CN105104290A - Artificial pavo critatus breeding method under high-altitude environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial pavo critatus breeding method under a high-altitude environment. The artificial pavo critatus breeding method comprises the following steps: early young pavo critatus is obtained by a hybridization technology; by simulation and improvement of a production environment, the fertilization rate of seed pavo critatus is increased; a special pavo critatus incubation machine is designed; an artificial pavo critatus breeding technical flow is made; a standardized artificial pavo critatus breeding technical flow is customized. According to the artificial pavo critatus breeding method, the difficulties of low artificial pavo critatus breeding incubation rate and low survival rate in plateau areas are solved.

Description

Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment

Technical field

Type of the present invention relates to Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method, is specially Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under the higher environment of height above sea level.

Background technology

Radix notoginseng mainly lives in South Asia and south east asia, its artificial breeding support technology in China, eastern region is very ripe, but the peacock of other regional artificial breedings can not adapt to the growing environment of Part of Qinghai Plateau severe cold region, it is very low that adult peacock is transported to Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region survival rate, do not reach 50%, general three to six months will be dead, winter, lethality was higher.With technology conventional at present, the high altitude localities Radix notoginseng incubation rate such in Qinghai does not reach 50% yet.

According to incompletely statistics, national Radix notoginseng breeding scale family is about 40-50 family, cultivates many in coastal economy developed regions and middle part, and breeding environment and weather are close to the nature ground of South Asia and Southeast Asia Radix notoginseng.Also there is Radix notoginseng raiser western China, but scale is all little, and because a variety of causes comprises the impact of weather, environmental factor, incubation rate and the low economy that causes of survival rate are lost, and present most of raiser changes one's profession, no longer carries out Radix notoginseng cultivation.

Summary of the invention

Of the present inventionly be to provide Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, solving Radix notoginseng under high altitude environment cannot the shortcoming of artificial breeding.

For achieving the above object, the invention discloses following technical scheme:

Under high altitude environment, Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes " hybridization technique ", obtains early stage young Radix notoginseng;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Radix notoginseng fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Radix notoginseng incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Radix notoginseng feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Radix notoginseng hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Radix notoginseng artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

S401 selects egg, select to be of moderate size, egg type is normal, smooth surface cleans, without the kind egg of wrinkle, slight crack, stain, the storage temperature of planting egg is 18 DEG C, relative moisture 70%-80%, well-ventilated, holding time is no more than 5 days, carries out disinfection during hatching, soaks 10-20 minute with 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate;

S402 is hatched, and hatching built-in temperature is 37 DEG C-37.5 DEG C.Hatching indoor temperature maintains 24 DEG C-27 DEG C, and hatching phase temperature declines 0.5 DEG C, and in hatch machine, relative moisture maintains 65%-70%, and the hatching phase adopts 75%, and hatching house's relative moisture keeps 65%-70%; Hatching early stage, every half an hour to 1 hour egg-turning 1 time, the 2nd week 1 hour-2 hours egg-turnings 1 time, turn over 1 egg in later every 3 hours; Hatching stops egg-turning after rule in first 3 days;

S5 works out the Radix notoginseng artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and select suitable growing environment, indoor air temperature is not higher than 28 DEG C;

S502 environmental Kuznets Curves, 1-7 age in days, in order to prevent young peacock from dewatering, relative moisture should remain on 65-70%, keeps dry later; The illumination of 1-7 age in days is 24 hours, and the adolescence adopts natural lighting, and peacock of laying eggs is constant is 17 hours; Cultivation density is controlled according to the Radix notoginseng age;

S503 nestling is raised, and brood time is 0-70 age in days.Pavo Praecoces, just can peck at after going out shell, carries out cage is brooded, and pouity dwelling place temperature during 1-3 age in days is 33 DEG C-37 DEG C, and later every day reduces by 0.3 DEG C, until de-temperature during 35-40 age in days; First begin to drink with multivitamin water or 0.02% potassium permanganate water before young sparrow opens food, then feeding chickling material and yellow mealworm; Period well-off drinking-water, suitably add vitamin b complex solution in drinking-water; Progressively allow peacock arrive outdoor activity after 40 ages in days, make it slowly adapt to extraneous environment, weather, temperature; Growing of children peacock increases feed of animal origin and various trace element from 10 ages in days, its growth short; After 31 ages in days, every day feeds 2-3 time; Maize pulp, Chinese sorghum, yellow mealworm, bread worm etc. are suitably added in feed; The content of ripe egg in feed gradually reduces;

S504 finishing period is raised, and 70 ages in days turn people from breeding cage and are bred as column home raising, and density is every 30m ²8-10 only; Feed is the feed that chicken material and corn, pea, vegetables etc. are combined into, and add the intestines fish meal of percentage by weight 3% in middle chicken material, load onto health-care sand with basin puts people's column home simultaneously, feeds every day 2 times, supplies 2 green forages simultaneously;

S505 laying period of growing up, raises, and planting heroes female ratio is 1:3-4; Feed of animal origin and insect, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin is increased between laying period; Increase during autumn molt to feed and account for the fructus cannabis of feed relative than 10%; In house, corner costs nest, puts mollugo, is beneficial to lay eggs;

