CN105075969A - Artificial breeding method of crossoptilon auritum in high-altitude environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial breeding method of crossoptilon auritum in the high-altitude environment. The artificial breeding method comprises following steps: utilizing technology of surrogate hatching for domestic chickens in order to improve the adaptive capacity to the environment for crossoptilon auritum; simulating and improving the production environment in order to increase fertility rate of crossoptilon auritum; designing a special-purpose hatching machine for crossoptilon auritum; formulating the technological process for artificial hatching of crossoptilon auritum; formulating the technological process for artificial breeding of crossoptilon auritum; and innovating a feed formula. The artificial breeding method of crossoptilon auritum in the high-altitude environment helps to solve problems such as low hatching rate for artificial breeding of crossoptilon auritum and low survival rate.

Description

Blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment

Technical field

Type of the present invention relates to blue gene artificial breeding method, is specially blue gene artificial breeding method under the higher environment of height above sea level.

Background technology

Blue gene is rare famous and precious bird, national second class protection animal.Its feather is beautiful, can be used as decoration, very by the favor of international market.Its side is bright red, auricular bunch white, protrudes from neck top, entire body pewter, intermedia speciality and tilting.Tail feathers hangs down loosely sagging as horse hair, therefore named blue gene.

Blue gene is large fowl class.Total length about 90 centimetres.Wear glittering pewter feather, as wearing a magnificent velvet overcoat.Mouth and head side are blush, especially eye-catching, and auricular bunch is white, outstanding to oblique rear, just like plunderred gently by gentle breeze round snow-white scarf, long intermedia is upturned, and soft fine and closely woven ramus hangs down loosely, just as horsetail.Blue gene is liked living in high mountain cold district, inhabits in the dense dragon spruce of the higher 2000-3000 rice of height above sea level, oak forest, between Pentaclethra macrophylla, wintersweet shrub, after autumn along with snow line moves down, and adjourns the mountain valley of water or open retama bushland.

The many cluster activitys of pheasant class bird, and the cluster of blue gene is especially grand huge, is usually that multiple family tens knot group is active in pine tree and cuckoo spinney.The huge cluster of eared pheasant is different with the huge cluster activity of numerous finch birds: loose when gathering when they are not, neither be numerous and disorderly without first, that hearsay four is loose rabble, their cluster has head to command, suitable rule of taking action, have fixing roosting site and look for food, sand-bath place.

Annual late March, blue gene gradually mountain jumpbogroup is divided into groupuscule; Pairing is started at the beginning of 4 months.During this, cock can carry out fierceness fight to strive spouse.On very close terms after male and female pairing, build a nest many between dense shrub or slightly recessed place, nest is plate-like, extremely simple and crude.General leaf, branch, cogongrass, liver moss are formed, and the inside is lined with feather, snugly.Lay eggs May, every nest 5-13 piece, ovum ovalize, light greenish blue or light brown, micro-tool brown spot, heavily about 45-58 gram, hen hatching ovum, cock is movable around, about 26 days incubation period.Nestling Growth is rapid, the birdling build of 4 months with become bird similar, spring next year can lay eggs.Breed between 4 ~ June, live in pairs during this.On the ground of laying eggs under covering grove, 6 ~ 12 pieces, every nest, taupe or light greenish blue.There is light brown spot.26 ~ 27 days incubation periods. this kind builds captive breeding base in Gansu.

Blue gene is special product of China, is the birds of high mountain cold district, only produces in China, resides in northeastern Qinghai and east all the year round, and the Northwestern Gansu Qilian mountains one is with and south, Helan Mountain in Ningxia and Northern Sichuan Province.

Summary of the invention

Of the present inventionly be to provide blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, solving blue gene under high altitude environment cannot the shortcoming of artificial breeding.

