by 3m or 8cm multiplied by 230cm, and burying the cement columns into the soil and tightly filling. The small holes at the top of the main column are connected and righted by plastic-coated steel wires in series, a plastic-coated steel wire is transversely pulled above the plant, two ends of the plastic-coated steel wire are connected with ground anchors or steel wire rope tighteners, the middle of the plastic-coated steel wire is tightened and fixed by the plastic-coated steel wire to form a space of 3.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a planar frame is laid on the frame by the plastic-coated steel wires with slightly thin points in the same bed direction at an interval of 0.6m, and the plastic-coated steel wire is pulled in the middle of the transverse two plastic-coated steel wires to form a shed frame for supporting branches in a 0.6m multiplied by 1.0m net shape.

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: 1 month before field planting, digging planting pits with length, width and depth of 60-70 cm and 50-60 cm according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, putting 20 kg of rotten human and animal manure, compost, cake fertilizer, dry-branch fallen leaves and weeds and other farmyard manure, fully mixing with surface soil, and returning to the depth of two thirds of the pits.

(3) Planting: the optimal time is from winter to 5 months of the next year, the temperature is not high, the illumination is not strong, and the growth of the plant is not greatly influenced under the condition of no shading. Spreading root systems of the black cutworms, planting the black cutworms in planting pits with base fertilizers, compacting, lifting seedlings, and pouring root fixing water.

(4) Field management: after the planting survival, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers with low concentration can be applied for half a month, and the quick-acting fertilizer is applied once every half a month to 1 month later to promote the growth of the seedlings.

In order to enable the black tiger to get on the greenhouse as soon as possible, axillary buds need to be removed in time, and the main vines need to be reserved. When the main vine grows to 20-30 cm high, inserting bamboo poles in time to guide the vine to the shed.

(5) Black tiger management for 2-3 years of planting: spreading the pit and applying fertilizer in winter, topdressing compound fertilizer and leaf fertilizer in spring, summer and autumn, bud picking, pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

The black tiger of the new species in the current year adopts a shed frame type compound planting mode of interplanting black tiger and bitter gourd, and the bitter gourd planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: and interplanting the black cutworms among the black cutworm planting lines. Interplanting in black tiger, planting common fructus Momordicae Charantiae in the middle of 2 black tigers, planting 1 fructus Momordicae Charantiae every 2 black tigers, digging pit, and fertilizing (the method is the same as black tiger planting).

(2) Planting: beginning to grow seedlings (can grow seedlings by using a nutrition cup) in 3 months every year, planting the balsam pears in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, planting the balsam pears in planting pits with good base fertilizers, compacting and pouring root fixing water;

(3) And (3) field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. The fertilizer is applied every half month or 1 month later.

Removing lateral tendrils, and keeping the main tendrils to make the bitter gourd put on the shed as soon as possible.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

After the main vines are put on the shelf, proper vine arrangement is carried out, and the side vines with consistent length and thickness in all directions are ensured, so that ventilation and lighting are facilitated. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

(4) And (3) pest control: the main diseases comprise virus diseases and powdery mildew; the main pests include melon aphids, diaphania cucullata, and melon flies.

Bitter gourd virus disease, removing disease strain at the early stage of disease occurrence, spraying with 20% of virus A, virus K,1.5% of carbendazim and the like, simultaneously irrigating roots with 6000-7500 times of liquid of Heda Fu foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. For powdery mildew, 12.5 percent myclobutanil is sprayed on the leaves, and the myclobutanil is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 4 times continuously.

The aphid can be sprayed with 3% acetamiprid (Mobiran) emulsifiable solution and 10% Yinyujing (imidacloprid). The diaphania cucullata can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder (Bt powder) and emamectin benzoate (emamectin benzoate). The melon fly can be trapped and killed by small yellow plate and sex attractant or sprayed with 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin. The process is continued for 2 to 3 times.

(5) Harvesting: the period of harvesting is suitable 12-15 days after blooming, and the harvest is carried out in time.

