CN104756949A - Artificial incubating and brooding method for Grus japonensis - Google Patents

Artificial incubating and brooding method for Grus japonensis Download PDF

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CN104756949A
CN104756949A CN201510195394.5A CN201510195394A CN104756949A CN 104756949 A CN104756949 A CN 104756949A CN 201510195394 A CN201510195394 A CN 201510195394A CN 104756949 A CN104756949 A CN 104756949A
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crane
corn
egg
vegetables
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王争光
林万利
吴成扬
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02Breeding vertebrates

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial incubating and brooding method for Grus japonensis. By the adoption of the method, temperature and moisture during artificial incubation and temperature and feed formula during artificial brooding are strictly controlled, so that a good effect is realized; the survival rate of young Grus japonensis can reach 100%, and Grus japonensis breeding rate is increased greatly.

Description

The artificial incubation of a kind of red-crowned crane and method of brooding
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial incubation of a kind of red-crowned crane and method of brooding.
(2) background technology
Red-crowned crane is large-scale wader, animals under first-class state protection.Be commonly called as red crowned crane, red top crane, white crane etc., be one of endangered species in the existing 15 kinds of crane classes in world, there is higher ornamental value and conservation value.Once east Asia was distributed widely in.In recent years due to the destruction of ecotope, quantity reduced gradually, and distribution ground also sharply reduces.Red-crowned crane is the birds of seasonal migration, its multiplication plot in the Heilungkiang of China, Jilin, east Inner Mongolia and Russian Far East Heilongjiang river and Hokkaido, Japan one region, marsh of being with, wintering ground mainly in the lake of China's THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY, the ground such as coastal area and the Korea peninsula.
Annual March to September is breeding period of red-crowned crane, and occurring in nature red-crowned crane breeding spot is in the north, and the normal incubation of egg needs north temperature at that time and humidity.Red-crowned crane is very very difficult at southern area egg reproduction, therefore needs artificial incubation and broods to improve its success rate.
(3) summary of the invention
Namely the object of the invention is to provide the artificial incubation of the high red-crowned crane of success rate and method of brooding.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The artificial incubation of red-crowned crane and a method of brooding, described method comprises:
(1) collecting red-crowned crane egg, is 8 ~ 10 DEG C in temperature, stores after 3 ~ 5 days, concentrate and hatch under relative moisture 50% ~ 60% condition;
(2) incubator is adopted to carry out artificial incubation, before entering to incubate, 40% formaldehyde of incubator every 2.83m3 space 30ml and 1.5 ㎎ potassium permanganate fumigations 15 ~ 20 minutes; The gas severe toxicity that formaldehyde and potassium permanganate produce, the operating personnel carrying out fumigation should wear masks and goggles, and with anti-poisoning, in stifling process, the ventilating opening of incubator should be closed.
(3) red-crowned crane egg is put into incubator, in strict control incubator, temperature and humidity carry out artificial incubation, hatching early stage (first 20 days), degree in mid-term (21 ~ 28 days) 37.5 ~ 38.5 DEG C, humidity 50% ~ 55%, hatching later stage (after 28 days) temperature is 36.5 ~ 37 DEG C, humidity 55% ~ 60%; Hatching house's (namely placing the room of incubator) temperature is 18 ~ 22 DEG C; In hatching process, ventilation and egg-turning and cool egg need be carried out in time; Incubation period variations in temperature in conjunction with hatching season, ambient temperature and embryonic development situation, will be grasped simultaneously flexibly;
In hatching process, along with the increase in embryo age, large air vent ventilation should be opened gradually.General hatching early stage (first 20 days) will regularly be taken a breath, and within 20 days, will often ventilate later.The Main Function of egg-turning is that embryo is heated evenly, and prevents embryo and chorion adhesion; The Main Function of cool egg prevents Late Embryogenesis accumulated temperature overheated, and embryo is fully had a breath of fresh air.Once, egg-turning angle is 90 DEG C to general every two hours egg-turning; Time of cool egg extends along with the prolongation in embryo age, hatching early stage, mid-term cool egg 3 ~ 5 minutes, hatching every morning in later stage and afternoon extend 10 minutes cool egg time.
(4) hatching by 31st ~ 33 days time, should egg be moved in the chick box of bottom from incubator upper strata, air chamber upward, until red-crowned crane broken shell hatching;