For achieving the above object, the invention discloses following technical scheme:

Under high altitude environment, blue gene artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young blue gene;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a blue gene fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, blue gene incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantees that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduce cultivation density, increase kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1:1, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 65%-70%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method hatching, and plant egg can by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 2 hours egg-turnings once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-100 °;

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

S503 builds the fowl canopy adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, and suitable its carries out sand-bath, and wants often to fowl canopy cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene;

In S504, bird is become to raise, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of blue gene age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S505 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

Further, the concrete mode of described step S1 is:

S101 selects the kind blue gene with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations blue gene;

The young blue gene obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between blue gene, makes the wilder blue gene of its disposition more heater element.

Further, when putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed in described S102, it is every 6 square metres of 1 young blue gene that cultivation density ensures.

Further, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Further, the incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

Further, if storage life was more than 7 days in described step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserve.

Further, the concrete mode of the disinfecting of described step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after blue gene is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

Further, in described step S403, incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days, and incubation temperature controls at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is at 65%-70%; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature controls at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatching humid control 65%, enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature controls at 36 DEG C-37 DEG C, hatching humid control 60%; Proceeding to young-generating machine humidity should relatively improve, is 60%-65%, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, and especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg, and the cooling egg time enters to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minute; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minute; Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minute.

Further, in described step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

Further, described concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.

It is naturally hatch associated technical parameters for reference with blue gene that the present invention researches and develops theory innovation, break through at present domestic smallest number, among a small circle in carry out experimental artificial incubation cultivation blue gene research category, utilize the experiment and research of carrying out artificial incubation cultivation blue gene in height above sea level about 3000 meters area, and artificial incubation rate is brought up to more than 80%, and cultivation survival rate brings up to more than 90%.

Embodiment

Under high altitude environment, blue gene artificial breeding method, comprises the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young blue gene:

S101 selects the kind blue gene with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations blue gene;

The young blue gene obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between blue gene, makes the wilder blue gene of its disposition more heater element.

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a blue gene fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, blue gene incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantees that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduce cultivation density, increase kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1:1, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 65%-70%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method hatching, and plant egg can by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 2 hours egg-turnings once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-100 °;

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

S503 builds the fowl canopy adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, and suitable its carries out sand-bath, and wants often to fowl canopy cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene;

In S504, bird is become to raise, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of blue gene age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S505 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

In the present invention, when putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed in described S102, it is every 6 square metres of 1 young blue gene that cultivation density ensures.

In step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, and hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, and brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, and relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

Incubation plate volume after improving in step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, and oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, and going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

If storage life was more than 7 days in step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserve.

The concrete mode of the disinfecting of step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after blue gene is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

In step S403, incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days, and incubation temperature controls at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is at 65%-70%; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature controls at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatching humid control 65%, enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature controls at 36 DEG C-37 DEG C, hatching humid control 60%; Proceeding to young-generating machine humidity should relatively improve, is 60%-65%, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, and especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg, and the cooling egg time enters to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minute; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minute; Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minute.

In step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

Concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.

Specifically, 1. blue gene artificial breeding method, comprises the following steps:

The first step: utilize family chicken " generation incubates technology ", improves blue gene cultivation survival rate effectively

The kind blue gene with good gene is selected to lay eggs, utilize family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations blue gene, and young blue gene is put in a suitable place to breed separately, hen house area suitably strengthens, and general cultivation density is every 6 square metres 1 (after second and third generation, cultivation density can suitably increase), effectively can raise and train blue gene, reduce accusing each other between them, make the wilder blue gene of its disposition more heater element, and growing environment strong adaptability, cultivation survival rate is high.Second step: simulate and improve production environment, improves kind of a blue gene fertilization rate

In subject study process, according to the practical experience of coastal area, we simulate their environment of hatching and production environment, in conjunction with geography and the climatic environmental factor of grown place, blue gene incubation temperature and humidity have been carried out suitable adjustment respectively, consider that Qinghai Area mean temperature of air is low, sooner or later the temperature difference is large, and dry, moisture evaporates fast actual conditions, seminar improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C incubation temperature, and relative moisture improves 3%-5%; Brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, relative moisture improves 2%-3%, brood time extends 7-10 days, and by improving production environment, comprising and guaranteeing that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduce cultivation density, increase kind of the method such as blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1:1, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate.