The black cutworms planted for 2-3 years adopt a shed fence type compound planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with bitter gourds, and the bitter gourd planting also comprises the following steps:

(1) The steps are the same as the trellis cultivation;

(3) Field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. And then fertilizing once every half month or 1 month.

When the main vines just reach the shed roof, the main vines are topped to promote the branch vines under the shed to be layered and reserved so as to facilitate ventilation and lighting. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

(4) The steps are the same as the trellis cultivation.

Example 3

A composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds is characterized in that the black cutworms newly planted in the current year are planted in a shed frame type composite planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with the bitter gourds, and the black cutworms planted for 2-3 years are planted in a shed frame fence type composite planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with the bitter gourds.

The bitter gourds of the present embodiment include common bitter gourds and mountain bitter gourds.

The bitter gourds are common bitter gourds, and a composite planting mode of interplanting common bitter gourds in a shed frame type black tigers is adopted, the black tigers are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 3.5m, and the common bitter gourds are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 3.5 m; a common balsam pear is planted between two adjacent black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting common balsam pears in a shed fence type black cutworms is adopted, and the common balsam pears are interplanted in a fence type among black cutworm planting rows; planting Kadsura coccinea according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 3.5m, and planting common bitter gourds according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 3.5 m; a strain of common Momordica charantia is planted between two adjacent black tigers, as shown in figure 1.

The fence type interplanting of the common bitter gourds is characterized in that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the common bitter gourds climb to a ceiling from the ground along the parallel pull lines or the melon net upwards, then the tops of the common bitter gourds are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The bitter gourd is a mountain bitter gourd, a composite planting mode of interplanting mountain bitter gourds with shelf-type kadsura coccinea is adopted, the kadsura coccinea is planted according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the line spacing of 3.5m, and the mountain bitter gourds are planted according to the plant spacing of 4.5m and the line spacing of 5 m; and planting a mountain balsam pear every two black tigers. A composite planting mode of interplanting mountain balsam pears in a shed fence type black cutworms is adopted, and the mountain balsam pears are interplanted in a fence type among black cutworm planting rows; planting Kadsura coccinea according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 3.5m, and planting Momordica charantia according to the plant spacing of 4.5m and the row spacing of 5 m; every two black tigers are planted with one mountain balsam pear, as shown in figure 2.

The fence-type interplanting of the mountain balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the mountain balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the mountain balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

The black tiger planting method further comprises the following steps:

(1) Garden selection: the black cutworms have wide adaptability, strong resistance, preference for light and shade, good warmness and cold resistance, and can be cultivated in open field for overwintering in areas with the temperature of more than 10 ℃ in winter. Neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam which is convenient for drainage and irrigation in plains, hills, roadside, below cliffs, riversides, fields and the like can be planted.

(2) Erecting a shed frame: and (3) excavating holes which are slightly larger than the cement columns and are 50cm deep by using ground drills or holes at intervals of 3m multiplied by 3m and are formed by 12.0cm multiplied by 10.0cm multiplied by 230cm cement columns at intervals of 4m multiplied by 3m or 8cm multiplied by 230cm, and burying the cement columns into the soil and tightly filling. The small holes at the top of the main column are connected and righted by plastic-coated steel wires in series, one plastic-coated steel wire is transversely pulled above the plant, two ends of the plastic-coated steel wire are connected with ground anchors or steel wire rope tighteners, the middle of the plastic-coated steel wire is tightened and fixed to form a space of 3.0m multiplied by 2.0m, a planar frame is arranged, the plastic-coated steel wires with slightly thin points are paved on the frame at intervals of 0.6m in the same bed direction, and one plastic-coated steel wire is pulled in the middle of the two transverse plastic-coated steel wires to form a shed frame for supporting branches and tendrils in a 0.6m multiplied by 1.0m net shape.

(3) Applying a base fertilizer: 1 month before field planting, digging planting pits with length, width and depth of 60-70 cm and 50-60 cm according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, putting 20 kg of rotten human and animal manure, compost, cake fertilizer, dry-branch fallen leaves and weeds and other farmyard manure, fully mixing with surface soil, and returning to the depth of two thirds of the pits.

