CN103478117A - Diffusion breeding and releasing method for preventing myzus persicae through harmonia axyridis - Google Patents
Diffusion breeding and releasing method for preventing myzus persicae through harmonia axyridis Download PDFInfo
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- CN103478117A CN103478117A CN201310366605.8A CN201310366605A CN103478117A CN 103478117 A CN103478117 A CN 103478117A CN 201310366605 A CN201310366605 A CN 201310366605A CN 103478117 A CN103478117 A CN 103478117A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diffusion breeding and releasing method for preventing myzus persicae through harmonia axyridis. The myzus persicae is bred in a diffusion breeding shed, and an insect-proof net (7) covers the diffusion breeding shed; a tobacco seedling is cultivated through a floating method; when the tobacco seedling has five to six true leaves, tobacco leaves with the myzus persicae are put on the tobacco seedling to breed the myzus persicae; male and female harmonia axyridis adults captured in the wild are put into the insect-proof net, eat the myzus persicae and then mate to lay eggs; the eggs are incubated into larvae, or low-age larvae are directly collected, or after the larvae are pupated, pupae are taken back for eclosion at room temperature; the eclosion adults are fed with the myzus persicae and are put into a refrigerator for refrigeration and storage; the low-age larvae or the adults of the harmonia axyridis are put into a low-age larva transporting and releasing device (9) or an adult transporting and releasing device (10); the low-age larvae or the adults of the harmonia axyridis are released to a field according to a ratio of the harmonia axyridis to the myzus persicae of 1:(100-120) in a preliminary forming stage of the myzus persicae in the field. According to the method, the breeding speed rate of the harmonia axyridis can be remarkably improved, and the field pest control efficiency is improved in a mode of preventing the myzus persicae through the harmonia axyridis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biological prevention field, particularly utilize the method for harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid.
Background technology
The leaf tobacco production of China has entered new ，Ge Yan developing period district all in the mode of production according to " ecology, safety, characteristic, high-quality, efficient " at present, makes Ecological Feature sound tobacco raw material site, further to promote quality of tobacco.But the tobacco establishing in large scale has brought acid test to the control of damage by disease and insect.The cigarette aphid is one of important pests of harm tobacco leaf, and its thorn smoking grass juice factor liquid causes yellow leaf crispatura and even be out of shape witheredly, not only affects cigarette strain growth, still propagates the important medium of mosaic disease simultaneously, has a strong impact on the quality and yield of tobacco.The past chemical pesticide controls that use, easily cause the enhancing of cigarette aphid resistance, tobacco leaf residue of pesticide and the deterioration of the ecological environment more.For this reason, people start gradually discussion and utilize biological natural enemy as control cigarette aphids such as harmonia axyridias, effectively to control the population density of field cigarette aphid, reduce agricultural chemicals and use, and improve quality and the safety of tobacco leaf.
Harmonia axyridia is a kind of distributed more widely, comparatively general predatory natural enemy insect, and it has stronger environmental suitability, the multiple aphid of happiness food.Correlation technique about the ladybug propagating and breeding relates to artificial feed and plantation host plant etc. more at present.There is the unbalanced problem of some nutrition in artificial feed, after many generation raisings, are prone to the phenomenons such as fertility reduces, polypide is less.The time-consuming work consuming of plantation host plant is subject to the restriction of site area simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the problem that prior art exists, propose a kind of diffusion breeding method for releasing that significantly improves the harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid of harmonia axyridia proliferative speed, utilize harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, strengthen field pest controlling efficiency.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The diffusion breeding method for releasing of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, step is as follows:
(a) carry out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy covers with fly net; Adopt floating method to cultivate the cigarette seedling, when the cigarette seedling has 5～6 true leaves, will be with the aphid tobacco leaf to be put on the cigarette seedling and make the breeding of cigarette aphid; Then the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition is female, male imago is put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food the cigarette aphid, the mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, perhaps directly collect low instar larvae, perhaps after larvae pupation, pupa is fetched under room temperature and sprouted wings, the adult of emergence is fed and is placed on the refrigerator cold-storage preservation with the cigarette aphid;
(b) harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are put into to low instar larvae transportation releasing device or adult transportation releasing device, at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100～120 than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into to field.
