CN103461274B - Cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding management technique, belong to cultural technique field.At Different growth phases, there is different technologies requirement: 1, brood time selects the excellent male parent of Lay mattress goose corss combination system, be select and remain in 1:4 ~ 5 in male and female ratio, house temperature reaches 28 ~ 32 DEG C, to hive off raising, the quantity of every group is 100 ~ 200, the illumination that artificial supplementation is certain, herds after 2 week age, carries out epidemic preventing working.2, the standby phase is to herd, and hives off by physical strength, seed selection; The middle time limit raises, and ensures temperature, ventilation, and after seed selection, male and female goose hives off.Laying period, increase the scale of feeding of fine fodder, every 2 ~ 3 female gooses supply 1 laying nest, diligent sowing egg.3, term is stopped: eliminate kind of goose, again a cohort.Raising method science of the present invention, the Lay mattress goose being applicable to cold district produces, and can provide sufficient and the young source of the commercial goose of high-quality for foster goose produces, laying rate and fertilization rate are all higher, and egg production is many, and feeding cost is low, good in economic efficiency.

Description

Cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to cultural technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method.

Background technology

In recent years, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, nutrition, safety, health care consciousness strengthen gradually, and goose product is with its high nutrition, health, green, health care and enjoy the favor of people.The meat of goose, egg are of high nutritive value and other tool local flavor, are that other poultry prods are unexistent, and geese down is also the by product of high added value simultaneously, and some kind geese can also carry out foie gras production.In a word, current foster goose had become an important component part in China's Animal husbandry production already, was one of important channel of vast farmers increase wealth, was regarded as rising industry.

Heilongjiang Province is located in cold temperate regions, and weather cools, and bio-diversity is strong, and suitable goose plays its productivity especially reproductive performance.In recent years, support the development of goose industry rapidly, the number of animals raised increases year by year.According to statistics, within 2005, the number of animals raised is more than 4,500 ten thousand, has ranked among the row that E great province is supported by China, supports goose industry and serves positive facilitation to the increasing peasant income of Heilongjiang Province and industry restructuring.It is crucial that goose industry breeding is supported in development, and the production of planting goose is the key link of goose industry production scale, industrialization, in whole goose industry, occupy critical positions.The existing main goose kind in Heilongjiang Province is seed goose, there is the female parent that lay heavily, adaptability are applicable to well doing corss combination system, the French Lay mattress goose introduced then has fast growth, efficiency of feed utilization is high, adaptability is applicable to well doing corss combination system male parent, therefore, formulate kind goose (seed goose, the Lay mattress goose) production technology of a set of applicable Heilongjiang Province cold district, to give full play to the productivity of Han Qu kind goose, there is provided sufficient and the young source of the commercial goose of high-quality for foster goose produces, this has important practical significance to the goose industry of Heilongjiang Province.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, better to play the productivity of Han Qu kind goose, provide sufficient and the young source of the commercial goose of high-quality for foster goose produces.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.

A kind of cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, has following technical requirement at Different growth phases:

One, brood time:

Brood time refers to raising stage during 0 ~ 4 week age of goose, plant the young excellent male parent selecting Lay mattress goose corss combination system, stay the young goose hatched May to mid-June and do kind of a use, male young bird should early than female young about one month, that selects the regular kind goose field of immune programme for children or hatchery to produce meets the requirement of Lay mattress goose kind, go out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, the strong young bird that absorption of yolk at its is good stays does kind of a use, preferably 2 ~ 3 years female goose lay eggs hatching young goose, adopt Sex judging technology, select and remain by a certain percentage, male and female ratio is 1:4 ~ 5, reasonable quantity stays some more, select to eliminate in order to the later stage, take to spray to house of brooding or stifling wait disinfectant measure, getting heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, equipment and the apparatus such as sterilization, prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant, precincubation in 3 days is in advance young gives up, and makes house temperature reach 28 ~ 32 DEG C, young goose should drink water for 18 ~ 24 hours after going out shell for the first time, during drinking-water, should by only guiding, looking after and guiding, operator can often hold one, the beak of young goose is immersed underwater 1 ~ 2 time, makes it there is certain perception to water, can drink voluntarily after relieving, should drink warm water in first week that broods, first three sky can add the medicine such as fluoroquinolones or antibiotics in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose, can food be opened when within 0.5 ~ 1 hour, starting there is the behavior of pecking at after young goose drinking-water, open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or on the body of young goose, lure young goose to peck at, carry out raising of hiving off, the quantity of every group is 100 ~ 200, adopt online squab raising, take to use the plastic wire of fine mesh specification (diameter 1 centimetre) to be aided with the measure of laying and padding grass or other bedding and padding, good ventilation to be had in house, strengthen heat supply while ventilation to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding, answer the illumination that artificial supplementation is certain, adopt incandescent lamp light source as a supplement, house use 40 watts of bulbs of brooding of every 40 square metres, bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of of house, 1 ~ 3 age in days light application time is 20 ~ 24 hours, is to add night lamp in 18 ~ 14 hours later, often should feed round the clock 6 ~ 7 times in first week that broods, later along with the growth of age in days, feeding frequency can be reduced gradually, can often feed round the clock 3 ~ 4 times to during 4 week age, after 2 week age, the browse place that fair weather can be selected young goose to be rushed to goose eating herds, the time starting to herd is short, road wants near, along with the increase of age in days, grazing time and distance can be extended gradually, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, herd and will combine with discharging water, discharging water combines with bathing, whole brood time should based on concentrated feed, green forage is auxiliary, the growth with age in days can increase the ratio of green forage gradually, and adopts Diet Formula, do the assanation inside and outside giving up well, ight soil will be removed in time, bedding and padding want duty to change, avoid with mouldy pad grass, drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, be with weekly goose sterilization once, sick, weak young bird will carry out raising, isolation and treatment work, house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium often will carry out pasteurised completely, make foster goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable, the immunity inoculation of the diseases such as gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis after going out shell, should be carried out as one sees fit to young goose.