The feeding and management of S506 kind sparrow, each column home raises one group of group that lays eggs, and often group is laid eggs group 6, and male and female compares 1:5;

The raising of S507 breeding period:

Reload, young peacock after chicken group shakes down, carry out work of reloading after proceeding to into peacock house from house of brooding, and changes young peacock material into Malachite material or one-tenth peacock material with 2-3 days time;

Duty changes bedding and padding, keeps peacock house dry;

Keep peacock house environment quiet, minimizing stress, prevent frightened group;

S508 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

Further, the concrete mode of described step S1 is: select in southwest and the Northeast the kind sparrow with good gene to carry out first time hybridization respectively, obtain A kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and southwest to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain B kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and the Northeast to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain C kind sparrow.Select excellent B kind sparrow and C kind sparrow to carry out third time again to hybridize, obtain D type Radix notoginseng.

Further, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Further, the incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

Further, hatch cooling egg 15 minutes-20 minutes every day middle and later periods in described step S402, dry in the air to when 30 DEG C.

Further, control cultivation density according to the Radix notoginseng age in described step S502 and be specially 1-7 days 10 Zhi/㎡; 8-14 days 5 Zhi/㎡; 15 days every square metre less than 2 afterwards.

Further, in described step S508 regularly sterilization for every 2 weeks of sparrow house with 1% limewash spray 3 times, often criticize after peacock raising terminates, thorough elimination peafowl faeces and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant; Epidemic prevention is for bring into use Chinese herbal feed additive to prevent epidemic 3 week age.

Further, described feed proportioning is by weight:

The feed of young peacock, corn 40 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, 6 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 14 parts, 13 parts, highland barley, 27 parts, mineral matter, salt 0.3 part, bone meal 2 parts, 2 parts, yeast;

The feed of growing chickens peacock before June, corn 45 parts, 5 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 18 parts, pea 3 parts, fish meal 8 parts, bone meal 4 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, 3 parts, yeast, salt 0.5 part, conch meal 0.5 part;

The feed of the young peacock before 22 monthly ages, corn 38 parts, highland barley flour 10 parts, 4.6 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 3 parts, dregs of beans 21 parts, peameal 8 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 3 parts, yeast, bone meal 1 part, conch meal 1 part, salt 0.4 part;

The feed of adult peacock, corn 60 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, dregs of beans 18 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 3 parts, yeast, conch meal 2 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Laying period peacock feed, corn 45 parts, soya-bean cake 16 parts, soybean 10 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, bone meal 5 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Plant the feed of peacock, corn 48 parts, wholemeal 5 parts, 5 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 2 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, soybean meal 5 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 2 parts, yeast, bone meal 2 parts, conch meal 2.5 parts, salt 0.5 part.

It is naturally hatch associated technical parameters for reference with Radix notoginseng that the present invention researches and develops theory innovation, break through at present domestic smallest number, among a small circle in carry out experimental artificial incubation cultivation Radix notoginseng research category, utilize and carry out experiment and the research of artificial incubation cultivation Radix notoginseng at height above sea level lower than 3000 meter districts, and artificial incubation rate is brought up to more than 80%, and cultivation survival rate brings up to more than 90%.

Embodiment

Under high altitude environment, Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes " hybridization technique ", obtains early stage young Radix notoginseng;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Radix notoginseng fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Radix notoginseng incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Radix notoginseng feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Radix notoginseng hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Radix notoginseng artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

S401 selects egg, select to be of moderate size, egg type is normal, smooth surface cleans, without the kind egg of wrinkle, slight crack, stain, the storage temperature of planting egg is 18 DEG C, relative moisture 70%-80%, well-ventilated, holding time is no more than 5 days, carries out disinfection during hatching, soaks 10-20 minute with 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate;

S402 is hatched, and hatching built-in temperature is 37 DEG C-37.5 DEG C.Hatching indoor temperature maintains 24 DEG C-27 DEG C, and hatching phase temperature declines 0.5 DEG C, and in hatch machine, relative moisture maintains 65%-70%, and the hatching phase adopts 75%, and hatching house's relative moisture keeps 65%-70%; Hatching early stage, every half an hour to 1 hour egg-turning 1 time, the 2nd week 1 hour-2 hours egg-turnings 1 time, turn over 1 egg in later every 3 hours; Hatching stops egg-turning after rule in first 3 days;

S5 works out the Radix notoginseng artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and select suitable growing environment, indoor air temperature is not higher than 28 DEG C;

S502 environmental Kuznets Curves, 1-7 age in days, in order to prevent young peacock from dewatering, relative moisture should remain on 65-70%, keeps dry later; The illumination of 1-7 age in days is 24 hours, and the adolescence adopts natural lighting, and peacock of laying eggs is constant is 17 hours; Cultivation density is controlled according to the Radix notoginseng age;

