CN104472129B - The method of the husky training of hard branch cuttage selection cross feed mulberry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the method for the husky training of a kind of hard branch cuttage selection cross feed mulberry, carrying out in the steps below (1) parental breed selects, (2) parent cultivates and looks after, (3) male and female plant is demarcated, and (4) branch is gathered and cutting is made, the investigation of (5) florescence, (6) branch cutting Wen Pei, artificial hybridization, (7) seed is eluriated, and feed mulberry of the present invention can be used for the livestock and poultry cultivations such as ox, sheep, pig, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose.

Description

The method of the husky training of hard branch cuttage selection cross feed mulberry

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of by the method for hybridization means seed selection New Mulberry Variety, especially a kind of method of the parent with space far away isolation being carried out to the good feed of artificial hybridization seed selection mulberry tree breed.

Background technology

In traditional mode of production, mulberry is the classical feed of silkworm. Modern study shows, mulberry is not only good silkworm feed, is also a kind of good animal and fowl fodder simultaneously. First, mulberry leaf nutrient composition is abundant, feeding value is high, and especially protein content is high, content of cellulose is low. Dry matter content 25% left and right in mulberry leaf, taking dry as basis, crude protein content 20%～30% in mulberry leaf, crude fat 4%～10%, crude fibre 8%～12%; In mulberry leaf, contain 18 seed amino acids, wherein animal must account for the more than 50% of total amount with half essential amino acid, especially the glutamic acid, lysine, the methionine equal size that in glycometabolism and protein metabolism process, play an important role are high, synthetic significant to livestock and poultry body internal protein; In mulberry leaf, contain multivitamin, mineral matter and distinctive function factor, can significantly improve quality and the local flavor of animal products. Secondly, mulberry is perennial plant, and once plantation harvesting for many years utilizes, and saves production cost; The 3rd, among mulberry tree 1 year, fresh leaf supply time is long, can effectively make up the seasonal deficiency that lacks green forage of conventional feed crop. With compared with mulberry, no matter feed is in breed breeding or cultivation technique, all to have difference with mulberry with traditional sericulture. Sericulture adopts winter, summer cut shoot with mulberry more, adopts sheet leaf and feeds silkworm; And animal and fowl fodder adopts high-density planting, root to cut the herbaceous cultivation technology of results with mulberry more, require kind to there is clockwork spring number many, resistance to cradling property is strong, blade profile median size, the feature such as branch is elongated, upright. The such kind of seed selection often needs to select to do parent from different ecological environment, material that hereditary difference is larger. Parent is from different places, and space length relatively far apart; Genetic structure and ecological environment difference usually cause reproductive development speed difference, florescence difference; Meanwhile, the vigor time of pollen is short, can not be at a distance, transport for a long time. Therefore, be badly in need of a kind of technology and solve simultaneously the bloom problem of pollination of strange land parent.

Adopt in the prior art hard lopwood bar to cultivate mulberry tree. Branch after mulberry tree fallen leaves in winter is called hard branch, and in it, storage has enough nutrients can supply hibernaculum germination and growth. Ramulus mori is blocked into the cutting of 30-50cm, cuttage, in filling the alms bowl of river sand and water, is placed in illumination box, imposes appropriate temperature and illumination condition, and the bud in cutting just can utilize the nutrient of branch storage to sprout, grow, bloom. Utilize this cutting to cultivate new mulberry tree.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide one can overcome known technology shortcoming, will grow in space length relatively far apart and the male and female plant method that florescence, different parent mulberry treies carried out sexual hybridization.

The present invention realizes by following concrete technical scheme:

The method of the husky training of hard branch cuttage selection cross feed mulberry, comprises the following steps:

(1) parental breed is selected

Select blade profile median size, branch is elongated, orthostatic good, and the strong kind of many, the resistance to hair-cutting power of clockwork spring number is as hybrid strain;

(2) parent cultivates and looks after

According to the principle of " adopt less support " more to the management of cultivating and looking after of selected hybrid strain. Spring, suitable picking leaves was bred silkworms, and stayed Ye Yangshu summer and autumn, and accumulation photosynthate, enriches branch nutrient storage. On fertile training management, execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer more, note disease and pest protection, reduce disease and pest and occur, make branch stalwartness;

(3) male and female plant is demarcated

Mulberry tree is dioecian plant, respectively selected parental breed is carried out to male and female mark florescence, provides foundation for gather branch after autumn;