Wherein, in this step, different raise age in week under, the requirement of flat breeding method and density, temperature, humidity is as follows: one week age, online flat when supporting, 20/square metre, ground flat foster time 18/square metre, temperature is 30 ~ 32 DEG C, and humidity is 60 ~ 70%; Two week age, online flat when supporting, 15/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 13/square metre, temperature is 28 ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity is 60 ~ 70%; Three week age, online flat when supporting, 10/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 8/square metre, temperature is 24 ~ 28 DEG C, and humidity is 65%; Surrounding age, online flat when supporting, 6/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 4/square metre; Temperature is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and humidity is 65%;

Wherein, in this step, Diet Formula is: (1), corn 63.0%, dregs of beans 25.3%, fish meal 1.0%, methionine 0.06%, stone flour 7.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.7%, salt 0.26%, premix 1.0%; Or: (2), corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%;

Two, the standby phase

Can be divided into early stage (5 ~ 10 week age), mid-term (11 weeks ~ lay eggs before 4 weeks), later stage (before laying eggs 4 weeks) three phases the whole standby phase, the feature for each stage takes different feeding and management measures respectively:

1, the feeding and management in early stage:

To herd, take the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, supplement appropriate mineral additive, the grit of diameter 0.3 ~ 0.4 centimetre of feeding, grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, for goose free choice feeding; Whole day is herded, pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose eating and distance goose house more nearby, determine that the best herds route, pasture range should have the waters that can supply bathing, drink, check goose number when receipts are herded, given for change in time, when field is herded if any loss, can simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, before raining, goose is come back booth, avoid drenching with rain, especially will note the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain; At hot weather, can discharge water in good time or have a rest under tree shade and enjoy the cool, drink water simultaneously and also want sufficient, in case heatstroke; In addition, when edge, farmland is herded, also anti-pesticide poisoning to be noted; By physical strength, batch to hive off, generally with 200 geese for a group, carry out certain instruction and make it gregarious; Sports ground area is house 2 ~ 3 times of inner area, and accomplishes that motion is driven in timing, allows the amount of exercise that gaggle keeps certain; When end of brooding proceeds to the standby phase, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose then requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, the individuality that has disability, have variegated feather; Carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, pad grass wants duty to change, and will prevent the generation of pesticide poisoning accident when herding.

2, the feeding and management in mid-term

Control feeding quality, reduce the trophic level of daily ration, utilize the feature of goose crude feed tolerance, green grass or young crops of feeding to greatest extent, roughage, reduce the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the object reducing feeding cost; Limit is raised must be appropriate, can not be excessive; Before entering cold winter, goose can be fed slightly fertile, to improve its physique; At 80 ~ 140 ages in days, can live and pull out eider down 1 ~ 2 time; In house, temperature is not to freeze for principle, and about 5 DEG C comparatively suitable; Under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, good ventilation be carried out; Relative moisture is 60 ~ 70%; When 70 ~ 80 age in days, main according to growing the features such as situation, feather growth situation and appearance traits, in colony, growth is fast, feather meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness; When 150 ~ 180 age in days, select that there is this varietal characteristic, good, the body weight of growing meets that kind requires, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health continue to employ; Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, greatly medium, and have male phase, eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, and fit strong, neck is slightly long, chest breadth and dark, carries on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is longer and effectively sturdy, and two shin spacing are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires that build is large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss becomes clear, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, buttocks broadness, and leg is solid and apart from wide; After seed selection, male and female goose hives off; Before entering winter, goose also can bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long: allow winter goose carry out suitable house and move outward: after entering sky in the nine periods, should select on the sunny side, leeward place, carries out giving up outer motion after the sun rises again; Control the uniformity of gaggle: employing is hived off, regulate smart roughage ratio, control the uniformity that gaggle is controlled in the picked-up of nutrition effectively.

3, laying period

The product time of opening that female goose is suitable for should be March, and 4 ~ May enters egg-laying peak; Open antenatal, the scale of feeding of fine fodder should be increased gradually, use kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks; The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should early than female goose; Ensure clean sufficient warm water; Arrange laying nest, every 2 ~ 3 female gooses supply 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest; Need the controlled light time, controlled light synchronously carries out with change daily ration, adjusts the light application time of every day with the times of 4 ~ 6 weeks gradually, makes kind of goose reach 10 ~ 11 hours every days closing on light application time when laying eggs, and is maintained to end of laying eggs; Selection physique is healthy and strong, well-developed goose stays and does kind of a use; Gander must by only checking, all reproductive developments are bad, lopsided, penis prolapsus exposes, the eliminating in the lump of impotence, semen quality difference; Open kind of a goose and gander was put into female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal about 15 days, make it mutually be familiar with, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready; Every goose feeds fine fodder amount 200 ~ 300 grams every day, morning, noon, evening can be divided to feed for 3 times, free choice feeding; Add some green forages; Goose of laying eggs answers food at supplementary feeding night, can at night 9 time about add; Day and night all will ensure that the drinking-water of goose is sufficient, allows goose drink warm water; Find that gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases, will change in time: the gander lower to sexual desire, can feed a little medea, as Epimedium aborning; Goose breeding time in the morning and at dusk, when weather conditions are good, allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, increase breeding chance, improve breeding effect; According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose in time; In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre; Ground is flat supports, in house bedding and padding such as laid straw on ground, and to regularly replace and airing; Ventilation, keeps air fresh, and house humidity remains on 65%; House temperature control is more than 5 DEG C; Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, and regularly cleaning, the weekly sterilization of band goose are once; Strengthen primiparity female goose to lay eggs the instruction of habit, prevent the appearance of floor egg phenomenon; Select on the sunny side at sports ground, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lays eggs when moving to facilitate kind of goose; Increase and pick up egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, especially in early spring season, goose egg more will be prevented because of cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold; Avoid between laying period or reduce various stress generation, as feed sudden change, have a power failure suddenly, drive, climatic variation, scaring, raising excessive, the random seizure of density etc.; Forbid between laying period to turn house, a tone group, working procedure standardization, to rationalize, keeper is as far as possible fixing, and in house, during clear excrement, goose can not in house; Set in sports ground kind or set up shading shed, and spray cooling; Plant goose and should prohibit the use the medicines such as sulfa drugs (sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine etc.), nitrofurans (furazolidone is furazolidone again), anticoccidial class medicine (Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin etc.), aureomycin and tetracycline in laying period; Select near and smooth place to carry out motion and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity; Place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoint goose free choice feeding; In laying period, if there is disconnected sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, and the irreversible situations such as female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded; Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures; Health and epidemic prevention: the immunity inoculation of in 1 month, kind of goose being carried out to expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis before laying eggs.