S503 nestling is raised, and brood time is 0-70 age in days.Pavo Praecoces, just can peck at after going out shell, carries out cage is brooded, and pouity dwelling place temperature during 1-3 age in days is 33 DEG C-37 DEG C, and later every day reduces by 0.3 DEG C, until de-temperature during 35-40 age in days; First begin to drink with multivitamin water or 0.02% potassium permanganate water before young sparrow opens food, then feeding chickling material and yellow mealworm; Period well-off drinking-water, suitably add vitamin b complex solution in drinking-water; Progressively allow peacock arrive outdoor activity after 40 ages in days, make it slowly adapt to extraneous environment, weather, temperature; Growing of children peacock increases feed of animal origin and various trace element from 10 ages in days, its growth short; After 31 ages in days, every day feeds 2-3 time; Maize pulp, Chinese sorghum, yellow mealworm, bread worm etc. are suitably added in feed; The content of ripe egg in feed gradually reduces;

S504 finishing period is raised, and 70 ages in days turn people from breeding cage and are bred as column home raising, and density is every 30m ²8-10 only; Feed is the feed that chicken material and corn, pea, vegetables etc. are combined into, and add the intestines fish meal of percentage by weight 3% in middle chicken material, load onto health-care sand with basin puts people's column home simultaneously, feeds every day 2 times, supplies 2 green forages simultaneously;

S505 laying period of growing up, raises, and planting heroes female ratio is 1:3-4; Feed of animal origin and insect, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin is increased between laying period; Increase during autumn molt to feed and account for the fructus cannabis of feed relative than 10%; In house, corner costs nest, puts mollugo, is beneficial to lay eggs;

The feeding and management of S506 kind sparrow, each column home raises one group of group that lays eggs, and often group is laid eggs group 6, and male and female compares 1:5;

The raising of S507 breeding period:

Reload, young peacock after chicken group shakes down, carry out work of reloading after proceeding to into peacock house from house of brooding, and changes young peacock material into Malachite material or one-tenth peacock material with 2-3 days time;

Duty changes bedding and padding, keeps peacock house dry;

Keep peacock house environment quiet, minimizing stress, prevent frightened group;

S508 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

In the present invention, the concrete mode of step S1 is: select in southwest and the Northeast the kind sparrow with good gene to carry out first time hybridization respectively, obtain A kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and southwest to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain B kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and the Northeast to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain C kind sparrow.Select excellent B kind sparrow and C kind sparrow to carry out third time again to hybridize, obtain D type Radix notoginseng.

In step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Incubation plate volume after improving in step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

Hatch cooling egg 15 minutes-20 minutes every day middle and later periods in step S402, dry in the air to when 30 DEG C.

Control cultivation density according to the Radix notoginseng age in step S502 and be specially 1-7 days 10 Zhi/㎡; 8-14 days 5 Zhi/㎡; 15 days every square metre less than 2 afterwards.

In step S508 regularly sterilization for every 2 weeks of sparrow house with 1% limewash spray 3 times, often criticize after peacock raising terminates, thorough elimination peafowl faeces and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant; Epidemic prevention is for bring into use Chinese herbal feed additive to prevent epidemic 3 week age.

Feed proportioning is by weight:

The feed of young peacock, corn 40 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, 6 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 14 parts, 13 parts, highland barley, 27 parts, mineral matter, salt 0.3 part, bone meal 2 parts, 2 parts, yeast;

The feed of growing chickens peacock before June, corn 45 parts, 5 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 18 parts, pea 3 parts, fish meal 8 parts, bone meal 4 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, 3 parts, yeast, salt 0.5 part, conch meal 0.5 part;

The feed of the young peacock before 22 monthly ages, corn 38 parts, highland barley flour 10 parts, 4.6 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 3 parts, dregs of beans 21 parts, peameal 8 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 3 parts, yeast, bone meal 1 part, conch meal 1 part, salt 0.4 part;

The feed of adult peacock, corn 60 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, dregs of beans 18 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 3 parts, yeast, conch meal 2 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Laying period peacock feed, corn 45 parts, soya-bean cake 16 parts, soybean 10 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, bone meal 5 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Plant the feed of peacock, corn 48 parts, wholemeal 5 parts, 5 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 2 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, soybean meal 5 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 2 parts, yeast, bone meal 2 parts, conch meal 2.5 parts, salt 0.5 part.

Specifically, Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method, comprises the following steps:

1, utilize " hybridization technique ", improve the adaptive capacity to environment of Radix notoginseng

Under the technical support of Livestock Research and Veterinary Academy of Qinghai Prov., my company selects the kind sparrow with good gene to carry out first time hybridization respectively in southwest and the Northeast, obtain A kind sparrow.Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and southwest to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain B kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and the Northeast to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain C kind sparrow.Select excellent B kind sparrow and C kind sparrow to carry out third time again to hybridize, obtain D type Radix notoginseng.Not only build is thick and strong to hybridize through three times the D type Radix notoginseng obtained, and feather is vivid, delicious meat, and growing environment strong adaptability.