This phase stops egg-turning, and daily check 4 ~ 6 times, record cry young in ovum, grab shell sound and active situation.Can hear before red-crowned crane hatching faint scratching and " chirp " cry, a few minutes or tens minutes are heard once, after two hours, peck shell sound strengthen gradually, sometimes can hear simultaneously and peck shell sound and cry, can judge according to the power of pecking shell sound and cry the quality that young crane grows.The position of the normal broken shell of young crane is blunt end 15 ~ 20 ㎝ place of egg.First see that crackle appears in eggshell in broken shell place, long 5 ~ 15 ㎜, in irregularly shaped.Then occur duck eye, young crane continues broken shell in the counterclockwise direction at duck eye place.When broken shell to egg week 2/3 time, young crane to start in shell firmly to struggle, and now can hear that the eggshell of click click breaks sound, at this moment young crane slowly departs from eggshell by orders such as left wing, right wing, beak, pawl and head, chest, belly, legs.From hearing cry or pecking shell sound to broken shell average out to 32 hours, from broken shell to hatching average out to 23 hours.
If the cry of embryo and peck shell sound by dying down by force, artificial aiding-birth should be taked in time, avoiding embryo to die young at brood time.During artificial aiding-birth, the shell on air chamber is cracked with being first careful, and this part shell is peelled off, now do not stave the inner membrance of embryonic surface, oneself inner membrance is pipped shell by young crane.
(5) first stop 24 hours in hatching box after red-crowned crane hatching, then transfer in Brooding cases and raise, young crane 1 ~ 7 age in days, the temperature in Brooding cases is down to 29.5 DEG C by 36.5 DEG C; Young crane 8 ~ 14 age in days, the temperature in Brooding cases is down to 24 DEG C by 29.5 DEG C; After young crane 15 age in days, extensible Brooding cases is transferred to young bird cage house and carries out normal temperature raising;
Red-crowned crane nestling is Praecoces, and the nestling whole body just having gone out shell is had the yellow fine hair of light brown, and its back is dark, and belly is shallow, and shoulder is milky, and mouth and leg are flesh pink.Namely open eyes after going out shell, 20 hours just can be walked haltingly and be walked about.
The raising temperature of brood time is the stage of brooding of paramount importance environmental factor.Just gone out the young crane of shell, required higher raising temperature, along with the increase of age in days, self metabolic capabilities of young crane increases, and heat-regulating centers is constantly perfect, progressively can reduce raising temperature, finally raise at normal temperatures.The young crane of firm broken shell, body feathers is wetter, is afraid of cold very much, generally will stop 24 hours in hatching box, after young crane body feathers parches, then moves on to raising in Brooding cases.
The change of brood time raising temperature, activity and the sleep state of the young crane of Main Basis itself are determined.During general proper temperature, activity and the sleep of young crane are normal, do not cry and do not make a noise; Temperature drift or on the low side time, young crane shows dysphoria, and send abnormal tweeting sound, sleep disorder is steady.
The temperature-fall period of brood time progressively carries out, the young crane of 2 ages in days, and be placed on night in Brooding cases and raise, daytime is as calm in fine day, and temperature is more than 25 DEG C, and young crane can be moved on to outdoor activity, the time started is shorter, about 1 hour, increases gradually later.After 10 ages in days, can the morning 10 time ~ 11 time, when afternoon 14 ~ 15 time to be placed on little lawn movable, after 15 ages in days, it is movable to be placed on large lawn.Lawn should be provided with basin or pond, drink water for young crane and have a bath.
It is (6) single between brood time that only young crane feed formula every day is as follows:
1 ~ 10 age in days: every daily inleting appetite 95g, every day feed 8 times, steamed bread of corn 5g, beef end 5g, ripe egg 5g, loach 70g, vegetables 10g;
11 ~ 20 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 355g, every day feed 6 times, steamed bread of corn 30g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 20g, loach 250g, vegetables 25g;
21 ~ 30 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 510g, every day feed 5 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 50g, ripe egg 40g, loach 300g, vegetables 20g;
31 ~ 40 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 560g, every day feed 4 times, steamed bread of corn 50g, beef end 50g, ripe egg 40g, loach 350g, vegetables 70g;
41 ~ 50 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 570g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 300g, vegetables 30g, particulate material 40g, corn 30g;
51 ~ 60 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 580g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 40g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
61 ~ 70 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 630g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 120g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
71 ~ 80 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 630g, every day feed 2 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 120g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
