CN103461274A - Breed Rhin goose feeding and managing technology for cold regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a breed Rhin goose feeding and managing technology for cold regions and belongs to the field of breeding technologies. According to the technology, different growth stages have different technical requirements. The technology comprises the steps: (1) at a brooding stage: selecting excellent male parents from a hybrid matching system of Rhin geese, selecting and reserving male geese and female geese according to the male/female ratio of 1: (4-5), carrying out grouped feeding (the number of each group is 100-200) when the shed temperature reaches 28-32 DEG C, artificially supplementing certain illumination, grazing after 2 weeks of age, and doing prevention work; (2) at a backup stage, mainly grazing, grouping according to physical strength, and selecting parents; at a middle stage, limiting feed, guaranteeing temperature, ventilating and breathing, and grouping male and female geese after parent selecting; at a laying stage, increasing the feeding amount of fine feed, supplying a laying nest to every 2-3 female geese, and frequently receiving breeding eggs; (3) at a non-laying stage: eliminating the breeding geese, and regrouping. The technology provided by the invention is scientific and is applicable to the production of the Rhin geese in the cold regions, adequate and high-quality commercial nestling goose sources can be provided for goose breeding production, both the laying rate and the fertility rate are higher, the number of laid eggs is large, the feeding cost is low, and the economic benefit is good.

Description

Cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultural technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology.

Background technology

In recent years, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, nutrition, safety, health care consciousness strengthened gradually, and the goose product is with its high nutrition, health, green, health care and enjoy people's favor.The meat of goose, egg are of high nutritive value and other tool local flavor, are that other poultry prods are unexistent, and geese down is also the by product of high added value simultaneously, and the kind goose had can also carry out foie gras production.In a word, current foster goose had become an important component part in China's livestock breeding production already, was one of important channel of vast farmers increase wealth, was regarded as rising industry.

Heilongjiang Province is located in the cool temperate zone area, and weather cools, and bio-diversity is strong, and suitable goose is brought into play especially reproductive performance of its productivity.In recent years, support the development of goose industry rapidly, the number of animals raised increases year by year.According to statistics, within 2005, the number of animals raised surpasses 4,500 ten thousand, has ranked among the row that E great province is supported by China, supports the goose industry increasing peasant income and the industry restructuring of Heilongjiang Province have been played to positive facilitation.It is crucial that goose industry breeding is supported in development, and the production of planting goose is the key link of goose industry production scale, industrialization, in whole goose industry, occupies critical positions.The existing main goose kind in Heilongjiang Province is the seed goose, there is lay heavily, adaptability and be applicable to well doing the female parent of corss combination system, the French Lay mattress goose of introducing has that fast growth, efficiency of feed utilization are high, adaptability is applicable to well doing the male parent of corss combination system, therefore, formulate kind goose (seed goose, the Lay mattress goose) production technology of a set of applicable Heilongjiang Province cold district, to give full play to the productivity of Han Qu kind goose, the goose industry of producing the ，Zhe Dui Heilongjiang Province, the young source of commodity goose that the abundance high-quality is provided for supporting goose has important practical significance.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology, better to bring into play the productivity of Han Qu kind goose, for supporting goose, produce the young source of the commodity goose that the abundance high-quality is provided.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.

A kind of cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology has following specification requirement at different vegetative stages:

One, brood time:

Brood time refers to the raising stage of goose during 0～4 week age, plant the young good male parent of selecting Lay mattress goose corss combination system, the young goose hatched in May to mid-June stays does kind of a use, male young bird should be early than female young about one month, that selects the regular kind goose field of immune programme for children or hatchery to produce meets the requirement of Lay mattress goose kind, go out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, the strong young bird that absorption of yolk at its is good stays does kind of a use, the young goose that preferably female goose of 2～3 years is laid eggs and hatches, adopt the male and female authentication technique, select and remain by a certain percentage, the male and female ratio is 1:4～5, reasonable quantity stays some more, in order to the later stage, select to eliminate, the house of brooding is taked to spray or the stifling disinfectant measure that waits, get heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, equipment and the apparatus such as sterilization, prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant, precincubation in 3 days in advance is young gives up, and makes to give up temperature and reaches 28～32 ℃, young goose should drink water in 18～24 hours after going out shell for the first time, during drinking-water, should be by only guiding, instruction, the operator can often hold one, and the beak of young goose is immersed to underwater 1～2 time, and making it has certain perception to water, after relieving, can drink voluntarily, should drink warm water in brood first week, first three day can be added the medicines such as fluoroquinolones or antibiotics in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose, can open food when after young goose drinking-water, within 0.5～1 hour, starting that the behavior of pecking at is arranged, open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or the body of young goose on, lure young goose to peck at, the raising of being hived off, the quantity of every group is 100～200, adopt online squab raising, take to use the plastic wire of fine mesh specification (1 centimetre of diameter) to be aided with the measure of laying pad grass or other bedding and padding, in house, good ventilation to be arranged, strengthen heat supply in the time of ventilation to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding, answer the illumination that artificial supplementation is certain, adopt incandescent lamp light source as a supplement, the house of brooding of every 40 square metres is used 40 watts of bulbs, and bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of house, 1～3 age in days light application time is 20～24 hours, is within 18～14 hours, to add the night lamp later, first week interior should often feeding round the clock 6～7 times of brooding along with the growth of age in days, can be reduced the number of times of feeding later gradually, during to 4 week age, can often feed round the clock 3～4 times, after 2 week age, the browse place that can select fine weather that young goose is rushed to goose happiness food herds, the time that starts to herd is short, it is near that road is wanted, along with the increase of age in days, can extend gradually grazing time and distance, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, herd and will combine with discharging water, discharge water and combine with bathing, whole brood time should be take concentrated feed as master, green forage as auxiliary, can increase gradually the ratio of green forage with the growth of age in days, and adopts Diet Formula, do the inside and outside assanation of house well, ight soil will be removed in time, bedding and padding want duty to change, avoid with mouldy pad grass, drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, be with weekly the goose sterilization once, sick, weak young bird will be carried out raising, isolation and treatment work, house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium will often be carried out pasteurised completely, make to support the goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable, should carry out as one sees fit the immunity inoculation of the diseases such as gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis to young goose after going out shell.