2, simulate and improve production environment, improving kind of a sparrow fertilization rate

In subject study process, according to the practical experience of coastal area, we simulate their environment of hatching and production environment, in conjunction with geography and the climatic environmental factor in Qinghai, Radix notoginseng incubation temperature and humidity have been carried out suitable adjustment respectively.Consider that Qinghai Area mean temperature of air is low, the temperature difference is large sooner or later, dry, the actual conditions that water evaporates is fast, and seminar improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C incubation temperature, and relative moisture improves 3%-5%; Brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.And by improving production environment, comprising and guaranteeing that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increases kind of the method such as sparrow feed intake and amount of drinking water, improves kind of a sparrow fertilization rate.

3, the special Radix notoginseng hatch machine in high altitude localities is devised

The hatch machine utilizing market general carries out artificial incubation Radix notoginseng in Qinghai Area, its incubation rate only has 40%-50%, seminar member makes improvements by repeatedly testing, super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content monitor are installed in hatch machine is wet in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, and the size of incubation plate by peacock egg has been changed a social system.Hatch machine volume after improvement is 1200 × 85 × 1300mm (length), oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 40 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 2.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%, and comparatively Part of Qinghai Plateau oxygen content in air improves 35%-40%.This hatch machine can hatch 756 pieces of peacock eggs simultaneously.

4, Radix notoginseng artificial incubation technique flow process has been worked out

(1) egg is selected

Select to be of moderate size, egg type is normal, smooth surface cleans, without the kind egg of wrinkle, slight crack, stain.The storage temperature of planting egg is 18 DEG C, relative moisture 70%-80%, well-ventilated, and the holding time is no more than 5 days, carries out disinfection during hatching, soaks 10-20 minute with 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate.Also can sterilize with formalin potassium permanganate fumigating system.

(2) hatch

1. hatching built-in temperature is 37 DEG C-37.5 DEG C.Hatching indoor temperature maintains 24 DEG C-27 DEG C, and hatching phase temperature declines 0.5 DEG C.

2. in hatch machine, relative moisture maintains 65%-70%, and the hatching phase adopts 75%, and hatching house's relative moisture keeps 65%-70%.

3. hatch early stage, every half an hour to 1 hour egg-turning 1 time, the 2nd week 1 hour-2 hours egg-turnings 1 time, turn over 1 egg in later every 3 hours.Hatching stops egg-turning after rule in first 3 days.

4. general not overtemperature can not cooling egg, and every day middle and later periods can cooling egg 15 minutes-20 minutes, dries in the air to when 30 DEG C.

5, the Radix notoginseng having worked out specification propagates flow process artificially

(1) cultivation base environmental selection

1. geographical position

Cultivation base requires away from city and residential block, and from main roads at least 1500 meters, green percentage is high, with fresh air, and to plant and to cultivate, cultivation base surrounding is polluted without Industrial " three Waste ".

2. land resources

Cultivation base In The Soils is springy land.Select the smooth or slightly gradient, sunny, high-land, draining is good, beautiful environment, quiet, the place that do not have infected disease and parasite to pollute, paving sandy loam in place.

3. water resource

Cultivation base underground water, has enough water surface areas and drinking water source, and the sanitary of water sources ensured.

4. climatic resources

Indoor air temperature is not higher than 28 degrees Celsius.

(2) breeding technology requirement

1. requirement is raised

Feed lot must meet the hygienic requirements of " poultry-farm's sanitary condition ", and place is rationally distributed, and production area strictly separates with living area.

A, temperature

1-3 age in days temperature remain on 33 DEG C about-37 DEG C, reduce gradually later.Principle is " seeing that bird executes temperature ", namely judges whether temperature is suitable for according to the mental status of young peacock and distribution situation.

If the young peacock stow away from heat of a, have the fidgets, open one's mouth to breathe, then show that temperature is too high.

If the young peacock of b is near thermal source, lassitude is crowded together or beats heap, then show that temperature is too low.

If the young peacock of c is evenly distributed, activity freely, spirit is good, then show proper temperature.

D, winter will implement peacock house Insulation, suitably increase heat-insulation layer, and peacock house ground paving hay, to keep peacock body temperature at night.

B, humidity

1-7 age in days, in order to prevent young peacock from dewatering, relative moisture should remain on about 65-70%, should keep dry later.

C, illumination

The illumination of 1-7 age in days is 24 hours, and the adolescence adopts natural lighting, and peacock of laying eggs is constant is 17 hours.

D, ventilation

Fresh air is very important to growing of young peacock.The temperature of peacock is high, metabolism is vigorous.A large amount of carbonic acid gas is discharged during breathing; In addition, the ight soil that peacock is discharged and bedding and padding, under uniform temperature, moisture condition, through microbial decomposition, can produce a large amount of pernicious gas-ammonias and stink damp, if do not take effective venting practice, peacock house pernicious gas will have a strong impact on its healthy and growth rate.Therefore, egg peacock house will take suitable venting practice.According to outside air temperature, egg peacock body weight and age in week and the interior epidemic disaster of house etc. regulate ventilation number and ventilation.In addition, the draught of the excessive formation of wind speed will also be prevented.

E, density

1-7 days 10 Zhi/㎡; 8-14 days 5 Zhi/㎡; 15 days afterwards every square metre should below 2.

