CN108012995A - A kind of indoor feeding method and device of green wing thin,tough silk open country snout moth's larva - Google Patents
A kind of indoor feeding method and device of green wing thin,tough silk open country snout moth's larva Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及昆虫的饲养方法及饲养装置,具体是一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法及装置,包括幼虫、蛹、成虫的饲养和卵的收集和孵化步骤,具体是绿翅绢野螟初孵幼虫饲养于幼虫饲养装置中,以糖胶树叶为食料,饲养至预蛹,将其放入化蛹装置中直至其化蛹;鉴别雌雄蛹后分开放置于羽化盒中,羽化后配对置于成虫饲养装置中待其交配和产卵;收集成虫饲养装置中的卵粒,放入底部铺有保湿滤纸的干净圆形塑料培养皿中上铺幼嫩糖胶树叶,置于人工气候箱中,每天注意保湿,至其孵化;幼虫孵化后,将幼虫按照上述的步骤循环进行继代饲养。本发明为生物和非生物因素对绿翅绢野螟种群生存和繁殖的影响的研究,提供虫态发育进度较为一致的虫源。
The present invention relates to a feeding method and a feeding device for insects, in particular to an indoor feeding method and a device for the green-winged silk borer, including the feeding of larvae, pupae and adults, and the steps of collecting and hatching eggs, in particular to the green-winged silk borer The newly hatched larvae are raised in a larva rearing device, fed with sugar gum leaves until they are pre-pupated, and then placed in a pupation device until they pupate; after identifying male and female pupae, they are placed separately in eclosion boxes, and paired after eclosion Wait for them to mate and lay eggs in the adult rearing device; collect the eggs in the adult rearing device, put them in a clean round plastic petri dish with moisturizing filter paper on the bottom, spread young sugar gum leaves on top, and place them in an artificial climate box , pay attention to moisturizing every day until it hatches; after the larvae hatch, the larvae are subcultured according to the above-mentioned steps. The invention is for the study of the influence of biological and abiotic factors on the survival and reproduction of the green silk borer population, and provides an insect source with relatively consistent progress of insect state development.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及昆虫的饲养方法及其饲养装置,具体是一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法及装置。The invention relates to an insect feeding method and a feeding device thereof, in particular to an indoor feeding method and device of the green silk borer.
背景技术Background technique
绿翅绢野螟Diaphania angustalis Snellen(鳞翅目Lepidoptera:螟蛾科Pyralidae)是是糖胶树Alastonia schalaris L.的主要食叶害虫。其危害程度逐年上升,已经引起人们的关注。该虫以幼虫吐丝纵卷叶片形成虫苞,在内取食叶肉为害,其隐蔽性强、食量大,重者植株受害率达90%—95%;嫩叶受害率达85%;致使枝叶枯黄,引起落叶,造成秃枝光杆,严重降低了其使用价值、药用价值、观赏价值,影响了糖胶树的生长和生物药业的发展。绿翅绢野螟虽然在我国分布较广泛,但因为各地的气温等条件不同,发生为害情况也不一样,一般一年发生6-7代,为害时间长,防治难度大。害严重的园林绿化植物、行道树整株叶片均被食光,仅剩枯叶,严重影响城市景观、形象和生态效益。Diaphania angustalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the main foliar pest of sugar tree Alastonia scalaris L. The degree of its harm is increasing year by year, which has aroused people's attention. The larva spins silk and rolls the leaves vertically to form a bud, and eats the mesophyll inside to cause damage. It has strong concealment and large food intake. In severe cases, the damage rate of plants reaches 90%-95%; the damage rate of young leaves reaches 85%; Withered and yellow, causing fallen leaves, resulting in bare branches and bare poles, seriously reducing its use value, medicinal value, and ornamental value, and affecting the growth of sugar gum and the development of biopharmaceutical industry. Although the green-winged silk borer is widely distributed in my country, the damage is different due to the different temperature and other conditions in different places. Generally, there are 6-7 generations a year, and the damage takes a long time and is difficult to control. The entire leaves of the severely damaged landscaping plants and street trees are eaten up, leaving only dead leaves, which seriously affects the urban landscape, image and ecological benefits.
