CN111567479A - Fast-growing black pig breeding method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast-growing black pig breeding method, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a farm is built in an area which is far away from crowds, is high and dry in terrain, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has good drainage, the production area function of the farm needs to be clearly divided, the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the farm is determined according to the feeding scale, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and at the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the feeding density is appropriately reduced in summer, and the feeding density can be appropriately improved in winter. According to the fast-growing black pig breeding method, the black pigs are fed with different feeds according to different growth periods of the black pigs, rich nutrient substances are guaranteed to be provided for the black pigs, the piglet feeds are fed only after being cooked, intestinal digestion burden of the piglets is relieved, and therefore the content of harmful gas in pig manure is reduced, meanwhile, the piglets can be helped to absorb the nutrient substances in the feeds, and growth and development of the black pigs are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of black pig breeding, in particular to a fast-growing black pig breeding method.
Background
Black pigs have a nearly five-thousand-year domestication history in China, a dead space in Shun-ploughing in mountain areas in south and Ji-Yang river-flowing areas in south and Ji-Yang areas are important inheritance areas for livestock breeding in ancient times, black pigs grow slowly and are low in weight, black pigs grow only 150 jin a year, white pigs grow into China at the end of the last century and are almost completely killed, vain black pigs are modern rare protective populations, black pigs are black in whole body, uniform in structure, strong in limbs, slightly long in head shape, transverse wrinkles (two deep wrinkles similar to eyebrows) at the forehead, the two obvious deep wrinkles are just obtained, local people refer to the black pigs as ' two eyebrows pigs ', black pigs are medium in ears, soft and drooping, have little skin, are rarely wrinkled under the neck, straight back and straight waists, large in abdomen but not dragging ground, and later pigs are weak, 12.7 average head of black pigs ' are weak, the weight of an adult boar is about 117kg generally, the weight of an adult sow is about 95kg generally, under the standard feeding condition, the live weight of the adult boar at the age of 240 days can reach about 92 kg, the average daily gain in the fattening period is 509g, the meat quality of the black pig is good, the color and luster is bright red, tender and succulent, the marbling is obvious, the fat quality is good, the color is white and glossy, the body is glittering and translucent, and the carcass lean meat percentage is about 46%.
With the development of economy, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the demand of people on pig black products is more and more large, in recent years, the pig raising industry in China is rapidly developed, the scale and the production level are also greatly improved, but compared with white pigs, the black pigs are longer in feeding period and slower in weight increasing speed, the requirements of markets cannot be met, the black pig industry is greatly impacted, some feeders use certain hormone feeds to shorten the feeding period of the black pigs and enable the black pigs to grow rapidly, the black pigs grown in the mode are poorer in meat quality, the nutritional values of the black pigs are greatly reduced, and the disease rate of the black pigs in the feeding process is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fast-growing black pig breeding method, which solves the problems of long breeding period and slow growth of black pigs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fast-growing black pig breeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a farm is built in an area which is far away from people, is high and dry in terrain, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has good drainage, the function of a production area of the farm needs to be clearly divided, so that the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the farm is determined according to the feeding scale, the height of a house generally needs to be 2.5-4 m, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and at the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the feeding density is appropriately reduced in summer, the feeding density can be appropriately improved in winter, the height of a fence wall of the pigsty is 0.8-1 m, a trough and a drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 1-3%, the urination and drainage are facilitated, the cleaning and the drying can be facilitated, a drainage channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air farm communicated with the inside of the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, and the black pigs can be regularly;