Four, term is stopped

Disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low are eliminated, body condition is good, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition difference and the gander suffering from the diseases such as impotence are eliminated; Supplement in proportion new after to make preparations for sowing goose, again cohort, lay eggs for next year and prepare; Male and female goose after cluster to be hived off raising; To herd, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and with coarse fodder type daily ration; Not generally can pull out 2 ~ 3 feathers term; Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun tan by the sun etc. stress.

In this step, coarse fodder type Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: raising method science of the present invention, the Lay mattress goose being applicable to cold district produces, and the productivity of Han Qu kind goose can be given full play to, can provide sufficient and the young source of the commercial goose of high-quality for foster goose produces, laying rate and fertilization rate are all higher, egg production is many, and feeding cost is low, good in economic efficiency.

Embodiment

The embodiment of this invention is set forth further below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment

Cold district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding management technique, has following technical requirement at Different growth phases:

One, brood time:

Brood time refers to raising stage during 0 ~ 4 week age of goose.

(1) kind of a young bird is selected:

A, kind: adopt world improved seeds Lay mattress goose as the excellent male parent of commercial goose corss combination system.

B, time: select the young goose hatched in May to mid-June to stay and do kind of a use, make it not only to reach when next year lays eggs can sexual maturity also can close to or reach body maturation, be conducive to the performance of productivity like this.Moreover hatching kind egg used during this is that kind of a goose produced at egg-laying peak, and heredodiathesis is high, and young goose quality is good, is easy to survive.As too early in drawn the young time, green forage lacks, and concentrated feed of feeding too much, makes feeding cost increase, and if raise improper in the standby time limit, trophic level is too high, also likely grows too fast causing and opens product too early.As excessively late in drawn the young time, young goose is of poor quality, and heredodiathesis is low, certainly will produce harmful effect, and at a time when brood rainy season, bring certain difficulty to the work of brooding to producing later.In addition, male young early than female young about one month, to be conducive to reaching full growth and the breeding of laying period of its reproductive organs.

C, excellently stay bad eliminating: the strong young bird that Lay mattress goose kind required, went out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, absorption of yolk at its is good meeting of selecting the regular kind goose field of immune programme for children or hatchery to produce stays does kind of a use, preferably the female goose institute of 3 years lays eggs the young goose hatched.Weak young bird and inferior young bird are forbidden staying and do kind of a use.

D, quantity and male and female ratio: should determine that namely kind of a scale for goose field selects and remain kind of a quantity for young goose according to concrete conditions such as fund, equipment, personnel and markets, can not impractically blindly produce.Meanwhile, according to the feature of each kind, by Sex judging technology, select and remain by a certain percentage, male and female ratio is 1:4.Reasonable quantity stays some more, selects to eliminate in order to the later stage.

(2) preparation before young bird is entered

Disinfectant measures such as spraying or fumigate is taked to house of brooding.Get heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, equipment and the apparatus such as sterilization.Prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant.The young bird of precincubation in 3 days in advance house, makes house temperature reach 30 DEG C.

(3) feeding and management

A, drink water and open food: young goose should drink water for 24 hours after going out shell for the first time.During drinking-water, should by only guiding, looking after and guiding.Operator can often hold one, the beak of young goose is immersed underwater 1 ~ 2 time, makes it there is certain perception to water, can drink voluntarily after relieving.Tide port can stimulate the appetite of young goose, promotes the discharge of meconium.Warm water should be drunk in first week that broods.For effectively preventing the diseases such as young goose diarrhoea, reduce various stress harm, first three sky can add the medicine such as fluoroquinolones or antibiotics in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose.Young goose first time material feeding, calls off food.Open food in time, be conducive to the survival rate improving young goose.Generally latter 1 hour of young goose drinking-water, start there is the behavior of pecking in can open food.Open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or on the body of young goose, lure young goose to peck at.

B, to hive off: in the process of brooding, should support according to point group feeding such as the growth and development state of young goose and physique difference, so that management, ensure the regularity of colony and grow normally.Hive off raise time, the quantity of every group is 150.In order to avoid crowded, ensure to brood effect, groupuscule also can be adopted to nurse method for breeding.

C, squab raising: can adopt and brood on the net or the mode such as floor brooding, should adopt the mode of brooding in intensive manufacture on the net, its advantage mainly avoids young goose and ight soil directly to contact, and decreases the generation of disease.But early stage brooding is produced again, the ancon that often there will be young goose drains to the phenomenon in mesh, easily makes it step on wound and disables, and therefore can take to use the plastic wire of fine mesh specification (diameter 1 centimetre) to be aided with and lay the measure of pad grass or other bedding and padding.

D, environmental requirement: young goose body is little tender and lovely, susceptibility is strong, adaptive capacity and resistance more weak, therefore, need to provide adapt circumstance condition in the young goose stage, reduce or remit various stress generation.

1. temperature and humidity: now, young goose whole body only covers thin needle-like fine hair, and body heat regulation function is poor, so the stage of brooding must ensure the temperature and humidity be suitable for, to ensure that young goose grows normally.Judge that whether the temperature of brooding is suitable by the behavior expression of young goose and health condition.When proper temperature, young goose is uniformly distributed in certain scope, breathes gentle, quiet noiseless, appetite, the feed intake of young goose are normal, quiet sleep soon after having enough, the ight soil of young goose, grow all normal, although still have crowded phenomenon of having a rest, non-Ji Dui together; When temperature is too high, young goose stow away from heat also scatters to surrounding, mouth breathing, and two wings are opened a business, and fine hair pine is fluffy, again and again drinks water, and calls high and short (high-temperature duration is long easily makes young goose poor growth, immunity degradation, forms " stiff goose "); When the temperature is low, young geese crackle that sound is thin, frequently sharp, and body is rolled up, and extrudes mutually, time serious, Ji Dui occurs, causes weighing wounded, even death.As humidity is excessive, then pathogenic microorganism is easily survived in feeding environment, brings out coccidiosis, aspergillosis, colibacillosis etc.; As humidity is too low, house inner drying, moisture loss in young goose body, toe is shrivelled, and appetite declines, and young goose easily suffers from the diseases such as respiratory tract.In actual production, most cases is that humidity is too high, seldom occurs the situation that humidity is too low.So, take many-sided measure to answer, prevent the too high of humidity.Temperature and humidity is in table 1.