(4) branch is gathered and cutting making

The branch that divides kind, point male and female to endanger from selected healthy and vigorous, the anosis worm of mulberry strain collection growth, performs mark. With sharp secateurs, the branch of collection is cut into the cutting of 40cm length, keeps clip smooth, branch is not damaged. Only stay 3, branch top bud, all the other buds are all removed, and make branch store nutrient centralizedly supply and stay mulberry bud;

(5) florescence investigation

River sand is washed in a pan to mud to the greatest extent, tile in basin alms bowl after hyperthermia drying sterilization, thick 15cm, adds clean running water, and the water surface exceeds river sand 2-3cm, and the male and female cutting oblique cutting of different parental breed mulberries is entered in same basin alms bowl, puts in artificial climate incubator and cultivates. Meteorological factor is set to 25 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 75%, illumination 12hr, and bright/12hr secretly replaces, and record is from starting Wen Pei to the male and female elapsed time floriferous;

(6) branch cutting Wen Pei, artificial hybridization

According to the result of step 5 florescence investigation, so that friendship kind male and female flowering is bloomed and to be as the criterion on the same day, adopt reverse method to determine that male and female cutting starts the time of heating up and cultivating, according to definite temperature training initial time, cutting implantable artificial climate box is formally cultivated, the male and female cutting of different cultivars is placed in respectively different incubators, post kind, male and female mark, cutting meteorological factor controlled condition is with step 5, actual temperature in every day observed and recorded incubator, humidity and mulberry bud development progress, add water in good time and keep suitable water level in basin alms bowl, while closing on florescence, every day, secondary was observed the situation of blooming, in case of accidentally there is male flower in female cutting, should before flower pesticide is open, remove in time, if to handing over kind mulberry flower development progress to occur error, can reduce 1-2 DEG C by growing fast person's cultivation temperature, grow slow person's cultivation temperature and improve 1-2 DEG C, make male and female flowering in full bloom the same period, win male flower in full bloom the morning when 8-10 and put into the double ware of clean dried, vibrations slightly, promote pollen to eject. according to the cross combination form of setting, the pollen that dips corresponding kind with writing brush spreads upon on the female chapiter to handing over kind, every writing brush can only be taken same pollen, for improving setting percentage, every kind process second day can hand-pollinated once, pollinate female plant complete and continue to cultivate until mulberry fruit maturation, staminiferous plant can be eliminated immediately,

(7) seed is eluriated

Mulberry fruit maturation is plucked in time afterwards, is eluriated, and it is air-dry that gained seed is put dry ventilation, removes impurity, investigation mass of 1000 kernel, and the encapsulation of ox-hide seed packet, low temperature drying is preserved.

According to detailed description of the invention, the present invention program is further described below.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the diagram of the method for selection cross feed mulberry.

In diagram, 1 is mulberry cutting, and 2 is mulberry bud, and 3 is steel basin, and 4 is running water, and 5 is river sand.

Detailed description of the invention

The present embodiment is taking " mulberry kwangtung " and " coronule mulberry " as hybrid strain, and other cross combination form can be with reference to enforcement

1, hybrid strain is selected

Mulberry kwangtung is to originate in the mulberry kind in Guangdong Province, be distributed widely in the provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan (Lin Shoukang. practical mulberry tree thremmatology. Chengdu: Sichuan science tech publishing house, 1989, p47.). Ben Sang kind branch is elongated, upright, and clockwork spring number is many, and blade is less, and blade face is level and smooth; Hibernaculum oval tip, accessory bud is large and many; Flower property dioecism or homophyletic. Coronule mulberry originates in Sichuan Province Hechuan County, be distributed in each main silkworm district of the whole province (Lin Shoukang. practical mulberry tree thremmatology. Chengdu: Sichuan science tech publishing house, 1989, p288.). This kind branch is elongated neat and well spaced and upright, and internode is close, and clockwork spring number is many; Medium blade size, dark green leaf color, mesophyll is thick, food value of leaf softness, autumn leaves sclerosis is late; Hibernaculum triangle, association accessory bud, spring force is strong, and resistance to cutting cut down; Monoecism or different strain, flower after first leaf.

2, parent cultivates and looks after and sex record

The selected fertile soil in parental breed Distribution Area, ventilation condition is good, and parent is cultivated in plot, the sufficient mulberry field of illumination, according to " few picking leaves is bred silkworms, and stays Ye Yangshu more; Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer is executed phosphorus potash fertilizer more " principle carry out fertile training management, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests, cultivates the annotinous branch that growth is healthy and vigorous, nutrient is substantial. Investigate mulberry sex situation florescence, choose dioecious mulberry strain as far as possible, every kind is selected male and female plant 15-20 strain, performs respectively male and female mark.