2. drink water and search for food

Water must be the clean water meeting standard for drinking.The principle that young peacock should be adhered to " first feeding after hello water, anhydrous not feeding ".At drinking-water 1-2 hour, get final product feeding.Drinking-water and search for food and should adhere to eating and drinking to one's heart's content, the principle of freely drink water, searching for food, accomplishes to keep not cut off the water supply, fracture, ensure water and feed fresh, clean.Young peacock requires to throw something and feed the feed of high-energy, high protein.Peacock growth cycle is long, use be that the full nutrition of high-quality coordinates particulate material, carnivorous nibs sparrow peacock feed consumption in whole vegetative period every about 30 kilograms, material type has three kinds, i.e. little peacock material, Malachite material and become peacock material.Every 1000 peacock full phases consume about 2000 jin, little peacock material, vegetables 4000 jin altogether; About 8000 jin, Malachite material, vegetables 10000 jin; Become about 12000 jin, chicken material, vegetables 24000 jin.Ensure the mode of enough material level free choice feedings.When using charging basket, the doses in bucket is no more than 1/2 of its capacity.This contributes to ensureing that feed is fresh.Remove the bedding and padding in feed device every day, reduce pollution when searching for food.

3. administration of health

Do sanitation and hygiene well, keep house inner drying.Along with young peacock age in days increases, excreta is on the increase, and peacock house is very easily moist, filthy, and this environment can make young peacock fine hair bedew, make dirty, and is conducive to pathogenic microorganism breeding, must clean up in time, and duty changes pad grass, keeps house inner drying to clean.

4. brood time is raised

Brood time is 0-70 age in days (more coastal be about 10 days).Pavo Praecoces, just can peck at after going out shell.Carry out cage is brooded, pouity dwelling place temperature during 1-3 age in days reaches 33 DEG C-37 DEG C, and later every day reduces by 0.3 DEG C, until de-temperature during 35-40 age in days.First begin to drink with multivitamin water or 0.02% potassium permanganate water before young sparrow opens food, then feeding chickling material (requiring more than 22.5% containing crude protein) and yellow mealworm.Period well-off drinking-water, suitably add vitamin b complex solution in drinking-water.Every day sweeps assanation, carries out regular sterilization, regularly expelling parasite and anti-beast, protection against rodents work.Can progressively allow peacock arrive outdoor activity after 40 ages in days, make it slowly adapt to extraneous environment, weather, temperature etc.Growing of children peacock enters rapid growth stage from 10 ages in days, should increase feed of animal origin and various trace element, its growth short.After 31 ages in days, every day feeds 2-3 time.Maize pulp, Chinese sorghum, yellow mealworm, bread worm etc. are suitably added in feed.The content of ripe egg in feed gradually reduces.

5. finishing period is raised

Finishing period is before 71 ages in days are extremely grown up.Peacock turns people and is bred as column home raising to 70 ages in days from breeding cage, density is every 30m ²8-10 only.Feed can be loaded onto with two animal feeds buckets the feed that middle chicken material and corn, pea, vegetables etc. are combined into respectively and feed, and adds 3% intestines fish meal, load onto health-care sand simultaneously put people's column home with basin in middle chicken material.Feed every day 2 times, supply 2 green forages simultaneously.

6. the manhood raises

Laying period, should note environment quiet, reduce various stress, lay eggs and mating in order to avoid affect peacock.Planting the female ratio of heroes is 1:3-4.Should increase feed of animal origin and insect between laying period, trace element is calcium, phosphorus particularly, vitamin, meets kind of a peacock need of production.Can increase during autumn molt and feed fructus cannabis (accounting for 10% of diet) etc.In house, corner costs nest, puts mollugo, is beneficial to lay eggs.

7. sparrow feeding and management is planted

Each column home raises one group of group that lays eggs, and often group is laid eggs group 6, and male and female compares 1:5.People 2 male sparrows can not be put, in case male sparrow is fought and affects laying rate and fertilization rate in same hurdle simultaneously.

8. the feeding and management of breeding period

The seasonality of peacock breeding is very strong, and Part of Qinghai Plateau is laid eggs 4-8 month in season every year.Part of Qinghai Plateau peacock sexual maturing period is the 24-28 monthly age, more late than coastal area 2-3 month, utilization periods 5 years, 30 pieces/only left and right of laying eggs in year.Before peacock enters people mating season, carry out population combination.Seed selection should select the healthy bird that plumage look good, pin strong, toe is not curved, notes avoiding inbreeding simultaneously.

Breeding period, the feature of peacock is grown rapidly, and mobility is very strong, can eat and can sleep, and feeding habits are very wide, need to give more rich nutriment.

The management main points of breeding period:

A, to reload.Young peacock after chicken group shakes down, carry out work of reloading after proceeding to into peacock house from house of brooding, and reloading, it is unsuitable anxious to delay, and generally uses 2-3 days time young peacock material changed into Malachite material or became peacock material.

B, duty change bedding and padding, keep peacock house dry.

C, keep peacock house environment quiet, minimizing stress, prevent frightened group.