研究表明,影响昆虫种群爆发的主要影响因子是寄主、虫源基数(包括越冬和越夏基数)及有利种群数量增加的生态环境(如缺乏有效天敌)(孟庆繁.森林植物群落多样性与虫害自然控制力的研究进展.世界林业研究2003)。首先,园林生态系统的物种丰富度和多度值低,大面积单一树种的种植给害虫种群提供了丰富的食料促使其大量繁殖,是导致其种群爆发的主要原因之一。因为在园林生态系统中,绿化的树种有限,单一树种的大面积栽植给害虫提供了丰富的食料,有助于害虫(尤其是植食性种类)种群的快速繁殖。其次,能适应当地的气候条件并形成一定的越冬越夏基数是害虫种群爆发的基础。主要体现在害虫种群对当地极限高/低温的耐受能力(包括极限高/低温和高/低温的持续时间),耐受力强,存活率高,种群基数高。最后,由于园林生态系统的物种多样性较低,不能形成多样化的生境和丰富的食源等能来容纳更多的昆虫种类、天敌、捕食性节肢动物、食虫鸟类和其它动物物种,不能通过自身系统内的物种多样性调节或抵御害虫的为害。由于城市绿化空间及人工绿化所选择的树种有限、城市中人为干扰严重、树木生长的地下空间狭窄、管护不善引起的植物营养不良等因素的影响,难以营造出物种丰富度较高的园林景观,致使城市绿地系统难以建立起稳定平衡的生态功能。以致于不能吸引更加丰富天敌种类,从而使得害虫种群缺乏有效天敌的抑制致使其种群爆发式增长,对此有学者提出了天敌假说(Natural enemyhypothesis)(孟庆繁.森林植物群落多样性与虫害自然控制力的研究进展.世界林业研究2003)。因此,掌握主要和关键的生物(如寄主、天敌)和非生物因素(温度、湿度和光照)对绿翅绢野螟种群生存和繁殖的影响,是解析其种群爆发的前提和根本。Studies have shown that the main factors affecting insect population outbreaks are hosts, insect source bases (including overwintering and oversummer bases), and ecological environments that are conducive to population increase (such as lack of effective natural enemies) (Meng Qingfan. Forest plant community diversity and insect pest natural Advances in Control Research. World Forestry Research 2003). First of all, the species richness and abundance of garden ecosystems are low, and the planting of a large area of a single tree species provides abundant food for the pest population to promote its massive reproduction, which is one of the main reasons for its population outbreak. Because in the garden ecosystem, the tree species for greening are limited, and the large-scale planting of a single tree species provides abundant food for pests, which helps the rapid reproduction of pest (especially herbivorous species) populations. Secondly, being able to adapt to the local climatic conditions and forming a certain winter and summer base is the basis for the outbreak of pest populations. It is mainly reflected in the tolerance of the pest population to the local extreme high/low temperature (including the extreme high/low temperature and the duration of the high/low temperature), strong tolerance, high survival rate, and high population base. Finally, due to the low species diversity of the garden ecosystem, it is impossible to form a diversified habitat and rich food sources to accommodate more insect species, natural enemies, predatory arthropods, insectivorous birds and other animal species. It cannot regulate or resist the damage of pests through the species diversity in its own system. Due to the limited tree species selected for urban greening space and artificial greening, severe human disturbance in the city, narrow underground space for tree growth, and plant malnutrition caused by poor management and maintenance, it is difficult to create a garden landscape with high species richness , making it difficult for the urban green space system to establish a stable and balanced ecological function. As a result, it can not attract more abundant natural enemy species, so that the pest population lacks the suppression of effective natural enemies and causes its population to grow explosively. Some scholars have proposed the natural enemy hypothesis (Natural enemy hypothesis) (Meng Qingfan. Forest plant community diversity and natural pest control ability Research Advances. World Forestry Research 2003). Therefore, mastering the influence of main and key biotic (such as hosts, natural enemies) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and light) on the survival and reproduction of the P. chinensis population is the premise and basis for analyzing its population outbreak.
然而,弄清生物(如寄主、天敌)和非生物因素(温度、湿度和光照)对绿翅绢野螟种群生存和繁殖的影响却需要大量的、虫态发育进度较为一致的室内种群作为供试虫源。目前,国内外还未见绿翅绢野螟室内饲养的技术的报道。鉴于此,研究出一套绿翅绢野螟室内人工饲养技术,以实现试虫长期规模化的继代饲养,从而为探究其爆发机理提供充足的虫源,就显得尤为重要。However, to understand the effects of biotic (such as hosts, natural enemies) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and light) on the survival and reproduction of the P. chinensis population requires a large number of indoor populations with relatively consistent morphological development progress. Source of test insects. At present, there is no report on the technology of indoor rearing of the green-winged silk borer both at home and abroad. In view of this, it is particularly important to develop a set of indoor artificial rearing techniques for the green-winged silk borer to achieve long-term and large-scale subculture of test insects, so as to provide sufficient insect sources for exploring its outbreak mechanism.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法及装置,该饲养方法及装置可饲养出数量大,且虫态发育进度较为一致的绿翅绢野螟,作为生物(如寄主、天敌)和非生物因素(温度、湿度和光照)对绿翅绢野螟种群生存和繁殖的影响的研究的虫源。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of indoor breeding method and device of the green silk borer, the raising method and the device can raise a large number, and the relatively consistent development progress of the green silk borer, as biological (such as host , natural enemies) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity and light) on the population survival and reproduction of P.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法,包括幼虫、蛹、成虫和卵的饲养步骤,具体是,A kind of indoor rearing method of green silk borer, comprising the feeding steps of larvae, pupae, adults and eggs, specifically,
初孵幼虫至预蛹的具体过程是:The specific process from newly hatched larvae to prepupa is:
将糖胶树叶平铺于幼虫饲养装置底部,从孵化装置取出爬满初孵幼虫的糖胶树叶盖在幼虫饲养装置的糖胶树叶上,然后将幼虫饲养装置移至人工气候箱中饲养,Lay the chicle leaves on the bottom of the larva rearing device, take out the chicle leaves covered with newly hatched larvae from the hatching device and cover them on the gum leaves of the larva rearing device, then move the larva rearing device to an artificial climate box to raise,
每天更换一次食料,第二天更换食料时,将隔网安装在幼虫饲养装置的中部,并在隔网上平铺上新鲜食料供取食,第三天将隔网取出并清理幼虫饲养装置底部虫粪,再将隔网上的虫和食料铺入幼虫饲养装置底部,并在隔网上平铺新鲜食料,重复以上步骤直至幼虫体色变红呈预蛹状态。Change the food once a day. When changing the food on the second day, install the partition net in the middle of the larva rearing device, and spread fresh food on the partition net for feeding. On the third day, take out the partition net and clean the bottom of the larva rearing device. Feces, and then spread the worms and food materials on the separation net into the bottom of the larva rearing device, and spread fresh food materials on the separation net, repeat the above steps until the larva body color turns red and is in a pre-pupa state.