Table 1 temperature and humidity

Age in week	Temperature (DEG C)	Humidity (%)
			1	32～30	70～60
2	30～28	70～60
			3	28～24	65
4	24～22	65

2. density: young goose grows rapidly, along with the growth of age in days, the bodily form increases, active area also needs to increase, so aborning, should grasp flexibly according to concrete conditions such as the structure of kind, age in days, season, house, ventilation condition and squab raisings, ensure that the normal growth of young goose is grown.Stocking density should suitably can not be excessive, otherwise gaggle is crowded, and impact is searched for food, drunk water, and causes environmental condition to worsen, and easily pecks addiction etc., grows and be obstructed.Density is too small, although be conducive to growing of young goose, the availability in room is low, and production cost increases.Stocking density is in table 2.

Table 2 density

3. ventilate: because young goose metabolism produces a large amount of excretas and the bath of goose drink, easily cause giving up interior air dirty and moist, therefore under the condition ensureing preference temperature in house, good ventilation be had, fresh to ensure giving up interior air.Generally should opening door and window or ventilating fan ventilation at the noon that temperature is higher, but will harmful wind be prevented, the wind entering indoor namely can not being allowed directly to blow to it young goose, in order to avoid young goose causes flu because suffering from cold; Heat supply is strengthened to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding while ventilation.

4. illumination: illumination is comparatively large on the impact of young goose, and suitable illumination can promote that young goose searches for food and drinks water, and promotes some endocrine formation, ensures to grow normally, prevent disease.Natural lighting can not meet the needs of young goose, answers the illumination that artificial supplementation is certain.Intensity of illumination should be suitable, can not be excessive.Excessive, easily bring out and peck addiction; Too small, do not have again due effect.General available incandescent lamp light source as a supplement, house use 40 watts of bulbs of brooding of every 40 square metres, bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of of house.1 ~ 3 age in days light application time is 22 hours, is to add night lamp in 16 hours later.If weather is better, the house outer activity time can be increased during 1 week age gradually, make young goose many contacts sunlight, build up health.

E, feeding frequency: should often feed round the clock 6 ~ 7 times in first week that broods, later along with age in days growth, search for food and the enhancing of digestion power, feeding frequency can be reduced gradually, can often feed round the clock 3 ~ 4 times to during 4 week age.Initial stage of brooding unsuitable water material not dead slot, should at regular time and quantity, and it is easily make young goose apocleisis that its reason mainly contains three: one, affects feed intake; Two is because in house of brooding, temperature is higher, easily makes feed moldy metamorphism; Three is young goose happiness water, just starts to dabble after drink is full, makes goose body feathers hair become wet, house humidity can be made again to raise, can bring out the disease such as feather picking, flu.Ensure to add water, material in good time, in appropriate amount, eat how many, add how many, accomplish enough and do not waste.As young goose feather can keep dry, clean, then just can reach one day the interpolation of growing quite favourable, traditional water of young goose, material or even circadian way to affect the young goose that young goose especially broods early stage be sizable.

F, to herd: herd in good time, be conducive to strengthening the ability that young goose adapts to external environment, temper its look for food ability and physique.After 2 week age, the browse place that fair weather can be selected young goose to be rushed to goose eating herds, and allows its free choice feeding green grass.The time starting to herd is short, and road wants near, along with the increase of age in days, can extend grazing time and distance gradually, and to temper the physique of young goose and ability of looking for food, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, and then reduce the scale of feeding of fine fodder, reduces feeding cost.Herd and will combine with discharging water, this just requires that pasture range will have water source or adjacent with water source, discharges water to combine with bathing, is conducive to its metabolism, builds up health and the growth of feather, improve resistance against diseases simultaneously.

G: nutrition: the digestive system of young goose is tender and lovely, and volume is little, and abilities of digestive and absorption is poor, food is short by the gastral time, and fast growth.So, this stage should feed good palatability, be easy to digest and assimilate, the feed of comprehensive nutrition.Should " feed duty less to add ", along with the growth of age in days, increase scale of feeding gradually.Whole brood time should based on concentrated feed, green forage is auxiliary, the growth with age in days can increase the ratio of green forage gradually.But have any should be noted: the initial stage feed green forage time, amount can not be excessive, otherwise can suffer from diarrhoea because of indigestion.In production, in conjunction with raised variety type, growth and development characteristics etc., Diet Formula should be formulated.

H, health and epidemic prevention: do the assanation inside and outside giving up well, ight soil will be removed in time, and bedding and padding want duty to change, avoid with mouldy pad grass, drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, are with weekly goose sterilization once.Sick, weak young bird will carry out raising, isolation and treatment work, and house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium often will carry out pasteurised completely, makes foster goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable.Disease prevention and cure in line with the principle of " to put prevention first, anti-overweighting is controlled ", will carry out disease prevention and cure work.The immunity inoculation of the diseases such as gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis should be carried out as one sees fit to young goose after going out shell.

Two, the standby phase

Usually can be divided into early stage (5 ~ 10 week age), mid-term (11 weeks ~ lay eggs before 4 weeks), later stage (before laying eggs 4 weeks) three phases the whole standby phase, the feature for each stage takes different feeding and management measures respectively.

1, the feeding and management in early stage

A, nutrition: the Alimentary growth of this stage goose is close ripe, crude feed tolerance.It is main for can herding, and takes the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, to ensure its needs grown.If the drylot feeding without grazing condition, then cradle green forage and throw something and feed, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, evening supplementary feeding.This phase needs it is specifically intended that to search for food deficiency because herding goose mineral matter, so must supplement appropriate mineral additive, to meet the needs of goose normal growth growth.In addition, after entering this phase, for promote and ensure the digestion of feed of searching for food, absorption, the grit of diameter 0.3 ~ 0.4 centimetre of should feeding to goose, grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, for goose free choice feeding.

B, to herd: along with the increase of age in days and the enhancing of ability of searching for food, can whole day herd.Pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose eating and distance goose house more nearby, should not be excessively far away, determine that the best herds route, avoid the phenomenon of appearance " eating fertilizer walks thin ".Meanwhile, the waters (water surface can not be excessive, otherwise be not easy to management) of require pasture range to have can to supply bathing, drinking.Check goose number when receipts are herded, given for change in time if any loss.When field is herded, can simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, with play windproof, take shelter from rain and anti-beast evil effect.Before raining, goose is come back booth, avoids drenching with rain, especially will note the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain.At hot weather, can discharge water in good time or have a rest under tree shade and enjoy the cool, drink water simultaneously and also want sufficient, in case heatstroke.In addition, when edge, farmland is herded, also anti-pesticide poisoning to be noted.