3rd step: devise special blue gene hatch machine

The hatch machine utilizing market general carries out artificial incubation blue gene in Qinghai Area, its incubation rate is less than 50%, I company technique personnel make improvements by repeatedly testing, wet in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, super-silent oxygen supply pump has been installed, oxygen content monitor, and the size of incubation plate by ovum is changed a social system, hatch machine volume after improvement is that 1350 × 105 × 1200mm is (long, wide, high), oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%, comparatively Part of Qinghai Plateau oxygen content in air improves 35%-40%, this hatch machine can hatch 378 pieces of ovum simultaneously.

4th step: worked out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow process

(1) collection and the storage of egg is planted

Planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first shell egg, arenaceous shell egg, sheetmetal egg and the kind egg excessive, too small, excessively flat, excessively round, contaminated area is excessive are chosen, should not enter to incubate to the kind egg of firm output at once, store more than 24 hours, but do not exceed 7 days, the temperature of preserving is advisable with 13-15 DEG C, if storage life surpasses 7 days, need to reduce temperature, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 65%-70%, and note the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day.

(2) disinfecting of egg is planted

Within every 2 days, wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after blue gene is laid eggs, poultry raiser will sterilize Luan Song hatching house as early as possible, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, 20-30 minute is soaked with disinfectant (temperature does not exceed 40 DEG C), then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, floor, hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation,

(3) incubation condition

The blue gene incubation period was at about 30 days.Room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method, and plant egg can by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, carry out extension set hatching, incubation rate and strong young rate can be improved.Enter to incubate 1-10 days, incubation temperature controls at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is at 65%-70%; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature controls at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, and hatching humid control is about 65%; Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature controls at 36 DEG C-37 DEG C, hatching humid control about 60%; Proceed to young-generating machine humidity should relatively improve, be generally 60%-65%, the relatively high meeting of later stage humidity causes unfirmly closing shell, and addled egg increases, embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, carbonic acid gas and various pernicious gas do not exceed standard, therefore, and should regularly ventilation, especially later stage heat production is more, should note cooling egg, the cooling egg time enters to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minute; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minute; Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minute.

(4) hatching management

When entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 2 hours egg-turnings once, egg-turning angle is advisable with 90 °-100 °,

5th step: the blue gene artificial culture technology flow process of having worked out specification

(1) cultivation base environmental selection

1. geographical position

Cultivation base requires away from city and residential block, and from main roads at least 1500 meters, green percentage is high, with fresh air, and cultivation base surrounding is polluted without Industrial " three Waste ",

2. land resources

The selection in place will meet the requirement of epidemic prevention, preferably away from other animal farms, can have a good transport service, and water, electricity are sufficient, and optimum place is sandy grassland, and ground important and influential persons is smooth, not ponding.

3. water resource

Cultivation base underground water, has enough water surface areas and drinking water source, and the sanitary of water sources ensured,

4. climatic resources

Indoor air temperature not higher than 30 degrees Celsius,

5. subfield

Subfield in feed lot, the area on each hurdle about 30-50 square metres, as foster kind of blue gene, 1-2 combinations (each be combined as 1 male 1 female) can be put in every hurdle, subfield material available iron gauze, but note can not spinosity, in case injure blue gene, the upper end the most handy plastic pipe bag of net is appropriate

6. shading shed is set

Each hurdle should arrange the shading shed of about 20 square metres, and under canopy, feed feed with anti-rain, feed dish, water pond can with soft aluminium dishes, or and the crate tire cleaned to isolate use, should not cement tub be built, in case hinder bird pin, can padded 10 centimeters of sand under canopy, convenient kind of a bird is laid eggs

(2) nestling is raised

First week of nestling, is most critical, needs carefully to observe, and beginning 2 days, nestling consumed self yolk capsule, does not need foodstuff, after 3 days, nestling often can hold food and drinking-water, hold food after most junior three sky, running check nestling, discovery diarrhea, should treat immediately.