s2, selecting piglets: generally selecting 7-8 months old breeding pigs with the weight of more than 40kg for introduction, and recommending to a normal breeding pig farm to select the breeding pigs, wherein the boars have strong limbs, developed and powerful hind houses, and large and symmetrical testes; the sow has the advantages that the four limbs are firm, the waist is straight, and the abdomen is large without dragging the ground; more than 6 pairs of nipples are required, and the nipples are uniform; the genitals are completely developed, a period of time is required to be isolated after introduction, about one month at the latest, the group can be mixed only after the complete normality of the pig group is observed, so that the selected piglets after black pig mating have good mental status, strong physique and strong four limbs, and are convenient to feed;
s3, management of piglets:
A. eating the primary emulsion: artificial auxiliary foot colostrum is eaten within 1 hour after the piglets grow;
B. heat preservation and pressure prevention: the suitable temperature of the piglets is as follows: keeping air fresh when the 1-7 days old is 31.8-28.3 ℃ and the 8-30 days old is 27.7-23.5 ℃, arranging a heat preservation box or a heat preservation chamber for piglets, nursing the piglets, and installing a baby protection fence in the delivery fence;
C. iron supplement, canine tooth cutting and tail breaking treatment: within 2-3 days of the postnatal age of the piglets, carrying out intramuscular injection of an iron preparation, cutting off canine teeth and carrying out tail breaking treatment, wherein the dosage of each iron preparation is 100-150 mg;
D. starting food and supplementing materials: training piglets to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, training piglets at the age of 7 days to eat, and completely eating the piglets at the age of 20 days, and feeding the piglets for 5-6 times a day;
E. castration: castrating piglets at 7-10 days of age;
F. weaning: weaning piglets at 21-28 days of age, feeding piglets with feedstuff to make them feed freely;
G. and (3) sanitation and disinfection: cleaning the housing and removing dung for 2 times every day, and disinfecting the channel in the housing for 1 time every week;
H. and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: inoculating the swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after the piglet comes;
s4, feeding management:
A. when the piglets grow to 30-40 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized piggery for feed containment, and are fed for 25-35 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 25-35 parts of cassava flour, 20-30 parts of bran, 14-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 6-8 parts of malt, 8-12 parts of hawthorn powder, 8-10 parts of protein powder, 4-6 parts of carrots and 15-30 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding time is arranged to avoid the hottest time in noon and the most frequent time period of personnel activities;
B. when the piglets grow to 40-70 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for each ring of 2-4 pigs, and driving the piglets to an open-air farm for stocking every day between 8-9 am and 17-18 pm;
C. when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed for three times every day, wherein the feeding times are respectively 7-8 am, 11:30-12 noon: 30 and 6-7 o' clock at night, the conventional feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of wheat, 40-50 parts of sweet potato, 25-35 parts of potato, 15-25 parts of rice, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of vegetable leaves, 30-40 parts of green grass and 15-25 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely fed without limiting the feed amount, the feed remained in a feeding trough is cleaned after each feeding, the feed is washed by clear water, and the black pig is driven to an open-air farm to be put in the open air to breed when the feed reaches about 90 kg in the interval between 8-9 am and 17-18 pm every day;
s5, cultivation management: sterilizing on time, making the inside of the cage clean, and cleaning and removing excrement and dirt every day; thoroughly disinfecting the cage with a disinfectant 1 time every day, performing immunization, performing triple vaccine injection according to a pig epidemic prevention program, timely expelling parasites, washing stomach and invigorating stomach, performing 2 nd time after 60 days, and paying attention to humidity and temperature management of the pig, wherein the suitable temperature of the pig is 15-25 ℃, the relative humidity is 55% -60%, and if the temperature and the humidity are too high, sunstroke and metabolic disturbance are easily caused, so when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ in summer, the cage needs to be cooled with water at noon, and a shed is built for shading; if the temperature and the humidity are too low, the pig body has much heat dissipation and consumes much feed, the raising cost is increased, so that the cold protection and the warm keeping are needed in winter, hay with the thickness of 10-15cm needs to be laid in a cage, and meanwhile, the feed needs to be mixed with warm water.
Preferably, in step S3, the disinfectant is one of Baijunxiao, Suxiaodi, Xiaowei and Baidudu.
Preferably, in step S4, the open air farm drives the piglets to walk for at least 2 km when the piglets grow for 40-70 days, and drives the piglets to walk for at least 5 km when the piglets grow for more than 80 days.
Preferably, in step S4, the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of milk powder, 4-8 parts of vitamin C, 4-8 parts of beta-carotene, 10-16 parts of honey and 40-50 parts of purified water.
Preferably, in the step S4, the total feeding amount of the weaning feed is 2-6% of the weight of the black piglet, and the mass ratio of the feed, the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix in the step S4 is 3-7: 1: 1-3.