C, to hive off: by physical strength, batch to hive off, with prevent from taking advantage of greatly little, take advantage of weak and individual the growing and colony's regularity of impact by force, generally with 200 geese for a group, unsuitable excessive.The standby goose deriving from different groups is again after cohort, may owing to being unfamiliar with each other, usually unsocial, even has " dealing unfairly with strangers " phenomenon to occur.Therefore, this phase, except carrying out daily feeding and management work, also will be carried out certain instruction and make it gregarious.

D, ensure certain amount of exercise: under housing environment condition or entering winter, reduce if movable, amount of exercise is not enough, then be unfavorable for that goose tempers into good physique, so the sports ground of enough areas will be planned when building house, sports ground area be the 2-3 of house inner area doubly, and accomplish that motion is driven in timing, allow the amount of exercise that gaggle keeps certain.

E, seed selection: when end of brooding proceeds to the standby phase, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose then requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, the individuality that has disability, have variegated feather.

F, health and epidemic prevention: carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, pad grass wants duty to change.The generation of pesticide poisoning accident will be prevented when herding.

2, the feeding and management in mid-term

A, limit are raised: should carry out controlled feeding (being called for short limit to raise) in mid-term.Limit is raised, and controls feeding quality exactly, reduces the trophic level of daily ration, utilize the feature of goose crude feed tolerance, green grass or young crops of feeding to greatest extent, roughage, reduce the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the object reducing feeding cost.Its object has be the growth rate that control standby goose body weight at four: one, prevents body weight excessive, makes it to have the body condition being applicable to breeding; Two is control the sexually matured time, makes it not lay eggs too early, allows the sexual maturity of whole colony be tending towards in good timeization and synchronization, be convenient to the feeding and management of laying period; Three is its crude feed tolerance ability of training; Four is save feed, reduces costs, ensures economic benefit.

Wei Shu high and cold area, Heilongjiang Province, goose physical consumption is in the winter time large, and therefore raise must appropriateness for limit, can not be excessive.Before entering cold winter, goose can be fed slightly fertile, to improve its physique.Should be noted that, this time phase is long, make preparations for sowing after being critical period of goose Development of Reproductive System, if feeding and management is improper, especially during nutritional deficiency, the growth of genital system will be affected, cause sexually matured postponement, and affect the performance of productivity later, so, the fair supply of nutrition must be noted during this.

B, live and pull out eider down: at 100 ages in days, live and pull out eider down 1 time, both can improve effects, the object limit and raise can be played again to a certain extent.

C, environmental requirement: need to provide condition in suitable house to goose, in house, temperature is not to freeze for principle, and about 5 DEG C comparatively suitable.Temperature is too low, not only makes the too much physical efficiency of goose body consumption keep out the cold, wastes a large amount of feeds, also can reduce the resistance of goose to disease simultaneously; Temperature is too high, makes goose be not suitable with the change of house internal and external temperature, easily catches a cold, also can make goose generation depilation phenomenon, usually said exactly " getting mildewed in warm conditions ".Under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, good ventilation be carried out, to reduce the content of the pernicious gases such as the interior ammonia of house.Humidity is also unsuitable excessive, and General Requirements relative moisture is about 65%.

D, seed selection: when 80 age in days, main according to growing the features such as situation, feather growth situation and appearance traits, in colony, growth is fast, feather meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness.When 150 age in days, select that there is this varietal characteristic, good, the body weight of growing meets that kind requires, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health continue to employ.Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, greatly medium, and have male phase, eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, and fit strong, neck is slightly long, chest breadth and dark, carries on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is longer and effectively sturdy, and two shin spacing are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires that build is large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss becomes clear, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, buttocks broadness, and leg is solid and apart from wide.

E, male and female goose hive off: on business female goose physique exists difference, if mixed group feeding is supported easily cause male and female body condition most diverse, also easily cause female goose to open product in advance simultaneously, have both been unfavorable for kind of a performance for goose productivity, have also been unfavorable for the arrangement of whole production.Also often can there is the phenomenon of mating in addition, the penis of gander be bitten or frostbite, and loses Seed practical value, cause unnecessary loss.

F, bathing and house move outward: before entering winter, and goose also can bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long.As long, because water temperature is too low etc., reason can make physical consumption excessive, and causes the growth of livestock and sharply decline.Allow goose carry out suitable house in the winter time move outward, play the object digesting and assimilating, temper physique and reduce labour's input promoting food.After entering sky in the nine periods, because of weather become cold especially, kind of a goose frostbite be prevented, should select during this period of time on the sunny side, leeward place, carry out again giving up outer motion after the sun rises.

The uniformity of G, control gaggle: effectively controlled the uniformity of gaggle by the picked-up of smart roughage ratio of hiving off, regulate, control nutrition, to make whole gaggle open postpartum, can peak of laying eggs have been reached in a short time, to obtain best egg production rate.

3, laying period

A, open product: the measure taking regulation feedstuff nutrient concentration and feeding quality, will ensure that female goose starts to lay eggs at reasonable time in good time.What is called is opened product in good time and is comprised two aspects: one is goose will reach certain monthly age (referring to primiparity goose) when opening product, can not lay eggs too early, otherwise can cause gander breeding capacity and semen quality poor; Female goose premature labor, egg matter is poor, and egg-laying peak is short, vitality of laying eggs difference, and planting egg, to cause incubation rate because the holding time is long low; Spend evening and then cause laying period short, egg production is very few; It two is open product in certain month, and by the restriction of Heilongjiang Province's weather, female goose suitable product time of opening should be March, and 4-5 month enters egg-laying peak, is conducive to the hatching of kind of egg like this and broods.

B, reinforced to promote production: opening antenatal, the scale of feeding of fine fodder should increased gradually, use kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks.Notice that supplementary feeding can not increase too fast, otherwise cause comparatively early laying eggs and affecting later laying eggs.Female goose just before giving birth has a well filled-out figure, and feather is compact, and gloss is distinct, and especially the feather in gooseneck portion is more bright, and tail feathers is parallel with the back of the body, postabdomen is sagging, and opening a business between pubis reaches more than 3 fingers, and anus is smooth in chrysanthemum shape, is slow in action, appetite increases, eating mineral feed, performance of seeking a spouse, and thinks nest love nest.The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should early than female goose, so that gander has abundant muscle power and vigorous sexual desire when female goose opens product.Ensure clean sufficient drinking-water, note not making goose to drink ice cold water.Meanwhile, arrange laying nest, every 2 female gooses supply 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest.