(4) Planting: the optimal time is from winter to 5 months of the next year, the temperature is not high, the illumination is not strong, and the growth of the plant is not greatly influenced under the condition of no shading. Spreading root systems of the black cutworms, planting the black cutworms in planting pits with base fertilizers, compacting, lifting seedlings, and pouring root fixing water.

(5) And (3) field management: after the planting survival, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers with low concentration can be applied for half a month, and the quick-acting fertilizer is applied once every half a month to 1 month later to promote the growth of the seedlings.

In order to enable the black tiger to get on the greenhouse as soon as possible, axillary buds need to be removed in time, and the main vines need to be reserved. When the main vine grows to 20-30 cm high, inserting bamboo poles in time to guide the vine to the shed.

(6) Black tiger management for 2-3 years of planting: spreading the pit and applying fertilizer in winter, topdressing compound fertilizer and leaf fertilizer in spring, summer and autumn, bud picking, trimming and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

The black tiger of the new species in the current year adopts a shed frame type compound planting mode of interplanting black tiger and bitter gourd, and the bitter gourd planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: interplanting is carried out between the black cutworms. Interplanting in black cutworm, planting common fructus Momordicae Charantiae in the middle of 2 black cutworms, planting 1 fructus Momordicae Charantiae every 2 black cutworms, digging pit, and applying fertilizer (the same method as black cutworm planting).

(2) Planting: beginning to grow seedlings (can grow seedlings by using a nutrition cup) in 3 months every year, planting the balsam pears in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, planting the balsam pears in planting pits with good base fertilizers, compacting and pouring root fixing water;

(3) And (3) field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. And then fertilizing once every half month or 1 month.

Removing lateral vines and keeping main vines, so that the bitter gourds can be put on the shed as soon as possible.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

After the main vines are put on shelves, proper vine arrangement is carried out, and the side vines with the same length and thickness in all directions are ensured, so that ventilation and lighting are facilitated. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

(4) And (3) pest control: the main diseases comprise virus diseases and powdery mildew; the main pests include melon aphids, diaphania cucullata, and melon flies.

Bitter gourd virus diseases, removing disease plants in the early stage of disease occurrence, spraying 20 percent of virus A, virus K,1.5 percent of phytocide and the like, simultaneously irrigating roots with 6000-7500 times of liquid of Heda Fufu foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. Powdery mildew is sprayed on 12.5 percent myclobutanil leaves, and is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 4 times continuously.

The aphis cucurbitae can be sprayed with 3% acetamiprid (Mobian) emulsifiable concentrate and 10% Yinyujing (imidacloprid). The diaphania cucullata can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder (Bt powder) and emamectin benzoate (emamectin benzoate). The melon fly can be trapped and killed by small yellow plate and sex attractant or sprayed by 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin. The process is continued for 2 to 3 times.

(5) Harvesting: the suitable harvesting period is 12-15 days after flowering, and timely harvesting is needed.

The black cutworms planted for 2-3 years adopt a shed fence type compound planting mode of interplanting the black cutworms with bitter gourds, and the bitter gourd planting also comprises the following steps:

(1) The steps are the same as the trellis cultivation;

(4) Field management: after the field planting survives, the application of low-concentration quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or other water fertilizers can be started half a month later. And then fertilizing once every half month or 1 month.

When the main vines just reach the shed roof, the main vines are topped to promote the branch vines under the shed to be layered and reserved so as to facilitate ventilation and lighting. After fruit setting, diseased fruits, insect pests fruits and malformed fruits should be removed in time, and inferior fruits should be intensively buried.

In the early stage of melon bearing, the principle of keeping soil dry is generally adopted, small water can be used for watering in the absence of water, additional fertilizer can be used for watering sometimes, and watering is generally carried out once in 7 days.

(5) This step is the same as trellis cultivation.