化蛹的具体过程是:The specific process of pupation is:
将呈预蛹状态的幼虫从幼虫饲养装置中挑至化蛹装置的纸槽中,并将化蛹装置移至人工气候箱中,幼虫吐丝缀合纸槽做茧并化蛹,待化蛹装置中的幼虫化蛹后,取出纸槽,拉住两边,向两端轻轻拉扯,使茧撕裂,再用消过毒的镊子将蛹取出。Pick the larvae in the pre-pupation state from the larva rearing device to the paper trough of the pupation device, and move the pupation device to the artificial climate box. The larvae spin silk and bind the paper trough to make cocoons and pupate, and wait for pupation After the larvae in the device pupate, take out the paper trough, pull the two sides, and gently pull towards the two ends to tear the cocoon, and then take out the pupae with sterilized tweezers.
羽化的具体过程是:The specific process of feathering is:
体视镜下辨别雌雄,将雌雄蛹分别放入两个不同的已消毒的羽化装置内,蛹置于保湿滤纸上,并将羽化装置移至人工气候箱中,直至羽化。The male and female pupae were identified under a stereoscope, and the male and female pupae were placed in two different sterile eclosion devices. The pupae were placed on moisturizing filter paper, and the eclosion device was moved to an artificial climate box until eclosion.
交配至产卵具体过程是:The specific process from mating to spawning is:
将同日龄刚刚羽化的雌虫和雄虫移至交配产卵装置中,并放入糖胶树叶,再将交配产卵装置移至人工气候箱中,任其自由交配,当交配产卵装置中出现卵粒时取出雄虫,然后每天将交配产卵装置上有虫卵的部件取出更换,直至产卵结束;Move the females and males that have just emerged at the same age to the mating and oviposition device, and put the sugar gum leaves, and then move the mating and oviposition device to the artificial climate box, and let them mate freely. When the mating and oviposition device appears Take out the male worm when the eggs are in, and then take out and replace the parts of the mating and oviposition device with eggs every day until the end of oviposition;
孵化至初孵幼虫具体过程是:The specific process from hatching to newly hatched larvae is:
将绿翅绢野螟的虫卵放入底部铺有保湿滤纸的孵化装置中,上铺幼嫩糖胶树叶,置于人工气候箱中,至虫卵孵化成初孵幼虫,Put the eggs of the green-winged silk moth into the hatching device with moisturizing filter paper on the bottom, spread the young sugar gum leaves on top, and place them in an artificial climate box until the eggs hatch into newly hatched larvae.
幼虫孵化后,将幼虫按照上述的步骤循环进行继代饲养。After the larvae hatch, the larvae are subcultured according to the above-mentioned steps.
进一步的,所述幼虫饲养装置包括盒体一(6)、盒盖一(5)和隔网(8),盒盖一(5)盖于盒体一(6)顶部,隔网(8)活动的设置在盒体一(6)中部,所述的隔网(8)的网眼大小为6~8mm。Further, the larva rearing device comprises a box body one (6), a box cover one (5) and a partition net (8), the box cover one (5) covers the top of the box body one (6), and the compartment net (8) The movable one is arranged in the middle part of the box body one (6), and the mesh size of the partition net (8) is 6-8mm.
进一步的,所述化蛹装置包括盒体二(10)、盒盖二(9)和纸槽(11),盒盖二(9)盖于盒体二(10)顶部,纸槽(11)放于盒体二(10)中,纸槽(11)为双层。Further, the pupation device includes box body two (10), box cover two (9) and a paper slot (11), the box cover two (9) is covered on the top of the box body two (10), and the paper slot (11) Put in the box body two (10), the paper groove (11) is double-layer.
进一步的所述羽化装置包装底座一(16)和杯体(14),杯体(14)倒扣在底座一(16)上,杯体(14)顶面设有通孔,通孔由纱网(15)封口,纱网(15)网眼大小为10-12目,通孔上方设置沾有糖水的棉球(13);底座一(16)中部向下凹陷,底座一(16)上铺有保湿滤纸(4)。Further described feathering device packaging base one (16) and cup body (14), cup body (14) is buckled on the base one (16), and cup body (14) top surface is provided with through hole, and through hole is made of yarn Net (15) is sealed, and gauze (15) mesh size is 10-12 order, and the cotton ball (13) that is stained with sugar water is arranged above the through hole; There are moisturizing filter papers (4).
进一步的,所述交配产卵装置包括底座二(19)、杯身筒(18)和杯盖(17),杯身筒(18)设置在底座二(19)上,杯盖(17)盖于杯身筒(18)上,杯盖(17)顶面设有通孔,通孔由纱网(15)封口,纱网(15)网眼大小为10-12目,通孔上方设置沾有糖水的棉球(13),底座二(19)中部向下凹陷,底座二(19)上铺有保湿滤纸(4)。Further, the mating and spawning device includes a base two (19), a cup body (18) and a cup cover (17), the cup body (18) is arranged on the base two (19), and the cup cover (17) covers On the cup body tube (18), the top surface of the cup cover (17) is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is sealed by a gauze (15). The mesh size of the gauze (15) is 10-12 mesh. The cotton ball (13) of sugar water, the base two (19) middle part is sunken downwards, and the base two (19) is covered with moisturizing filter paper (4).