D, carry out sterilization and protection against rodents work

6, the warming fowl canopy transformation of experimental group

Experimental group is brooded to give up and be bred as to give up and is separately added heat-insulation layer (thickness is the color steel warming plate of 10cm), and fence is brandreth arc, and fowl frame, fence separately add rain cover and heat insulating cloth, frame lower berth hay, reaches the effect that maintenance in winter is warm, summer keeps dry.

(3) epidemic prevention requires and disease medication

1. to prevent epidemic requirement

A, should to introduce from the reliable anosis kind of peacock field of provenance, select physically fit, that premunition is strong improved seeds, reduce disease incident.

B, do feeding and management and sanitation and hygiene well, this is prophylactic basic measures.Adhere to correct raising, appropriate management, peacock group normal growth is grown, physique is healthy and strong, just can build up one's resistance to disease, implement the policy of " putting prevention first ".

A, rationally to feed clean drinking-water.According to the needs of peacock different phase, fully meet the demand of nutriment, forbidden feeding moldy metamorphism feed.Drinking water will clean, and the smelly water of sewage must not be drunk.

B, creation adapt circumstance condition, the layout of peacock house and structure are wanted rationally, will maintain a certain distance between house, to reduce the chance that epidemic disease is propagated.Well-ventilated wanted by peacock house, and temperature, humidity are suitable, peacock be kept to give up clean.The peacock group of different cultivars and all ages and classes will separately raise, and carries out " all in all out " system, with immunological disease cross-infection.

C, do assanation well, remove peacock house rubbish heap around and foreign material heap, increase and put the anti-mousetrap, mouse blocking plate, go up wire net and sky net all around at peacock house, prevent mouse, worm enters.Thus reduce it to the infringement of feed and transmission of disease.

D, to pay attention to personal hygiene, staff marches into the arena will change footwear, wash one's hands, Migrant women must not enter peacock house without permission without authorization, and staff and apparatus will be fixed.

E, forbid that other birds enter peacock house, in case altogether ill generation.

2. regularly sterilize

The object of sterilization kills pathogene, cuts off route of transmission, prevent the generation of disease and spread.

A, enter the personnel of production area, peacock field, will take off without exception, deposit private shoes and hats and inside and outside clothes, through shower, interior work clothes of substituting in, then allows to enter production area.The work clothes, cap etc. dressed in production area must not pass production area.Work clothes will wash weekly, then high-temperature sterilization once.

B, sparrow house every 2 weeks with 1% limewash spray 3 times, often criticize peacock raising terminate after, to thoroughly eliminate peafowl faeces and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant.

3. Chinese medicine bag for preventing infectious disease

Although the premunition of peacock is very strong, or according to rational immune programme for children, should start Chinese herbal medicine epidemic preventing working in good time, to strengthen the immunity of peacock body, the generation kept off infection.According to the feature of peacock growth cycle, Chinese herbal feed additive should be brought into use 3 week age.

7, feed formula is innovated

(1) concentrated feed kind

The feed resource of peacock is extensive, but appetite is less, thus requires that feed nutrient is comprehensive, and the general peacock day flow vector of growing up is 100-150 gram, can meet body requirement.

1. protein feeds: vegetable feed has dregs of beans, peameal, sesame-send cake, colza cake and sunflower seed cake etc., these feeds, containing protein 35%-50%, can account for about 30% of feed total amount.Feed of animal origin has fish meal, egg, animal tankage, silkworm chrysalis, feather meal, blood meal etc., containing protein 40%-80%, can account for the 20%-25% of feed total amount.

2. energy feed: comprise corn, wheat, highland barley and paddy, wherein energy content be about 13.0 million burnt/kilogram, bran fodder energy is low, capacity large, and is rich in raw fiber, is just meeting the nutritional need of peacock.So 5% of feed total amount can be accounted for as wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran, Chinese sorghum chaff etc.

3. mineral feeds: conch meal, zeolite powder, bone meal and salt etc. are that peacock grows indispensable required material equally, can account for 2% of feed total amount.

(2) concentrated feed formula

1. the feed formula of young peacock: corn 40%, dregs of beans 20%, wheat bran 6%, fish meal 14%, highland barley 13%, mineral matter 27%, salt 0.3%, bone meal 2%, yeast 2%.The crude protein content of daily ration is 22.6%, metabolic energy be 11.9 million burnt/kilogram.This material is used for the peacock before 50 ages in days.

2. the feed formula of growing chickens peacock: corn 45%, highland barley 5%, dregs of beans 18%, pea 3%, fish meal 8%, bone meal 4%, wheat bran 10%, yeast 3%, salt 0.5%, conch meal 0.5%.This material is used for the growing chickens before 6 monthly ages.

3. young peacock feed formula: corn 38%, highland barley flour 10%, wheat bran 4.6%, Chinese sorghum 3%, dregs of beans 21%, peameal 8%, fish meal 10%, yeast 3%, bone meal 1%, conch meal 1%, salt 0.4%.This material is used for the young peacock before 22 monthly ages.

4. peacock feed formula is bred as: corn 60%, wheat bran 8.5%, dregs of beans 18%, fish meal 8%, yeast 3%, conch meal 2%, salt 0.5%.This material is used for the peacock that grows up.