Comparative example

The planting mode of interplanting black cuter and bitter gourds in example 2 is adopted, and the yield and the output value of the black cuter and the momordicas grosvenori and the passion fruit are compared, and are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of planting density, seedling cost, yield and output value of black tiger interplanting balsam pear, mountain balsam pear, fructus momordicae and passion fruit

	Balsam pear	Mountain balsam pear	Momordica grosvenori	Passion fruit
					Planting density (plant/mu)	100	35	75	70
Seedling unit price (Yuan/plant)	0.5	12	2.5	1.5
					Seedling cost (Yuan/mu)	50	420	187.5	105
Yield per mu	2500kg	2500kg	12000	1000kg
					Product unit price (yuan)	5 yuan/kg	16 yuan/kg	0.8 yuan/piece	10 yuan/kg
Output value (Wanyuan/mu)	1.25	4.0	0.96	1.0

As can be seen from Table 1, the yield and the output value of the black cutworm interplanted with the balsam pear and the mountain balsam pear are obviously superior to those of the passion fruit and the momordica grosvenori.

In a black tiger planting demonstration base in Guilin Guangxi province in 2017-2019 years, bitter gourds, passion fruits and fructus momordicae are respectively interplanted, 9 black tiger plants interplanted by the bitter gourds are randomly selected, the thickness, the length, the branch number, the side vine thickness and the total number of green leaves of the black tiger are respectively measured, the results are shown in table 2, statistical tests are carried out on the results by using an SPSS statistical software Kruskal-walls H test method, the results show that the differences of the main vine thickness, the side vine thickness and the total number of the green leaves are obvious, sigs are respectively 0.028, 0.001 and 0.00 < 0.05, the bitter gourds are interplanted on the black tiger, the main vine thickness, the side vine thickness and the total number of the green leaves are obviously higher than those interplanted on the fructus momordicae and the passion fruits, and the growth and development of the black tiger can be better promoted by covering the bitter gourds.

TABLE 2 comparison of the growth conditions of Kadsura coccinea plants after interplanting balsam pear, fructus momordicae and passion fruit

TABLE 3 comparison of nutritional ingredients of mountain balsam pear and common balsam pear

The experimental observation and the experimental observation results of many years show that the black tiger planted for 1-3 years is more beneficial to the growth of the black tiger by interplanting the black tiger than single black tiger, the land utilization rate is improved, the investment cost for planting the black tiger is reduced, and the economic income is increased. The interplanting of common balsam pears and mountain balsam pears has more advantages than the interplanting of passion fruits and momordica grosvenori in black cutworms, and the specific advantages are as follows:

1. the fructus Momordicae Charantiae (containing common fructus Momordicae Charantiae and mountain fructus Momordicae Charantiae) has long growth period, long harvest time, and high yield.

From 4 months to 11 months, the harvest period is as long as 6-7 months, and the yield per mu can be as high as more than 2500 kilograms.

2. The balsam pear (containing common balsam pear and mountain balsam pear) has good ventilation and light transmission, and can meet the requirement of illumination for the most suitable growth of black tigers.

The palm-shaped leaves are soft, small and thin, have good ventilation and light transmission, are low in canopy intensity, can meet the requirement of illumination for the optimum growth of the black cutworms, and are beneficial to the growth of the black cutworms. Although the passion fruit belongs to palm-shaped leaves, the leaves are wide and thick, the momordica grosvenori is heart-shaped, and the leaves are wide, thick, high in canopy density and poor in ventilation and light transmittance, so that the black tiger under the shed is not sufficiently illuminated, easily grows on the feet, is fine in plants, has few green leaves, and is not beneficial to the growth of the black tiger (see table 2).

3. The fructus Momordicae Charantiae (containing common fructus Momordicae Charantiae and mountain fructus Momordicae Charantiae) has high yield and high yield.

The yield of the balsam pear (containing common balsam pear and mountain balsam pear) can reach more than 2500 kilograms, the income of the common balsam pear per mu can reach 1.25 ten thousand yuan, and the income of the mountain balsam pear per mu can reach 4.0 ten thousand yuan (see table 1).

4. The bitter gourd (including common bitter gourd and mountain bitter gourd) has wide application range and simple and convenient planting management.