C, illumination: during illumination, affect the key factor of laying eggs.Northern China goose all belongs to the kind of long-time illumination, and suitably increasing illumination can stimulate female goose to open product, impels gander to reach sexual maturity.Lay mattress goose then needs the controlled light time (the measure shading arranging curtain can be taked to carry out controlled light), controlled light synchronously carries out with change daily ration, the light application time of every day is adjusted gradually with the times of 6 weeks, make kind of goose reach 10 hours every days closing on light application time when laying eggs, and be maintained to end of laying eggs.

D, apolegamy, cohort: for improving egg production and the fertilization rate of kind of goose, so reply kind of a goose reasonably selects.Selection physique is healthy and strong, well-developed goose stays and does kind of a use.The goose that physique is thin and weak and body weight is excessive should be chosen in time.It is emphasized that gander must by only checking, all reproductive developments are bad, lopsided, penis prolapsus exposes, the eliminating in the lump of impotence, semen quality difference.Open kind of a goose and gander was put into female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal about 15 days, make it mutually be familiar with, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready.

E, nutrition: every goose feeds fine fodder amount 300 grams every day, and can divide morning, noon, feed for 3 times evening, free choice feeding, accomplishes meticulous inspection, meticulously feeds, and ensures that goose has enough, eats.If have ready conditions, also some green forages can be added.Goose of laying eggs answers food at supplementary feeding night, can at night 9 time about add, so both can extend egg-laying peak, the riot produced because of hungry and the generation of stinging the phenomenons such as bucket can also be avoided.Day and night all will ensure that the drinking-water of goose is sufficient.The female goose of laying eggs should be avoided to drink ice cold water, because it is on impact of having laid eggs, preferably allow goose drink warm water.

In this period, available Diet Formula 1: corn 63.0%, dregs of beans 25.3%, fish meal 1.0%, methionine 0.06%, stone flour 7.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.7%, salt 0.26%, premix 1.0%;

Or: Diet Formula 2: corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%.

F, breeding, breeding work are very important links in kind of goose production management, if find that gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases, change, in time to ensure breeding ratio aborning.When kind gander is few, gander physical demands transition can be caused, impact breeding effect; But gander also can not be too much, otherwise both add feeding cost, easily sting the situations such as bucket again.The gander lower to sexual desire, can feed a little medea (Epimedium), can significantly improve breeding effect.Goose breeding time is general in the morning with more at dusk, so when weather conditions are good, should allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, avoid various interference, to increase breeding chance, improve breeding effect.

According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose in time, to ensure higher fertility rate of hatching egg and incubation rate.In addition, mentioning in most literature advocating allows goose breed in water, the egg-laying peak honest 4 ~ May of goose is planted by Heilongjiang Province of Er Han district, now the water surface has just started to melt, water temperature is lower, goose be subject to after entering water low temperature etc. stress and impact breeding and laying eggs, so Heilongjiang Province plant goose lay eggs before, mid-term should not breed in water.Facts have proved, " drought supports method " also can obtain good breeding, fertilization effect.Laying eggs the later stage, with good conditionsi water source is provided or water surface activities field is set allow goose bathing in water, breeding, but the activity time in water will be prevented long, and it is excessive to cause physical consumption, physically-draining.

G, environment: the inside and outside stocking density of house is wanted suitably, to consider according to material elementses such as goose group size.In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre.Stocking density can not be excessive, with the needs ensureing kind of a goose drinking-water, search for food and breed.Ground is flat supports, in house bedding and padding such as laid straw on ground, and periodic replacement and airing, in order to avoid kind goose is suffered from cold and spreads disease.Note ventilation, keep air fresh, house humidity is unsuitable too high, remains on about 65% as far as possible.Initial stage of laying eggs, on the occasion of early spring, therefore carries out warming work, and house temperature control is more than 5 DEG C.Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, and regularly cleaning, the weekly sterilization of band goose are once.

H, instruction lay eggs, diligent sowing egg: before female goose is laid eggs, generally do not like activity, pipe uneasiness, be unwilling to from house, and this is the tendency of laying eggs.Just open that the goose of product is normal disorderly lays eggs everywhere, caused dirty, broken egg to increase, therefore will strengthen primiparity female goose and to lay eggs the instruction of habit, prevent the appearance of floor egg phenomenon.Can select on the sunny side at sports ground, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lays eggs when moving to facilitate kind of goose.Increase and pick up egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, especially in early spring season, goose egg more will be prevented because of cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold.

I, subtract keep away stress: in laying period, the reaction of planting goose environment is to external world responsive, afraid of one's shadow, and impact is laid eggs and bred.So, should avoid or reduce between laying period various stress generation.As feed sudden change, have a power failure suddenly, drive, climatic variation, scaring, raising excessive, the random seizure of density etc.Therefore, forbid between laying period to turn house, a tone group, working procedure standardization, to rationalize, keeper is as far as possible fixing, and in house, during clear excrement, goose can not in house.In 4 ~ May, often there will be the situation such as sleet, cooling, and the bad weather such as the sand occurred in recent years, floating dust and sandstorm, all to note protection, very important.Start for 5 the end of month when weather becomes sweltering heat, because goose whole body is full-fledged, subcutaneous fat is thicker, again without sweat gland, so heat radiation difficulty, in sports ground kind tree or must set up shading shed for this reason, and spray cooling.Plant goose and should prohibit the use the medicines such as sulfa drugs (sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine etc.), nitrofurans (furazolidone is furazolidone again), anticoccidial class medicine (Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin etc.), aureomycin and tetracycline in laying period, because these medicines have the side effect suppressing to lay eggs, breed, and the quality of impact hatching and young goose.

J, house is outer moves and herds: suitable house moves outward (freely-movable and manually drive motion combine) and herd, and kind of goose can be made to obtain enough sunlight, amount of exercise and fully search for food, and can promote to digest, build up health.But female goose of laying eggs is slow in action, near and smooth place is selected to carry out motion and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity.

