CN105075969B - Blue gene artificial culturing method under high altitude environment - Google Patents

Abstract

Type of the present invention is related to blue gene artificial breeding method, includes the following steps：Using family chicken " generation incubates technology ", the adaptive capacity to environment of purplish blue eared pheasant is improved；Simulation and improvement production environment, improve kind of a blue gene rate of fertilization；Devise special blue gene hatch machine；Blue gene artificial incubation technique flow is worked out；The blue gene artificial culture technology flow of specification is worked out；Feed formula is innovated, the present invention solves the problems, such as low in blue gene artificial breeding hatching rate and survival rate.

Description

Blue gene artificial culturing method under high altitude environment

Technical field

Type of the present invention is related to blue gene artificial breeding method, blue gene artificial breeding method specially under high altitude environment.

Background technology

Blue gene is rare rare birds, national second-level protected animal.Its feather is beautiful, can be used as decoration, very by The favor of international market.Its rostral is bright red, and auricular cluster white protrudes from neck top, entire body pewter, intermedia speciality and It tilts.Tail feathers hangs down loosely sagging such as horse hair, therefore named blue gene.

Blue gene is large fowl class.About 90 centimetres of overall length.Glittering pewter feather is worn, as wearing a magnificent silk Suede overcoat.Mouth and rostral are in blush, especially eye-catching, auricular cluster be it is white, it is prominent to rear ramp, just like enclosed round snow-white Towel has gently been plunderred by gentle breeze, and long intermedia is upturned, and soft fine and closely woven ramus hangs down loosely, just as horsetail one Sample.Blue gene is liked living in high mountain cold district, inhabits dense dragon spruce, the oak forest of higher 2000-3000 meters of height above sea level It is interior, between Pentaclethra macrophylla, wintersweet bushes, after autumn as snow line moves down, and adjourn the mountain valley of water or open retama bushland.

The more cluster activities of pheasant class bird, and the cluster of blue gene is especially grand huge, often groups tie in multiple families tens It is active in pine tree and cuckoo spinney.The huge cluster of eared pheasant is different with the huge cluster activity of numerous finch birds：It It is poly- when not being when dissipate, nor numerous and disorderly without rabble first, that hearsay four is scattered, their cluster has head commander, phase of taking action Work as rule, there is fixed roosting site and looks for food, sand-bath place.

Annual late March, the gradual mountain jumpbogroup of blue gene are divided into groupuscule；Start to match at the beginning of 4 months.Cock is matched to strive during this Fierce fight occasionally can be carried out.It never leaves each other after male and female pairing, builds a nest mostly between dense bushes or slightly concave place, nest are in disk Shape, it is extremely simple and crude.It is generally constituted with leaf, branch, cogongrass, moss, the inside is lined with feather, snugly.It lays eggs May, Per 5-13 pieces of nest, ovum is oval, light greenish blue or light brown, micro- tool brown spot, weighs about 45-58 grams, hen hatches ovum, male Bird is movable around, 26 days or so incubation period.Nestling Growth is rapid, 4 months birdling builds with it is similar at bird, spring next year is It can lay eggs.It breeds between 4~June, lives in pairs during this.It lays eggs on the ground covered under grove, per 6~12 pieces of nest, ash is brown Color or light greenish blue.There is light brown spot.26~27 days incubation periods this kinds of is completed captive breeding base in Gansu.

Blue gene is special product of China, is the birds of high mountain cold district, and only production is resided at throughout the year in China in northeastern Qinghai And east, the Northwestern Gansu Qilian mountains one with and south, Helan Mountain in Ningxia and Northern Sichuan Province.

Invention content

The present invention's is to provide blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, solves blue gene under high altitude environment Can not artificial breeding the shortcomings that.

To achieve the above object, the invention discloses following technical solutions：

Blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, includes the following steps：

S1 obtains the young blue gene of early stage using family chicken " generation incubates technology "；

S2 simulates and improves production environment, and improving kind of a blue gene rate of fertilization will be blue according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities Eared pheasant incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity number are adjusted respectively, and ensure that place is dried, and cultivation temperature is relaxed It is suitable, cultivation density is reduced, kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water are increased, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1：1 improves kind of a bird Rate of fertilization；

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specializeds increases super in the temperature automatically controlled wet hatch machine of control of existing micro computer It is mute to give oxygen pump, oxygen content detector, and improve the size of incubation plate；

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow, including：

The collection and storage of S401 hatching eggs, hatching egg must be from excellent, healthy flocks of birds, when selecting hatching egg, first by shell The hatching egg that egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, and to store 24 hours or more, protect to the hatching egg of rigid output The temperature deposited is 13-15 DEG C, and the relatively suitable humidity for preserving hatching egg is 65%-70%, notices that the ventilation of storeroom, hatching egg preserve When, it should stir daily 1 time greatly upside down；

S402 carries out the disinfecting of hatching egg；

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature is hatched at 18-25 DEG C using constant temperature method, and hatching egg can be by large, medium and small Or three class of heavy, medium and light, extension set hatching is carried out, to improve hatching rate and rate of healthy chick；