Wherein, in this step, the different raising under ages in week, the requirement of flat breeding method and density, temperature, humidity is as follows: one week age, during online flat supporting, 20/square metre, flat when foster 18/square metre of ground, temperature is 30～32 ℃, humidity is 60～70%; Two week age, during online flat supporting, 15/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 13/square metre, temperature is 28～30 ℃, humidity is 60～70%; Three week age, during online flat supporting, 10/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 8/square metre, temperature is 24～28 ℃, humidity is 65%; Surrounding age, during online flat supporting, 6/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 4/square metre; Temperature is 22～24 ℃, and humidity is 65%;

Wherein, in this step, Diet Formula is: (1), corn 63.0%, dregs of beans 25.3%, fish meal 1.0%, methionine 0.06%, stone flour 7.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.7%, salt 0.26%, premix 1.0%; Perhaps: (2), corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%;

Two, the standby phase

Can be divided into to (5～10 week age), mid-term (11 weeks～lay eggs first 4 weeks) in early stage, later stage (laying eggs first 4 weeks) three phases the whole standby phase, for the characteristics in each stage, take respectively different feeding and management measures:

1, the feeding and management in early stage:

Take and herd as main, take the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, supplement appropriate mineral additive, the grit of 0.3～0.4 centimetre of the diameter of feeding, the grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, for the goose free choice feeding; Whole day is herded, and pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose happiness food and apart from the goose house more nearby, determines that the best herds route, pasture range should have the waters that can supply bathing, drink, checked the goose number when receipts are herded, given for change in time if any losing, when herd in field, can be simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, before raining, goose is come back to booth, avoid drenching with rain, especially will note the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain; At hot weather, can discharge water in good time or have a rest and enjoy the cool under tree shade, drinking-water also wants sufficient simultaneously, in case heatstroke; In addition, while herding at the edge, farmland, also to note anti-pesticide poisoning; By physical strength, batch hive off, 200 geese of generally take are a group, carry out certain instruction and make it gregarious; The sports ground area is 2～3 times of the house inner area, and accomplishes regularly to drive motion, allows gaggle keep certain amount of exercise; Finish to proceed to standby during the phase brooding, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, disability is arranged, the individuality of variegated feather is arranged; Carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, the pad grass wants duty to change, and will prevent the generation of pesticide poisoning accident while herding.

2, the feeding and management in mid-term

Control feeding quality, reduce the trophic level of daily ration, utilize the characteristics of goose crude feed tolerance, feed to greatest extent green grass or young crops, roughage are reduced the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the purpose that reduces feeding cost; Limit is raised must be appropriate, can not be excessive; Before entering cold winter, goose can be fed slightly fertilely, to improve its physique; At 80～140 ages in days, can live and pull out eider down 1～2 time; In house, temperature be take and do not frozen as principle, and 5 ℃ of left and right are comparatively suitable; Under the prerequisite that guarantees temperature, carry out good ventilation; Relative moisture is 60～70%; When 70～80 age in days, main according to growing the features such as situation, feather growth situation and build appearance, in colony,, feather fast growth meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness; When 150～180 age in days, select to there is this kind feature, good, the body weight of growing meets kind requirement, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health is continued to employ; Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and the each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, medium large, and male phase is arranged, and eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, fits effectively, and neck is slightly long, chest breadth and deeply, carry on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is long and sturdy strong, and two shin spacings are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires build large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss is bright, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, the buttocks broadness, leg is solid and apart from wide; After seed selection, the male and female goose hives off; Before entering winter, goose also can bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long: allow winter goose carry out suitable house and move outward: after entering sky in the nine periods, should select to face south, leeward place, after sun rise, be given up outer motion again; Control the uniformity of gaggle: adopt the picked-up of hiving off, regulating smart roughage ratio, control nutrition effectively to control the uniformity of gaggle.

3, laying period

The product time of opening that female goose is suitable should be March, enters egg-laying peak 4～May; Open antenatally, should increase gradually the scale of feeding of fine fodder, use kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks; The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should be early than female goose; Ensure clean sufficient warm water; Laying nest is set, and every 2～3 female gooses are supplied with 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest; Need the controlled light time, controlled light with change daily ration and synchronize and carry out, adjust gradually the light application time of every day with the times of 4～6 weeks, make kind of goose reach 10～11 hours every days in the light application time of closing on while laying eggs, and be maintained to the end of laying eggs; Select physique stalwartness, well-developed goose to stay and do kind of a use; Gander must be by only checking, what all reproductive developments were bad, lopsided, the penis prolapsus exposes, impotence, semen quality are poor is superseded in the lump; Open and gander was put into to the female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal about 15 days kind of a goose, it is familiar with mutually, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready; Every goose feeds fine fodder amount 200～300 grams every day, can divide morning, noon, evening to feed for 3 times, free choice feeding; Add some green forages; The goose of laying eggs answers supplementary feeding food at night, can about 9 o'clock, add at night; Day and night all will guarantee the drinking-water abundance of goose, allows goose drink warm water; Find that aborning gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases, change in time: the lower gander to sexual desire, can feed a little medeas, as Epimedium; The goose breeding time in the morning and at dusk, in the situation that weather conditions are good, allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, increase the breeding chance, improve the breeding effect; According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust in time ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose; In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre; Ground is flat supports, be in house the bedding and padding such as laid straw on ground, and periodic replacement and airing; Ventilation, keep air fresh, and in house, humidity remains on 65%; The house temperature control is more than 5 ℃; Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, regularly cleans, is with weekly the goose sterilization once; Strengthen the lay eggs instruction of habit of primiparity female goose, prevent the appearance of floor egg phenomenon; At sports ground, select on the sunny side, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lay eggs when the motion to facilitate kind of goose; Increase and pick up the egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, especially in early spring season, more will prevent that the goose egg is because of the cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold; Between laying period, avoid or reduce various stress generation, as the sudden change of feed, have a power failure suddenly, drive, seizure that the density of climatic variation, scaring, raising is excessive, random etc.; Forbid to turn house, tone group between laying period, working procedure is standardized, is rationalized, and the keeper is as far as possible fixing, and during the interior clear excrement of house, goose can not be in house; Set or set up shading shed and spray cooling in the sports ground kind; Plant goose and should ban use of the medicines such as sulfa drugs (sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine etc.), nitrofurans (furazolidone is again furazolidone), anticoccidial class medicine (Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin etc.), aureomycin and tetracycline in laying period; Select near and smooth place to move and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity; Place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoint the goose free choice feeding; In laying period, if there is disconnected sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, the irreversible situations such as female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded; Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures; Health and epidemic prevention: the immunity inoculation of in 1 month, kind of goose being carried out expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis before laying eggs.

Four, stop term

Disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low are eliminated, and good body condition, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition is eliminated by poor and gander that suffer from the diseases such as impotence; Supplement in proportion after new the goose that makes preparations for sowing, cohort, lay eggs and prepare for next year again; By the raising of hiving off of the male and female goose after cluster; Take and herd as main, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and with coarse fodder type daily ration; Not generally can pull out 2～3 times feather term; Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun tan by the sun etc. stress.

In this step, coarse fodder type Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: raising method science of the present invention, the Lay mattress goose that is applicable to cold district produces, and can give full play to the productivity of Han Qu kind goose, can produce the young source of the commodity goose that the abundance high-quality is provided for supporting goose, laying rate and fertilization rate are all higher, egg production is many, and feeding cost is low, good in economic efficiency.

Embodiment

Further set forth the embodiment of this invention below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment

Cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology has following specification requirement at different vegetative stages:

One, brood time:

Brood time refers to the raising stage of goose during 0～4 week age.