3, branch is gathered and cutting making

After winter mulberry tree fallen leaves, cultivate selected mulberry kwangtung, each 10 strains of coronule mulberry branch male and female the plant of mulberry field mark respectively from parent, often select good strains in the field for seed and adopt 2, the branch of healthy and vigorous, the anosis worm harm of growth, point kind, point male and female perform mark. Every branch chooses that middle part branch enriches, the full joint position of hibernaculum, cut the intercept that cuts long 40cm as cutting, every cutting only retains three, top hibernaculum, and all the other hibernaculums are all removed, be total to obtain 40 of the female cuttings of mulberry kwangtung, 40 of male cuttings, 40 of the female cuttings of coronule mulberry, 40 of male cuttings.

4, cutting temperature training flower forcing

Get 4 of stainless steel nappies, put into and wash in a pan the river sand that mud is crossed through hyperthermia drying sterilization processing to the greatest extent, burial depth 15cm, puts into running water, makes the water surface exceed Shamian Island 2-3cm. Mulberry kwangtung, each 40 of coronule mulberry male and female cutting are inserted respectively in 4 basins, be placed in respectively 4 growth cabinets and cultivate, as shown in Figure 1. Condition of culture be 25 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 75%, illumination 12hr bright/12hr secretly replaces, and notes during this time keeping moisture abundance in husky basin. The mulberry bud rate of development of learning mulberry kwangtung through preliminary experiment is than the fast 3-4 days of coronule mulberry, and therefore the cutting of coronule mulberry is first cultivated 3 days, and then starts the cultivation of mulberry kwangtung cutting.

5, emasculation

Coronule mulberry reaches the swallow mouth phase through 15 days, mulberry kwangtung after the cultivation of 12 days simultaneously; now start to pay close attention to the mulberry flower development situation of female cutting; have or not monoecism with fringe by bud by fringe inspection, as the male flower of accidental appearance, before flower pesticide is open, remove in time. Check every day, until pollination finishes, stop selfing purebred.

6, pollen collection and artificial pollination

Through artificial regulatory, to handing over the male and female flowering of kind open the same period. In full bloom spend latter second day and adopt powder pollination. Morning, the 9-10 whole fringe of female flower in full bloom of naming a person for a particular job was taken, and put into clean double ware, and the good kind name of mark, is placed in 27 DEG C of incubation 1.5hr, promoted flower pesticide open, vibrations gently, and pollen ejects. Dip pollen with writing brush and be applied in female chapiter in full bloom, mating form be mulberry kwangtung female × coronule Sang Xiong (G ♀ × X ♂), coronule mulberry is female × mulberry kwangtung hero (X ♀ × G ♂). Within second day and the 3rd day, repeat respectively again pollination once, to improve setting percentage.

7, pluck core fruit retention

In the time that young sprout leaf grows to 10cm, pluck core processing, the consumption of growing to nutrient to reduce young sprout, impels nutrient centralizedly supply mulberry fruit, makes it to physically well develop.

8, fruit picking, naughty kind

After pollination, continue to cultivate mulberry fruit maturation after 50 days by the temperature of setting, humidity and illumination condition. Ripe mulberry fruit is plucked, eluriated, and it is air-dry that gained seed is put dry ventilation, removes impurity, investigation 1.4 grams of left and right of mass of 1000 kernel, and the encapsulation of ox-hide seed packet, low temperature drying is preserved.

9, hybridization feed mulberry kind--No. 1 proterties of careless mulberry

Orthogonal seed (G ♀ × X ♂) and reciprocal cross seed (X ♀ × G ♂) are merged and obtain hybridization feed mulberry seed, name " careless mulberry No. 1 ". Sowing in spring in next year, investigation varietal character. This kind branch is elongated, upright, color of the leather cinerous look, internode 4cm left and right, oval hole skin, hibernaculum triangle; Leaf wealthy heart, median size, blade face is open and flat, leaf color jade green, petiole tubbiness, upper oblique state raw; Clockwork spring number is many, and resistance to cutting cut down, and power of regeneration is strong; The food value of leaf is good, and dry matter weight of leaf content 25.27%, taking dry as basis, crude protein content 24.73%, crude fat 9.13%, soluble sugar 10.57%, crude fibre 12.84%.

Utilize the feed mulberry of above-mentioned technology plantation to can be used for the livestock and poultry cultivations such as ox, sheep, pig, rabbit, chicken, duck, goose. Exploitation animal and fowl fodder is used mulberry, not only increase forage crops newtype, and compared with the conventional feed crops such as rye grass, Gao Dancao, zea mexicana, agricultural crop straw, weeds, feed mulberry has that dry matter content is high, nutritional labeling is comprehensive, protein content is high, content of cellulose is low, feeding efficiency advantages of higher, and contain various trace elements and functional materials, to improving immunity of livestock, improve livestock-poultry flavor, quality has important function. Meanwhile, in feed mulberry 1 year, fresh leaf supply time is long, and to making up conventional feed crop, to lack the deficiency of green forage summer and autumn significant.