Preferably, in the step S4, the raising and stocking are alternately performed at intervals of 20 to 30 days.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a fast-growing black pig breeding method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fast-growing black pig breeding method comprises the following steps of S4: when the piglets grow to 30-40 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized piggery for feed containment, and are fed for 25-35 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 25-35 parts of cassava flour, 20-30 parts of bran, 14-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 6-8 parts of malt, 8-12 parts of hawthorn powder, 8-10 parts of protein powder, 4-6 parts of carrots and 15-30 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding time is arranged to avoid the hottest time in noon and the most frequent time period of personnel activities; when the piglets grow to 40-70 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for each ring of 2-4 pigs, and driving the piglets to an open-air farm for stocking every day between 8-9 am and 17-18 pm; when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed for three times every day, wherein the feeding times are respectively 7-8 am, 11:30-12 noon: 30 and 6-7 o' clock at night, the conventional feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of wheat, 40-50 parts of sweet potato, 25-35 parts of potato, 15-25 parts of rice, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of vegetable leaves, 30-40 parts of green grass and 15-25 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely eaten without limiting the feed amount, the feed remained in a feeding trough is cleaned after each feeding, the feed is washed by clear water, the black pig is driven to an open farm to be put in the open farm when the feed reaches about 90 kg, the black pig is fed by different feeds according to different growth periods of the black pig, rich nutrient substances are guaranteed to be provided for the black pig, the feed of the piglet is fed after being cooked, the intestinal digestion burden of the piglet is relieved, the content of harmful gas in the excrement of the pig is reduced, and the piglet can be helped to absorb the nutrient substances in the feed, promoting the growth and development of black pigs.
(2) The fast-growing black pig breeding method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight through weaning feed: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 25-35 parts of cassava flour, 20-30 parts of bran, 14-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 6-8 parts of malt, 8-12 parts of hawthorn powder, 8-10 parts of protein powder, 4-6 parts of carrots and 15-30 parts of green vegetable leaves, and the conventional feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed is prepared from 40-50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of wheat, 40-50 parts of sweet potato, 25-35 parts of potato, 15-25 parts of rice, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of vegetable leaves, 30-40 parts of green grass and 15-25 parts of carrot according to different components and proportions, and is fed in different growth stages of black pigs to improve the vitality, appetite and fattening effects of the black pigs.
(3) The fast-growing black pig breeding method comprises the following steps of: the breeding farm is to be built in an area which is far away from people, has high and dry terrain, faces the sun in a lee and drains water well, the function of the production area of the breeding farm needs to be clearly divided, the later clear management is convenient, the size of the pigsty inside the breeding farm is determined according to the breeding scale, the height of the house generally needs to be 2.5-4 m, the front and the back of the pigsty are provided with proper windows to ensure lighting and ventilation, the breeding density is properly reduced in summer, the breeding density can be properly improved in winter, the height of the fence wall is 0.8-1 m, a trough and a water drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 1-3%, the pigsty is convenient to drain urine and water, the cleaning and the drying can be facilitated, a sewage drainage channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air breeding farm communicated with the inside the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, the black pigs are suitable for being regularly released, the area faces the sun in a, The water source is rich, the black pig is fed, the growth environment of the black pig is good, the resources are rich, the healthy growth of the black pig is facilitated, the pigsty is cleaned regularly, the environmental sanitation of the pigsty is kept, and the disease rate of the black pig is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a fast-growing black pig breeding method specifically comprises the following embodiments:
example 1
S1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a farm is built in an area which is far away from people, has high and dry terrain, is leeward and sunny and has good drainage, the function of the production area of the farm needs to be clearly divided, so that the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the farm is determined according to the feeding scale, the height of a house generally needs to be 3.5 meters, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the feeding density is properly reduced in summer, the feeding density can be properly improved in winter, the height of a fence wall of the pigsty is 0.9 meter, a trough and a drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 2 percent, the urination and the drainage are facilitated, meanwhile, the cleaning and the drying are facilitated, a pollution discharge channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air farm communicated with the inside of the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, and the black pigs are;