81 ~ 90 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 750g, every day feed 2 times, steamed bread of corn 140g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 300g, vegetables 150g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
Described vegetables are one of following: Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve, water spinach, spinach;
Described particulate material is chick perfect compound feed;
Wherein ripe egg is smashed to pieces, and live loacs need be cut into broken section of 0.5cm length, and vegetables are rubbed, and a steamed bread of corn breaks into pieces with one's fingers, and corn distiller's dried grain is pulverized, then mixes with beef end and particulate material.
The feed of brood time is also the key of brooding, the feed request comprehensive nutrition of young crane, easy to digest.Mainly contain bread worm, beef end, live loacs, ripe egg, a steamed bread of corn, vegetables, cereal etc.
Namely brood successfully after (7) 90 days, proceed to adult He Longshe and carry out routine raising.
Preferably, described vegetables are Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in: adopt the inventive method carry out artificial incubation and brood, young crane survival rate can reach 100%, substantially increases red-crowned crane reproduction rate.
(4) embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
Embodiment 1:
One, adult red-crowned crane life habit
Main in meadow bog and cold water marsh, need higher reed etc., as shelter condition.Annual 3 ~ April carries out breeding mating, and feeding habits are assorted, staple food fish, loach, river prawn, mollusk and insect etc. are food, also eat rice galingale herb, the tender thatch of reed, seed and seedling.
Two, captive breeding condition
First imitate from cage house facility, the condition needed for red-crowned crane field, river, marsh, island etc.Protein, minerals and vitamins is supplemented for its enough nutrition from food.
Three, reproductive habit
Red-crowned crane monogamy spouse, sexual maturity in 5 ~ 7 years old under artificial condition.Oestrus many in 4 annual ~ May, mating activity is general to be carried out in the morning or at dusk, before mating, male and female crane spreads the wings and dances, and frequently sending overcast and rhythmical tweeting sound, male and female are craned one shriek jointly, terminate mating, process about 3 ~ 5 minutes, will have deadwood, straw, cogongrass etc. as the nest material of red-crowned crane in crane pond.Male and female of having nested are served as by crane jointly, behavior is surreptitious, and pipe minimizing, and crane is built a nest the warning of another crane, as sturted, just the nest will do not become discards, and separately makes new nest, has condition hidden preferably around nest more, every nest produces 2 pieces of eggs, oblong, eggshell heavily fortified point are thick, egg face is greyish white micro-pink, are furnished with the aubergine differed in size, dark brown and the irregular color spot of crineous.
Four, artificial incubation
The artificial incubation of crane egg, after generally the egg collected respectively will being stored a period of time, concentrate and hatch, period of storage was advisable with 3 ~ 5 days, at most can not more than one week.Require air circulation in storeroom, temperature is 8 ~ 10 DEG C, relative moisture 50% ~ 60%.Crane egg will stir twice or thrice by lay up period, and egg-turning angle is 90 °.Adopt incubator to hatch, before entering to incubate, hatch machine every 2.83m3 space 30ml formaldehyde (40%) and 1.5 ㎎ potassium permanganate fumigations, fumigation time is about 15 minutes.
(1) Temperature and Humidity Control: the temperature requirement of red-crowned crane egg in hatching process is " low after front height ", namely hatch early stage, mid-term temperature high, be generally 37.5 ~ 38.5 DEG C; Hatching latter temperature reduces gradually, is 36.5 ~ 37 DEG C; In hatching, the requirement of humidity is " low after front height ", general early stage, mid-term humidity be 50% ~ 55%, hatching later stage (after 28 days) relative moisture brings up to 55% ~ 60%, and hatching house's temperature is 18 ~ 22 DEG C;
(2) ventilation: in hatching process, along with the increase in embryo age, should open large air vent ventilation gradually.General hatching early stage (before 20 days) will regularly be taken a breath, and within 20 days, will often ventilate later.
(3) egg-turning and cool egg: the Main Function of egg-turning is that embryo is heated evenly, prevents embryo and chorion adhesion; The Main Function of cool egg prevents Late Embryogenesis accumulated temperature overheated, and embryo is fully had a breath of fresh air.Once, egg-turning angle is 90 ° to general every two hours egg-turning; Time of cool egg extends along with the prolongation in embryo age, hatching early stage, mid-term cool egg 3 ~ 5 minutes, hatching every morning in later stage and afternoon extend 10 minutes cool egg time.
Five, hatching
When red-crowned crane hatched by 31 ~ 33 days, should be moved in the chick box of bottom from incubator upper strata, air chamber upward.This phase stops egg-turning, and daily check 4 ~ 6 times, record cry young in ovum, grab shell sound and active situation.