Nestling to open food very important, carefulness, patience be had, it during beginning, must be lured to search for food, constantly flog rearing tray with finger and fiddle with feed, drawing it and search for food, within second day, do so again, until 4-6 days, till allowing it naturally take food,

The feed of 3 age in days nestlings, based on vegetable feed, feed of animal origin is auxiliary, chick one week rear feed intake increases gradually, and every day, except certain fine fodder, also suitably will increase green forage and comprise fresh kidney beans, green onion leaf, little leek, plantain seed and sunflower etc., also ripe egg and the carrot of chopping can be used, drinking-water also should add vitamin, and will have color, and such birdling can initiatively drink water.

Artificial feeding blue gene, generally there will be more serious food hair phenomenon, is referred to as food hair disease.Prevention and controls: build the fowl canopy adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, suitable its carries out sand-bath, and often wants fowl canopy cleaning.On the other hand, also will prevent and treat white diarrhea, a discovery is ill, should namely prevent and treat, or gives an preventive injection, and in addition, a monthly age bird favorite eats foreign matter, and do not allow it eat too much, birdling also can stand cold weather, but first winter, infrared lamp had better be provided to be incubated.

(3) in, bird is become to raise

After January, blue gene ratio is easier to raise, and does not need what specific process, mainly during each blowing, notices that whether its appetite is normal, notices that whether its defecation is normal, if normally, does not just need to take care of, if abnormal, need due to illness treat.

1. the raising of finishing period

When blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, body weight has reached 320 grams, can adapt to various natural conditions, should change and feed finishing period feed, be transitioned into finishing period from brood time, feed be carried out and more change jobs, way is: within the 1st week after de-temperature, still feed material of brooding, second week 2/3 material of brooding adds 1/3 incubation material, within the 3rd week, adds 2/3 incubation material, all with incubation material from 4th week with 1/3 material of brooding.Along with the increase of blue gene age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, should allow its green forage of searching for food as far as possible, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture.

2. the management of finishing period

Blue gene more than 3 monthly ages can be raised outside house in spring and summer.Blue gene is former moves in Gobi desert, careless beach district, and cultured area and playground must be large, increase its amount of exercise, raising canopy and sports ground will pad sand, the grains of sand are of moderate size, and spreading husky thickness is 10 cm, and sports ground can adopt part to spread sand, plant some trees of shading simultaneously or build shading shed, blue gene is had a sweet temper, and easily gets a fright, and easily causes wound and difficult labour, so the peace and quiet of plant's surrounding environment will be ensured, avoid that steam whistle, mechanical impact, explosion etc. are sudden to be rung strongly.

(4) epidemic prevention requires and disease medication

1. to prevent epidemic requirement

A, should to introduce from the reliable anosis kind of blue gene field of provenance, select physically fit, that premunition is strong improved seeds, reduce disease incident.

B, do feeding and management and sanitation and hygiene well, this is prophylactic basic measures, adheres to correct raising, appropriate management, and Tibetan Snow Cock group normal growth is grown, and physique is healthy and strong, just can build up one's resistance to disease, implement the policy of " putting prevention first ",

A, rationally to feed clean drinking-water, according to the needs of blue gene different phase, fully met the demand of nutriment, forbid feeding moldy metamorphism feed, drinking water will clean, and the smelly water of sewage must not be drunk,

B, creation adapt circumstance condition, the layout of blue gene house and structure are wanted rationally, will maintain a certain distance between house, to reduce the chance that epidemic disease is propagated, well-ventilated wanted by hen house, temperature, humidity are suitable, keep hen house to clean, the flock of birds of different cultivars and all ages and classes will separately be raised, and carries out " all in all out " system, with immunological disease cross-infection

C, do assanation well, remove the rubbish heap around hen house and foreign material heap, increase and put the anti-mousetrap, mouse blocking plate, go up wire net and sky net all around at hen house, prevent mouse, worm enters, thus reduce it to the infringement of feed and transmission of disease.