6、根据权利要求1所述的绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法,其特征在于,所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃,光周期为14L:10D,湿度为70%±10%。6. The indoor rearing method of the green leaf borer according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature in the artificial climate box is 25°C±1°C, the photoperiod is 14L:10D, and the humidity is 70% ±10%.
本发明的突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是:Outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress of the present invention are:
1、本发明能为研究生物(如寄主、天敌和病菌)和非生物因素(温度、湿度和光照)对绿翅绢野螟种群生存和繁殖的影响提供虫态发育进度较为一致的虫源。且涉及的饲养装置构造简单,成本低廉,操作简易,节省人力,循环使用。1. The present invention can provide a comparatively consistent worm source for researching the influence of organisms (such as hosts, natural enemies and pathogens) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity and light) on the survival and reproduction of the green leaf silkworm population. Moreover, the related feeding device has simple structure, low cost, easy operation, manpower saving and recycling use.
2、本发明中采用圆形塑料盒作为绿翅绢野螟幼虫的饲养装置,装置中部有可拆放的网。在网上补充食料,幼虫会主动爬向新鲜食料,这不仅可减少在更换食料时对虫体的接触,还能隔离排泄物对食料的污染,解决幼虫室内饲养中由于接触染致病微生物而死亡的问题,同时可大量节省人力。2, adopt circular plastic box among the present invention as the rearing device of silk borer larvae, and there is detachable net in the middle part of the device. Add food on the Internet, and the larvae will actively crawl to fresh food, which can not only reduce the contact with the worms when changing the food, but also isolate the pollution of the excrement to the food, and solve the problem of larvae dying due to contact with pathogenic microorganisms in indoor breeding problems, while saving a lot of manpower.
3、本发明中化蛹装置采用双层纸槽供给预蛹化蛹,相对于该虫自然化蛹的方式为缀合叶片化蛹(化蛹率:88%;畸形率:1.5%;)和在土壤里化蛹(化蛹率:68%;畸形率:7.2%),此装置不仅化蛹的成功率较高,畸形率低(化蛹率:92%;畸形率:1.1%),且节约使用面积,平均每个装置可容纳20头预蛹进行化蛹过程。并且,双层纸槽的设计,可以使幼虫在纸槽上下均可缀合化蛹,不会互相影响,也不会造成茧室被破坏多次转移作茧造成体力消耗而化蛹失败。此外,在取蛹的过程中也节省人力和减少对用体机械伤害。3, the pupation device among the present invention adopts the double-deck paper tank to supply pre-pupation pupation, is the conjugation blade pupation (pupation rate: 88%; Abnormality rate: 1.5%;) and Pupation in the soil (pupation rate: 68%; deformity rate: 7.2%), this device not only has a higher success rate of pupation, but also a low deformity rate (pupation rate: 92%; deformity rate: 1.1%), and The use area is saved, and each device can accommodate 20 prepupae on average for the pupation process. Moreover, the design of the double-layer paper tank can make the larvae pupate both on the upper and lower sides of the paper tank, and will not affect each other, and will not cause the cocoon chamber to be destroyed and transferred to make cocoons for many times, resulting in physical exertion and failure to pupate. In addition, it also saves manpower and reduces mechanical damage to the body during the process of taking pupae.
4、本发明中的羽化装置可以提供良好的羽化场所,使成虫羽化后能够成功展翅,并且能及时供给营养。该装置大小合适,方便取虫,不会在实验操作时,造成成虫的逃逸。同时,也可作为短期成虫的饲养场所,可提供不同日龄的成虫进行繁殖行为学的研究,对生物防治技术的提高提供数据支持。4. The eclosion device in the present invention can provide a good eclosion place, so that adults can successfully spread their wings after eclosion, and can supply nutrition in time. The size of the device is suitable, and it is convenient to take the worms, and will not cause the adult worms to escape during the experimental operation. At the same time, it can also be used as a breeding place for short-term adults, which can provide adults of different ages for research on reproductive behavior, and provide data support for the improvement of biological control technology.
5、本发明中的交配产卵装置提供良好的交配场所,成虫可在此装置中有较高的交配率为56%网笼中仅为15%,并且能完全收集所有卵粒。该装置可拆分成三部分,上盖、杯体、下盖,可自由组装,这样能避免因雌虫产卵在装置中某一部分而消耗整个装置,从而节省成本。在此装置中成虫寿命长,平均寿命高达21天,而生存在网笼中的成虫寿命仅为12天。因此,使用该装置能得到更长产卵期的雌虫,获取更多的卵,达到大量繁殖的目的。5. The mating and oviposition device among the present invention provides a good mating place, and adults can have a higher mating rate of 56% in this device and only 15% in the cage, and can completely collect all ovum grains. The device can be disassembled into three parts, the upper cover, the cup body and the lower cover, which can be freely assembled, so that the entire device can be avoided due to the female laying eggs in a certain part of the device, thereby saving costs. Adults in this device have a long lifespan, with an average lifespan of up to 21 days, while the lifespan of adults living in net cages is only 12 days. Therefore, using the device can obtain females with a longer oviposition period, obtain more eggs, and achieve the purpose of mass reproduction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的幼虫饲养装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the larva rearing device of the present invention.