s2, selecting piglets: generally selecting 7.5-month-old boars with the weight of more than 40kg for introduction, and recommending to a normal breeding pig farm for introducing the boars, wherein the boars have strong limbs, developed and powerful hind houses, and large and symmetrical testes; the sow has the advantages that the four limbs are firm, the waist is straight, and the abdomen is large without dragging the ground; more than 6 pairs of nipples are required, and the nipples are uniform; the genitals are completely developed, a period of time is required to be isolated after introduction, about one month at the latest, the group can be mixed only after the complete normality of the pig group is observed, so that the selected piglets after black pig mating have good mental status, strong physique and strong four limbs, and are convenient to feed;
s3, management of piglets:
A. eating the primary emulsion: artificial auxiliary foot colostrum is eaten within 1 hour after the piglets grow;
B. heat preservation and pressure prevention: the suitable temperature of the piglets is as follows: keeping the air fresh when the 4-day-old piglet is 29.5 ℃ and the 8-30-day-old piglet is 25.5 ℃, arranging a heat preservation box or a heat preservation chamber for the piglet, nursing the piglet, and installing a baby protection fence in the delivery fence;
C. iron supplement, canine tooth cutting and tail breaking treatment: within 2 days of the postnatal age of the piglets, carrying out intramuscular injection of an iron preparation, cutting off canine teeth and carrying out tail breaking treatment, wherein each dose of iron is 125 mg;
D. starting food and supplementing materials: training piglets to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, training piglets at the age of 7 days to eat, and completely eating the piglets at the age of 20 days, and feeding the piglets for 5 times a day;
E. castration: castrating piglets at 8 days of age;
F. weaning: weaning piglets at the age of 25 days, feeding the piglets with piglet feed to enable the piglets to eat the feed freely;
G. and (3) sanitation and disinfection: cleaning the housing and removing dung for 2 times every day, and disinfecting the channel in the housing for 1 time every week;
H. and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: inoculating the swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after the piglet comes;
s4, feeding management:
A. when the piglets grow for 35 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized pigsty for feed containment, and are fed for 30 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn flour, 30 parts of cassava flour, 25 parts of bran, 16 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 7 parts of malt, 10 parts of hawthorn powder, 9 parts of protein powder, 5 parts of carrots and 22 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding is scheduled to avoid the hottest weather at noon and the most frequent time interval of personnel activities;
B. when the piglets grow to 55 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for 3 pigs per ring, and driving the piglets to an open-air farm for stocking in the interval between 8 am and 17 pm every day;
C. when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed, the feeding frequency is three times every day, namely 7 o ' clock in the morning, 12 o ' clock in the noon and 6 o ' clock in the evening, and the conventional feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 25 parts of wheat, 45 parts of sweet potato, 30 parts of potato, 20 parts of rice, 30 parts of wheat bran, 35 parts of vegetable leaves, 35 parts of green grass and 20 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely eaten, the food consumption is not limited, the feed remained in a feeding groove is cleaned after feeding every time, the feeding groove is washed by clear water, the black pig is driven to an open-air breeding farm to be put in the open-air breeding farm every day between 8 am and 17 pm, and the black pig is required to be discharged when the black pig is bred to about 90 kg;
s5, cultivation management: sterilizing on time, making the inside of the cage clean, and cleaning and removing excrement and dirt every day; thoroughly disinfecting the cage with a disinfectant 1 time every day, performing immunization, performing triple vaccine injection according to a pig epidemic prevention program, timely expelling parasites, washing stomach and invigorating stomach, performing 2 nd time after 60 days, and paying attention to humidity and temperature management of the pig, wherein the suitable temperature of the pig is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 57%, and if the temperature and the humidity are too high, sunstroke and metabolic disturbance are easily caused, so when the temperature in summer exceeds 28 ℃, the cage needs to be washed with water in the noon, and the cage is covered with a shed for shading; if the temperature and the humidity are too low, the pig body has much heat dissipation and consumes much feed, the raising cost is increased, therefore, the cold protection and the warm keeping are needed in winter, hay with the thickness of 13cm needs to be laid in a cage, and meanwhile, the feed needs to be mixed with warm water.