Feed mulberry plantation should adopt highdensity herbaceous planting technique, plants the feed use mulberry tree of woody property as kind of the grass, and planting density, up to 10000 plants/acre of left and right, starts harvesting utilization when height of seedling 1.2-1.5m, can cradle 3-5 times every year. When results, neither adopt the utilization of sheet leaf, but liftoff 5-10cm height complete stool cradles. The branches and leaves children who cradles is tender, both can or dry the ruminants such as thousands of careless Direct-fed cattle and sheep with fresh material, also can be processed into ensilage utilization, can also be processed into mulberry leaf powder, utilizes as the adding ingredient of the mixed feeds such as chicken and duck, goose, rabbit, pig.

Claims (1)

1. a method for the husky training of hard branch cuttage selection cross feed mulberry, is characterized in that: carry out in the steps below

(1) parental breed is selected

Select blade profile median size, branch is elongated, orthostatic good, and the strong kind of many, the resistance to hair-cutting power of clockwork spring number is as hybrid strain;

(2) parent cultivates and looks after

According to the principle of " adopt less support " more to the management of cultivating and looking after of selected hybrid strain, spring, suitable picking leaves was bred silkworms, stay Ye Yangshu summer and autumn, accumulation photosynthate, enrich branch nutrient storage, on fertile training management, execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer more, note disease and pest protection, reduce disease and pest and occur, make branch stalwartness;

(3) male and female plant is demarcated

Mulberry tree is dioecian plant, respectively selected parental breed is carried out to male and female mark florescence, provides foundation for gather branch after autumn;

(4) branch is gathered and cutting making

The branch that divides kind, point male and female to endanger from selected healthy and vigorous, the anosis worm of mulberry strain collection growth, perform mark, with sharp secateurs, the branch of collection is cut into the cutting of 40cm length, keep clip smooth, branch is not damaged, only stay 3, branch top bud, all the other buds are all removed, and make branch store nutrient centralizedly supply and stay mulberry bud;

(5) florescence investigation

River sand is washed in a pan to mud to the greatest extent, after hyperthermia drying sterilization, tile in basin alms bowl, thick 15cm, add clean running water, the water surface exceeds river sand 2-3cm, and the male and female cutting oblique cutting of different parental breed mulberries is entered in same basin alms bowl, puts in artificial climate incubator and cultivates, meteorological factor is set to 25 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 75%, illumination 12hr, and bright/12hr secretly replaces, and record is from starting Wen Pei to the male and female elapsed time floriferous;

(6) branch cutting Wen Pei, artificial hybridization

According to the result of step 5 florescence investigation, with Hybrid male and female flowering in full bloom being as the criterion on the same day, adopt reverse method to determine that male and female cutting starts the time of heating up and cultivating, according to definite temperature training initial time, cutting implantable artificial climate box is formally cultivated, the male and female cutting of different cultivars is placed in respectively different incubators, post kind, male and female mark, cutting meteorological factor controlled condition is with step 5, actual temperature in every day observed and recorded incubator, humidity and mulberry bud development progress, add water in good time and keep suitable water level in basin alms bowl, while closing on florescence, every day, secondary was observed the situation of blooming, in case of accidentally there is male flower in female cutting, should before flower pesticide is open, remove in time, if there is error in Hybrid mulberry flower development progress, to grow fast person's cultivation temperature and reduce 1-2 DEG C, grow slow person's cultivation temperature and improve 1-2 DEG C, make male and female flowering in full bloom the same period, win male flower in full bloom the morning when 8-10 and put into the double ware of clean dried, vibrations slightly, promote pollen to eject, according to the cross combination form of setting, the pollen that dips corresponding kind with writing brush spreads upon on the female chapiter of Hybrid, every writing brush can only be taken same pollen, for improving setting percentage, process second day hand-pollinated once for every kind, the female plant of pollinating complete continues to cultivate until mulberry fruit maturation, staminiferous plant is eliminated immediately,

(7) seed is eluriated

Mulberry fruit maturation is plucked in time afterwards, is eluriated, and it is air-dry that gained seed is put dry ventilation, removes impurity, investigation mass of 1000 kernel, and the encapsulation of ox-hide seed packet, low temperature drying is preserved.