图2是本发明的化蛹装置的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pupation device of the present invention.
图3是本发明的成虫羽化装置的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the adult eclosion device of the present invention.
图4是本发明的成虫交配产卵装置的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the adult mating and oviposition device of the present invention.
图5是本发明的孵化装置的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the hatching device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步阐述。The technical solution of the present invention will be further elaborated below through examples.
一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法,包括幼虫、蛹、成虫和卵的饲养步骤,具体是,A kind of indoor rearing method of green silk borer, comprising the feeding steps of larvae, pupae, adults and eggs, specifically,
初孵幼虫至预蛹的具体过程是:The specific process from newly hatched larvae to prepupa is:
将糖胶树叶平铺于幼虫饲养装置底部,从孵化装置取出爬满初孵幼虫的糖胶树叶盖在幼虫饲养装置的糖胶树叶上,然后将幼虫饲养装置移至人工气候箱中饲养,Lay the chicle leaves on the bottom of the larva rearing device, take out the chicle leaves covered with newly hatched larvae from the hatching device and cover them on the gum leaves of the larva rearing device, then move the larva rearing device to an artificial climate box to raise,
每天更换一次食料,第二天更换食料时,将隔网安装在幼虫饲养装置的中部,并在隔网上平铺上新鲜食料供取食,第三天将隔网取出并清理幼虫饲养装置底部虫粪,再将隔网上的虫和食料铺入幼虫饲养装置底部,并在隔网上平铺新鲜食料,重复以上步骤直至幼虫体色变红呈预蛹状态。Change the food once a day. When changing the food on the second day, install the partition net in the middle of the larva rearing device, and spread fresh food on the partition net for feeding. On the third day, take out the partition net and clean the bottom of the larva rearing device. Feces, and then spread the worms and food materials on the separation net into the bottom of the larva rearing device, and spread fresh food materials on the separation net, repeat the above steps until the larva body color turns red and is in a pre-pupa state.
化蛹的具体过程是:The specific process of pupation is:
将呈预蛹状态的幼虫从幼虫饲养装置中挑至化蛹装置的纸槽中,并将化蛹装置移至人工气候箱中,待吐丝缀合纸槽做茧直至化蛹,待化蛹装置中的幼虫化蛹后,取出纸槽,拉住两边,向两端轻轻拉扯,使茧撕裂,再用消过毒的镊子将蛹取出。Pick the larvae in the pre-pupation state from the larva rearing device to the paper trough of the pupation device, and move the pupation device to the artificial climate box, and wait for spinning to combine with the paper trough to make cocoons until they pupate, and then pupate. After the larvae in the device pupate, take out the paper trough, pull the two sides, and gently pull towards the two ends to tear the cocoon, and then take out the pupae with sterilized tweezers.
羽化的具体过程是:The specific process of feathering is:
体视镜下辨别雌雄,将雌雄蛹分别放入两个不同的已消毒的羽化装置内,蛹置于保湿滤纸上,并将羽化装置移至人工气候箱中,直至羽化。The male and female pupae were identified under a stereoscope, and the male and female pupae were placed in two different sterile eclosion devices. The pupae were placed on moisturizing filter paper, and the eclosion device was moved to an artificial climate box until eclosion.
交配至产卵具体过程是:The specific process from mating to spawning is:
将同日龄刚刚羽化的雌虫和雄虫移至交配产卵装置中,并放入糖胶树叶,再将交配产卵装置移至人工气候箱中,任其自由交配,当交配产卵装置中出现卵粒时取出雄虫,然后每天将交配产卵装置上有虫卵的部件取出更换,直至产卵结束;Move the females and males that have just emerged at the same age to the mating and oviposition device, and put the sugar gum leaves, and then move the mating and oviposition device to the artificial climate box, and let them mate freely. When the mating and oviposition device appears Take out the male worm when the eggs are in, and then take out and replace the parts of the mating and oviposition device with eggs every day until the end of oviposition;
孵化至初孵幼虫具体过程是:The specific process from hatching to newly hatched larvae is:
将绿翅绢野螟的虫卵放入底部铺有保湿滤纸的孵化装置中,上铺幼嫩糖胶树叶,置于人工气候箱中,至虫卵孵化成初孵幼虫,Put the eggs of the green-winged silk moth into the hatching device with moisturizing filter paper on the bottom, spread the young sugar gum leaves on top, and place them in an artificial climate box until the eggs hatch into newly hatched larvae.
幼虫孵化后,将幼虫按照上述的步骤循环进行继代饲养。After the larvae hatch, the larvae are subcultured according to the above-mentioned steps.
如图1,1为培养皿,2为树叶,3为虫卵,4为保湿滤纸,21为盖子。As shown in Figure 1, 1 is a petri dish, 2 is a leaf, 3 is an egg, 4 is a moisturizing filter paper, and 21 is a cover.
如图2,所述幼虫饲养装置包括盒体一6、盒盖一5和隔网8,盒盖一5盖于盒体一6顶部,隔网8活动的设置在盒体一6中部,所述的隔网8的网眼大小为6~8mm。As shown in Fig. 2, described larva rearing device comprises box body one 6, box cover one 5 and partition net 8, and box cover one 5 is covered on box body one 6 top, and partition net 8 is arranged on box body one 6 middle part movably, so The mesh size of the above-mentioned spacer 8 is 6~8mm.