Example 2
S1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a farm is built in an area which is far away from people, has high and dry terrain, is leeward and sunny and has good drainage, the function of the production area of the farm needs to be clearly divided, so that the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the farm is determined according to the feeding scale, the height of a house generally needs to be 2.5 meters, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the feeding density is properly reduced in summer, the feeding density can be properly improved in winter, the height of a fence wall of the pigsty is 0.8 meters, a trough and a drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 1 percent, the urination and the drainage are facilitated, meanwhile, the cleaning and the drying are facilitated, a pollution discharge channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air farm communicated with the inside of the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, and the black pigs are;
s2, selecting piglets: generally selecting 7-month-old boars with the weight of more than 40kg for introduction, and recommending to a normal breeding pig farm for introducing the boars, wherein the boars have strong limbs, developed and powerful hind bodies and large and symmetrical testicles; the sow has the advantages that the four limbs are firm, the waist is straight, and the abdomen is large without dragging the ground; more than 6 pairs of nipples are required, and the nipples are uniform; the genitals are completely developed, a period of time is required to be isolated after introduction, about one month at the latest, the group can be mixed only after the complete normality of the pig group is observed, so that the selected piglets after black pig mating have good mental status, strong physique and strong four limbs, and are convenient to feed;
s3, management of piglets:
A. eating the primary emulsion: artificial auxiliary foot colostrum is eaten within 1 hour after the piglets grow;
B. heat preservation and pressure prevention: the suitable temperature of the piglets is as follows: keeping the air fresh when the 1-day-old piglet is 31.8 ℃ and the 8-30-day-old piglet is 27.7 ℃, arranging a heat preservation box or a heat preservation chamber for the piglet, nursing the piglet, and installing a nursery pen in the delivery pen;
C. iron supplement, canine tooth cutting and tail breaking treatment: within 2-3 days of the postnatal age of the piglets, carrying out intramuscular injection of an iron preparation, cutting off canine teeth and carrying out tail breaking treatment, wherein the dosage of each iron preparation is 100 mg;
D. starting food and supplementing materials: training piglets to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, training piglets at the age of 7 days to eat, and completely eating the piglets at the age of 20 days, and feeding the piglets for 5 times a day;
E. castration: castrating piglets at 7 days of age;
F. weaning: weaning piglets at 21 days of age, feeding the piglets with feed for feeding the piglets to allow the piglets to eat freely;
G. and (3) sanitation and disinfection: cleaning the housing and removing dung for 2 times every day, and disinfecting the channel in the housing for 1 time every week;
H. and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: inoculating the swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after the piglet comes;
s4, feeding management:
A. when the piglets grow to 30-40 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized piggery for feed containment, and are fed for 25 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed is prepared from 30 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of cassava flour, 20 parts of bran, 14 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 6 parts of malt, 8 parts of hawthorn powder, 8 parts of protein powder, 4 parts of carrots and 15 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding is scheduled to avoid the hottest weather at noon and the most frequent periods of personnel activities;
B. when the piglets grow to 40 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for 2 pigs per ring, and driving the piglets to an open-air breeding farm for breeding at 8 am and 17 pm every day;
C. when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed, the feeding times are three times every day, namely 7 am, 11:30 am and 6 pm, and the conventional feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn, 20 parts of wheat, 40 parts of sweet potato, 25 parts of potato, 15 parts of rice, 25 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of vegetable leaves, 30 parts of green grass and 15 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely eaten, the feed amount is not limited, the feed remained in a feeding groove is cleaned after each feeding, the feed is washed by clear water, the black pig is put in an open farm for stocking at 8 am and 17 pm every day, and the black pig is required to be discharged when the black pig is bred to about 90 kg;
s5, cultivation management: sterilizing on time, making the inside of the cage clean, and cleaning and removing excrement and dirt every day; thoroughly disinfecting the cage with a disinfectant 1 time every day, performing immunization, performing triple vaccine injection according to a pig epidemic prevention program, timely expelling parasites, washing stomach and invigorating stomach, performing 2 nd time after 60 days, and paying attention to humidity and temperature management of the pig, wherein the suitable temperature of the pig is 15 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 percent, and if the temperature and the humidity are too high, sunstroke and metabolic disturbance are easily caused, so when the temperature in summer exceeds 28 ℃, the cage needs to be washed with water in the noon, and the cage is covered by a shed for shading; if the temperature and the humidity are too low, the pig body has much heat dissipation and consumes much feed, the raising cost is increased, so that the cold protection and the warm keeping are needed in winter, hay with the thickness of 10cm needs to be laid in a cage, and meanwhile, the feed needs to be mixed with warm water.
