CN104969807B - A kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid - Google Patents

A kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104969807B
CN104969807B CN201510425417.7A CN201510425417A CN104969807B CN 104969807 B CN104969807 B CN 104969807B CN 201510425417 A CN201510425417 A CN 201510425417A CN 104969807 B CN104969807 B CN 104969807B
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aphid
cecidomyiia
food
population
plastic flowerpot
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CN104969807A (en
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胡永军
朱慧
林桂玉
李勇
潘子龙
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
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Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid, and integrated apparatus is formed from plastic flowerpot, cultivation matrix, tobacco seedlings, fly net and light compensating lamp, realizes that food aphid cecidomyiia expands numerous, recovery and facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid.The invention, which is advantageous to expand numerous establish using the food aphid cecidomyiia of microcommunity, is suitable for the sufficiently large special-shaped ladybug population of Population of production, it is adaptable to field conditions after release, food rate height is flutterred aphid, aphid insect density can be effectively reduced, preventive effect is up to more than 85%.

Description

A kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid, specifically, is related to a kind of food aphid goitre The method that mosquito expands numerous, recovery and its preventing and treating vegetable aphid, belongs to controlling vegetables technical field.
Background technology
Shi Ya Gall uranotaenias are the weights of a variety of aphids such as black peach aphid, radish aphid, melon aphid, brevicoryne brassicae, bean aphid in Diptera Cecidomyiidae Predator is wanted, there is the biological characteristicses such as distribution is wide, predatory number is big, reproductive capacity is strong, be that a kind of exploitation prospect is wide Natural enemy insect.
Turn into using the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion technology of natural enemy insect pest control at present and ensured that the strong of China's green agriculture development is arranged Apply, the utilization about eating aphid cecidomyiia there are many reports both at home and abroad.Shi Ya Gall mosquitos are holometabolans, have in life ovum, Four kinds of larva, pupa and adult different forms, in the Shi Ya Gall mosquito aphagia in ovum phase and pupa time, predation mainly in larva and Adulthood, wherein it is especially big with larval phase predatory number, it is the main period for eliminating insect.The Shi Ya Gall mosquitos products of commercialization with Ovum, larva, which are used as, applies worm state.
At present, in vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion application also there are many deficiencies and defect in the Chrysopa of commercialization, main Show as：（1）Desinsection speed is slow, it is difficult to forces down insect population rapidly.It is strong to eat aphid cecidomyiia adult diffusivity, the production of commodity helping digestion aphid cecidomyiia It is not easy to establish the sufficiently large population of Population in heliogreenhouse after product release, have impact on the prevention effect to aphid；（2）With Amount is big, costly.In order to reach preferable prevention effect, it is necessary to discharge the commodity helping digestion aphid cecidomyiia product of big colony, cause to prevent It is big to control cost, vegetable grower is reluctant to receive, and is difficult to promote in production；（3）It is difficult to recycle after the cecidomyiia release of food aphid.Utilize commercialization Food aphid cecidomyiia preventing and treating vegetable-crop pest-insect is also not carried out eating the recovery of aphid cecidomyiia and recycled.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to be directed to disadvantages described above, there is provided one kind food aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid Method, using this method, realize and force down insect population rapidly, preventive effect is good；Dosage is few, and cost is low；Eat aphid cecidomyiia recycling Purpose.
To solve above technical problem, the present invention uses following technical scheme：One kind food aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetables aphid The method of worm, it is characterised in that including facility for prevention and control selecting step：
Expand the one of numerous recovery food aphid cecidomyiia from plastic flowerpot, cultivation matrix, tobacco seedlings, fly net and light compensating lamp composition Makeup is put.
A kind of prioritization scheme, the cultivation matrix are contained in plastic flowerpot, and the volume of cultivation matrix is held for plastic flowerpot Long-pending half；Plastic flowerpot inwall topmost sets 1 light compensating lamp；In cultivation matrix, fly net is sealed in modeling for tobacco seedlings dense planting Expect flowerpot mouth.
Further, including population foundation step：
Integrated apparatus is put into the vegetable growing of heliogreenhouse in the ranks, 667m2Uniformly place 60, during 41 heart of leaf of tobacco seedlings Pinching is simultaneously inoculated with cigarette aphid 50；
Greenhouse temperature is kept for 20-35 DEG C daytime, more than 15 DEG C of night.
Further, in population foundation step：
Cigarette aphid feeding tobacco seedlings, mating, spawning, hatching, food is discharged into plastic flowerpot again after cigarette aphid population expands within 10-15 days Aphid cecidomyiia adult 9, night open light compensating lamp light filling 6 hours, food aphid cecidomyiia feeding cigarette aphid, mating, spawning, hatching, establish kind Group.