Diffusion breeding canopy of the present invention includes disjunctor frame and the peripheral plastic film with the ridged ceiling, ceiling is coated with sunshade net, be provided with at least two diffusion propagation houses of mutual separation in canopy, each diffusion propagation house comprises the bottom nursery pond and covers on the fly net on nursery pond, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house, is provided with and floats dish.Described fly net adopts the mosquito-curtain type opening.Be provided with the brick bridge in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house.The larva that described low instar larvae was 2～3 ages.In above-mentioned steps (b), the releasing device of low instar larvae is the cube box body, offer through wires hole at the box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope one end system has cotton-wool and tens of the fluffy thin paper slips of rubbing wrinkle also to be suspended from box body through through wires hole, box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening of uniform air-vent, the box body bottom surface is equipped with the scraps of paper, is covered with the feed for larval feeding on the scraps of paper; The releasing device of adult is also the cube box body, and the box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole, and the cotton-wool that anchor line (string) rope one end system has gauze to encase also is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening of uniform air-vent.When cigarette aphid amount reaches about 10～12 head/plants on the cigarette seedling, will be transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness with the aphid tobacco leaf in time, and keep 20～30 ℃ of diffusion breeding temperature of shed, humidity 60%～75%.In above-mentioned steps (a), when on the cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400～500 head/plants, in the wooden dipper aphid of 1:10000～12000 than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: the ratio that male worm is 5:2 is put into the fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is grown to low instar larvae, puts into the fresh insect box with the aphid tobacco leaf standby; Perhaps directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, treat its emergence under humidity 70 ± 5% conditions, after the adult sprouted wings is fed, the cotton balls that the hydromel that to add by concentration be 15% soaks, in 10 ℃ of refrigerator cold-storages, within every 7～10 days, add one time hydromel, within 19～21 days, change a cotton balls.
The present invention at least has the following advantages:
(1) can realize that Larva Harmonia Axyridis and adult discharge simultaneously, make up easily flight diffusion everywhere of adult, the deficiency that the larva drug resistance is slightly poor, the needs that also can discharge according to reality, for different crops, environment, selected reproduction larva or adult.
(2) diffusion breeding canopy is built simple and easyly, and detachable, the insulation of during low temperature, film being obturaged, during high temperature dispel the heat the film pull-up of middle and lower part, side.The fly net of diffusion propagation house is the mosquito-curtain type opening, and convenient turnover and sealing, prevent that insect from flying into or escaping.Set brick bridge convenient operation personnel stand to carry out the collection of the management of cigarette seedling and ladybug larva, pupa.
(3) the present invention adopts the numerous aphid technology of floating seedlings, for the breeding of harmonia axyridia provides good food source and living environment.Floating seedlings is saved space, and adopts the cigarette aphid to originate as Major Foods, connects the numerous aphid of aphid seedling stage and is directly used in the raising harmonia axyridia, simple to operate and be easy to management.On the one hand the cigarette aphid is the Aphid Species that harmonia axyridia is had a liking for food, is also on the other hand harmonia axyridia to be carried out to the food domestication in early stage, strengthens the predation preference to the cigarette aphid after being convenient to be discharged into vega.
(4) the present invention, according to the biological property of harmonia axyridia different developmental phases, is chosen in not eat and collects polypide motionless pupa time, but new adult deepfreeze of sprouting wings the raising survival rate that can supplement the nutrients by first feeding.Select larva and adult during release, catch heavyly because of it, mobility is strong, can resist certain adverse circumstances, gives full play to pest control effect.
(5) larva used in the present invention or adult transportation releasing device is rational in infrastructure, can solve nutrition in transit of ladybug, ventilative, and keeping off the rain in release, the problem such as anti-extrusion, improve the transportation survival rate, simplified method for releasing simultaneously, improves release efficiency.
Under the inventive method simulation harmonia axyridia natural conditions, the environment of mating breeding, run through harmonia axyridia diffusion breeding, dispose procedure, can significantly improve the proliferative speed of harmonia axyridia, strengthens field pest controlling efficiency simultaneously.The present invention can reduce the use of chemical pesticide, preserves the ecological environment, and effectively improves the efficiency of field control cigarette aphid, is a kind of economy, efficient biological control method.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of diffusion breeding canopy;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of diffusion propagation house in diffusion breeding canopy;
The structural representation that Fig. 3 is Larva Harmonia Axyridis transportation releasing device;
The structural representation that Fig. 4 is Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis transportation releasing device.
Embodiment
The diffusion breeding method for releasing of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, method step is as follows:
(a) carry out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion breeding canopy covers with fly net 7; Adopt floating method to cultivate the cigarette seedling, when the cigarette seedling has 5～6 true leaves, will be with the aphid tobacco leaf to be put on the cigarette seedling and make the breeding of cigarette aphid; Then the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition is female, male imago is put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food the cigarette aphid, the mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, perhaps directly collect low instar larvae, perhaps after larvae pupation, pupa is fetched under room temperature and sprouted wings, the adult of emergence is fed and is placed on the refrigerator cold-storage preservation with the cigarette aphid; The described tobacco leaf that refers to the aphid breeding with the aphid tobacco leaf;
(b) select healthy harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult and put into low instar larvae transportation releasing device 9 or adult transportation releasing device 10, at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by ladybug: the wooden dipper aphid that the cigarette aphid is 1:100～120 is than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into to field.The low instar larvae of selecting release requires Individual Size, creep speed normal, after the adult that newly sprouts wings touching creep speed normal, not slow, jolt, rock, without disconnected foot, front and rear wing is without incomplete, lopsided.