If the cry of embryo and peck shell sound by dying down by force, artificial aiding-birth should be taked in time, avoiding embryo to die young at brood time.During artificial aiding-birth, the shell on air chamber is cracked with being first careful, and this part shell is peelled off, now do not stave the inner membrance of embryonic surface, oneself inner membrance is pipped shell by young crane.
Red-crowned crane nestling is Praecoces, and the nestling whole body just having gone out shell is had the yellow fine hair of light brown, and its back is dark, and belly is shallow, and shoulder is milky, and mouth and leg are flesh pink.Namely open eyes after going out shell, 20 hours just can be walked haltingly and be walked about.
Six, artificial brooding
The raising temperature of brood time is the stage of brooding of paramount importance environmental factor.Just gone out the young crane of shell, required higher raising temperature, along with the increase of age in days, self metabolic capabilities of young crane increases, and heat-regulating centers is constantly perfect, progressively can reduce raising temperature, finally raise at normal temperatures.The young crane of firm broken shell, body feathers is wetter, is afraid of cold very much, generally will stop 24 hours in hatching box, after young crane body feathers parches, raises moving on in Brooding cases.Temperature 1 ~ 7 age in days in Brooding cases is slowly down to 29.5 DEG C by 36.5 DEG C, and 8 ~ 14 ages in days are slowly down to 24 DEG C by 29.5 DEG C, can raise (without the need to Brooding cases) by normal temperature after 15 ages in days.
The temperature-fall period of brood time progressively carries out, the young crane of 2 ages in days, and be placed on night in Brooding cases and raise, daytime is as calm in fine day, and temperature is more than 25 DEG C, and young crane can be moved on to outdoor activity, the time started is shorter, about 1 hour, increases gradually later.After 10 ages in days, can the morning 10 time ~ 11 time, when afternoon 14 ~ 15 time to be placed on little lawn movable, after 15 ages in days, it is movable to be placed on large lawn.Lawn should be provided with basin or pond, drink water for young crane and have a bath.
The feed of brood time is also the key of brooding, the feed request comprehensive nutrition of young crane, easy to digest, 1 ~ 90 age in days brood time red-crowned crane day feed formulation and constituent analysis in table 1.Wherein ripe egg is smashed to pieces, and live loacs is cut into broken section of 0.5cm length, and vegetables are rubbed, and a steamed bread of corn breaks into pieces with one's fingers, corn distiller's dried grain abrasive dust, mixes with beef end and particulate material.Described particulate material is the yellow chicken manufactured feed of joyful board that Zhejiang joyful feed limited company produces.
Table 1:1 ~ 90 age in days brood time red-crowned crane day feed formulation and constituent analysis
Brood time feeding frequency reduces gradually along with the growth of age in days.1 ~ 10 age in days is fed 8 times every day, feeds 1 time every 2 hours; 11 ~ 20 ages in days are fed 6 times every day; Fed 1 time every 3 hours; 21 ~ 30 ages in days are fed 5 times every day, feed 1 time every 4 hours; 31 ~ 40 ages in days are fed 4 times every day; 41 ~ 70 ages in days are fed 3 times every day; After 70 ages in days, feeding frequency is every day 2 times.
Namely brood successfully after 90 days, proceed to adult He Longshe and carry out routine raising.
Seven, the feeding and management of adult crane
Cage house to be scrubbed every day, pond and apparatus, change drinking-water, and note ight soil change at any time.
1. spring: crane class is all oestrused, in groups or the red-crowned crane supported of mixed group feeding should be noted fight phenomenon, be the environment preparing to build a nest, the crane that lays eggs prepares safety.Prepare artificial incubation, the crane of pair fed, optionally supply material of nesting, and notice that observation is laid eggs, hatching situation, provide feed in time.
2. in summer: the feed of the moldy metamorphism that prevents from summer feeding, except checking feed every day, also want running check pellet whether mouldy, especially more should note rainy season.Keep sufficient drinking-water and bath water.
3. in autumn: autumn is the moulting season of crane, the individuality of putting in a suitable place to breed disconnected wing and birdling, should observe the growing state of remex, catch in time, cut wing, prevent from flying to escape.
4. in winter: the crane passed the winter in outdoor, should keep out the wind in side, northwest, place facility, and some pad grass of ground paving, keep drinking-water not freeze all day, can supplement a small amount of peanut, store sufficient energy in pellet.
The experiment proved that, adopt artificial incubation of the present invention and method of brooding, young crane survival rate can reach 100% (research initial stage, survival rate only about 40%, just 100% is reached by constantly groping to improve), significant for the artificial feeding of red-crowned crane.