Further, in addition to preventing and treating step：
Fly net was opened after food aphid cecidomyiia population foundation through 15-20 days, release food aphid cecidomyiia is spread in field and preys on aphid Worm；
After food aphid cecidomyiia all diffuses to field, plastic flowerpot mouth sealing fly net, remaining cigarette aphid feeding tobacco seedlings, hand over Match somebody with somebody, lay eggs, hatch, cultivate population.
Further, prevent and treat in step：
When field aphid insect density is reduced to below action threshold, fly net is opened, part eats aphid cecidomyiia adult and returns to modeling Expect in the tobacco seedlings in flowerpot, when the food aphid cecidomyiia adult in each plastic flowerpot is up to more than 9, basin mouth seals fly net, eats aphid The mating of cecidomyiia adult, spawning, hatching, expand breeding group.
Further, prevent and treat in step：
Fly net is opened when aphid damages to vegetable growth again when field, release food aphid cecidomyiia is expanded in field Dissipate and prey on aphid.
Further, plastic flowerpot is square, high 50cm, volume 0.18m3；Cultivation matrix presses 3 by turf and vermiculite：1 group Into；The mesh number of fly net is 50.
Further, tobacco seedlings 25-30 strains are colonized in cultivation matrix；Light compensating lamp is 1.5 volts of rated voltage, 0.5 watt of power Incandescent lamp.
Further, the control rate of aphid is 87.6%-91.2%.
Pinching inspires lateral bud during 41 heart of leaf of tobacco seedlings, and enough food sources are provided for cigarette aphid.
Pay attention to strengthening the rich water quality management of tobacco seedlings, ensure the increment of tobacco seedlings.
Action threshold refers to the minimum insect density that field aphid damages to vegetable growth.Using yellow card's trap Method determines the action threshold of aphid, 1 25cm × 40cm yellow plate is respectively hung at heliogreenhouse both ends and middle part, often to put down daily The action threshold of the Aphed population prediction aphid of square rice yellow card's trap, when the Aphed population of yellow card's trap is less than 5 m-2· Day-1, as field aphid insect density will not damage below action threshold to vegetable growth；Work as yellow card's trap Aphed population be not less than 5 m-2Day-1, vegetable growth can be damaged.
The food aphid cecidomyiia population established in plastic flowerpot includes the food aphid cecidomyiia of the various worm states such as adult, larva, pupa, ovum.
After the present invention uses above technical scheme, compared with prior art, there is advantages below：Be advantageous to utilize microcommunity Food aphid cecidomyiia expand numerous sufficiently large food aphid cecidomyiia population of Population established and be suitable for production, the dosage of food aphid cecidomyiia is The 9% of conventional amount used, commodity helping digestion aphid cecidomyiia product dosage is few, and expenses for prevention and control can be greatly lowered.
Specific artificial feeding environmental condition is not needed, but is carried out under the conditions of the field conditions of facilities vegetable growth , to the adaptable of field conditions after release, food rate height is flutterred aphid, aphid insect density can be effectively reduced, is prevented Effect is controlled up to 87.6%-91.2%, 12.8%-16.7% is improved than conventional method；Volume increase reaches 8.7%-13.5%.
This method can realize food aphid cecidomyiia recycling；Method design is simple, easy to operate and popularization.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of integrated apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention；
In figure,
1- plastic flowerpots, 2- cultivation matrixes, 3- tobacco seedlings, 4- fly nets, 5- light compensating lamps.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, without the claim and core limiting the invention in any way Content.
Embodiment, as shown in figure 1, a kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid, including facility for prevention and control are chosen Step：Expand numerous, recovery food aphid cecidomyiia from square plastic flowerpot 1, cultivation matrix 2, tobacco seedlings 3, fly net 4 and light compensating lamp 5 composition With utilizing the integrated apparatus for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable-crop pest-insect；Plastic flowerpot 1 high 50cm, volume 0.18m3, plastic flower The inwall of basin 1 topmost sets 1 1.5 volts of rated voltage, the incandescent lamp of 0.5 watt of power to make light compensating lamp 5；Contained in plastic flowerpot 1 3 are pressed by turf and vermiculite：The cultivation matrix 2 of 1 composition, the volume of cultivation matrix 2 are the half of the volume of plastic flowerpot 1, cultivation base Dense planting 25-30 strains tobacco seedlings 3 in matter 2；1 mouthful of 50 mesh fly net 4 of sealing of plastic flowerpot.