(1) select kind of a young bird:

A, kind: adopt the good male parent of world improved seeds Lay mattress goose as commodity goose corss combination system.

B, time: the young goose that is chosen in hatching May to mid-June stays does kind of a use, not only reaches while making it to lay eggs in next year and can sexual maturity also can approach or reach body maturation, is conducive to like this performance of productivity.Moreover during this, hatching kind egg used is that kind of a goose produces at egg-laying peak, heredodiathesis is high, and young goose quality is good, is easy to survive.As it is too early to draw the young time, green forage lacks, and the concentrated feed of feeding too much, increase feeding cost, and if raise improperly in the standby time limit, trophic level is too high, also likely grows too fast causing and opens too early product.As it is excessively late to draw the young time, young goose is of poor quality, and heredodiathesis is low, certainly will produce harmful effect to later production, and at a time when brood rainy season, to the work of brooding, brings certain difficulty.In addition, male young early than female young about one month, to be conducive to reaching full growth and the breeding of laying period of its reproductive organs.

C, excellently stay bad eliminating: the strong young bird that Lay mattress goose kind required, went out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, absorption of yolk at its is good meeting of selecting the regular kind goose field of immune programme for children or hatchery to produce stays does kind of a use, the young goose that preferably female goose of 3 years is laid eggs and hatches.Weak young bird and inferior young bird are forbidden staying and do kind of a use.

D, quantity and male and female ratio: should determine the select and remain quantity of kind of young goose of the scale of kind of goose field according to concrete conditions such as fund, equipment, personnel and markets, the ground that must correspond to reality blindly produces., according to the characteristics of each kind, by the male and female authentication technique, select and remain by a certain percentage, the male and female ratio is 1:4 simultaneously.Reasonable quantity stays some more, in order to the later stage, selects to eliminate.

(2) advance young front preparation

Give up disinfectant measures such as taking to spray or fumigate to brooding.Get heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, equipment and the apparatus such as sterilization.Prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant.The young house of precincubation in 3 days in advance, make to give up temperature and reach 30 ℃.

(3) feeding and management

A, drink water and open food: young goose should drink water in 24 hours after going out shell for the first time.During drinking-water, should be by only guiding, instruction.The operator can often hold one, and the beak of young goose is immersed to underwater 1～2 time, and making it has certain perception to water, after relieving, can drink voluntarily.Tide port can stimulate the appetite of young goose, promotes the discharge of meconium.Should drink warm water in brood first week.For effectively preventing the disease such as young goose diarrhoea, reduce various stress harm, first three day can be added the medicines such as fluoroquinolones or antibiotics in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose.The material feeding for the first time of young goose, call off food.Open in time food, be conducive to improve the survival rate of young goose.Generally young goose drink water latter 1 hour, can open food when starting that the behavior of pecking at is arranged.Open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or the body of young goose on, lure young goose to peck at.

B, hive off: in the process of brooding, should support according to minute group feedings such as the growth and development state of young goose and physique differences, so that management guarantees the regularity of colony and grows normally.Hive off while raising, the quantity of every group is 150.For fear of crowded, guarantee to brood effect, also can adopt groupuscule nurse method for breeding.

C, squab raising: can adopt and brood on the net or the mode such as floor brooding, the mode of should employing in intensive production brooding on the net, its advantage is mainly to avoid young goose directly to contact with ight soil, has reduced the generation of disease.But in the early stage production of brooding, often there will be the ancon of young goose to drain to the phenomenon in mesh again, easily make it step on wound and disable, therefore can take to use the plastic wire of fine mesh specification (1 centimetre of diameter) to be aided with the measure of padding grass or other bedding and padding of laying.

D, environmental requirement: young goose body is little tender and lovely, and susceptibility is strong, adaptive capacity and resistance a little less than, therefore, in the young goose stage, need to provide the adapt circumstance condition, reduce or remit various stress generation.

1. temperature and humidity: now, young goose whole body only covers thin needle-like fine hair, and the body heat regulation function is poor, so the stage of brooding must guarantee suitable temperature and humidity, to guarantee young goose, grows normally.Can judge that whether the temperature of brooding is suitable by behavior performance and the health condition of young goose.When temperature is suitable, young goose is uniformly distributed in certain scope, breathes gentle, quiet noiseless, appetite, the feed intake of young goose are normal, quiet sleep soon after having enough, the ight soil of young goose, grow all normal, although still have crowded phenomenon of having a rest, not Ji Dui together; During excess Temperature, young goose stow away from heat also scatters to surrounding, mouth breathing, and two wings are opened a business, and the fine hair pine is fluffy, and drinking-water, call high and short (long young goose poor growth, the immunity degradation of easily making of high-temperature duration forms " stiff goose ") again and again; When temperature is low, young geese crackle sound is thin, frequently and point, and body is rolled up, and Ji Dui occurs when serious in extruding mutually, causes weighing wounded, even dead.As excessive as humidity, pathogenic microorganism is easily survived in feeding environment, brings out coccidiosis, aspergillosis, colibacillosis etc.; As too low as humidity, the house inner drying, moisture loss in young goose body, toe is shrivelled, and appetite descends, and young goose easily suffers from the diseases such as respiratory tract.In actual production, situation is that humidity is too high mostly, the situation that humidity is too low seldom occurs.So, take many-sided measure to answer, prevent the too high of humidity.Temperature and humidity is in Table 1.

Table 1 temperature and humidity

Age in week	Temperature (℃)	Humidity (%)
			1	32～30	70～60
2	30～28	70～60
			3	28～24	65
4	24～22	65

2. density: young goose grows rapidly, along with the growth of age in days, Augmentation of body size, active area also needs to increase, so aborning, should grasp flexibly according to the concrete conditions such as structure, ventilation condition and squab raising of kind, age in days, season, house, guarantee that the normal growth of young goose is grown.Stocking density should suitably can not be excessive, otherwise gaggle is crowded, and impact is searched for food, drunk water, and cause environmental condition to worsen, and easily pecks addiction etc., grows and be obstructed.Density is too small, although be conducive to growing of young goose, the availability in room is low, and production cost increases.Stocking density is in Table 2.

Table 2 density

3. ventilate: because young goose metabolism produces a large amount of excretas and the bath of goose drink, easily cause giving up interior air dirty and moist, therefore in guaranteeing house, under the condition of preference temperature, good ventilation be arranged, fresh with air in the assurance house.Open door and window or ventilating fan noon that generally should be higher in temperature and ventilate, but will prevent harmful wind, can not allow enter indoor wind and directly blow to it young goose, in order to avoid young goose causes flu because suffering from cold; Strengthen heat supply in the time of ventilation to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding.