S404 hatching managements, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum it is big head-up, distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously Record, cannot mix and incubate；Egg-turning is wanted in hatching process, primary every 2 hours egg-turnings, egg-turning angle is 90 ° -100 °；

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow of specification, including：

S501 breeding environments select, and select suitable growing environment, subfield raising are carried out in feed lot, and set on every column Set shading shed；

S502 nestlings are raised, and nestling opens food behind initial 2-3 days, open food feeding brood time concentrated feed, not by finger It is disconnected to flog rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, nestling nature feeding；In 4-6 days concentrated feeds Increase vegetables, vitamin is added in drinking-water；

S503 builds the fowl canopy being adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, carries out sand-bath suitable for it, and will be often to fowl Canopy cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene；

It is raised in S504, at bird, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, is changed to finishing period concentrated feed, incubation is transitioned into from brood time Phase carries out feed and more changes jobs, and still feeds brood time concentrated feed within the 1st week after specially de- temperature, second week is raised with 2/3 brood time essence Material plus 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed on the 3rd week with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, all with educating from 4th week At phase concentrated feed；And with the increase of blue gene age in days, coarse-fibred ability is absorbed and utilized and gradually increases, make its feeding dark green Feed limits the scale of feeding of concentrate mixture；

S505 regularly sterilize and prevent epidemic；

S6 is bred as harvesting.

Further, the concrete mode of the step S1 is：

Kind blue gene of the S101 selections with good gene is laid eggs, and family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous production three generations is utilized Blue gene；

S102 is individually put the young blue gene of acquisition in a suitable place to breed, reduce blue gene between accusing each other, make its disposition compared with Wild blue gene more heater element.

Further, when putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed in the S102, cultivation density ensures as 1 young every 6 square metres of blue gene.

Further, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C -1 DEG C in the step S2, and hatching relative humidity improves 3%-5%, educates Young temperature improves 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, and relative humidity of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Further, improved incubation plate volume is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm in the step S3, gives oxygen pump noise No more than 45 decibels, go out oxygen amount for 3.0L/min, oxygen content in air is maintained at 21%-22% in hatch machine.

Further, if storage life is more than 7 days in the step S401, needing, which reduces temperature, preserves.

Further, the concrete mode of the disinfecting of the step S402 hatching eggs is to wipe ovum storage with thimerosal in every 2 days Room floor is primary, and every 2 weeks, cleaning comprehensively, disinfection were used in combination formalin solution to be fumigated, and after blue gene oviposition, ovum is sent into Hatching house sterilizes, and every cubic metre of disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g are fumigated 30 minutes, entered before incubating, with temperature The disinfectant that degree does not exceed 40 DEG C impregnates 20-30 minutes, and then drying hatching egg with the dry gauze sterilized can enter to incubate, and enter to incubate Hatching house floor is primary with disinfectant mopping every 2 days afterwards, and wall, ceiling are sprayed once per two weeks with disinfectant, one It carries out the moon cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, hatch machine is inside and outside and surface is wiped one time with disinfectant, and formal is used in combination Woods fumigation.

Further, incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days in the step S403, and incubation temperature is controlled at 39 DEG C, Hatch humid control in 65%-70%；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature is controlled at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatches humid control 65%, enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature is controlled at 36 DEG C -37 DEG C, and hatching humid control is 60%；It is transferred to young-generating machine Humidity opposite should improve, and be 60%-65%, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, especially Its later stage heat production is more, and cooling egg, cooling egg time is needed to enter to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minutes；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minutes； Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minutes.

Further, there is the drinking-water of nestling color, such nestling can actively drink water in the step S502.

Further, the proportioning of the concentrated feed by weight is：

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestlings, 56 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 12 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 1.8 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 0.8 part of oyster shell whiting, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.4 part of methionine, lysine 0.4 part, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

In the finishing period concentrated feed of the 3 monthly ages above nestling, 46 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of wheat bran, fish meal 4 Part, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of oyster shell whiting, 2.5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of methionine, bad ammonia 0.2 part of acid, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

Laying period concentrated feed, 54 parts of corn, 9 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of oyster shell whiting, 3.3 parts of bone meal, 0.25 part of methionine, 0.25 part of lysine, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element.

It is to hatch associated technical parameters naturally with blue gene as reference that the present invention, which researches and develops theory innovation, breaks through domestic at present The research category that experimental artificial incubation cultivates blue gene is carried out in smallest number, a small range, using in 3000 meters or so of height above sea level Area carries out the experiment and research of artificial incubation cultivation blue gene, and artificial incubation rate is increased to 80% or more, cultivation at Motility rate is increased to 90% or more.

Specific implementation mode

Blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, includes the following steps：

S1 obtains the young blue gene of early stage using family chicken " generation incubates technology "：

Kind blue gene of the S101 selections with good gene is laid eggs, and family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous production three generations is utilized Blue gene；

S102 is individually put the young blue gene of acquisition in a suitable place to breed, reduce blue gene between accusing each other, make its disposition compared with Wild blue gene more heater element.