D, to pay attention to personal hygiene, staff marches into the arena will change footwear, wash one's hands, Migrant women must not enter hen house without permission without authorization, and staff and apparatus will be fixed.

E, forbid that other birds enter hen house, in case generation ill altogether.

2. regularly sterilize

The object of sterilization kills pathogene, cuts off route of transmission, prevent the generation of disease and spread.

A, enter the personnel of chicken house production area, will take off without exception, deposit private shoes and hats and inside and outside clothes, through shower, to substitute in interior work clothes, then allow to enter production area, the work clothes, cap etc. dressed in production area must not pass production area, work clothes will wash weekly, then high-temperature sterilization once.

Every 2 weeks of B, the hen house limewash of 1% sprays 3 times, often criticizes after blue gene raises and terminate, will thoroughly eliminate chicken manure and dirt, ground lime water spray disinfectant.

3. Chinese medicine bag for preventing infectious disease

Although the premunition of blue gene is comparatively strong, or according to rational immune programme for children, should start Chinese herbal medicine epidemic preventing working in good time, to strengthen the immunity of blue gene, the generation kept off infection, according to the feature of blue gene growth cycle, should bring into use Chinese herbal feed additive at 15-20 ages in days.

6th step: the warming fowl canopy transformation of experimental group

Experimental group is brooded to give up and be bred as to give up and is separately added heat-insulation layer (thickness is the color steel warming plate of 10cm), and fence separately adds rain cover and heat insulating cloth, reaches the effect that maintenance in winter is warm, summer keeps dry,

7th step: innovation feed formula

(1) concentrated feed kind

1. protein feeds: vegetable feed has dregs of beans, colza cake and sunflower seed cake etc., these feeds are containing protein 35%-50%, about 10% of feed total amount can be accounted for, feed of animal origin has ant egg, fish meal, egg, animal tankage, silkworm chrysalis, feather meal, blood meal, fly maggot etc., containing protein 40%-80%, the 20%-25% of feed total amount can be accounted for.

2. energy feed: comprise corn, wheat, highland barley etc., wherein energy content be about 13.0 million burnt/kilogram, bran fodder energy is low, capacity large, and is rich in raw fiber, just meeting the nutritional need of ostrich, so 10% of feed total amount can be accounted for as wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran, Chinese sorghum chaff etc.

3. mineral matter and feed of animal origin: conch meal, zeolite powder, bone meal, salt, calcium bicarbonate, methionine, lysine, multivitamin, trace element and pork liver lung etc., Deng being that blue gene grows indispensable required material equally, 8% of feed total amount can be accounted for.

(2) concentrated feed formula

The raw material that blue gene concentrated feed uses and pig, chicken are similar, and maximum feature can use grass meal in a large number,

In the compound of 1. 1-3 monthly age nestling, the content of thick protein is about 20%, it is to calcium, chick is compared in the requirement of the mineral matter elements such as phosphorus, duck is high, the feed of some calcics can be added as conch meal in feed, calcium carbonate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate etc., if feed chick with chicken feed, the bone meal of 2%-2.5% should be added, effectively can prevent the generation of leg disease, nestling feed is corn 56%, highland barley 6%, dregs of beans 12%, wheat bran 3%, fish meal 6%, alfalfa meal 10%, salt 0.4%, calcium bicarbonate 1.8%, conch meal 0.8%, bone meal 3%, methionine 0.4%, lysine 0.4%, multivitamin 0.1%, trace element 0.1%,

2. the finishing period blue gene more than 3 monthly ages should change material in hello vegetative period, protein and crude fiber content are 16%-17%, also will note supplementing of calcium, phosphorus, the calcium Phosphorus requirement of finishing period blue gene is than Young cock high 15%-20%, and finishing period feed is corn 46% simultaneously, highland barley 6%, dregs of beans 8%, wheat bran 10%, fish meal 4%, alfalfa meal 20%, salt 0.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, conch meal 0.5%, bone meal 2.5%, methionine 0.2%, lysine 0.2%, multivitamin 0.1%, trace element 0.1%