4. illumination: illumination is larger on the impact of young goose, and suitable illumination can promote young goose search for food and drink water, and promotes some endocrine formation, guarantees to grow normally prevent disease.Natural lighting can not meet the needs of young goose, answers the illumination that artificial supplementation is certain.Intensity of illumination should be suitable, can not be excessive.Excessive, easily bring out and peck addiction; Too small, do not have again due effect.General available incandescent lamp is light source as a supplement, and the house of brooding of every 40 square metres is used 40 watts of bulbs, and bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of house.1～3 age in days light application time is 22 hours, is within 16 hours, to add the night lamp later.If weather is better, can increase gradually the outer activity time of house during 1 week age, make young goose contact sunlight more, build up health.

E, the number of times of feeding: in brood first week, should often feed round the clock 6～7 times, later along with the growth of age in days, search for food and the enhancing of digestion power, can reduce gradually the number of times of feeding, during to 4 week age, can often feed round the clock 3～4 times.Unsuitable water material of the initial stage of brooding is dead slot not, should be at regular time and quantity, and its reason mainly contains three: one, easily makes young goose apocleisis, affects feed intake; The 2nd, because temperature in the house of brooding is higher, easily make the feed moldy metamorphism; The 3rd, young goose happiness water, just start to dabble after drink is full, makes goose body feathers hair become wet, can make again to give up interior humidity and raise, and can bring out the diseases such as feather picking, flu.Guarantee to add in good time, in right amount water, material, eat how many, add how many, accomplish enough and do not waste.As young goose feather can keep dry, cleaning, to the young goose impact that the water of quite favourable, traditional interpolation that grows, material just can reach a day or even circadian way is especially brooded early stage on young goose of young goose, be sizable.

F, herd: herd in good time, be conducive to strengthen the ability that young goose adapts to external environment, temper its look for food ability and physique.After 2 week age, the browse place that can select fine weather that young goose is rushed to goose happiness food herds, and allows its free choice feeding green grass.The time that starts to herd is short, and it is near that road is wanted, and along with the increase of age in days, can extend gradually grazing time and distance, and with the physique of tempering young goose and the ability of looking for food, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, and then reduce the scale of feeding of fine fodder, reduces feeding cost.Herd and will combine with discharging water, this just requires pasture range will have Huo Yu water source, water source adjacent, discharges water and combines with bathing, is conducive to its metabolism, builds up health and the growth of feather, has improved resistance against diseases simultaneously.

G: nutrition: the digestive system of young goose is tender and lovely, and volume is little, and abilities of digestive and absorption is poor, and food is short by the gastral time, and fast growth.So, this stage should feed good palatability, be easy to digest and assimilate, the feed of comprehensive nutrition.Answer " feeding less duty adds ", along with the growth of age in days, increase gradually scale of feeding.Whole brood time should be take concentrated feed as master, green forage as auxiliary, can increase gradually the ratio of green forage with the growth of age in days.But have any should be noted: the initial stage, while feeding green forage, amount can not be excessive, otherwise can be because of the indigestion diarrhea.In production, should, in conjunction with raised variety type, growth and development characteristics etc., formulate Diet Formula.

H, health and epidemic prevention: do the inside and outside assanation of house well, ight soil will be removed in time, and bedding and padding want duty to change, and avoid with mouldy pad grass, and drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, is with weekly the goose sterilization once.Sick, weak young bird will be carried out raising, isolation and treatment work, and house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium will often be carried out pasteurised completely, make to support the goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable.Disease prevention and cure will, in line with the principle of " to put prevention first, anti-overweighting controlled ", be carried out disease prevention and cure work.Should carry out as one sees fit the immunity inoculation of the diseases such as gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis to young goose after going out shell.

Two, the standby phase

Usually can be divided into to (5～10 week age), mid-term (11 weeks～lay eggs first 4 weeks) in early stage, later stage (laying eggs first 4 weeks) three phases the whole standby phase, for the characteristics in each stage, take respectively different feeding and management measures.

1, the feeding and management in early stage

A, nutrition: the Alimentary growth of this stage goose has approached ripe, crude feed tolerance.It is main can herding, and takes the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, with the needs that guarantee that it grows.If the drylot feeding without grazing condition, cradle green forage and throw something and feed, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, evening supplementary feeding.This phase need be paid special attention to is because herding the goose mineral matter deficiency of searching for food, so must supplement appropriate mineral additive, the needs of growing to meet the goose normal growth.In addition, after entering this phase, be to promote and guarantee digestion, the absorption of the feed of searching for food, should be to the feed grit of 0.3～0.4 centimetre of diameter of goose, the grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, confession goose free choice feeding.

B, herd: along with the increase of age in days and the enhancing of the ability of searching for food, but whole day is herded.Pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose happiness food and apart from the goose house more nearby, should not be excessively far away, determine that the best herds route, and avoid occurring the phenomenon of " eating fertilizer walks thin ".Simultaneously, the waters that requires pasture range to have can to supply bathing, drink (water surface can not be excessive, otherwise be not easy to management).Checked the goose number when receipts are herded, given for change in time if any losing.When herd in field, can be simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, windproof to play, take shelter from rain and the effect of anti-beast evil.Before raining, goose is come back to booth, avoid drenching with rain, especially will note the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain.At hot weather, can discharge water in good time or have a rest and enjoy the cool under tree shade, drinking-water also wants sufficient simultaneously, in case heatstroke.In addition, while herding at the edge, farmland, also to note anti-pesticide poisoning.

C, hive off: by physical strength, batch hive off, little to prevent from taking advantage of greatly, take advantage of weak and individual the growing and colony's regularity of impact by force, 200 geese of generally take are a group, unsuitable excessive.The standby goose that derives from different groups is again after cohort, may be owing to being unfamiliar with each other, and usually unsocial, even there is " dealing unfairly with strangers " phenomenon to occur.Therefore, this phase, except carrying out daily feeding and management work, also will be carried out certain instruction and make it gregarious.

D, guarantee certain amount of exercise: under the drylot feeding environmental condition or entering winter, if movable, reduce, the amount of exercise deficiency, be unfavorable for that goose tempers into good physique, so will when building house, plan the sports ground of enough areas, the sports ground area is 2-3 times of the house inner area, and accomplishes regularly to drive motion, allows gaggle keep certain amount of exercise.

E, seed selection: finish to proceed to standby during the phase brooding, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, disability is arranged, the individuality of variegated feather is arranged.

F, health and epidemic prevention: carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, the pad grass wants duty to change.To prevent the generation of pesticide poisoning accident while herding.

2, the feeding and management in mid-term

A, limit are raised: in mid-term, answer limits to raise (being called for short limit raises).Limit is raised, and controls exactly feeding quality, reduces the trophic level of daily ration, utilizes the characteristics of goose crude feed tolerance, and feed to greatest extent green grass or young crops, roughage are reduced the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the purpose that reduces feeding cost.Its purpose has four: one, controls the growth rate of standby goose body weight, prevents that body weight is excessive, makes it to have the body condition that is applicable to breeding; The 2nd, control the sexually matured time, it can not be laid eggs too early, allow the sexual maturity of whole colony be tending towards in good timeization and synchronization, be convenient to the feeding and management of laying period; Three is its crude feed tolerance ability of training; The 4th, save feed, reduce costs, guarantee economic benefit.