S2 simulates and improves production environment, and improving kind of a blue gene rate of fertilization will be blue according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities Eared pheasant incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and ensure that place is dried, and cultivate temperature Comfortably, cultivation density is reduced, kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water are increased, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1：1, improve kind Bird rate of fertilization；

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specializeds increases super in the temperature automatically controlled wet hatch machine of control of existing micro computer It is mute to give oxygen pump, oxygen content detector, and improve the size of incubation plate；

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow, including：

The collection and storage of S401 hatching eggs, hatching egg must be from excellent, healthy flocks of birds, when selecting hatching egg, first by shell The hatching egg that egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, and to store 24 hours or more, protect to the hatching egg of rigid output The temperature deposited is 13-15 DEG C, and the relatively suitable humidity for preserving hatching egg is 65%-70%, notices that the ventilation of storeroom, hatching egg preserve When, it should stir daily 1 time greatly upside down；

S402 carries out the disinfecting of hatching egg；

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature is hatched at 18-25 DEG C using constant temperature method, and hatching egg can be by large, medium and small Or three class of heavy, medium and light, extension set hatching is carried out, to improve hatching rate and rate of healthy chick；

S404 hatching managements, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum it is big head-up, distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously Record, cannot mix and incubate；Egg-turning is wanted in hatching process, primary every 2 hours egg-turnings, egg-turning angle is 90 ° -100 °；

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow of specification, including：

S501 breeding environments select, and select suitable growing environment, subfield raising are carried out in feed lot, and set on every column Set shading shed；

S502 nestlings are raised, and nestling opens food behind initial 2-3 days, open food feeding brood time concentrated feed, not by finger It is disconnected to flog rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, nestling nature feeding；In 4-6 days concentrated feeds Increase vegetables, vitamin is added in drinking-water；

S503 builds the fowl canopy being adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, carries out sand-bath suitable for it, and will be often to fowl Canopy cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene；

It is raised in S504, at bird, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, is changed to finishing period concentrated feed, incubation is transitioned into from brood time Phase carries out feed and more changes jobs, and still feeds brood time concentrated feed within the 1st week after specially de- temperature, second week is raised with 2/3 brood time essence Material plus 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed on the 3rd week with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, all with educating from 4th week At phase concentrated feed；And with the increase of blue gene age in days, coarse-fibred ability is absorbed and utilized and gradually increases, make its feeding dark green Feed limits the scale of feeding of concentrate mixture；

S505 regularly sterilize and prevent epidemic；

S6 is bred as harvesting.

In the present invention, when putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed in the S102, cultivation density ensures as 1 young every 6 square metres of blue gene.

Incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C -1 DEG C in step S2, and hatching relative humidity improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, relative humidity of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Improved incubation plate volume is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm in step S3, is no more than 45 decibels to oxygen pump noise, Go out oxygen amount for 3.0L/min, oxygen content in air is maintained at 21%-22% in hatch machine.

If storage life is more than 7 days in step S401, needing, which reduces temperature, preserves.

The concrete mode of the disinfecting of step S402 hatching eggs is every 2 days primary with thimerosal wiping ovum storeroom floor, every 2 All cleanings comprehensively, disinfection are used in combination formalin solution to be fumigated, and after blue gene oviposition, ovum is sent into hatching house's disinfection, disinfection Every cubic metre of agent formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, fumigate 30 minutes, enter before incubating, 40 DEG C are not exceeded with temperature Disinfectant impregnate 20-30 minutes, then drying hatching egg with the dry gauze sterilized can enter to incubate, the hatching houses Ru Fuhou floor every 2 days primary with disinfectant mopping, and wall, ceiling are sprayed once per two weeks with disinfectant, carries out within one month cleaning one comprehensively Secondary, every time before hatching, hatch machine is inside and outside and surface is wiped one time with disinfectant, and formalin fumigation is used in combination.

Incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days in step S403, and incubation temperature is controlled at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control exists 65%-70%；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature is controlled at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, and hatching humid control enters to incubate 25 65% It-go out shell, incubation temperature is controlled at 36 DEG C -37 DEG C, and hatching humid control is 60%；Young-generating machine humidity is transferred to opposite to carry Height, is 60%-65%, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production compared with It is more, need cooling egg, cooling egg time to enter to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minutes；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minutes；Enter to incubate 25 days-go out Shell, 20-30 minutes.

There is the drinking-water of nestling color, such nestling can actively drink water in step S502.

The proportioning of concentrated feed by weight is：

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestlings, 56 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 12 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 1.8 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 0.8 part of oyster shell whiting, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.4 part of methionine, lysine 0.4 part, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

In the finishing period concentrated feed of the 3 monthly ages above nestling, 46 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of wheat bran, fish meal 4 Part, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of oyster shell whiting, 2.5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of methionine, bad ammonia 0.2 part of acid, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

Laying period concentrated feed, 54 parts of corn, 9 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of oyster shell whiting, 3.3 parts of bone meal, 0.25 part of methionine, 0.25 part of lysine, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element.