如图3,所述化蛹装置包括盒体二10、盒盖二9和纸槽11,盒盖二9盖于盒体二10顶部,纸槽11放于盒体二10中,纸槽11为双层。As Fig. 3, described pupation device comprises box body two 10, box cover two 9 and paper slot 11, box cover two 9 covers on box body two 10 tops, paper slot 11 is placed in box body two 10, paper slot 11 For double layer.
如图4,所述羽化装置包装底座一16和杯体14,杯体14倒扣在底座一16上,杯体14顶面设有通孔,通孔由纱网15封口,纱网15网眼大小为10-12目,通孔上方设置沾有糖水的棉球13;底座一16中部向下凹陷,底座一16上铺有保湿滤纸4。As shown in Fig. 4, described eclosion device packs base one 16 and cup body 14, and cup body 14 is buckled on the base one 16 upside down, and cup body 14 top surface is provided with through hole, and through hole is sealed by gauze 15, and gauze 15 meshes The size is 10-12 mesh, and the cotton ball 13 that is stained with sugar water is arranged above the through hole;
如图5,所述交配产卵装置包括底座二19、杯身筒18和杯盖17,杯身筒18设置在底座二19上,杯盖17盖于杯身筒18上,杯盖17顶面设有通孔,通孔由纱网15封口,纱网15网眼大小为10-12目,通孔上方设置沾有糖水的棉球13,底座二19中部向下凹陷,底座二19上铺有保湿滤纸4。图中20为绿翅绢野螟的成虫。As shown in Figure 5, the mating and oviposition device includes a base 2 19, a cup body 18 and a cup cover 17, the cup body 18 is arranged on the base 2 19, the cup cover 17 is covered on the cup body 18, and the cup cover 17 tops Surface is provided with through hole, and through hole is sealed by gauze 15, and gauze 15 mesh size is 10-12 order, and the cotton ball 13 that is stained with sugar water is set above through hole, and the middle part of base two 19 is sunken downwards, and base two 19 is laid With moisturizing filter paper4. 20 among the figure is the adult of the green silk borer.
所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃,光周期为14L:10D,湿度为70%±10%。The temperature in the artificial climate chamber is 25°C±1°C, the photoperiod is 14L:10D, and the humidity is 70%±10%.
实施例2Example 2
一种绿翅绢野螟的室内饲养方法,包括幼虫、蛹、成虫和卵的饲养步骤,具体是绿翅绢野螟初孵幼虫饲养于幼虫饲养装置中,以糖胶树叶为食料,饲养至预蛹,将其放入化蛹装置中直至其化蛹;鉴别雌雄蛹后分开放置于羽化盒中,羽化后配对置于成虫饲养装置中待其交配和产卵;收集成虫饲养装置中的卵粒,放入底部铺有保湿滤纸的干净圆形塑料盒中上铺幼嫩糖胶树叶,置于人工气候箱中,每天注意保湿,至其孵化;幼虫孵化后,将幼虫按照上述的步骤循环进行继代饲养。The invention discloses an indoor rearing method of the green silk borer, which comprises the steps of raising larvae, pupae, adults and eggs, specifically, the newly hatched larvae of the green silk borer are raised in a larva raising device, and sugar gum leaves are used as food, and are raised until Pre-pupae, put them into the pupation device until they pupate; after identifying the male and female pupae, place them separately in the eclosion box, and place them in the adult feeding device in pairs after eclosion to wait for them to mate and lay eggs; collect the eggs in the adult feeding device granules, put them into a clean round plastic box with moisturizing filter paper on the bottom, spread young sugar gum leaves on top, put them in an artificial climate box, pay attention to moisturizing every day, until they hatch; after the larvae hatch, cycle the larvae according to the above steps Carry out subculture.
初孵幼虫至化蛹的具体过程是:将糖胶树作为食料,平铺于装置底部,将孵化装置中爬满幼虫(初孵幼虫会聚集在嫩叶上取食)的叶子盖在食料上,盖好盒盖后将其置于人工气候箱中饲养;所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃、光周期为14L:10D和湿度为70%±10%;每天更换一次食料,第二天更换食料时,将隔网放入,并在隔网上平铺上新鲜叶子供其取食,第三天将隔网取出并清理盒底虫粪,再将隔网上的虫和叶铺入盒底,并在隔网上平铺新鲜叶片,重复以上步骤直至幼虫体色变红呈预蛹状态,将其转移至化蛹装置中。The specific process from newly hatched larvae to pupation is: use sugar gum tree as food material, spread it on the bottom of the device, and cover the food with leaves that are full of larvae (the newly hatched larvae will gather on the young leaves to feed) in the hatching device , after covering the box lid, it is placed in an artificial climate box to raise; the temperature in the artificial climate box is 25°C ± 1°C, the photoperiod is 14L: 10D and the humidity is 70% ± 10%; it is replaced once a day Food material, when changing the food material the next day, put the net into it, and spread fresh leaves on the net for it to eat, take out the net on the third day and clean up the insect droppings at the bottom of the box, and then put the insects on the net and Lay the leaves on the bottom of the box, and lay fresh leaves on the grid. Repeat the above steps until the larvae turn red and appear in a pre-pupation state, and then transfer them to the pupation device.