The position, Heilongjiang Province belongs to high and cold area, and goose physical consumption in the winter time is large, and therefore raise must appropriateness for limit, can not be excessive.Before entering cold winter, goose can be fed slightly fertilely, to improve its physique.Should be noted that, this time phase is long, critical period of goose Development of Reproductive System makes preparations for sowing after being, if feeding and management is improper, especially during nutritional deficiency, the growth of genital system will be affected, cause sexually matured postponement, and the performance of productivity after impact, so, must note the fair supply of nutrition during this.

Eider down is pulled out in B, work: at 100 ages in days, live and pull out eider down 1 time, both can increase benefit, can play to a certain extent again the purpose that limit is raised.

C, environmental requirement: need to provide condition in suitable house to goose, in house, temperature be take and do not frozen as principle, and 5 ℃ of left and right are comparatively suitable.Temperature is too low, not only makes the too much physical efficiency of goose body consumption be kept out the cold, and wastes a large amount of feeds, also can reduce the resistance of goose to disease simultaneously; Excess Temperature, make the variation of the inadaptable house of goose internal and external temperature, easily catches a cold, and also can make goose generation depilation phenomenon, usually said exactly " getting mildewed in warm conditions ".Under the prerequisite that guarantees temperature, carry out good ventilation, to reduce the content of giving up the pernicious gases such as interior ammonia.Humidity is also unsuitable excessive, and General Requirements relative moisture is in 65% left and right.

D, seed selection: when 80 age in days, main according to growing the features such as situation, feather growth situation and build appearance, in colony,, feather fast growth meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness.When 150 age in days, select to there is this kind feature, good, the body weight of growing meets kind requirement, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health is continued to employ.Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and the each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, medium large, and male phase is arranged, and eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, fits effectively, and neck is slightly long, chest breadth and deeply, carry on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is long and sturdy strong, and two shin spacings are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires build large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss is bright, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, the buttocks broadness, leg is solid and apart from wide.

E, male and female goose hive off: on business there is difference in female goose physique, if mixed group feeding is supported, easily causes male and female body condition difference great disparity, also easily causes female goose to open in advance product, both has been unfavorable for kind of the performance of goose productivity, also is unfavorable for the arrangement of whole production simultaneously.The phenomenon of mating also can often occur in addition, the penis of gander is bitten or frostbite, and lose, kind use value, cause unnecessary loss.

F, bathing and house move outward: before entering winter, goose also can bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long.As long, because water temperature is too low etc., reason can make physical consumption excessive, and cause the growth of livestock, sharply descends.Allow in the winter time goose carry out suitable house and move outward, play and promote digesting and assimilating, take exercise physique and reducing the purpose that the labour drops into of food.After entering sky in the nine periods, because of weather become cold especially, prevent kind of a goose frostbite, should select during this period of time to face south, leeward place, given up again outer motion after sun rise.

The uniformity of G, control gaggle: effectively controlled the uniformity of gaggle by the picked-up of hiving off, regulate smart roughage ratio, control nutrition, so that whole gaggle opens postpartum, can reach the peak of laying eggs in a short time, to obtain best egg production rate.

3, laying period

A, open product: take the measure of regulation feedstuff nutrient concentration and feeding quality, start to lay eggs at reasonable time will guarantee female goose in good time.What is called is opened to produce in good time and is comprised two aspects: the one, goose will reach certain monthly age (referring to the primiparity goose) opening while producing, can not lay eggs too early, otherwise can cause the gander breeding capacity and semen quality poor; The female goose premature labor, egg matter is poor, and egg-laying peak is short, and the vitality of laying eggs is poor, and planting egg, can to cause incubation rate because the holding time is long low; Spend evening and cause laying period short, egg production is very few; It two is to open product in certain month, is subject to the restriction of Heilongjiang Province's weather, and the product time of opening that female goose is suitable should be March, and 4-5 month enters egg-laying peak, is conducive to like this hatching of kind of egg and broods.

B, reinforced promoting production: opening antenatally, should increase gradually the scale of feeding of fine fodder, using kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks.Notice that supplementary feeding can not increase too fast, otherwise cause early laying eggs and affecting later laying eggs.Female goose just before giving birth has a well filled-out figure, the feather compactness, and the gloss distinctness, especially the feather of gooseneck section is more bright, and tail feathers is parallel with the back of the body, postabdomen is sagging, and more than between pubis, the first transaction of a day's business reaches 3 fingers, the smooth chrysanthemum shape that is of anus, be slow in action, appetite increases, happiness food mineral feed, and the performance of seeking a spouse, think nest love nest.The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should be early than female goose, so that gander has abundant muscle power and vigorous sexual desire when female goose opens product.Ensure clean sufficient drinking-water, note not making the goose cold water of drinking ice.Simultaneously, laying nest is set, every 2 female gooses are supplied with 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest.

C, illumination: the key factor that during illumination, impact is laid eggs.The northern China goose all belongs to the kind of long-time illumination, and suitably increasing illumination can stimulate female goose to open product, impels gander to reach sexual maturity.Lay mattress goose needs the controlled light time (can take the measure shading that curtain is set to carry out controlled light), controlled light is synchronizeed and is carried out with the change daily ration, adjust gradually the light application time of every day with the times of 6 weeks, make kind of goose reach 10 hours every days in the light application time of closing on while laying eggs, and be maintained to the end of laying eggs.

D, apolegamy, cohort: for improving egg production and the fertilization rate of kind of goose, so reply kind of a goose reasonably selects.Select physique stalwartness, well-developed goose to stay and do kind of a use.Physique is thin and weak should be chosen in time with the excessive goose of body weight.It should be emphasized that, gander must be by only checking, what all reproductive developments were bad, lopsided, the penis prolapsus exposes, impotence, semen quality are poor is superseded in the lump.Open and gander was put into to the female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal about 15 days kind of a goose, it is familiar with mutually, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready.

E, nutrition: every goose feeds fine fodder amount 300 grams every day, can divide morning, noon, evening to feed for 3 times, and free choice feeding, accomplish careful the observation, meticulously feeds, and guarantees that goose has enough, eats.If have ready conditions, also can add some green forages.The goose of laying eggs answers supplementary feeding food at night, can about 9 o'clock, add at night, so both can extend egg-laying peak, can also avoid because of the hungry riot produced and the generation of stinging the phenomenons such as bucket.Day and night all will guarantee the drinking-water abundance of goose.Should avoid the female goose of laying eggs to drink ice cold water, influential to laying eggs because of it, preferably allow goose drink warm water.

In this period, available Diet Formula 1: corn 63.0%, dregs of beans 25.3%, fish meal 1.0%, methionine 0.06%, stone flour 7.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.7%, salt 0.26%, premix 1.0%;

Perhaps: Diet Formula 2: corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%.