Specifically, blue gene artificial breeding method includes the following steps：

The first step：Using family chicken " generation incubates technology ", blue gene cultivation survival rate is effectively improved

It selects the kind blue gene with good gene to lay eggs, utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous production three generations indigo plant horse Chicken, and individually being put in a suitable place to breed to young blue gene, henhouse area suitably increases, and general cultivation density is every 6 square metres 1 (the Two, cultivation density can suitably increase after three generations), blue gene can be effectively raised and train, accusing each other between them is reduced, makes it The wilder blue gene of disposition more heater element, and growing environment is adaptable, and cultivation survival rate is high.

Second step：Simulation and improvement production environment, improve kind of a blue gene rate of fertilization

During subject study, according to the practical experience of coastal area, we simulate their environment of hatching and life Production environment respectively fits blue gene incubation temperature and humidity in conjunction with the geography and climatic environmental factor of grown place When adjustment, it is contemplated that Qinghai Area temperature on average is low, and the morning and evening temperature difference is big, dry, the fast actual conditions of moisture evaporation, class Incubation temperature is improved 0.5 DEG C -1 DEG C by topic group, and relative humidity improves 3%-5%；Brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, relative humidity 2%-3% is improved, brood time extends 7-10 days, and by improving production environment, includes ensuring that place is dried, cultivation temperature is relaxed It is suitable, cultivation density is reduced, kind of the methods of a blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water are increased, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1：1, it carries High kind of bird rate of fertilization.

Third walks：Devise special blue gene hatch machine

Using the general hatch machine in market Qinghai Area carry out artificial incubation blue gene, hatching rate less than 50%, I Company technique personnel are made improvements by testing repeatedly, in the temperature automatically controlled wet hatch machine of control of existing micro computer, are mounted with It is super-silent to give oxygen pump, oxygen content monitor, and incubation plate is restructured by the size of ovum, improved hatch machine volume is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm (length) is no more than 45 decibels to oxygen pump noise, goes out oxygen amount for 3.0L/min, in hatch machine Oxygen content in air is maintained at 21%-22%, improves 35%-40% compared with Part of Qinghai Plateau oxygen content in air, which can incubate simultaneously Change 378 pieces of ovum.

4th step：Blue gene artificial incubation technique flow is worked out

(1) collection and storage of hatching egg

Hatching egg must be from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting hatching egg, first by shell egg, arenaceous shell egg, sheetmetal egg and mistake Greatly, hatching egg too small, excessively flat, excessively round, that contaminated area is excessive is chosen, and should not enter to incubate at once to the hatching egg of rigid output, to store 24 Hour or more, but do not exceed 7 days, the temperature of preservation is advisable with 13-15 DEG C, if storage life surpasses 7 days, is needed to reduce temperature, be protected The relatively suitable humidity for depositing hatching egg is 65%-70%, and pays attention to the ventilation of storeroom, should greatly upside down, daily when hatching egg preserves It stirs 1 time.

(2) disinfecting of hatching egg

Wipe within every 2 days that ovum storeroom floor is primary, and cleaning comprehensively, sterilized every 2 weeks with thimerosal, be used in combination formalin solution into Row is stifling, and after blue gene oviposition, poultry raiser will as early as possible sterilize the hatching houses Luan Song, and every cubic metre of disinfectant uses formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g are fumigated 30 minutes, are entered before incubating, and are impregnated 20-30 minutes with disinfectant (temperature does not exceed 40 DEG C), Then drying hatching egg with the dry gauze sterilized can enter to incubate, and hatching house floor is primary with disinfectant mopping every 2 days, wall, Ceiling is primary with disinfectant sprinkling per two weeks, carries out within one month cleaning comprehensively once, every time before hatching, inside and outside hatch machine And surface is wiped one time with disinfectant, and formalin fumigation is used in combination,

(3) incubation condition

The blue gene incubation period was at 30 days or so.Room temperature is at 18-25 DEG C, using constant temperature method, and hatching egg can by it is big or middle, Small or three class of heavy, medium and light carry out extension set hatching, can improve hatching rate and rate of healthy chick.Enter to incubate 1-10 days, incubation temperature control System is at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is in 65%-70%；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature is controlled at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatching Humid control is 65% or so；Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature is controlled at 36 DEG C -37 DEG C, and hatching humid control is 60% Left and right；It is transferred to young-generating machine humidity opposite to improve, usually 60%-65%, later stage humidity is relatively high to cause unfirmly closing shell, extremely Embryo egg increases, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, and carbon dioxide and various pernicious gases should not be exceeded, because This, answers regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production more, it should be noted that cooling egg, cooling egg time enter to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minutes；Enter It incubates 11-24 days, 10-20 minutes；Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minutes.

(4) hatching management

When entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum it is big head-up, distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, cannot mix It incubates；Egg-turning is wanted in hatching process, primary every 2 hours egg-turnings, egg-turning angle is advisable with 90 ° -100 °,

5th step：The blue gene artificial culture technology flow of specification is worked out

(1) cultivation base environmental selection

1. geographical location

Cultivation base is required far from city and residential block, and at least 1500 meters from main roads, green percentage is high, with fresh air, Cultivation base surrounding is polluted without Industrial " three Waste ",

2. land resource

The selection in place will meet the requirement of epidemic prevention, it is therefore desirable to far from other animal farms, have a good transport service, water, electricity are sufficient, most Suitable place is sandy grassland, and ground important and influential persons is flat, not ponding.