Diffusion breeding canopy as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, includes disjunctor frame 1 and peripheral plastic film 3.The disjunctor frame comprises ridged ceiling, two sides and two end faces, wherein canopy wall middle and lower part is with fly net, but outside plastic film pull-up, be coated with sunshade net 4 on ceiling, be provided with at least two diffusion propagation houses 8 of mutual separation in canopy, the arranged side by side two row diffusion propagation houses of the present embodiment for separating, each diffusion propagation house comprises bottom nursery pond 2 and covers on the fly net 7 on nursery pond, fly net adopts the mosquito-curtain type opening, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house, is provided with and floats dish 5.Nursery pond is surrounded by the double-layered thickened plastic film, and surrounding is fixed on frame, and plastic film and joint, fly net bottom are closely buckled on frame with clip.Placing two brick bridges 6 that hollow brick is barricaded as in the middle of each nursery pond, neatly arranges to grow seedlings and floats dish 5 in both sides.
Adopt the inventive method, in above-mentioned steps (a), the blade collection of planting the aphid plant evenly is placed on the diffusion Propagated Plantlets afterwards, when on the cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches about 10～12 head/plants, to be transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness with the aphid tobacco leaf in time, and keep diffusion to breed 20～30 ℃ of temperature of shed, humidity 60%～75%.When on the cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400～500 head/plants, in ladybug: the wooden dipper aphid that the cigarette aphid is 1:10000～12000 than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: the ratio that male worm is 5:2 is put into the fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is grown to low instar larvae, puts into the fresh insect box with the aphid tobacco leaf standby; Perhaps directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, treat its emergence under humidity 70 ± 5% conditions, the adult sprouted wings is raised the cotton balls that the fresh cigarette aphid hydromel that to add by concentration in insect box after 5～7 days be 15% soaks, in 10 ℃ of refrigerator cold-storages, within every 7～10 days, add one time hydromel, within 19～21 days, change a cotton balls.Low instar larvae can be collected with the writing brush picking soaked, and pupa can be adopted down together with blade.
(20～30 ℃ of temperature under the diffuse normal Reproduction Conditions, humidity 60%～75%), harmonia axyridia needs 5～7 days from taking food mating to starting to lay eggs, ovum is hatched approximately 3～4 days, hatching is grown to low instar larvae 4～5 days, to pupating 12～15 days, 4～5 days pupa time, from ovum to the new whole growth and development stage of emergence adult 19～24 days.New emergence adult can refrigerate 45～60 days, and survival rate is more than 90%.
For example by each diffusion propagation house eight dish 162 hole, floating dish calculates, 20～30 ℃ of temperature, under humidity 50%～75% condition, when the cigarette aphid breeds to 400～500 of every strains, discharge 30 left and right Haxyridis female and male adults, can collect 600～800 of 2～3 instar larvaes after general 12～16 days, after 20～26 days, can collect 300～350 of first batch of pupas, eclosion rate reaches more than 90%.Later stage can constantly be supplemented band aphid tobacco leaf, allows the cigarette aphid keep certain breeding, impels ladybug to continue to lay eggs, to obtain next group larva and pupa.
Low instar larvae of the present invention is generally the larva about 2～3 ages.The releasing device of low instar larvae is illustrated in figure 3 the cube box body, offer through wires hole 9-2 at the box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope 9-1 mono-end system has cotton-wool 9-3 and tens of the fluffy thin paper slip 9-4 that rub wrinkle also to be suspended from box body through through wires hole, box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening 9-5 of uniform air-vent 9-6, the box body bottom surface is equipped with scraps of paper 9-7, is covered with the feed 9-8 for larval feeding on the scraps of paper.When during use, larva is transported releasing device, the cotton-wool 9-3 of the good line of bolt and thin paper slip 9-4 are passed to through wires hole 9-2, slightly be screwed onto and do not drip after soaking into cotton-wool with clear water, thin paper slip is rubbed wrinkle makes it fluffy, the ladybug larva is put into to box body, general every box can fill larva can fill 50, by anchor line (string) rope 9-1 take advantage of a situation be wound in the box body surrounding be convenient to the transportation.The releasing device of adult is also the cube box body as shown in Figure 4, the box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole 10-2, the cotton-wool 10-4 that anchor line (string) rope 10-1 mono-end system has gauze to encase also is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening 10-5 of uniform air-vent 10-6.While using adult transportation releasing device, after being stamped to toe-in 10-3, the cotton-wool 10-4 of the good line of bolt passes through wires hole 10-2, slightly be screwed onto and do not drip after soaking into cotton-wool with hydromel, ladybug is put into to box body, general every box can be dressed up worm 80-100 head, anchor line (string) rope 10-1 is taken advantage of a situation and is wound in the box body surrounding, after cotton-wool soaks into hydromel, general 3～4 days air-dry, if transportation or resting period are longer, available syringe injects hydromel to supplement its nutrition from air-vent to cotton-wool, increase the ladybug survival probability.Low instar larvae transportation releasing device and adult transportation releasing device box body can adopt the material of brown paper one class to manufacture, not only environmental protection breathable but also be convenient to store transportation, and with low cost.During release, by anchor line (string) rope bolt, at cigarette strain middle and upper part stem and axil place, will try one's best near plant in fixing position, avoid unsettled, opens disposable push type opening, and ladybug climbs out of voluntarily or fly out and look for food.