F, breeding, breeding work are very important links in kind of goose production management, if find that aborning gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases, change in time, to guarantee the breeding ratio.When the kind gander is few, can cause gander physical demands transition, impact breeding effect; But gander also can not be too much, otherwise both increase feeding cost, easily stung again the situations such as bucket.The lower gander to sexual desire, can feed a little medeas (Epimedium), can obviously improve the breeding effect.The goose breeding time is generally in the morning with at dusk more, thus in the situation that weather conditions are good, should allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, avoid various interference, to increase the breeding chance, improve the breeding effect.

According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust in time ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose, to guarantee higher fertility rate of hatching egg and incubation rate.In addition, in most literature, mentioning advocating allows goose breed in water, honest 4～May of egg-laying peak of goose is planted by Heilongjiang Province, Er Han district, now the water surface has just started to melt, water temperature is lower, goose enter after water to be subject to low temperature etc. stress and impact breeding and laying eggs, so plant in Heilongjiang Province that goose lays eggs before, should not breed mid-term in water.Facts have proved, " drought is supported method " also can obtain good breeding, fertilization effect.Laying eggs the later stage, with good conditionsily water source is being provided or water surface playground is set by goose bathing in water, breeding, but will prevent that in water the activity time is long, and it is excessive to cause physical consumption, physically-draining.

G, environment: the inside and outside stocking density of house is wanted suitably, wait material elements to consider according to gaggle body size.In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre.Stocking density can not be excessive, to guarantee kind of a goose drinking-water, the needs of searching for food and breeding.Ground is flat supports, be in house the bedding and padding such as laid straw on ground, and periodic replacement and airing, in order to avoid the kind goose is suffered from cold and spreads disease.Note ventilation, keep air fresh, in house, humidity is unsuitable too high, remains on 65% left and right as far as possible.The initial stage of laying eggs, on the occasion of early spring, is therefore carried out warming work, and the house temperature control is more than 5 ℃.Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, regularly cleans, is with weekly the goose sterilization once.

H, instruction are laid eggs, diligent sowing egg: before female goose is laid eggs, generally do not like activity, the uneasiness that pipes, be unwilling to be from house, and this is the tendency of laying eggs.The goose that has just opened product is often disorderly laid eggs everywhere, causes dirty, broken egg to increase, and therefore will strengthen the lay eggs instruction of habit of primiparity female goose, prevents the appearance of floor egg phenomenon.Can select on the sunny side at sports ground, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lay eggs when the motion to facilitate kind of goose.Increase and pick up the egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, especially in early spring season, more will prevent that the goose egg is because of the cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold.

I, subtract keep away stress: in laying period, plant the goose reaction sensitivity of environment to external world, afraid of one's shadow, and impact is laid eggs and bred.So, should avoid or reduce between laying period various stress generation.As the sudden change of feed, have a power failure suddenly, drive, seizure that the density of climatic variation, scaring, raising is excessive, random etc.Therefore, forbid to turn house, tone group between laying period, working procedure is standardized, is rationalized, and the keeper is as far as possible fixing, and during the interior clear excrement of house, goose can not be in house.In 4～May, often there will be the situations such as sleet, cooling, and the bad weathers such as sand, floating dust and sandstorm that occur in recent years, all will note protection, very important.Start for 5 the end of month when weather becomes sweltering heat, because the goose whole body is full-fledged, subcutaneous fat is thicker, again without sweat gland, so the heat radiation difficulty must or be set up shading shed and spray cooling in sports ground kind tree for this reason.Plant goose and should ban use of the medicines such as sulfa drugs (sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine etc.), nitrofurans (furazolidone is again furazolidone), anticoccidial class medicine (Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin etc.), aureomycin and tetracycline in laying period, because having, these medicines suppress the side effect of laying eggs, breeding, and the quality of impact hatching and young goose.

J, house is outer moves and herd: suitable house moves outward (freely-movable and manually drive motion combine) and herds, and can make kind of goose obtain enough sunlight, amount of exercise and fully search for food, and can promote to digest, and builds up health.But the female goose of laying eggs is slow in action, select near and smooth place to move and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity.

K, replenish the calcium: the kind goose of laying period needs the calcium amount larger, especially at egg-laying peak, the calcium deficiency phenomenon easily occurs, gives birth to soft-preserved egg or lopsided egg, therefore can place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoints the goose free choice feeding.

L, hive off and eliminate: in laying period, if there is disconnectedly sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, the irreversible situations such as female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded.So both can avoid unnecessary input, and cut the waste, additional income and raising laying rate, can also alleviate the feeding and management burden.Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures.

M, health and epidemic prevention: except carrying out conventional hygienic cleaning work, also will be before laying eggs in 1 month, kind of goose be carried out the immunity inoculation of expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis.It is longer that the kind goose experiences the time of laying period, and physical consumption is large in addition, and the resistance against diseases of body is poor.Therefore can occur to deviate from and the various diseases such as Toe abscess as cholera fowl, goose colibacillosis, goose lice, female goose prolapse of fallopian tube, gander penis, so should carry out prevention and the treatment work of various diseases.

4, stop term: in Heilongjiang Province, to 6 the end of month, the female goose egg production starts obvious minimizing, and egg type diminishes, and deformity increases, and feather is withered; The gander sexual desire descends, the breeding capacity variation, and fertility rate of hatching egg reduces, and this shows to be about to enter to stop term.When the gaggle laying rate drops to 5% usually, just indicate the not beginning in term.Stop should to take term and herd as main, daily ration changes the standby phase into and slightly raises daily ration, its objective is the fat consumed in the goose body, promotes moult; Temper the crude feed tolerance ability of gaggle, maintain raising, reduce feeding cost.

A, tone group: make kind of goose keep certain production capacity, when entering not term, disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low should be eliminated, good body condition, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition is eliminated by poor and gander that suffer from the diseases such as impotence.Supplement in proportion after new the goose that makes preparations for sowing, cohort, lay eggs and prepare for next year again.In general, the time limit that utilizes of Lay mattress kind goose is 3～5 years, in addition can be according to body condition, plant that proper extension utilizes the time limit by the concrete condition such as value.In order to make the male and female goose reach best body condition while once laying eggs upper, guarantee higher productivity, and be convenient to management, so the raising of the male and female goose after cluster will being hived off.

B, slightly raise: plant goose and stop should take term and herds as main, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and, by the concentrate type daily ration of laying period, changes coarse fodder type daily ration into, is commonly called as slightly and raises.The purpose of slightly raising is to impel the stopping production female goose to consume body fat, and is molted; Also can temper on the other hand the crude feed tolerance ability of gaggle, reduce feeding cost.This stage Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.

C, manually pull out plumage: goose to stop term longer, normally only consume the stage that feed does not have the economic benefit return.For this reason, can carry out artificial living and pull out eider down.Not generally can pull out 2～3 times term, to increase income, also can play certain facilitation to improving kind of a goose quality simultaneously.Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun tan by the sun etc. stress, avoid causing the hair follicle inflammation because bacterium infects.In addition, open feeding and management in antenatal 4 weeks should with noted earlier and to open before product the feeding and management in 4 weeks identical, think normally laying eggs and prepare of next round.