3. water resource

Cultivation base underground water has enough water surface areas and drinking water source, and the sanitary of water sources ensured.

4. climate resources

Indoor air temperature is not higher than 30 degrees Celsius,

5. subfield

Subfield in feed lot, about 30-50 square metres of the area on each column such as support kind of blue gene, and 1-2 groups can be put per column Close (be each combined as 1 male 1 mother), subfield material available iron gauze althoughs note that and is unable to spinosity, to prevent injuring blue gene, net it is upper The most handy plastic pipe packet in end is appropriate,

6. shading shed is arranged

About 20 square metres of shading shed should be arranged in each column, and for feeding material with anti-rain, feed dish, water pond can be with soft under canopy The aluminium dish of matter, or use of isolating with the crate tire cleaned, should not build cement tub, can padded 10 public affairs under canopy to prevent hindering bird foot Sub-sand facilitates kind of a bird to lay eggs,

(2) nestling is raised

First week of nestling, is most critical, needs carefully to observe, and is being started 2, nestling consumes the yolk capsule of itself, no Foodstuff is needed, after 3 days, nestling can often hold food and drinking-water, hold most junior three day after food, running check nestling, find diarrhea, should be immediately It is treated.

Nestling to open food critically important, to have careful, patient, when beginning has to that it is lured to search for food, and feeding is constantly flogged with finger It supports and disk and fiddles with feed, draw it and search for food, do so again within second day, until 4-6 days, allow until its nature feeding,

The feed of 3 age in days nestlings, based on plant feed, supplemented by animal fodder, feed intake is gradual after a week for chick Increase, daily in addition to certain fine fodder, also suitably to increase green forage includes fresh kidney beans, Folium Allii fistulosi, small leek, plantain seed and sunflower Deng, it is also possible to vitamin should be also added in the cooked egg and carrot of chopping, drinking-water, and to have color, and such birdling can actively drink Water.

Artificial feeding blue gene generally will appear more serious food hair phenomenon, referred to as eat hair disease.Control method：It builds The fowl canopy being adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule carries out sand-bath suitable for it, and will be often to fowl canopy cleaning.Another party Face will also prevent white diarrhea, and a discovery is ill, should be prevention, or give an preventive injection, in addition, a monthly age bird favorite eats foreign matter, it should not It is allowed to eat too much, birdling can also endure cold day gas, but first winter, had better provide infrared lamp heat preservation.

(3) it is raised in, at bird

After January, blue gene is easier to raise, and when being not required to what specific process, mainly each blowing, pays attention to it Whether appetite is normal, notices whether its defecation is normal, if normally, being just not required to take care of, if abnormal, need to be treated because of disease.

1. the raising of finishing period

When blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, weight has reached 320 grams, has adapted to various natural conditions, should change and feed finishing period Feed is transitioned into finishing period from brood time, to carry out feed and more change jobs, way is：Still feed material of brooding within the 1st week after de- temperature, Second week is brooded with 2/3 expects to add 1/3 to be bred as material, is brooded with 1/3 within the 3rd week and expects to add 2/3 incubation to expect, all with incubation from 4th week Material.With the increase of blue gene age in days, coarse-fibred ability is absorbed and utilized and gradually increases, should allow its feeding is dark green to raise as far as possible Material, limits the scale of feeding of concentrate mixture.

2. the management of finishing period

3 the blue gene more than monthly age can raise outer in house in spring and summer.Blue gene original moves in gobi, careless beach area, supports It grows area and playground has to greatly, increase its amount of exercise, sand will be padded by raising canopy and sports ground, and the grains of sand are of moderate size, and sand Thickness is 10 centimetres or so, and sports ground can be used part and sand, while planting the tree of some shades or building shading shed, blue gene Have a sweet temper, be easy to get a fright, be easy to cause wound and difficult labour, so to ensure the peace and quiet of farm's ambient enviroment, avoids Steam whistle, mechanical impact, explosion etc. are sudden to be rung strongly.

(4) epidemic prevention requirement and disease medication

1. epidemic prevention requires

A, it should reliably be introduced from introduces a collection without disease blue gene field, select the improved seeds physically fit, premunition is strong, subtract Few disease incident.

B, do feeding management and sanitation and hygiene well, this is the basic measures for preventing disease, adheres to correctly raising, is appropriate Management, makes blue gene group's normal growth and development, physical strong, can just build up one's resistance to disease, implement " putting prevention first " Policy.

A, clean drinking-water is rationally fed, according to the needs of blue gene different phase, has fully met the need of nutriment It asks, feeding moldy metamorphism feed, drinking water is forbidden to clean, the smelly water of sewage must not be drunk.

B, create suitable environmental condition, the layout and structure of blue gene house are reasonable, to be kept between house it is certain away from From to reduce the chance of epidemic disease propagation, henhouse wants well-ventilated, and temperature, humidity are suitable, to keep henhouse to clean, different product The flock of birds of kind and all ages and classes will separate and raise, and carry out " all-in and all-out " and make, with immunological disease cross-infection.