3. the key of laying period blue gene raising is the daily ration of balance between supply and demand, particularly the quantity delivered of energy can not be too much, otherwise female blue gene will be fat, causing lays eggs significantly declines or stops production, in concentrated feed, gross protein value is advisable with 18%, the content of calcium and available phosphorus is respectively 3% and 1%, and the content of lysine and methionine+cystine is respectively 0.90% and 0.75%

Laying period blue gene vitamin with trace element requirement difference compared with kind of chicken little, vitamin needed for blue gene is except vitamin E, pantothenic acid, vitamin h are similar to kind chicken, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, choline requirement are also more similar than kind of chicken, laying period, feed was corn 54%, dregs of beans 9%, wheat bran 2%, fish meal 5%, alfalfa meal 20%, salt 0.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, conch meal 0.6%, bone meal 3.3%, methionine 0.25%, lysine 0.25%, multidimensional 0.1%, trace element 0.1%.

(3) roughage

Blue gene roughage, based on green forage, comprises Chinese cabbage, spinach, carrot, tomato etc., accounts for 75% of whole daily ration, green forage must fresh, without rot, without pesticide pollution, clean be not with earth, before feeding chopping, length is 0.5-3 centimetre, puts free choice feeding in groove.

Less demanding to roughage of blue gene, generally should using various green beans and section herbage, gramineous forage grass as the feed of blue gene, and comprise clover, corn etc., in reality is raised, various green forage is reasonably combined, and its feeding effect is better.

1, artificial incubation rate and strong young rate result contrast

In June, 2010, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces, blue gene egg, and wherein control group (first group) utilizes comprising temperature, humidity etc. at height above sea level more than the 3000 various hatching technique parameters in meter district and carrying out blue gene hatching of document record; Experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) is according to height above sea level about 3000 meters local climates and geographical environment, various hatching technique parameter is comprised temperature, humidity etc. done suitable adjustment and carry out blue gene hatching, its artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison as shown in table 1:

Table 1:2010 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2011, control group and experimental group repeat artificial incubation in 2010 experiment, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 2 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 2:2011 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2012, control group and experimental group respectively enter to incubate 30 pieces, blue gene egg, all utilize the various hatching technique parameter of Part of Qinghai Plateau environment to comprise temperature, humidity etc. and carry out blue gene hatching, wherein oxygen deprivation gas in control group (first group) hatch machine, increase oxygen in experimental group (second group, the 3rd group) hatch machine to hatch, its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 3 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 3:2012 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

In April, 2013, seminar repeats the experiment of 2012, and its artificial incubation rate is as shown in table 4 with strong young rate results of comparison:

Table 4:2013 artificial incubation rate and strong young rate results of comparison

Can be found out by table 1 and table 2 twice experimental result, the various parameters indiscriminately imitating high altitude localities in low altitude area carry out artificial incubation blue gene, and its incubation rate is minimum, only has 50%-60%.Table 3 and table 4 twice experimental result are comprehensively contrasted, and experimental group is 18-25 DEG C in room temperature, and incubation temperature is 38-39.5 DEG C, relative moisture is 60-70%, and when increasing oxygen in hatch machine, blue gene hatching is more, incubation rate is higher, can reach about 85%; Strong young rate can reach more than 90%.

2, the contrast of survival rate result is cultivated

1. in December ,-2011 in August, 2010, seminar researcher at twice, each three groups blue gene is brooded repeat experiment, wherein control group (first group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is carry out experiment of brooding in 40 days; Experimental group (second group) is brooded indoor oxygen deprivation gas, and the de-temperature time is 30 days, and experimental group (the 3rd group) is brooded indoor increasing oxygen, and the de-temperature time is test for 40 days, and Brooding Viability results of comparison is as shown in table 5, table 6:

Table 5:2010 Brooding Viability results of comparison

Table 6:2011 Brooding Viability results of comparison

The results show, de-warm number of days is 40 days, and brood time is 30 days, and in indoor another oxygen of brooding, ostrich chicks physique is better, and more easily adapt to high altitude environment and weather, Brooding Viability is higher, can reach more than 90%.