5. peacock feed was filled a prescription: corn 45%, soya-bean cake 16%, soybean 10%, fish meal 10%, wheat bran 8.5%, bone meal 5%, salt 0.5% laying period.This material is used for laying period peacock.

6. the feed formula of peacock is planted: corn 48%, wholemeal 5%, wheat bran 5%, Chinese sorghum 2%, dregs of beans 20%, soybean meal 5%, fish meal 8%, yeast 2% bone meal 2%, conch meal 2.5%, salt 0.5%.This material is used for kind of a peacock.

(3) roughage

Comprise the green forages such as green vegetables, edible wild herbs, herbage, leaf, the 55%-70% of feed total amount can be accounted for.

(4) additive

Comprise amino acid, mineral matter, multivitamin etc., increase and decrease should be considered according to the difference situation of raising of the difference raising stage of peacock and peacock group.

1, artificial incubation rate and strong young rate result contrast

In June, 2009, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 20 pieces, Radix notoginseng egg, and wherein control group (first group) utilizes the various hatching technique parameter in the low altitude area of document record to comprise temperature, humidity etc. to carry out Radix notoginseng hatching; Experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) is according to Part of Qinghai Plateau weather and geographical environment, various hatching technique parameter is comprised temperature, humidity etc. done suitable adjustment and carry out Radix notoginseng hatching, its artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison as shown in table 1::

Table 1:2009 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2010, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces, Radix notoginseng egg, repeat artificial incubation in 2009 experiment, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 2 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 2:2010 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2011, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces, Radix notoginseng egg, all utilize the various hatching technique parameter of Part of Qinghai Plateau environment to comprise temperature, humidity etc. and carry out Radix notoginseng hatching, wherein oxygen deprivation gas in control group (first group) hatch machine, increase oxygen in experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) hatch machine to hatch, its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 3 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 3:2011 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2012, seminar repeats the experiment of 2010, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 4 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 4:2012 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

Can be found out by table 1 and table 2 twice experimental result, the various parameters indiscriminately imitating coastal area in high altitude localities carry out artificial Radix notoginseng hatching, and its incubation rate is minimum, only has about 50%.Table 3 and table 4 twice experimental result are comprehensively contrasted, and experimental group is 18-20 DEG C in room temperature, and incubation temperature is 37-37.5 DEG C, relative moisture is 65-70%, and when increasing oxygen in hatch machine, Radix notoginseng hatching is more, incubation rate is higher, can reach more than 85%; Strong young rate can reach more than 80%.

2, the contrast of survival rate result is cultivated

1. in December ,-2010 in August, 2009, seminar researcher at twice, each three groups Radix notoginseng is brooded repeat experiment, wherein control group (first group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is carry out experiment of brooding in 30 days; Experimental group (second group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is 40 days, and experimental group (the 3rd group) is brooded indoor increasing oxygen, and the de-temperature time is test for 40 days, and Brooding Viability results of comparison is as shown in table 5, table 6:

Table 5:2009 Brooding Viability results of comparison

Table 6:2010 Brooding Viability results of comparison

The results show, de-warm number of days is 40 days, and brood time is 70 days, and in indoor increasing oxygen of brooding, young peacock physique is better, and more easily adapt to high altitude environment and weather, Brooding Viability is higher, can reach about 90%.

2. 2010-2012, researcher carries out the cultivation of common fowl canopy to Radix notoginseng at twice and the cultivation of warming fowl canopy finishing period repeats experiment, and experiment contrast result is as shown in table 7, table 8:

Table 7:2011 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

Table 8:2012 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

His-and-hers watches 7 and table 8 carry out global alignment and can find out, adopt warming fowl canopy to cultivate, Radix notoginseng survival rate can reach more than 90%, apparently higher than common fowl canopy cultivation survival rate.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art; under the premise of not departing from the present invention; the some improvement can also made the present invention and supplement, these improve and supplement, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

S1 utilizes " hybridization technique ", obtains early stage young Radix notoginseng;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a Radix notoginseng fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, Radix notoginseng incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantee that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduces cultivation density, increase kind of Radix notoginseng feed intake and amount of drinking water, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The Radix notoginseng hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out Radix notoginseng artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

S401 selects egg, select to be of moderate size, egg type is normal, smooth surface cleans, without the kind egg of wrinkle, slight crack, stain, the storage temperature of planting egg is 18 DEG C, relative moisture 70%-80%, well-ventilated, holding time is no more than 5 days, carries out disinfection during hatching, soaks 10-20 minute with 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate;

S402 is hatched, and hatching built-in temperature is 37 DEG C-37.5 DEG C; Hatching indoor temperature maintains 24 DEG C-27 DEG C, and hatching phase temperature declines 0.5 DEG C, and in hatch machine, relative moisture maintains 65%-70%, and the hatching phase adopts 75%, and hatching house's relative moisture keeps 65%-70%; Hatching early stage, every half an hour to 1 hour egg-turning 1 time, the 2nd week 1 hour-2 hours egg-turnings 1 time, turn over 1 egg in later every 3 hours; Hatching stops egg-turning after rule in first 3 days;