C, do environmental sanitation well, remove rubbish heap and sundries heap around henhouse, the anti-mousetrap, mouse blocking plate are put in increasing, in henhouse All around upper wire net and day net prevent mouse, worm from entering, to reduce it to the infringement of feed and the propagation of disease.

D, pay attention to personal hygiene, staff march into the arena shoes to be changed, wash one's hands, Migrant women must not enter chicken without authorization without permission House, staff and apparatus will be fixed.

E, other birds are forbidden to enter henhouse, to prevent the generation of total illness.

2. periodically disinfection

The purpose of disinfection is to kill pathogen, cuts off route of transmission, prevents the generation and sprawling of disease.

A, it into the personnel of chicken house production district, to take off without exception, deposit private shoes and hats and inside and outside clothes, by shower, change Work clothes in, then allows access into production district, and production district, work clothes must not be pierced by work clothes, the cap etc. of production district wearing It to wash weekly, then high-temperature sterilization is primary.

B, henhouse every 2 weeks with 1% limewash spray 3 times, every batch of blue gene raise after, thoroughly to eliminate chicken manure and Dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant.

3. Chinese medicine bag for preventing infectious disease

Although the premunition of blue gene is stronger, Chinese herbal medicine should be started in due course according to rational immune programme Epidemic preventing working, to enhance the immunity of blue gene, the generation to keep off infection, the characteristics of according to blue gene growth cycle, Ying It is immune that 15-20 ages in days proceed by drinking-water.

6th step：The warming fowl canopy transformation of experimental group

Experimental group, which is brooded, house and is bred as house separately plus insulating layer (thickness be 10cm coloured silk steel thermal insulation board), and fence separately adds rain cover and guarantor Stupe achievees the effect that winter keeps warm, summer keeps dry,

7th step：Innovate feed formula

(1) concentrated feed type

1. protein feed：Plant feed has dregs of beans, rape cake and sunflower seed cake etc., these feeds contain protein 35%-50%, can account for 10% or so of feed total amount, and animal fodder has ant egg, fish meal, egg, animal tankage, silkworm chrysalis, plumage Mao Fen, blood meal, fly maggot etc., 40%-80% containing protein can account for the 20%-25% of feed total amount.

2. energy feed：Including corn, wheat, highland barley, wheat bran etc., wherein energy content be about it is 13.0 million burnt/kilogram, chaff Bran fodder energy is low, capacity is big, and is rich in crude fibre, is just meeting the nutritional need of blue gene, so such as wheat bran, rice bran, corn Chaff, sorghum chaff etc. can account for the 10% of feed total amount.

3. mineral feed：Oyster shell whiting, zeolite powder, bone meal, salt, calcium bicarbonate, methionine, lysine, multivitamin, Trace element and pork liver lung etc., it is equally the indispensable necessary material of blue gene growth and development to wait, and can account for feed total amount 8%.

(2) concentrated feed formula

Raw material used in blue gene concentrated feed is similar with pig, chicken, and maximum feature is can largely to use grass meal.

1. in the mixture of 1-3 monthly age nestlings, the content of thick protein is 20% or so, to the minerals such as calcium, phosphorus member The requirement of element is higher than chick, duck, and feed such as oyster shell whiting, calcium carbonate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate of some calcics etc. can be added in feed, if Nestling is fed with chicken feed, the bone meal of 2%-2.5% should be added, it is corn 56 that can effectively prevent the generation of leg disease, nestling feed Part, 6 parts of highland barley, 12 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 1.8 parts of calcium bicarbonate, shell 0.8 part of powder, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.4 part of methionine, 0.4 part of lysine, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element,

2. 3 finishing period the blue gene more than monthly age, which should change, feeds growth period material, protein and crude fiber content are 16%- 17%, while the supplement of calcium, phosphorus is paid attention to, the calcium Phosphorus requirement of finishing period blue gene is higher by 15% -20% than Young cock, Finishing period feed be 46 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of oyster shell whiting, 2.5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.1 part of multivitamin are micro- 0.1 part of secondary element,

3. the key of laying period blue gene raising is supplied with the daily ration of balance, the especially supply amount of energy cannot be excessive, Otherwise female blue gene will be fat, and causing to lay eggs significantly declines or stop production, and gross protein value is advisable with 18% in concentrated feed, The content of calcium and available phosphorus is respectively 3% and 1%, and the content of lysine and methionine+cystine is respectively 0.90% He 0.75%,

The vitamin of laying period blue gene and the requirement of trace element difference compared with breeder are little, dimension needed for blue gene Raw element in addition to vitamin E, pantothenic acid, biotin are similar to breeder, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, Choline requirement is also more similar than breeder, and laying period feed is 54 parts of corn, 9 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, alfalfa meal 20 parts, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of oyster shell whiting, 3.3 parts of bone meal, 0.25 part of methionine, 0.25 part of lysine is more 0.1 part of vitamin of kind, 0.1 part of trace element.

(3) roughage

Blue gene roughage is based on green forage, including Chinese cabbage, spinach, carrot, tomato etc., accounts for about whole daily rations 75%, green forage must it is fresh, without rot, without pollution by pesticides, clean without soil, chopping before feeding, length is 0.5-3 lis Rice, puts in slot and is freely eaten.