Following table is the control efficiency of the different releasing ratios of harmonia axyridia to the cigarette aphid, and it is as shown in the table, and when the wooden dipper aphid, than for 1:100～120 time, preventive effect is respectively 63.0% and 51.7%, meets preventive effect and cost control requirement.
Claims (8)
1. the diffusion breeding method for releasing of a harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(a) carry out the breeding of cigarette aphid in diffusion breeding canopy, diffusion is bred fly net (7) for canopy and is covered; Adopt floating method to cultivate the cigarette seedling, when the cigarette seedling has 5～6 true leaves, will be with the aphid tobacco leaf to be put on the cigarette seedling and make the breeding of cigarette aphid; Then the harmonia axyridia of field acquisition is female, male imago is put into fly net, after making harmonia axyridia take food the cigarette aphid, the mate and oviposit hatching develops into larva, perhaps directly collect low instar larvae, perhaps after larvae pupation, pupa is fetched under room temperature and sprouted wings, the adult of emergence is fed and is placed on the refrigerator cold-storage preservation with the cigarette aphid;
(b) harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are put into to low instar larvae transportation releasing device (9) or adult transportation releasing device (10), at field cigarette aphid initial stage of origination by the wooden dipper aphid of 1:100～120 than harmonia axyridia low instar larvae or adult are discharged into to field.
2. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described diffusion breeding canopy includes disjunctor frame (1) and the peripheral plastic film (3) with the ridged ceiling, ceiling is coated with sunshade net (4), be provided with at least two diffusion propagation houses (8) of mutual separation in canopy, each diffusion propagation house comprises bottom nursery pond (2) and covers on the fly net (7) on nursery pond, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house (8), is provided with and floats dish (5).
3. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described fly net (7) adopts the mosquito-curtain type opening.
4. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the nursery pond of each diffusion propagation house (8), is provided with brick bridge (6).
5. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the larva that described low instar larvae was 2～3 ages.
6. method for releasing is bred in the diffusion of a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned steps (b), the releasing device of low instar larvae is the cube box body, offer through wires hole (9-2) at the box body upper bottom surface, anchor line (string) rope (9-1) end system has cotton-wool (9-3) and tens of the fluffy thin paper slips (9-4) of rubbing wrinkle also to be suspended from box body through through wires hole, box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening (9-5) of uniform air-vent (9-6), the box body bottom surface is equipped with the scraps of paper (9-7), be covered with the feed (9-8) for larval feeding on the scraps of paper, the releasing device of adult is also the cube box body, the box body upper bottom surface offers through wires hole (10-2), the cotton-wool (10-4) that anchor line (string) rope (10-1) end system has gauze to encase also is suspended from box body through through wires hole, and box body one side is provided with the disposable push type opening (10-5) of uniform air-vent (10-6).
7. breed method for releasing according to the diffusion of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphids, it is characterized in that, when on the cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches about 10～12 head/plants, to be transferred on the cigarette seedling of aphid rareness with the aphid tobacco leaf in time, and keep diffusion to breed 20～30 ℃ of temperature of shed, humidity 60%～75%.
8. breed method for releasing according to the diffusion of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described a kind of harmonia axyridia control cigarette aphids, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned steps (a), when on the cigarette seedling, cigarette aphid amount reaches 400～500 head/plants, in the wooden dipper aphid of 1:10000～12000 than by Imagoes of Harmonia Axyridis in female worm: the ratio that male worm is 5:2 is put into the fly net mate and oviposit, hatching is grown to low instar larvae, puts into the fresh insect box with the aphid tobacco leaf standby; Perhaps directly collect pupa, put into the insect box that bottom is covered with moistening filter paper, be placed in 25 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, treat its emergence under humidity 70 ± 5% conditions, after the adult sprouted wings is fed, the cotton balls that the hydromel that to add by concentration be 15% soaks, in 10 ℃ of refrigerator cold-storages, within every 7～10 days, add one time hydromel, within 19～21 days, change a cotton balls.
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