Example 3
S1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a breeding farm is built in an area which is far away from people, has high and dry terrain, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has good drainage, the function of the production area of the breeding farm needs to be clearly divided, so that the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the breeding farm is determined according to the breeding scale, the height of a house is generally 4 meters, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and at the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the breeding density is properly reduced in summer, the breeding density can be properly improved in winter, the height of a fence wall of the pigsty is 1 meter, a trough and a drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 3 percent, so that the urination and drainage are facilitated, the cleaning and the drying are facilitated, a sewage drainage channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air breeding farm communicated with the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, and the black pigs;
s2, selecting piglets: generally selecting 8-month-old boars with the weight of more than 40kg for introduction, and recommending to a normal breeding pig farm for introducing the boars, wherein the boars have strong limbs, developed and powerful hind bodies and large and symmetrical testicles; the sow has the advantages that the four limbs are firm, the waist is straight, and the abdomen is large without dragging the ground; more than 6 pairs of nipples are required, and the nipples are uniform; the genitals are completely developed, a period of time is required to be isolated after introduction, about one month at the latest, the group can be mixed only after the complete normality of the pig group is observed, so that the selected piglets after black pig mating have good mental status, strong physique and strong four limbs, and are convenient to feed;
s3, management of piglets:
A. eating the primary emulsion: artificial auxiliary foot colostrum is eaten within 1 hour after the piglets grow;
B. heat preservation and pressure prevention: the suitable temperature of the piglets is as follows: keeping the air fresh when the 7-day-old piglet is 28.3 ℃ and the 8-30-day-old piglet is 23.5 ℃, arranging a heat preservation box or a heat preservation chamber for the piglet, nursing the piglet, and installing a baby protection fence in the delivery fence;
C. iron supplement, canine tooth cutting and tail breaking treatment: within 3 days of the postnatal age of the piglets, carrying out intramuscular injection of an iron preparation, cutting off canine teeth and carrying out tail breaking treatment, wherein the dosage of each iron preparation is 150 mg;
D. starting food and supplementing materials: training piglets to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, training piglets at the age of 7 days to eat, and completely eating the piglets at the age of 20 days, and feeding the piglets for 6 times a day;
E. castration: castrating piglets at the age of 10 days after birth;
F. weaning: weaning piglets at 28 days of age, feeding the piglets with feed for feeding the piglets to allow the piglets to eat freely;
G. and (3) sanitation and disinfection: cleaning the housing and removing dung for 2 times every day, and disinfecting the channel in the housing for 1 time every week;
H. and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: inoculating the swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after the piglet comes;
s4, feeding management:
A. when the piglets grow to 40 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized pigsty for feed containment, and are fed for 35 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn flour, 35 parts of cassava flour, 30 parts of bran, 18 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 8 parts of malt, 12 parts of hawthorn powder, 10 parts of protein powder, 6 parts of carrots and 30 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding is scheduled to avoid the hottest weather at noon and the most frequent time interval of personnel activities;
B. when piglets grow to 70 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for 4 pigs per ring, and driving the piglets to an open-air breeding farm for breeding at 9 am and 18 pm every day;
C. when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed, the feeding times are three times every day, and the times are respectively 8 am in the morning and 12 am in the noon: 30 and 7 o' clock at night, the conventional feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 30 parts of wheat, 50 parts of sweet potato, 35 parts of potato, 25 parts of rice, 35 parts of wheat bran, 40 parts of vegetable leaves, 40 parts of green grass and 25 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely eaten, the feed amount is not limited, the feed remained in a feeding groove is cleaned after each feeding, the feed is washed by clear water, the black pig is put in an open farm for stocking at 9 am and 18 pm every day, and the black pig is required to be discharged when the feed reaches about 90 kg;
s5, cultivation management: sterilizing on time, making the inside of the cage clean, and cleaning and removing excrement and dirt every day; thoroughly disinfecting the cage with a disinfectant 1 time every day, performing immunization, performing triple vaccine injection according to a pig epidemic prevention program, timely expelling parasites, washing stomach and invigorating stomach, performing 2 nd time after 60 days, and paying attention to humidity and temperature management of the pig, wherein the suitable temperature of the pig is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60 percent, and if the temperature and the humidity are too high, sunstroke and metabolic disturbance are easily caused, so when the temperature in summer exceeds 28 ℃, the cage needs to be washed with water in the noon, and the cage is covered by a shed for shading; if the temperature and the humidity are too low, the pig body has much heat dissipation and consumes much feed, the raising cost is increased, so that the cold protection and the warm keeping are needed in winter, hay with the thickness of 15cm needs to be laid in a cage, and meanwhile, the feed needs to be mixed with warm water.