Blue gene, generally should be using various green beans and section herbage, graminous pasture as indigo plant to the of less demanding of roughage Feed of eared pheasant, including clover, corn etc., various green forages are reasonably combined in actually raising, and feeding effect is more preferable

1, artificial incubation rate and the control of rate of healthy chick result

In June, 2010, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces of blue gene egg, and wherein (first group) of control group utilizes document Record height above sea level be more than the various hatching technique parameters in 3000 meter areas include temperature, humidity etc. progress blue gene hatching；Experiment Group includes that temperature, humidity etc. are done various hatching technique parameters according to height above sea level 3000 meters or so local climates and geographical environments Adjustment appropriate carries out blue gene hatching, and artificial incubation rate and rate of healthy chick results of comparison are as shown in table 1：

Table 1：Artificial incubation rates in 2010 and rate of healthy chick results of comparison

In April, 2011, control group and experimental group repeat the experiment of artificial incubation in 2010, artificial incubation rate and rate of healthy chick pair According to the results are shown in Table 2：

Table 2：Artificial incubation rates in 2011 and rate of healthy chick results of comparison

In April, 2012, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces of blue gene egg, are incubated using Part of Qinghai Plateau environment is various It includes that temperature, humidity etc. carry out blue gene hatching, wherein oxygen deprivation gas in control group (first group) hatch machine to change technical parameter, real It tests increasing oxygen in group (second group, third group) hatch machine to be hatched, artificial incubation rate and rate of healthy chick results of comparison such as table 3 It is shown：

Table 3：Artificial incubation rates in 2012 and rate of healthy chick results of comparison

In April, 2013, seminar repeat experiment in 2012, artificial incubation rate and rate of healthy chick results of comparison such as table 4 It is shown：

Table 4：Artificial incubation rates in 2013 and rate of healthy chick results of comparison

By Tables 1 and 2, experimental result can be seen that and indiscriminately imitate the various parameters of high altitude localities in low altitude area twice Artificial incubation blue gene is carried out, hatching rate is minimum, only 50%-60%.Table 3 and table 4, experimental result is integrated twice It contrasts, experimental group is 18-25 DEG C in room temperature, and incubation temperature is 38-39.5 DEG C, relative humidity 60-70%, and in hatch machine When interior increasing oxygen, blue gene hatching is more, and hatching rate higher can reach 85% or so；Rate of healthy chick can reach 90% with On.

2, cultivation survival rate result compares

1. in August, 2010 in December, -2011, seminar researcher at twice, brood to blue gene for three groups every time Repetition experiment, wherein oxygen deprivation gas in control group (first group) chicken brooding house, the de- temperature time is to carry out experiment of brooding in 40 days；Experiment Oxygen deprivation gas in group (second group) chicken brooding house, it is 30 days to take off the temperature time, increases oxygen in experimental group (third group) chicken brooding house, takes off temperature Time is to be tested for 40 days, and Brooding Viability results of comparison is as shown in table 5, table 6：

Table 5：2010 Brooding Viability results of comparison

Table 6：2011 Brooding Viability results of comparison

The results show, it is 40 days to take off temperature number of days, and brood time is 30 days, the another oxygen in chicken brooding house, young blue gene Constitution is more preferable, it is easier to adapt to high altitude environment and weather, Brooding Viability higher, up to 90% or more.

2. 2012-2013, researcher carries out common fowl canopy cultivation and warming fowl canopy finishing period to blue gene at twice Cultivation repeats to test, and experiment contrast result is as shown in table 7, table 8：

Table 7：Cultivation survival rate results of comparison in 2012

Table 8：Cultivation survival rate results of comparison in 2013

Global alignment is carried out to table 7 and table 8 to can be seen that using the cultivation of warming fowl canopy, blue gene survival rate is up to 85% Left and right, hence it is evident that be higher than common fowl canopy cultivation survival rate.Since blue gene not will produce epidemic disease generally, blue gene is dead during brooding It is natural death, rainy day or temperature drop suddenly, easily occur flocking together and step on crowded situation, lead to death.But, carry out daily disinfection, On the basis of immune equal work, it should be noted that keep farming site dry, open, prevent from wet and slippery blue gene tumble injury situation being caused to go out It is existing, it should also be noted that the common diseases such as hair disease, pullorum disease are eaten in prevention and control.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, Without departing from the invention herein, can also be to several improvement of the invention made and supplement, these are improved and supplement, should also regard For protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

S1 obtains the young blue gene of early stage using family chicken " generation incubates technology "；

S2 simulates and improves production environment, kind of a blue gene rate of fertilization is improved, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, by blue gene Incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity number are adjusted respectively, and ensure that place is dried, and cultivate temperature pleasant, Cultivation density is reduced, kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water are increased, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1：1 improves kind of a bird fertilization Rate；

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specializeds increases super-silent in the temperature automatically controlled wet hatch machine of control of existing micro computer To oxygen pump, oxygen content detector, and improve the size of incubation plate；