Population foundation step：Above-mentioned integrated apparatus is put into the vegetable growing of heliogreenhouse in the ranks, 667m2Heliogreenhouse 60 are uniformly placed, pinching and cigarette aphid 50 is inoculated with when tobacco seedlings 3 have 41 heart of leaf, 20-35 DEG C of greenhouse temperature holding on daytime, night More than 15 DEG C, cigarette aphid feeding tobacco seedlings 3, mating, spawning, hatching, released again into plastic flowerpot 1 after cigarette aphid population expands within 10-15 days Put food aphid cecidomyiia adult 9（Sex ration 2:1）, night unlatching light compensating lamp light filling 6 hours, eat aphid cecidomyiia feeding cigarette aphid, mating, production Ovum, hatching, establish food aphid cecidomyiia population.
Prevent and treat step：Through eating aphid cecidomyiia Population in 15-20 days each plastic flowerpots up to opening insect prevention after more than 100 Net 4, release food aphid cecidomyiia are spread in field and prey on aphid；After food aphid cecidomyiia all diffuses to field, 1 mouthful of plastic flowerpot is close Fly net 4 is sealed, remaining cigarette aphid feeding tobacco seedlings, mating, spawning, hatching, cultivates cigarette aphid population；
When field aphid insect density is reduced to below action threshold, fly net 4 is opened, part eats aphid cecidomyiia adult and returns to modeling Expect in the tobacco seedlings in flowerpot 1, when the food aphid cecidomyiia adult in each plastic flowerpot 1 is up to more than 9, basin mouth seals fly net 4, Aphid cecidomyiia adult mating, spawning, hatching in plastic flowerpot 1 are eaten, expands numerous food aphid cecidomyiia population, is established in each plastic flowerpot 1 Population up to more than 100 scales food aphid cecidomyiia population, when when field, aphid damages to vegetable growth again Fly net 4 is opened, release food aphid cecidomyiia is spread in field and preys on aphid.
Beneficial effect caused by the present embodiment：
（1）The a certain Tomato in Greenhouse in Shouguang City, by greenhouse one dividing into three, centre is separated with 60 mesh fly nets, and 1/3 by this Invention is anti-to eliminate aphis（667m2Eat the initial dosage 540 of aphid cecidomyiia）, 1/3 discharges food aphid cecidomyiia according to a conventional method prevents eliminating aphis （667m2Eat aphid cecidomyiia burst size 6000）, 1/3 by any prophylactico-therapeutic measures is not used, and other control measures are completely the same.Statistics The control rate of aphid, the present invention are 89.1%, and conventional method release food aphid cecidomyiia is 76.3%；667m of the present invention2Yield 10471.8kg conventional method 667m2Yield 9374.5kg, the present invention is than conventional method volume increase 11.7%.
（2）The a certain cucumber in solar-greenhouse in Shouguang City, by greenhouse one dividing into three, centre is separated with 60 mesh fly nets, and 1/3 by this Invention is anti-to eliminate aphis（667m2Eat the initial dosage 540 of aphid cecidomyiia）, 1/3 discharges food aphid cecidomyiia according to a conventional method prevents eliminating aphis （667m2Eat aphid cecidomyiia burst size 6000）, 1/3 by any prophylactico-therapeutic measures is not used, and other control measures are completely the same.Statistics The control rate of aphid, the present invention are 88.5%, and conventional method release food aphid cecidomyiia is 71.8%；667m of the present invention2Yield 16557.2kg conventional method 667m2Yield 14986.9kg, the present invention is than conventional method volume increase 10.5%.
（3）The a certain Temperature Depression of Eggplant in Solar Greenhouse in Shouguang City, by greenhouse one dividing into three, centre is separated with 60 mesh fly nets, and 1/3 by this Invention is anti-to eliminate aphis（667m2Eat the initial dosage 540 of aphid cecidomyiia）, 1/3 discharges food aphid cecidomyiia according to a conventional method prevents eliminating aphis （667m2Eat aphid cecidomyiia burst size 6000）, 1/3 by any prophylactico-therapeutic measures is not used, and other control measures are completely the same.Statistics The control rate of aphid, the present invention are 91.2%, and conventional method release food aphid cecidomyiia is 77.3%；667m of the present invention2Yield 18695.1kg conventional method 667m2Yield 16979.7kg, the present invention is than conventional method volume increase 10.1%.
（4）The a certain heliogreenhouse color green pepper in Shouguang City, by greenhouse one dividing into three, centre is separated with 60 mesh fly nets, and 1/3 by this Invention is anti-to eliminate aphis（667m2Eat the initial dosage 540 of aphid cecidomyiia）, 1/3 discharges food aphid cecidomyiia according to a conventional method prevents eliminating aphis （667m2Eat aphid cecidomyiia burst size 6000）, 1/3 by any prophylactico-therapeutic measures is not used, and other control measures are completely the same.Statistics The control rate of aphid, the present invention are 90.8%, and conventional method release food aphid cecidomyiia is 75.3%；667m of the present invention2Yield 6713.4kg, conventional method 667m2Yield 6175.7kg, the present invention is than conventional method volume increase 8.7%.