化蛹的具体过程是:用消过毒的毛笔将呈预蛹状态的幼虫从饲养装置中挑至方形化蛹装置中的双层纸槽中,每个装置内放20头,并将方形塑料盒置于人工气候箱中,待其吐丝缀合纸槽做茧直至其化蛹;所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃、光周期为14L:10D和湿度为70%±10%。The specific process of pupation is: use a sterilized writing brush to pick the larvae in the pre-pupation state from the feeding device into the double-layer paper tank in the square pupation device, put 20 larvae in each device, and put the square plastic The box is placed in an artificial climate box, and the cocoon is made of spinning silk and paper trough until it pupates; the temperature in the artificial climate box is 25°C±1°C, the photoperiod is 14L:10D and the humidity is 70% ±10%.
羽化的具体过程是:待化蛹装置中的幼虫化蛹后,取出纸槽,拉住两边,轻轻向外拉扯,使茧撕裂,再用消过毒的镊子将蛹取出,在体视镜下辨别雌雄;分别将雌雄蛹分别放入已消毒的羽化盒内,盒内铺保湿滤纸,并放入沾有10%蔗糖水的棉球,并将方形塑料盒置于人工气候箱中,直至其羽化;所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃、光周期为14L:10D和湿度为70%±10%。The specific process of eclosion is: after the larvae in the pupation device have pupated, take out the paper trough, pull the two sides, and gently pull outwards to tear the cocoon, then take out the pupae with sterilized tweezers, and put them under the stereoscopic view. Identify male and female pupae under a microscope; put male and female pupae into sterilized eclosion boxes respectively, lay moisturizing filter paper in the box, and put cotton balls dipped in 10% sucrose water, and place the square plastic box in an artificial climate box, Until it emerges; the temperature in the artificial climate box is 25°C±1°C, the photoperiod is 14L:10D and the humidity is 70%±10%.
交配至产卵具体过程是:将刚同日龄羽化的雌雄虫置于成虫交配装置中,内置2-3片糖胶树叶和10%蔗糖水棉球,并将交配杯置于人工气候箱中,任其自由交配,直至杯壁或叶片上出现卵粒,取出雄虫,更换滤纸、叶片和交配杯,每天检查成虫装置中是否有卵粒;如有,继续更换新的滤纸、叶片和交配杯。The specific process from mating to oviposition is as follows: place the male and female worms that have just emerged at the same age in an adult mating device, put 2-3 gum leaves and 10% sucrose water cotton balls inside, and place the mating cup in an artificial climate box. Let them mate freely until eggs appear on the cup wall or leaves, take out the males, replace the filter paper, leaves and mating cups, check whether there are eggs in the adult device every day; if so, continue to replace new filter paper, leaves and mating cups .
孵化至幼虫具体过程是:收集产有卵粒的滤纸、叶片并将交配杯壁上的卵块连杯壁一起剪下,放入底部铺有保湿滤纸的干净圆形塑料盒中,上铺幼嫩糖胶树叶,置于人工气候箱中,至其孵化;所述的人工气候箱中的温度为25℃±1℃、光周期为14L:10D和湿度为70%±10%,孵化后的幼虫继续按照上述步骤循环进行继代饲养。The specific process of hatching to larvae is as follows: collect the filter paper and leaves with eggs, cut off the eggs on the wall of the mating cup together with the cup wall, put them into a clean round plastic box with moisturizing filter paper on the bottom, and put young tenders on the top. Sugar gum leaves are placed in an artificial climate box until it hatches; the temperature in the artificial climate box is 25°C±1°C, the photoperiod is 14L:10D and the humidity is 70%±10%, and the hatched larvae Continue to carry out subculture according to the cycle of above-mentioned steps.
实施例3化蛹场所对绿翅绢野螟化蛹影响Example 3 The effect of the pupation place on the pupation of the green leaf borer
1、试验材料:1. Test material:
玻璃培养皿(15cm)、一次性塑料杯、糖胶树老叶、A4白纸槽、沙土(粘:沙=2:1)、橡皮筋、剪刀及镊子等工具。Glass Petri dishes (15cm), disposable plastic cups, old chicle leaves, A4 white paper slots, sand (sticky: sand = 2:1), rubber bands, scissors, tweezers and other tools.
2、试验方法:2. Test method:
温度:25±1℃,RH:70%±5%,光周期L:D=14:10。虫源:选取发育水平较整齐健康即将化蛹的老熟幼虫(0.2-0.25g)12头/皿,每组5皿。Temperature: 25±1°C, RH: 70%±5%, photoperiod L:D=14:10. Insect source: Select 12 mature larvae (0.2-0.25g) that are relatively well-developed and healthy and about to pupate, 5 dishes per group.
白纸槽将打印纸沿长边对折一次,得到两层矩形纸片,然后沿短边正面反面交替折叠,得到锯齿波浪形的纸槽。该纸槽从侧面来看是一个WWW的形状,每个槽是V型的。以V形槽的两侧槽壁作为支撑点来结茧。因此,我们设置纸槽为两层的,在上层的两个V形槽分别有独立的壁面。当在下层纸槽结茧时每个V形槽中也有独立的壁面。White Paper Slot Fold the printing paper in half once along the long side to get two layers of rectangular paper, then fold the front and back alternately along the short side to get a zigzag wavy paper slot. The paper slot is a WWW shape viewed from the side, and each slot is V-shaped. Cocooning is made by using the groove walls on both sides of the V-shaped groove as support points. Therefore, we set the paper trough as two layers, and the two V-shaped troughs on the upper layer have independent walls respectively. There is also an independent wall in each V-shaped groove when cocooning in the lower floor paper groove.