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow, including：

The collection and storage of S401 hatching eggs, hatching egg must be from excellent, healthy flocks of birds, when selecting hatching egg, first by shell egg, sand The hatching egg that shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, and to be stored 24 hours or more to the hatching egg of rigid output, the temperature of preservation Degree is 13-15 DEG C, and the relatively suitable humidity for preserving hatching egg is 65%-70%, notices that the ventilation of storeroom is answered when hatching egg preserves Greatly upside down, it stirs daily 1 time；

S402 carries out the disinfecting of hatching egg；

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature hatched at 18-25 DEG C using constant temperature method, and hatching egg by it is large, medium and small or again, In, light three class, carry out extension set hatching, to improve hatching rate and rate of healthy chick；

S404 hatching managements, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum it is big head-up, distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously remember Record, cannot mix and incubate；Egg-turning is wanted in hatching process, primary every 2 hours egg-turnings, egg-turning angle is 90 ° -100 °；

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow of specification, including：

S501 breeding environments select, and select suitable growing environment, subfield raising are carried out in feed lot, and be arranged on every column and hide Cool canopy；

S502 nestlings are raised, and nestling opens food behind initial 2-3 days, open food feeding brood time concentrated feed, are constantly copied by finger It beats rearing tray and fiddles with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, nestling nature feeding；Increase in 4-6 days concentrated feeds Vitamin is added in vegetables in drinking-water；

S503 builds the fowl canopy being adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, carries out sand-bath suitable for it, and often clear to fowl canopy Clean cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene；

It is raised in S504, at bird, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, is changed to finishing period concentrated feed, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, It carries out feed more to change jobs, brood time concentrated feed, 2/3 brood time concentrated feed of second week is still fed within the 1st week after specially de- temperature Add 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder within the 3rd week, all with incubation from 4th week Phase concentrated feed；And with the increase of blue gene age in days, coarse-fibred ability is absorbed and utilized and gradually increases, allow its feeding is dark green to raise Material, limits the scale of feeding of concentrate mixture；

S505 regularly sterilize and prevent epidemic；

S6 is bred as harvesting.

2. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1 Concrete mode be：

Kind blue gene of the S101 selections with good gene is laid eggs, and family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous production three generations indigo plant horse is utilized Chicken；

S102 is individually put the young blue gene of acquisition in a suitable place to breed, and accusing each other between reduction blue gene keeps its disposition wilder Blue gene more heater element.

3. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the S102 When putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed, cultivation density ensures as 1 young every 6 square metres of blue gene.

4. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S2 Middle incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C -1 DEG C, and hatching relative humidity improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C -3 DEG C, broods opposite Humidity improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

5. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S3 In improved incubation plate volume be 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, to oxygen pump noise be no more than 45 decibels, go out oxygen amount be 3.0L/ Min, oxygen content in air is maintained at 21%-22% in hatch machine.

6. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step If storage life is more than 7 days in S401, needing, which reduces temperature, preserves.

7. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step The concrete mode of the disinfecting of S402 hatching eggs is every 2 days primary with thimerosal wiping ovum storeroom floor, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, Disinfection, is used in combination formalin solution to be fumigated, and after blue gene oviposition, ovum is sent into hatching house's disinfection, every cubic metre of disinfectant It with formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, fumigates 30 minutes, enters before incubating, 40 DEG C of disinfectant is not exceeded with temperature and is impregnated 20-30 minutes, then drying hatching egg with the dry gauze sterilized can enter to incubate, and the hatching houses Ru Fuhou floor is every 2 days with disinfection Medicine mopping is primary, and wall, ceiling are primary with disinfectant sprinkling per two weeks, carries out within one month cleaning once comprehensively, incubate every time Before change, hatch machine is inside and outside and surface is wiped one time with disinfectant, and formalin fumigation is used in combination.

8. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step Incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days in S403, and incubation temperature is controlled at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is in 65%-70%；Enter Incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature control at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatching humid control 65%, enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, hatch Temperature is controlled at 36 DEG C -37 DEG C, and hatching humid control is 60%；It is transferred to young-generating machine humidity opposite to improve, is 60%-65%, Embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, and regular ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg, dries in the air The egg time enters to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minutes；Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minutes；Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minutes.

9. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step There is the drinking-water of nestling color, such nestling can actively drink water in S502.

10. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the essence is raised Expect that proportioning by weight is：

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestlings, 56 parts of corn, 6 parts of highland barley, 12 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of fish meal, clover 10 parts of grass meal, 0.4 part of salt, 1.8 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 0.8 part of oyster shell whiting, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.4 part of methionine, 0.4 part of lysine, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

In the finishing period concentrated feed of the 3 monthly ages above nestling, 46 parts of corn,6 parts of highland barley, 8 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, 2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of oyster shell whiting, 2.5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of methionine, lysine 0.2 part, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of trace element；

Laying period concentrated feed, 54 parts of corn, 9 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.4 part of salt, phosphoric acid 2 parts of hydrogen calcium, 0.6 part of oyster shell whiting, 3.3 parts of bone meal, 0.25 part of methionine, 0.25 part of lysine,MultivitaminIt is 0.1 part, micro 0.1 part of element.