（5）The a certain summer squash in greenhouse in Shouguang City, by greenhouse one dividing into three, centre is separated with 60 mesh fly nets, and 1/3 presses The present invention is anti-to eliminate aphis（667m2Eat the initial dosage 540 of aphid cecidomyiia）, 1/3 discharges food aphid cecidomyiia according to a conventional method prevents eliminating aphis （667m2Eat aphid cecidomyiia burst size 6000）, 1/3 by any prophylactico-therapeutic measures is not used, and other control measures are completely the same.Statistics The control rate of aphid, the present invention are 87.6%, and conventional method release food aphid cecidomyiia is 73.5%；667m of the present invention2Yield 12793.5kg conventional method 667m2Yield 11269.4kg, the present invention is than conventional method volume increase 13.5%.
Citing described above for best mode for carrying out the invention, wherein the part do not addressed in detail is that this area is common The common knowledge of technical staff.Protection scope of the present invention is defined by the content of claim, any technology based on the present invention The equivalent transformation for enlightening and carrying out, also within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1）Facility is chosen：Expand numerous, release, recovery food from plastic flowerpot, cultivation matrix, tobacco seedlings, fly net and light compensating lamp composition The integrated apparatus of aphid cecidomyiia；The cultivation matrix is contained in plastic flowerpot, and the volume of cultivation matrix is plastic flowerpot volume Half；Plastic flowerpot inwall topmost sets 1 light compensating lamp；In cultivation matrix, fly net is sealed in plastics for tobacco seedlings dense planting Flowerpot mouth；
    2）Population foundation：Integrated apparatus is put into the vegetable growing of heliogreenhouse in the ranks, 667m260 are uniformly placed, tobacco seedlings 4 Pinching and cigarette aphid 50 is inoculated with during 1 heart of leaf；Greenhouse temperature is kept for 20-35 DEG C daytime, more than 15 DEG C of night；Cigarette aphid feeding tobacco seedlings, Mating, spawning, hatching, food aphid cecidomyiia adult 9 is discharged into plastic flowerpot again after cigarette aphid population expands within 10-15 days, night opens Open light compensating lamp light filling 6 hours, eat aphid cecidomyiia feeding cigarette aphid, mating, spawning, hatching, establish population；
    3）Population discharges：Fly net was opened after food aphid cecidomyiia population foundation through 15-20 days, release food aphid cecidomyiia is spread simultaneously in field Prey on aphid；
    4）Recycle：After food aphid cecidomyiia all diffuses to field, plastic flowerpot mouth sealing fly net, remaining cigarette aphid feeding Tobacco seedlings, mating, spawning, hatching, cultivate population；When field aphid insect density is reduced to below action threshold, fly net, portion are opened Share the meal in the tobacco seedlings that aphid cecidomyiia adult is returned in plastic flowerpot, when the food aphid cecidomyiia adult in each plastic flowerpot is up to more than 9 When basin mouth sealing fly net, the mating of food aphid cecidomyiia adult, spawning, hatching, expand breeding group；When field aphid is again to vegetable growth Fly net is opened in development when damaging, release food aphid cecidomyiia is spread in field and preys on aphid；
    The action threshold refers to the minimum insect density that field aphid damages to vegetable growth, using yellow card's trap Method determines, specific method：1 25cm × 40cm yellow plate is respectively hung at heliogreenhouse both ends and middle part, when the aphid of yellow card's trap Borer population amount is less than 5 m-2Day-1, as field aphid insect density, will not be to vegetable growth below action threshold Damage；When the Aphed population of yellow card's trap is not less than 5 m-2Day-1, vegetable growth can be damaged；
    Methods described food aphid cecidomyiia product dosage is few, is the 9% of conventional amount used, cost accounting is greatly lowered；Force down worm rapidly Mouthful, preventive effect is good, and the control rate of aphid is 87.6%-91.2%.
  2. 2. the method for food aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plastic flowerpot is side Shape, high 50cm, volume 0.18m3；Cultivation matrix presses 3 by turf and vermiculite：1 composition；The mesh number of fly net is 50.
  3. 3. the method for food aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is fixed in cultivation matrix Plant tobacco seedlings 25-30 strains；Light compensating lamp is 1.5 volts of rated voltage, the incandescent lamp of 0.5 watt of power.
CN201510425417.7A 2015-07-20 2015-07-20 A kind of method for eating aphid cecidomyiia facility for prevention and control vegetable aphid Active CN104969807B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108371146A (en) * 2018-02-12 2018-08-07 贵州大学 A kind of release tech of food aphid cecidomyiia
CN113330962A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-09-03 山东省农业科学院 Method for preventing and treating facility strawberry aphids by eating cecidomyiia

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