K, to replenish the calcium: the kind goose of laying period needs calcium amount comparatively large, especially easily occurs calcium deficiency phenomenon at egg-laying peak, gives birth to soft-preserved egg or lopsided egg, therefore can place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoint goose free choice feeding.

L, hive off and eliminate: in laying period, if there is disconnected sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, and the irreversible situations such as female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded.So both can avoid unnecessary input, and cut the waste, additional income and raising laying rate, can also alleviate feeding and management burden.Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures.

M, health and epidemic prevention: except carrying out conventional hygienic cleaning work, also will carry out the immunity inoculation of expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis before laying eggs to kind of goose in 1 month.The time of planting goose experience laying period is longer, and physical consumption is large in addition, and the resistance against diseases of body is poor.Therefore can occur as cholera fowl, goose colibacillosis, goose lice, female goose prolapse of fallopian tube, gander penis are deviate from and the various diseases such as Toe abscess, so should carry out various prevention and treatment of diseases work.

4, stop term: in Heilongjiang Province, to 6 the end of month, female goose egg production starts obvious minimizing, and egg type diminishes, and deformity increases, feather dries up; Gander sexual desire declines, and breeding capacity is deteriorated, and fertility rate of hatching egg reduces, and this shows to be about to enter not term.When usual gaggle laying rate drops to 5%, just indicate the beginning in not term.Stopping term should to herd, and daily ration changes the standby phase into and slightly raises daily ration, its objective is the fat consumed in goose body, promotes moult; Temper the crude feed tolerance ability of gaggle, maintain and raise, reduce feeding cost.

A, tone group: the production capacity that kind of goose keeps certain be made, enter not term time, disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low should be eliminated, body condition is good, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition difference and the gander suffering from the diseases such as impotence are eliminated.Supplement in proportion new after to make preparations for sowing goose, again cohort, lay eggs for next year and prepare.In general, the utilization periods of Lay mattress kind goose is 3 ~ 5 years, in addition can according to the concrete condition such as body condition, Seed practical value proper extension utilization periods.In order to make male and female goose can upper once lay eggs time reach best body condition, ensures higher productivity, and is convenient to manage, so raising of the male and female goose after cluster will being hived off.

B, slightly to raise: plant goose stop term should to herd, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and by the concentrate type daily ration of laying period, changes coarse fodder type daily ration into, be commonly called as and slightly raise.The object of slightly raising impels stopping production female goose to consume body fat, and molt; Also can temper the crude feed tolerance ability of gaggle on the other hand, reduce feeding cost.This stage Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.

C, manually pull out plumage: goose to stop term longer, normally only consume the stage that feed does not have economic benefit to return.For this reason, artificial living can be carried out and pull out eider down.Not generally 2 ~ 3 times can be pulled out term, to increase income, also can play certain facilitation to raising kind of a goose quality simultaneously.Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun to tan by the sun etc. stress, avoid causing hair follicle inflammation because of bacteriological infection.In addition, open the feeding and management in antenatal 4 weeks should with noted earlier and open product before feeding and management in 4 weeks identical, think that normally laying eggs of next round is prepared.

The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a Zhong Han district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, is characterized in that: have following technical requirement at following vegetative stage:

(1) brood time: brood time refers to raising stage during 0 ~ 4 week age of goose, plant the young excellent male parent selecting Lay mattress goose corss combination system, stay the young goose hatched May to mid-June and do kind of a use, male young bird should early than female young one month, select the female goose of 2 ~ 3 years lay eggs hatching young goose, Lay mattress goose kind that what the kind goose field that immune programme for children is regular or hatchery produced meet requires, go out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, absorption of yolk at its is good strong young bird stays and does kind of a use, adopt Sex judging technology, select and remain by a certain percentage, male and female ratio is 1: 4 ~ 5; Take to spray or fumigation measure to house of brooding, get heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus and apparatus, prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant, precincubation in 3 days is in advance young gives up, and makes house temperature reach 28 ~ 32 DEG C; Young goose should drink water for 18 ~ 24 hours after going out shell for the first time, by only guiding, looking after and guiding during drinking-water, operator often holds one, the beak of young goose is immersed underwater 1 ~ 2 time, make it there is certain perception to water, can drink voluntarily after relieving, in first week that broods, should warm water be drunk, first three sky adds FQNS in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose; Can food be opened when within 0.5 ~ 1 hour, starting there is the behavior of pecking at after young goose drinking-water, open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or on the body of young goose, lure young goose to peck at; Carry out raising of hiving off, the quantity of every group is 100 ~ 200; Adopt online squab raising, take to use the plastic wire of the fine mesh specification of diameter 1 centimetre to be aided with the measure of laying pad grass; Good ventilation to be had in house, strengthen heat supply while ventilation to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding; The illumination that artificial supplementation is certain, adopt incandescent lamp light source as a supplement, house use 40 watts of bulbs of brooding of every 40 square metres, bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of of house, 1 ~ 3 age in days light application time is 20 ~ 24 hours, is to add night lamp in 18 ~ 14 hours later; Often should feed round the clock 6 ~ 7 times in first week that broods, later along with the growth of age in days, reduce feeding frequency gradually, often feed round the clock 3 ~ 4 times to during 4 week age; After 2 week age, the browse place selecting fair weather young goose to be rushed to goose eating herds, and the time starting to herd is short, road wants near, along with the increase of age in days, extends grazing time and distance gradually, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, herd and will combine with discharging water, discharging water combines with bathing; Whole brood time should based on concentrated feed, green forage is auxiliary, the growth with age in days increases the ratio of green forage gradually, and adopts Diet Formula; Do the assanation inside and outside giving up well, ight soil will be removed in time, bedding and padding want duty to change, avoid with mouldy pad grass, drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, be with weekly goose sterilization once, sick, weak young bird will carry out raising, isolation and treatment work, house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium often will carry out pasteurised completely, make foster goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable, the immunity inoculation of gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis after going out shell, should be carried out as one sees fit to young goose;

(2) the standby phase: the whole standby phase can be divided into early stage, mid-term, later stage three phases, the feature for each stage takes different feeding and management measures respectively:

A, the feeding and management in early stage: to herd, take the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, supplement appropriate mineral additive, the grit of diameter 0.3 ~ 0.4 centimetre of feeding, grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, for goose free choice feeding; Whole day is herded, pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose eating and distance goose house more nearby, determine that the best herds route, pasture range should have the waters supplying bathing, drink, check goose number when receipts are herded, have loss to give for change in time, when field is herded, simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, before raining, goose is come back booth, avoid drenching with rain, the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain be noted; At hot weather, discharge water in good time or have a rest under tree shade and enjoy the cool, drink water simultaneously and also want sufficient, in case heatstroke; In addition, when edge, farmland is herded, also anti-pesticide poisoning to be noted; By physical strength, batch to hive off, with 200 geese for a group, carry out certain instruction and make it gregarious; Sports ground area is house 2 ~ 3 times of inner area, and accomplishes that motion is driven in timing, allows the amount of exercise that gaggle keeps certain; When end of brooding proceeds to the standby phase, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose then requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, the individuality that has disability, have variegated feather; Carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, pad grass wants duty to change, and will prevent the generation of pesticide poisoning accident when herding;

The feeding and management in b, mid-term: control feeding quality, reduce the trophic level of daily ration, utilize the feature of goose crude feed tolerance, green grass or young crops of feeding to greatest extent, roughage, reduce the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the object reducing feeding cost; Limit is raised must be appropriate, can not be excessive; Before entering cold winter, goose is fed slightly fertile, to improve its physique; At 80 ~ 140 ages in days, live and pull out eider down 1 ~ 2 time; In house, temperature is not to freeze for principle, and 5 DEG C is suitable; Under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, good ventilation be carried out; Relative moisture is 60 ~ 70%; When 70 ~ 80 age in days, main according to growing situation, feather growth situation and appearance traits feature, in colony, growth is fast, feather meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness; When 150 ~ 180 age in days, select that there is this varietal characteristic, good, the body weight of growing meets that kind requires, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health continue to employ; Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, greatly medium, and have male phase, eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, and fit strong, neck is slightly long, chest breadth and dark, carries on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is longer and effectively sturdy, and two shin spacing are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires that build is large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss becomes clear, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, buttocks broadness, and leg is solid and apart from wide; After seed selection, male and female goose hives off; Before entering winter, goose is bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long: allow winter goose carry out suitable house and move outward: after entering sky in the nine periods, should select on the sunny side, leeward place, carries out giving up outer motion after the sun rises again; Control the uniformity of gaggle: employing is hived off, regulate smart roughage ratio, control the uniformity that gaggle is controlled in the picked-up of nutrition effectively;

(3), laying period: the product time of opening that female goose is suitable for should be March, and 4 ~ May enters egg-laying peak; Open antenatal, the scale of feeding of fine fodder should be increased gradually, use kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks; The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should early than female goose; Ensure clean sufficient warm water; Arrange laying nest, every 2 ~ 3 female gooses supply 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest; Need the controlled light time, controlled light synchronously carries out with change daily ration, adjusts the light application time of every day with the times of 4 ~ 6 weeks gradually, makes kind of goose reach 10 ~ 11 hours every days closing on light application time when laying eggs, and is maintained to end of laying eggs; Selection physique is healthy and strong, well-developed goose stays and does kind of a use; Gander must by only checking, all reproductive developments are bad, lopsided, penis prolapsus exposes, the eliminating in the lump of impotence, semen quality difference; Open kind of a goose and gander was put into female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal 15 days, make it mutually be familiar with, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready; Every goose feeds fine fodder amount 200 ~ 300 grams every day, and point morning, noon, evening feed for 3 times, free choice feeding; Add some green forages; Goose of laying eggs answers food at supplementary feeding night, at night 9 time add; Day and night all will ensure that the drinking-water of goose is sufficient, allows goose drink warm water; Find that gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases aborning, to change in time: the gander lower to sexual desire, feed medea, goose breeding time in the morning and at dusk, when weather conditions are good, allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, increase breeding chance, improve breeding effect; According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose in time; In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre; Ground is flat supports, in house laid straw bedding and padding on ground, and to regularly replace and airing; Ventilation, keeps air fresh, and house humidity remains on 65%; House temperature control is more than 5 DEG C; Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, and regularly cleaning, the weekly sterilization of band goose are once; Strengthen primiparity female goose to lay eggs the instruction of habit, prevent the appearance of floor egg phenomenon; Select on the sunny side at sports ground, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lays eggs when moving to facilitate kind of goose; Increase and pick up egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, in early spring season, goose egg be prevented because of cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold; Avoid or reduce the sudden change of feed between laying period, have a power failure suddenly, drive, climatic variation, scaring, raising stress the occurring of excessive, the random seizure of density, forbid between laying period to turn house, tone group, working procedure standardization, rationalization, keeper is as far as possible fixing, and in house, during clear excrement, goose can not in house; Set in sports ground kind or set up shading shed, and spray cooling; Plant goose and should prohibit the use sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine, furazolidone, Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin, aureomycin and tetracycline medicine in laying period; Select near and smooth place to carry out motion and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity; Place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoint goose free choice feeding; In laying period, occur disconnected sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, the irreversible situation of female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded; Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures; Health and epidemic prevention: the immunity inoculation of in 1 month, kind of goose being carried out to expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis before laying eggs;

(4), stop term: disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low are eliminated, body condition is good, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition difference and the gander suffering from impotence are eliminated; Supplement in proportion new after to make preparations for sowing goose, again cohort, lay eggs for next year and prepare; Male and female goose after cluster to be hived off raising; To herd, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and with coarse fodder type daily ration; Not pulling out 2 ~ 3 feathers term; Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun tan by the sun stress.

2. cold district according to claim 1 Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, it is characterized in that: in described brood time, under different age in raising week, the requirement of flat breeding method and density, temperature, humidity is as follows: one week age, online flat when supporting, 20/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 18/square metre, temperature is 30 ~ 32 DEG C, and humidity is 60 ~ 70%; Two week age, online flat when supporting, 15/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 13/square metre, temperature is 28 ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity is 60 ~ 70%; Three week age, online flat when supporting, 10/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 8/square metre, temperature is 24 ~ 28 DEG C, and humidity is 65%; Surrounding age, online flat when supporting, 6/square metre, ground is flat when supporting 4/square metre; Temperature is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and humidity is 65%.

3. cold district according to claim 1 Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, is characterized in that: in described brood time step, Diet Formula is: corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%.

4. cold district according to claim 1 Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management method, it is characterized in that: in described brood time, coarse fodder type Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.