如果不用双层的纸槽,对于单层纸槽来讲,开口朝上的一个V形槽与相邻的开口朝下的一个V形槽是有一个共同壁面的,如此,这个共同壁面会同时支撑两个茧的力量,强度不够,使得结茧化蛹率低。1.5cm的双层纸槽放入玻璃培养皿中,将绿翅绢野螟老熟幼虫放入其中等待其化蛹。If no double-layer paper chute is used, for a single-layer paper chute, a V-shaped groove with the opening facing upwards and an adjacent V-shaped groove with the opening facing downwards have a common wall, so that the common wall will be at the same time The strength to support the two cocoons is not strong enough, so that the cocoon pupation rate is low. The 1.5cm double-layer paper tank was put into a glass petri dish, and the mature larvae of the green silk borer were put into it and waited for it to pupate.
叶片将糖胶树的老叶铺一层与玻璃培养皿中后把老熟幼虫用消毒的镊子放入其中,再覆盖一层糖胶树老叶,等待其化蛹。For the leaves, spread the old leaves of sugar gum tree in a layer and put them in a glass petri dish, put the mature larvae into it with sterilized tweezers, cover with a layer of old sugar gum leaves, and wait for them to pupate.
土壤将粘土和沙土按一定的比列加水进行混合搅拌,手握成团,落地即散为宜,装入一次性塑料杯中。用消毒的镊子将老熟幼虫放入其中,用纱布蒙盖橡皮筋封口,等待其化蛹。Soil Mix clay and sand with water according to a certain ratio, hold it into a ball, and it is better to disperse when it falls on the ground, and put it into a disposable plastic cup. Put the mature larva into it with sterilized tweezers, cover it with gauze and seal it with a rubber band, and wait for it to pupate.
每日观察记录老熟幼虫的状态,记录化蛹时间,畸形、死亡以及成功化蛹的数量,化蛹后记录蛹重、雌雄性比以及羽化率,试验设置3次重复。Observe and record the state of mature larvae every day, record the pupation time, the number of deformities, deaths and successful pupation, and record the pupae weight, sex ratio and eclosion rate after pupation. The experiment was repeated three times.
3、试验结果3. Test results
通过用对比绿翅绢野螟在土壤、白纸槽、叶片三种不同化蛹场所中化蛹情况,观察得出绿翅绢野螟在白纸槽的死亡率、畸形率、预蛹历期低于其他化蛹场所;绿翅绢野螟化蛹后的蛹重也高于其他化蛹场所;雌雄虫性比接近1:1。结果如表1所示。By comparing the pupation status of the green silk borer in soil, white paper trough and leaves, the mortality rate, deformity rate and prepupation period of the green silk borer in the white paper trough were observed. It was lower than other pupation places; the weight of pupae after pupation of S. chinensis was also higher than that of other pupation places; the sex ratio of male and female was close to 1:1. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1.不同化蛹场所对绿翅绢野螟化蛹影响Table 1. Effects of different pupation places on the pupation of Leaf Borer
注:同列数据表示(平均数±标准误),小写字母不同者表示差异显著(TUKEY法,P<0.05)。Note: The data in the same column are represented (mean ± standard error), and those with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (TUKEY method, P<0.05).
4、结论4 Conclusion
绿翅绢野螟老熟幼虫通过对比三种不同的化用场所的化蛹情况,可以看出,在白纸槽内化蛹不仅可以所用历期短,化蛹率较高,蛹重较重,且蛹的羽化率也是三者中最高的。另外,绿翅绢野螟在叶片中化蛹的成功率也相对较高,因为该场所是自然种群中最常见的化蛹场所,但相比于纸槽化蛹,该方法所用材料较为特殊,树叶需另行采摘,此外,在叶片中化蛹,空间利用率较低,占用面积较大,取蛹时工序相对复杂,会造成人工增加。而纸槽内化蛹的方法,一张16开的纸所制成的纸槽内,可容纳20头老熟幼虫进行化蛹,取蛹时只需拉住纸槽两边,轻轻向外拉扯,使茧撕裂,即可用消过毒的镊子将蛹取出。所以综上所述,使用纸槽化蛹的方法更适合作为绿翅绢野螟室内大量繁殖的方法。By comparing the pupation conditions of the mature larvae of the green silk borer in three different places, it can be seen that pupation in the white paper tank can not only take a short time, but also has a higher pupation rate and a heavier pupae weight. , and the eclosion rate of pupae was also the highest among the three. In addition, the success rate of pupation in the leaves of the leaf borer is relatively high, because this place is the most common place for pupation in natural populations, but compared with paper tank pupation, the materials used in this method are more special. The leaves need to be picked separately. In addition, the pupation in the leaves has a low space utilization rate and takes up a large area. As for the pupation method in the paper tank, a paper tank made of a 16-kilometer paper can hold 20 mature larvae for pupation. When taking the pupae, you only need to pull the two sides of the paper tank and gently pull it outward. , so that the cocoon is torn, and the pupa can be taken out with sterilized forceps. Therefore, in summary, the method of pupation using paper troughs is more suitable as a method for the mass reproduction of Leucopteris spp.
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