S5 works out the Radix notoginseng artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and select suitable growing environment, indoor air temperature is not higher than 28 DEG C;

S502 environmental Kuznets Curves, 1-7 age in days, in order to prevent young peacock from dewatering, relative moisture should remain on 65-70%, keeps dry later; The illumination of 1-7 age in days is 24 hours, and the adolescence adopts natural lighting, and peacock of laying eggs is constant is 17 hours; Cultivation density is controlled according to the Radix notoginseng age;

S503 nestling is raised, and brood time is 0-70 age in days; Pavo Praecoces, just can peck at after going out shell, carries out cage is brooded, and pouity dwelling place temperature during 1-3 age in days is 33 DEG C-37 DEG C, and later every day reduces by 0.3 DEG C, until de-temperature during 35-40 age in days; First begin to drink with multivitamin water or 0.02% potassium permanganate water before young sparrow opens food, then feeding chickling material and yellow mealworm; Period well-off drinking-water, suitably add vitamin b complex solution in drinking-water; Progressively allow peacock arrive outdoor activity after 40 ages in days, make it slowly adapt to extraneous environment, weather, temperature; Growing of children peacock increases feed of animal origin and various trace element from 10 ages in days, its growth short; After 31 ages in days, every day feeds 2-3 time; Maize pulp, Chinese sorghum, yellow mealworm, bread worm etc. are suitably added in feed; The content of ripe egg in feed gradually reduces;

S504 finishing period is raised, and 70 ages in days turn people from breeding cage and are bred as column home raising, and density is every 30m ²8-10 only; Feed is the feed that chicken material and corn, pea, vegetables etc. are combined into, and add the intestines fish meal of percentage by weight 3% in middle chicken material, load onto health-care sand with basin puts people's column home simultaneously, feeds every day 2 times, supplies 2 green forages simultaneously;

S505 laying period of growing up, raises, and planting heroes female ratio is 1:3-4; Feed of animal origin and insect, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin is increased between laying period; Increase during autumn molt to feed and account for the fructus cannabis of feed relative than 10%; In house, corner costs nest, puts mollugo, is beneficial to lay eggs;

The feeding and management of S506 kind sparrow, each column home raises one group of group that lays eggs, and often group is laid eggs group 6, and male and female compares 1:5;

The raising of S507 breeding period:

Reload, young peacock after chicken group shakes down, carry out work of reloading after proceeding to into peacock house from house of brooding, and changes young peacock material into Malachite material or one-tenth peacock material with 2-3 days time;

Duty changes bedding and padding, keeps peacock house dry;

Keep peacock house environment quiet, minimizing stress, prevent frightened group;

S508 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

2. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete mode of described step S1 is: select in southwest and the Northeast the kind sparrow with good gene to carry out first time hybridization respectively, obtain A kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and southwest to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain B kind sparrow; Select the good species sparrow of excellent A kind sparrow and the Northeast to carry out second time to hybridize, obtain C kind sparrow; Select excellent B kind sparrow and C kind sparrow to carry out third time again to hybridize, obtain D type Radix notoginseng.

3. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

4. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

5. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, hatches cooling egg 15 minutes-20 minutes every day middle and later periods, dry in the air to when 30 DEG C in described step S402.

6. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, controls cultivation density be specially 1-7 days 10 Zhi/㎡ in described step S502 according to the Radix notoginseng age; 8-14 days 5 Zhi/㎡; 15 days every square metre less than 2 afterwards.

7. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S508 regularly sterilization for sparrow give up every 2 weeks with 1% limewash spray 3 times, often criticize peacock raise terminate after, thorough elimination peafowl faeces and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant; Epidemic prevention is for bring into use Chinese herbal feed additive to prevent epidemic 3 week age.

8. Radix notoginseng artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described feed proportioning is by weight:

The feed of young peacock, corn 40 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, 6 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 14 parts, 13 parts, highland barley, 27 parts, mineral matter, salt 0.3 part, bone meal 2 parts, 2 parts, yeast;

The feed of growing chickens peacock before June, corn 45 parts, 5 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 18 parts, pea 3 parts, fish meal 8 parts, bone meal 4 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, 3 parts, yeast, salt 0.5 part, conch meal 0.5 part;

The feed of the young peacock before 22 monthly ages, corn 38 parts, highland barley flour 10 parts, 4.6 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 3 parts, dregs of beans 21 parts, peameal 8 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 3 parts, yeast, bone meal 1 part, conch meal 1 part, salt 0.4 part;

The feed of adult peacock, corn 60 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, dregs of beans 18 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 3 parts, yeast, conch meal 2 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Laying period peacock feed, corn 45 parts, soya-bean cake 16 parts, soybean 10 parts, fish meal 10 parts, 8.5 parts, wheat bran, bone meal 5 parts, salt 0.5 part;

Plant the feed of peacock, corn 48 parts, wholemeal 5 parts, 5 parts, wheat bran, Chinese sorghum 2 parts, dregs of beans 20 parts, soybean meal 5 parts, fish meal 8 parts, 2 parts, yeast, bone meal 2 parts, conch meal 2.5 parts, salt 0.5 part.