Claims (2)

1. the artificial incubation of red-crowned crane and a method of brooding, described method comprises:
(1) collecting red-crowned crane egg, is 8 ~ 10 DEG C in temperature, stores after 3 ~ 5 days, concentrate and hatch under relative moisture 50% ~ 60% condition;
(2) incubator is adopted to carry out artificial incubation, before entering to incubate, the every 2.83m of incubator 340% formaldehyde of space 30ml and 1.5 ㎎ potassium permanganate fumigations 15 ~ 20 minutes;
(3) red-crowned crane egg is put into incubator, in strict control incubator, temperature and humidity carry out artificial incubation, hatching early stage, mid-term temperature 37.5 ~ 38.5 DEG C, humidity 50% ~ 55%, hatching latter temperature is 36.5 ~ 37 DEG C, humidity 55% ~ 60%; Hatching house's temperature is 18 ~ 22 DEG C; In hatching process, ventilation and egg-turning and cool egg need be carried out in time;
(4) hatching by 31st ~ 33 days time, should egg be moved in the chick box of bottom from incubator upper strata, air chamber upward, until red-crowned crane broken shell hatching;
(5) first stop 24 hours in hatching box after red-crowned crane hatching, then transfer in Brooding cases and raise, young crane 1 ~ 7 age in days, the temperature in Brooding cases is down to 29.5 DEG C by 36.5 DEG C; Young crane 8 ~ 14 age in days, the temperature in Brooding cases is down to 24 DEG C by 29.5 DEG C; After young crane 15 age in days, normal temperature is raised;
It is (6) single between brood time that only young crane feed formula every day is as follows:
1 ~ 10 age in days: every daily inleting appetite 95g, every day feed 8 times, steamed bread of corn 5g, beef end 5g, ripe egg 5g, loach 70g, vegetables 10g;
11 ~ 20 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 355g, every day feed 6 times, steamed bread of corn 30g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 20g, loach 250g, vegetables 25g;
21 ~ 30 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 510g, every day feed 5 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 50g, ripe egg 40g, loach 300g, vegetables 20g;
31 ~ 40 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 560g, every day feed 4 times, steamed bread of corn 50g, beef end 50g, ripe egg 40g, loach 350g, vegetables 70g;
41 ~ 50 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 570g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 300g, vegetables 30g, particulate material 40g, corn 30g;
51 ~ 60 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 580g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 40g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
61 ~ 70 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 630g, every day feed 3 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 120g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
71 ~ 80 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 630g, every day feed 2 times, steamed bread of corn 100g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 250g, vegetables 120g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
81 ~ 90 ages in days: every daily inleting appetite 750g, every day feed 2 times, steamed bread of corn 140g, beef end 30g, ripe egg 30g, loach 300g, vegetables 150g, particulate material 50g, corn 50g;
Described vegetables are one of following: Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve, water spinach, spinach;
Described particulate material is chick complete feed;
Namely brood successfully after (7) 90 days, proceed to the drylot feeding of adult crane cage and support.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described vegetables are Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve.
CN201510195394.5A 2015-04-21 2015-04-21 Artificial incubating and brooding method for Grus japonensis Pending CN104756949A (en)

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CN105075969A (en) * 2015-07-22 2015-11-25 西宁山雨种养殖有限责任公司 Artificial breeding method of crossoptilon auritum in high-altitude environment
CN105028317B (en) * 2015-07-22 2018-08-03 西宁山雨种养殖有限责任公司 Golden pheasant with red belly artificial culturing method under high altitude environment
CN105075969B (en) * 2015-07-22 2018-08-24 西宁山雨种养殖有限责任公司 Blue gene artificial culturing method under high altitude environment
CN107691353A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-02-16 广州动物园 A kind of human assistance propagation method of crane
CN107616141A (en) * 2017-10-16 2018-01-23 湖南省野生动物救护繁殖中心(湖南省野生动物疫源疫病监测中心站) Tragopan temminckii artificial incubation method
CN107616141B (en) * 2017-10-16 2021-05-11 湖南省野生动物救护繁殖中心(湖南省野生动物疫源疫病监测中心站) Artificial incubation method for Phasianidae
CN113197154A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-03 广东长隆集团有限公司 Nipponia nippon artificial incubation and artificial feeding method thereof
CN115176920A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-10-14 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 Feed for artificial feeding of red-crowned cranes

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