2. 2012-2013, researcher carries out the cultivation of common fowl canopy to blue gene at twice and the cultivation of warming fowl canopy finishing period repeats experiment, and experiment contrast result is as shown in table 7, table 8:

Table 7:2012 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

Table 8:2013 cultivates survival rate results of comparison

His-and-hers watches 7 and table 8 carry out global alignment and can find out, adopt warming fowl canopy to cultivate, blue gene survival rate can reach about 85%, apparently higher than common fowl canopy cultivation survival rate.Because blue gene generally can not produce epidemic disease, between brood time, blue gene death is natural death, and rainy day or temperature fall suddenly, easily occurs flocking together and steps on crowded situation, cause death.But, on the basis carrying out the work such as daily sterilization, immunity, should note keeping farming site dry, open, prevent the wet and slippery blue gene tumble injury situation that causes from occurring, also should note the common diseases such as prevention and control food hair disease, pullorum disease.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art; under the premise of not departing from the present invention; the some improvement can also made the present invention and supplement, these improve and supplement, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

S1 utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology ", obtains early stage young blue gene;

S2 simulates and improves production environment, improve kind of a blue gene fertilization rate, according to the particular surroundings of high altitude localities, blue gene incubation temperature and humidity, brooding temperature and humidity are adjusted respectively, and guarantees that place is dry, cultivation temperature pleasant, reduce cultivation density, increase kind of blue gene feed intake and amount of drinking water, blue gene male and female proportioning is set as 1:1, improve kind of a bird fertilization rate;

The blue gene hatch machine of S3 design specialized, wets in hatch machine in the temperature automatically controlled control of existing micro computer, adds super-silent oxygen supply pump, oxygen content detector, and improves the size of incubation plate;

S4 works out blue gene artificial incubation technique flow process, comprising:

The collection of S401 kind egg and storage, planting egg must from excellent, healthy flock of birds, when selecting kind of egg, first the kind egg that shell egg, husky shell egg, sheetmetal egg and shape are not accordant to the old routine is chosen, more than 24 hours will be stored to the kind egg of firm output, the temperature of preserving is 13-15 DEG C, the relatively suitable humidity of conserving species egg is 65%-70%, notes the ventilation of storeroom, when planting egg preservation, greatly upside down, 1 time should be stirred every day;

S402 carries out the disinfecting of kind of egg;

S403 controls incubation temperature, and room temperature, when 18-25 DEG C, adopts constant temperature method hatching, and plant egg can by large, medium and small or heavy, medium and light three class, carry out extension set hatching, to improve incubation rate and strong young rate;

S404 hatching management, when entering to incubate, make blue gene ovum large head-up, to distinguish batch according to storage period, laying period, conscientiously record, can not mix and incubate; Want egg-turning in hatching process, every 2 hours egg-turnings once, egg-turning angle is 90 °-100 °;

S5 works out the blue gene artificial culture technology flow process of specification, comprising:

S501 breeding environment is selected, and selects suitable growing environment, carries out subfield raising, and arrange shading shed on every hurdle in feed lot;

S502 nestling is raised, and nestling opened food after initial 2-3 days, opens food feeding brood time concentrated feed, constantly flogs rearing tray and fiddle with feed, draw it and search for food, until 4-6 days, till nestling takes food naturally by finger; In the concentrated feed of 4-6 days, increase vegetables, in drinking-water, add vitamin;

S503 builds the fowl canopy adapted with blue gene vegetative activity rule, and suitable its carries out sand-bath, and wants often to fowl canopy cleaning, to prevent the food hair disease of blue gene;

In S504, bird is become to raise, when blue gene grew to for 1 monthly age, change finishing period concentrated feed into, finishing period is transitioned into from brood time, carry out feed more to change jobs, be specially the 1st week after de-temperature and still feed brood time concentrated feed, second week 2/3 brood time concentrated feed adds 1/3 finishing period concentrated feed, within 3rd week, add 2/3 finishing period concentrated feed with 1/3 brood time fine fodder, from 4th week, all use finishing period concentrated feed; And along with the increase of blue gene age in days, absorb coarse-fibred ability and strengthen gradually, allow its green forage of searching for food, the scale of feeding of restriction concentrate mixture;

S505 carries out regular sterilization and epidemic prevention;

S6 is bred as and gathers.

2. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete mode of described step S1 is:

S101 selects the kind blue gene with good gene to lay eggs, and utilizes family chicken " generation incubates technology " continuous seepage three generations blue gene;

The young blue gene obtained is put in a suitable place to breed separately by S102, reduces accusing each other between blue gene, makes the wilder blue gene of its disposition more heater element.

3. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 2, is characterized in that, when putting young blue gene in a suitable place to breed in described S102, it is every 6 square metres of 1 young blue gene that cultivation density ensures.

4. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, incubation temperature improves 0.5 DEG C-1 DEG C, hatching relative moisture improves 3%-5%, brooding temperature improves 2 DEG C-3 DEG C, relative moisture of brooding improves 2%-3%, and brood time extends 7-10 days.

5. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, incubation plate volume after improving in described step S3 is 1350 × 105 × 1200mm, oxygen supply pump noise is no more than 45 decibels, going out oxygen amount is 3.0L/min, and in hatch machine, oxygen content in air remains on 21%-22%.

6. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, if storage life was more than 7 days in described step S401, needs to reduce temperature and preserves.

7. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete mode of the disinfecting of described step S402 kind egg is wipe ovum storeroom floor once with thimerosal in every 2 days, the cleaning comprehensively every 2 weeks, sterilization, and fumigate with formalin solution, after blue gene is laid eggs, ovum is sent into hatching house's sterilization, every cubic metre, disinfectant formalin 42mL, potassium permanganate 21g, stifling 30 minutes, before entering to incubate, the disinfectant not exceeding 40 DEG C by temperature soaks 20-30 minute, then dry kind of egg with the dry gauze of sterilizing can enter to incubate, Ru Fuhou hatching house dragged wiping once every 2 days with disinfectant in floor, wall, the every two weeks disinfectant of ceiling sprays once, within one month, carry out cleaning comprehensively once, before each hatching, the disinfectant wiping one time of inside and outside hatch machine and surface, and use formalin fumigation.

8. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S403, incubation condition is specially into incubating 1-10 days, and incubation temperature controls at 39 DEG C, and hatching humid control is at 65%-70%; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, incubation temperature controls at 38 DEG C-38.5 DEG C, hatching humid control 65%, enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, incubation temperature controls at 36 DEG C-37 DEG C, hatching humid control 60%; Proceeding to young-generating machine humidity should relatively improve, is 60%-65%, and embryonic development needs ozone and sufficient oxygen, regular ventilation, and especially later stage heat production is more, needs cooling egg, and the cooling egg time enters to incubate 1-10 days, 5-10 minute; Enter to incubate 11-24 days, 10-20 minute; Enter to incubate 25 days-go out shell, 20-30 minute.

9. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S502, the drinking-water of nestling has color, and such nestling can initiatively drink water.

10. blue gene artificial breeding method under high altitude environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described concentrated feed proportioning is by weight:

The brood time concentrated feed of 1-3 monthly age nestling, corn 56 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 12 parts, 3 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 6 parts, alfalfa meal 10 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium bicarbonate 1.8 parts, conch meal 0.8 part, bone meal 3 parts, methionine 0.4 part, lysine 0.4 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

3 the monthly age above nestling finishing period concentrated feed, corn 46 parts, 6 parts, highland barley, dregs of beans 8 parts, 10 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 4 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.5 part, bone meal 2.5 parts, methionine 0.2 part, lysine 0.2 part, multivitamin 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part;

Laying period concentrated feed, corn 54 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 2 parts, wheat bran, fish meal 5 parts, alfalfa meal 20 parts, salt 0.4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2 parts, conch meal 0.6 part, bone meal 3.3 parts, methionine 0.25 part, lysine 0.25 part, multidimensional 0.1 part, trace element 0.1 part.