The proper planting range of the momordica grosvenori and the passion fruit has certain limitation, especially, for a new planting area, the proper planting property is also considered, artificial flower dropping is needed in flowering seasons and sections, flower dropping is carried out from the starting point to the end of flower dropping for at least 60 days, at least 6 hours of flower dropping are carried out every day, each person needs 0.36 ten thousand yuan per day according to 60 yuan per day, 1.2 ten thousand momordica grosvenori is produced per mu, the average price of purchasing (big, middle and small fruits) is 0.8 yuan per mu, 0.96 yuan per mu is collected, the flower dropping labor cost is only deducted, and 0.6 yuan per mu is collected (the cost of fertilizer, pesticide, weeding, picking and the like is not deducted). The passion fruit belongs to tropical and subtropical fruits, the environment below 0 ℃ is not suitable for the growth of the passion fruit, plants can be seriously damaged and even die when the external temperature is below 2 ℃ below zero, the planting season and the management method are improper, generally, the passion fruit which blooms after 9 months is affected by cold weather in northern areas of Guangxi osmanthus fragrans, the fruit cannot be ripe, the fruit which blooms after 7-8 months can be actually harvested, the yield is only about 800-1000 kg, and the yield per mu is 0.8-1.0 ten thousand yuan calculated according to the price of 10 yuan per kg.

5. The black cutworm can be interplanted with the balsam pear (containing common balsam pear and mountain balsam pear) for 2 to 3 years, so that the investment cost of the black cutworm is reduced by 2 to 3 years.

The black cutworms planted in the current year are planted by interplanting the bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds, income can be generated in the current year, but for the black cutworms planted in the 2-3 years, the black cutworms are already put in the greenhouse, branches and tendrils can continue to grow, the whole greenhouse is covered, if the greenhouse planting is continuously adopted, the black cutworms and the bitter gourds compete for the spatial extension direction of the branches and tendrils, the growth of the black cutworms is not facilitated, and a fence type planting mode of interplanting the bitter gourds or the mountain bitter gourds is adopted, so that sufficient growth space is provided for the branches and tendrils of the black cutworms, the land utilization rate is improved, the income is increased, and the investment cost of the black cutworms in 2-3 years is reduced.

6. The balsam pear has good economic value. The balsam pear is a plant used as both medicine and food, can be widely used for vegetables and also can be used as a medicine, and has the efficacy of reducing blood sugar and blood fat.

7. The mountain balsam pear as a black tiger shading plant has more advantages than the common balsam pear:

(1) The planting density is small, and the cultivation management is convenient.

(2) The yield value is high, the price per kilogram is 12-16 yuan according to the output per mu of 2500 kilograms, and the income per mu can reach 3.0-4.0 ten thousand yuan.

(3) The health care value is high, as can be seen in table 3, the momordicoside content of the momordica charantia can reach 6.02 percent at most, which is 3.56 times higher than that of the common momordica charantia, the moisture content is 90.6 percent, which is 3 percent lower than that of the common momordica charantia, that is, the dry matter content is higher than that of the common momordica charantia, the soluble solid content reaches 5 percent, which is about 20 percent higher than that of the common momordica charantia; the content of calcium is 3.59X 10 ³ The vitamin C content of the fresh bitter gourd per 100g is 1.5 times higher than that of the common bitter gourd, and the vitamin C content and the protein content of the fresh bitter gourd per 100g are respectively 10 percent higher than that of the common bitter gourd and 19 percent higher than that of the common bitter gourd.

In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A black cuter interplanting balsam pear compound planting method is characterized in that black cuters are interplanted with balsam pears, wherein a shed frame type black cuter interplanting balsam pear compound planting mode is adopted for newly planted black cuters in the same year, and a shed frame fence type black cuter interplanting balsam pear compound planting mode is adopted for fixedly planted black cuters for 2-3 years;

the bitter gourds are common bitter gourds, a shed frame type black tiger and common bitter gourd interplanting composite planting mode is adopted, and a common bitter gourd is planted between two adjacent black tigers; a shed fence type black cuter and common bitter gourd interplanting composite planting mode is adopted, fence type common bitter gourds are interplanted between black cuter planting rows, and a common bitter gourd is planted between two adjacent black cuters;

planting black tigers according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2.5 m and the row spacing of 2.5-3.5 m, and planting common bitter gourds according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2.5 m and the row spacing of 2.5-3.5 m;

the fence type interplanting of the common balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the common balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the common balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