The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also are considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. Yi Zhonghan district Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology is characterized in that: at following vegetative stage, have following specification requirement:

(1) brood time: brood time refers to the raising stage of goose during 0～4 week age, plant the young good male parent of selecting Lay mattress goose corss combination system, the young goose hatched in May to mid-June stays does kind of a use, male young bird should be early than female young about one month, the strong young bird that Lay mattress goose kind required, went out shell in good time, body weight is moderate, fine hair is clean, absorption of yolk at its is good meeting of selecting the regular kind goose field of immune programme for children or hatchery to produce stays does kind of a use, the young goose that preferably female goose of 2～3 years is laid eggs and hatches, adopt the male and female authentication technique, select and remain by a certain percentage, the male and female ratio is 1:4～5; The house of brooding is taked to spray or the stifling disinfectant measure that waits, get heating, illumination ready, feed raise, drink water, equipment and the apparatus such as sterilization, prepare enough feed, medicine and disinfectant, precincubation in 3 days in advance is young gives up, and makes to give up temperature and reaches 28～32 ℃; Young goose should drink water in 18～24 hours after going out shell for the first time, pursue only guiding, instruction during drinking-water, the operator often holds one, the beak of young goose is immersed to underwater 1～2 time, making it has certain perception to water, after relieving, can drink voluntarily, in brood first week, should drink warm water, first three day added the medicines such as fluoroquinolones or antibiotics in drinking water, separately adds appropriate multidimensional and glucose; Can open food when after young goose drinking-water, within 0.5～1 hour, starting that the behavior of pecking at is arranged, open food and should use compound feed, be sprinkling upon in charging tray or the body of young goose on, lure young goose to peck at; The raising of being hived off, the quantity of every group is 100～200; Adopt online squab raising, take to use the plastic wire of fine mesh specification (1 centimetre of diameter) to be aided with the measure of laying pad grass or other bedding and padding; In house, good ventilation to be arranged, strengthen heat supply in the time of ventilation to keep the temperature stabilization of brooding; The illumination that artificial supplementation is certain, adopt incandescent lamp light source as a supplement, the house of brooding of every 40 square metres is used 40 watts of bulbs, and bulb is suspended on middle overhead high 2 meters of house, 1～3 age in days light application time is 20～24 hours, is within 18～14 hours, to add the night lamp later; First week interior should often feeding round the clock 6～7 times of brooding along with the growth of age in days, can be reduced the number of times of feeding later gradually, during to 4 week age, can often feed round the clock 3～4 times; After 2 week age, the browse place that can select fine weather that young goose is rushed to goose happiness food herds, the time that starts to herd is short, it is near that road is wanted, along with the increase of age in days, can extend gradually grazing time and distance, and to be transitioned into gradually to herd be main, herd and will combine with discharging water, discharge water and combine with bathing; Whole brood time should be take concentrated feed as master, green forage as auxiliary, can increase gradually the ratio of green forage with the growth of age in days, and adopts Diet Formula; Do the inside and outside assanation of house well, ight soil will be removed in time, bedding and padding want duty to change, avoid with mouldy pad grass, drinking bowl or hopper will clean 1 time every day, be with weekly the goose sterilization once, sick, weak young bird will be carried out raising, isolation and treatment work, house is inside and outside, poultry raiser, apparatus, vehicle and medium will often be carried out pasteurised completely, make to support the goose environment keep clean, dry, bright, comfortable, should carry out as one sees fit the immunity inoculation of the diseases such as gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus, influenza, new virus enteritis to young goose after going out shell;

(2) the standby phase: can be divided into to (5～10 week age), mid-term (11 weeks～lay eggs first 4 weeks) in early stage, later stage (laying eggs first 4 weeks) three phases the whole standby phase, for the characteristics in each stage, take respectively different feeding and management measures:

The feeding and management in a, early stage: take and herd as main, take the circumstances into consideration supplementary feeding, and the drinking-water of supplying clean abundance, supplement appropriate mineral additive, the grit of 0.3～0.4 centimetre of the diameter of feeding, the grit groove is placed on the certain position of sports ground, for the goose free choice feeding; Whole day is herded, and pasture range should select to be rich in the herbage of goose happiness food and apart from the goose house more nearby, determines that the best herds route, pasture range should have the waters that can supply bathing, drink, checked the goose number when receipts are herded, given for change in time if any losing, when herd in field, can be simply and economically, gather materials on the spot, build provisional booth, before raining, goose is come back to booth, avoid drenching with rain, especially will note the attack of anti-anxious rain, heavy rain; At hot weather, can discharge water in good time or have a rest and enjoy the cool under tree shade, drinking-water also wants sufficient simultaneously, in case heatstroke; In addition, while herding at the edge, farmland, also to note anti-pesticide poisoning; By physical strength, batch hive off, 200 geese of generally take are a group, carry out certain instruction and make it gregarious; The sports ground area is 2～3 times of the house inner area, and accomplishes regularly to drive motion, allows gaggle keep certain amount of exercise; Finish to proceed to standby during the phase brooding, select the gander of body weight appropriateness according to Lay mattress goose breed standard, female goose requires to have medium body weight, and superseded body weight is less, disability is arranged, the individuality of variegated feather is arranged; Carry out the inside and outside disinfecting work of house, the pad grass wants duty to change, and will prevent the generation of pesticide poisoning accident while herding;

The feeding and management in b, mid-term: control feeding quality, reduce the trophic level of daily ration, utilize the characteristics of goose crude feed tolerance, feed to greatest extent green grass or young crops, roughage are reduced the input of fine fodder as far as possible, reach the purpose that reduces feeding cost; Limit is raised must be appropriate, can not be excessive; Before entering cold winter, goose can be fed slightly fertilely, to improve its physique; At 80～140 ages in days, can live and pull out eider down 1～2 time; In house, temperature be take and do not frozen as principle, and 5 ℃ of left and right are comparatively suitable; Under the prerequisite that guarantees temperature, carry out good ventilation; Relative moisture is 60～70%; When 70～80 age in days, main according to growing the features such as situation, feather growth situation and build appearance, in colony,, feather fast growth meets continuing to employ of breed standard and physique stalwartness; When 150～180 age in days, select to there is this kind feature, good, the body weight of growing meets kind requirement, three-dimensional-structure and the goose that is in a good state of health is continued to employ; Gander requires that build is large, physique good, and the each several part allelotaxis is well-balanced, the girth of a garment is appropriate, medium large, and male phase is arranged, and eyes have god flexibly, beak is long and blunt, fits effectively, and neck is slightly long, chest breadth and deeply, carry on the back wide and long, belly is smooth, and shin is long and sturdy strong, and two shin spacings are wide, and song is loud and clear; Female goose requires build large and weigh, and feather is close to, and gloss is bright, and head is of moderate size, and eyes are flexible, and neck is elongated, height and justifying, and front body is more shallow narrow, and rear quarters is dark and wide, the buttocks broadness, leg is solid and apart from wide; After seed selection, the male and female goose hives off; Before entering winter, goose also can bathing in water, but the bathing that discharges water should appropriateness, and the time can not be long: allow winter goose carry out suitable house and move outward: after entering sky in the nine periods, should select to face south, leeward place, after sun rise, be given up outer motion again; Control the uniformity of gaggle: adopt the picked-up of hiving off, regulating smart roughage ratio, control nutrition effectively to control the uniformity of gaggle;

The feeding and management in c, later stage: the product time of opening that female goose is suitable should be March, enters egg-laying peak 4～May; Open antenatally, should increase gradually the scale of feeding of fine fodder, use kind of a geese in laying period daily ration instead, be transitioned into free choice feeding with the time of 4 weeks; The supplementary feeding of gander fine fodder should be early than female goose; Ensure clean sufficient warm water; Laying nest is set, and every 2～3 female gooses are supplied with 1 laying nest, laid soft pad grass in laying nest; Need the controlled light time, controlled light with change daily ration and synchronize and carry out, adjust gradually the light application time of every day with the times of 4～6 weeks, make kind of goose reach 10～11 hours every days in the light application time of closing on while laying eggs, and be maintained to the end of laying eggs; Select physique stalwartness, well-developed goose to stay and do kind of a use; Gander must be by only checking, what all reproductive developments were bad, lopsided, the penis prolapsus exposes, impotence, semen quality are poor is superseded in the lump; Open and gander was put into to the female goose group according to a certain percentage in antenatal about 15 days kind of a goose, it is familiar with mutually, increase affinity, for breeding is got ready; Every goose feeds fine fodder amount 200～300 grams every day, can divide morning, noon, evening to feed for 3 times, free choice feeding; Add some green forages; The goose of laying eggs answers supplementary feeding food at night, can about 9 o'clock, add at night; Day and night all will guarantee the drinking-water abundance of goose, allows goose drink warm water; Find that aborning gander suffers from genital organ disease or other diseases, change in time: the lower gander to sexual desire, can feed a little medeas, as Epimedium; The goose breeding time in the morning and at dusk, in the situation that weather conditions are good, allow as far as possible goose many movable at sports ground, search for food, drink water, increase the breeding chance, improve the breeding effect; According to the fertilization rate situation of goose hatching of breeding eggs, adjust in time ratio and the gaggle structure of male and female goose; In house, online stocking density is 3/square metre; The flat foster density in ground is 2/square metre; Ground is flat supports, be in house the bedding and padding such as laid straw on ground, and periodic replacement and airing; Ventilation, keep air fresh, and in house, humidity remains on 65%; The house temperature control is more than 5 ℃; Drinking bowl cleans 1 time every day, carries out the inside and outside sanitary work of house, regularly cleans, is with weekly the goose sterilization once; Strengthen the lay eggs instruction of habit of primiparity female goose, prevent the appearance of floor egg phenomenon; At sports ground, select on the sunny side, leeward, quiet place, the pad grass of laid softness, lay eggs when the motion to facilitate kind of goose; Increase and pick up the egg number of times, diligent sowing egg, especially in early spring season, more will prevent that the goose egg is because of the cold even bursting by freezing of enduring cold; Between laying period, avoid or reduce various stress generation, as the sudden change of feed, have a power failure suddenly, drive, seizure that the density of climatic variation, scaring, raising is excessive, random etc.; Forbid to turn house, tone group between laying period, working procedure is standardized, is rationalized, and the keeper is as far as possible fixing, and during the interior clear excrement of house, goose can not be in house; Set or set up shading shed and spray cooling in the sports ground kind; Plant goose and should ban use of the medicines such as sulfa drugs (sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulfaclozine, synergistic sulfonamide pyrimidine etc.), nitrofurans (furazolidone is again furazolidone), anticoccidial class medicine (Robenidine, Nicarbazin, gram ball powder, nitro-chlorobenzene acid amides, Monensin etc.), aureomycin and tetracycline in laying period; Select near and smooth place to move and herd, must not fiercely drive, in order to avoid get injured by a fall or cause breaking of egg in abdominal cavity; Place conch meal supplementary feeding groove at sports ground, appoint the goose free choice feeding; In laying period,

If there is disconnected sticking up, lame, gander falls whip, the irreversible situations such as female goose severe prolapse of the anus, should eliminate immediately; All egg laying performances are not good, and the female goose early stopped production also be should give superseded; Lay eggs the later stage, have a large amount of female gooses in gaggle and stop production successively, lay eggs female goose and stopping production female goose should be distinguished in time and hive off, take different feeding and management measures; Health and epidemic prevention: the immunity inoculation of in 1 month, kind of goose being carried out expelling parasite and gosling plague, paramyxovirus, bird flu, cholera fowl, colibacillosis before laying eggs;

(4) stop term: disability, the kind goose that ill, egg production is low are eliminated, and good body condition, the egg-laying peak duration is long, the normal female goose of egg type is continued to employ, body condition is eliminated by poor and gander that suffer from the diseases such as impotence; Supplement in proportion after new the goose that makes preparations for sowing, cohort, lay eggs and prepare for next year again; By the raising of hiving off of the male and female goose after cluster; Take and herd as main, supplementary feeding is auxiliary, and with coarse fodder type daily ration; Not generally can pull out 2～3 times feather term; Pull out in 1 week after plumage, can not allow water under goose, and anti-rain and burning sun tan by the sun etc. stress.

2. cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the different raising under age in week, the requirement of flat breeding method and density, temperature, humidity is as follows: one week age, during online flat supporting, 20/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 18/square metre, temperature is 30～32 ℃, and humidity is 60～70%; Two week age, during online flat supporting, 15/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 13/square metre, temperature is 28～30 ℃, humidity is 60～70%; Three week age, during online flat supporting, 10/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 8/square metre, temperature is 24～28 ℃, humidity is 65%; Surrounding age, during online flat supporting, 6/square metre, ground is flat while supporting 4/square metre; Temperature is 22～24 ℃, and humidity is 65%.

3. cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1) step, Diet Formula is: (1), corn 63.0%, dregs of beans 25.3%, fish meal 1.0%, methionine 0.06%, stone flour 7.7%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.7%, salt 0.26%, premix 1.0%; Perhaps: (2), corn 48.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fodder yeast 3%, rice chaff 18.07%, wheat bran 5.0%, methionine 0.15%, stone flour 5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.4%, choline 0.05%, multivitamin 0.03%, microelement additive 0.3%.

4. cold district's Lay mattress goose kind goose feeding and management technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), coarse fodder type Diet Formula is: corn 60.1%, dregs of beans 18.9%, wheat bran 16%, methionine 0.08%, stone flour 2.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.4%, salt 0.3%, premix 0.82%.