2. The method for planting the black cutworms and the balsam pears in a combined manner according to claim 1, is characterized in that the balsam pears are mountain balsam pears, a trellis type black cutworms and mountain balsam pear combined planting mode is adopted, and one mountain balsam pear is planted every two black cutworms; a shed fence type black cuter and mountain balsam pear compound planting mode is adopted, fence type mountain balsam pears are interplanted among black cuter planting rows, and one mountain balsam pear is planted every two black cuters;

the bitter gourd is mountain bitter gourd, the black tiger is fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2.5 m and the line spacing of 2.5-3.5 m, and the mountain bitter gourd is fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 3.5-4.5 m and the line spacing of 4-5 m;

the fence-type interplanting of the mountain balsam pears is that a plurality of parallel pull lines are arranged between two longitudinal cement columns, or a melon net vertical to the ground is arranged, so that the mountain balsam pears climb to a ceiling from the ground upwards along the parallel pull lines or the melon net, the tops of the mountain balsam pears are picked, and melon vines are branched and grown under a shed frame.

3. The composite planting method for interplanting black cutworms with bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the black cutworms are planted by the method further comprising the following steps:

(1) Erecting a shed frame: embedding a cement column, and arranging steel-plastic steel wires on the cement column to form a net-shaped shed frame for supporting branches and tendrils;

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: before field planting, digging a pit and putting farmyard manure into the pit;

(3) Planting: before 5 months in winter to the next year, the black tiger is planted in a planting pit with a base fertilizer, compacted, lifted, and watered to fix roots;

(4) Field management: after the field planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing axillary buds in time, reserving main vines, and inserting bamboo poles to guide the vines to a shed when the main vines grow to be 20-30 cm high;

(5) Black tiger management for 2-3 years of planting: spreading the pits in winter every year, applying compound fertilizer and leaf fertilizer in spring, summer and autumn, bud picking, trimming, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.

4. The method for planting the black cutworms and the balsam pears in a combined manner according to claim 1, wherein the black cutworms newly planted in the same year are planted in a shed black cutworm and balsam pear combined planting mode, and the balsam pear planting method further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: digging a pit and putting farmyard manure in the space between the black tiger planting rows;

(2) Planting: seedling raising is started in 3 months per year, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months to the last 4 months, bitter gourds are planted in planting pits with good base fertilizers, and root fixing water is compacted and poured;

(3) Field management: after the planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing the lateral tendrils, reserving the main tendrils, and after the main tendrils are put on shelves, arranging the tendrils to ensure that the lateral tendrils with consistent length and thickness are arranged in all directions; paying attention to pest control, removing diseased fruits, pest fruits and malformed fruits in time, and intensively burying the inferior fruits;

(4) Harvesting: timely harvesting 12-15 days after blooming.

5. The method for planting the black cutworms and the balsam pears in a combined manner according to claim 1, wherein the black cutworms planted for 2-3 years adopt a shed fence type black cutworm and balsam pear interplanting combined planting mode, and the balsam pear planting further comprises the following steps:

(1) Applying a base fertilizer: digging a pit and putting farmyard manure in the space between the black tiger planting rows;

(2) Planting: seedling culture is started in 3 months per year, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, bitter gourds are planted in planting pits with good base fertilizers, and root fixing water is compacted and poured;

(3) Field management: after the field planting survives, applying water and fertilizer every half month to one month, removing lateral tendrils, reserving main tendrils, and when the main tendrils reach the top of the shed, topping to promote the branch tendrils under the shed to be reserved in a layered manner; paying attention to pest control, removing diseased fruits, pest fruits and malformed fruits in time, and intensively burying the inferior fruits;

(4) Harvesting: timely harvesting 12-15 days after blooming.

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