And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Comparative experiment
Selecting 500 black pigs, randomly dividing the black pigs into an experimental group and a control group, wherein each group comprises 100 black pigs, the experimental group comprises 3 groups, the experimental groups 1-3 are respectively fed by the method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention, the control group is fed by a conventional method, the other conditions are the same, the breeding period is 10 months, and the growth change of the black pigs is observed, and the specific data are shown in the following table:
chart of experimental table
The above results show that compared with the conventional black pig breeding method, the average weight gain of the breeding method is higher than that of the conventional breeding method, and the weight of the breeding method in slaughtering is higher than that of the conventional breeding method, so that the slaughtering time can be shortened, and the breeding period can be shortened.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A fast-growing black pig breeding method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, construction of a farm: the method is characterized in that a farm is built in an area which is far away from people, is high and dry in terrain, is leeward and exposed to the sun and has good drainage, the function of a production area of the farm needs to be clearly divided, so that the later clear management is facilitated, the size of a pigsty in the farm is determined according to the feeding scale, the height of a house generally needs to be 2.5-4 m, appropriate windows are arranged in the front and at the back of the pigsty to ensure lighting and ventilation, the feeding density is appropriately reduced in summer, the feeding density can be appropriately improved in winter, the height of a fence wall of the pigsty is 0.8-1 m, a trough and a drinking device are arranged in the fence, the cement ground of the pigsty has a gradient of 1-3%, the urination and drainage are facilitated, the cleaning and the drying can be facilitated, a drainage channel is arranged outside the pigsty, an open-air farm communicated with the inside of the pigsty can be arranged outside the pigsty, and the black pigs can be regularly;
s2, selecting piglets: generally selecting 7-8 months old breeding pigs with the weight of more than 40kg for introduction, and recommending to a normal breeding pig farm to select the breeding pigs, wherein the boars have strong limbs, developed and powerful hind houses, and large and symmetrical testes; the sow has the advantages that the four limbs are firm, the waist is straight, and the abdomen is large without dragging the ground; more than 6 pairs of nipples are required, and the nipples are uniform; the genitals are completely developed, a period of time is required to be isolated after introduction, about one month at the latest, the group can be mixed only after the complete normality of the pig group is observed, so that the selected piglets after black pig mating have good mental status, strong physique and strong four limbs, and are convenient to feed;
s3, management of piglets:
A. eating the primary emulsion: artificial auxiliary foot colostrum is eaten within 1 hour after the piglets grow;
B. heat preservation and pressure prevention: the suitable temperature of the piglets is as follows: keeping air fresh when the 1-7 days old is 31.8-28.3 ℃ and the 8-30 days old is 27.7-23.5 ℃, arranging a heat preservation box or a heat preservation chamber for piglets, nursing the piglets, and installing a baby protection fence in the delivery fence;
C. iron supplement, canine tooth cutting and tail breaking treatment: within 2-3 days of the postnatal age of the piglets, carrying out intramuscular injection of an iron preparation, cutting off canine teeth and carrying out tail breaking treatment, wherein the dosage of each iron preparation is 100-150 mg;
D. starting food and supplementing materials: training piglets to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, training piglets at the age of 7 days to eat, and completely eating the piglets at the age of 20 days, and feeding the piglets for 5-6 times a day;
E. castration: castrating piglets at 7-10 days of age;
F. weaning: weaning piglets at 21-28 days of age, feeding piglets with feedstuff to make them feed freely;
G. and (3) sanitation and disinfection: cleaning the housing and removing dung for 2 times every day, and disinfecting the channel in the housing for 1 time every week;
H. and (3) epidemic disease prevention and control: inoculating the swine fever vaccine at the age of 20 days after the piglet comes;
s4, feeding management:
A. when the piglets grow to 30-40 days, the piglets can be put into a sterilized piggery for feed containment, and are fed for 25-35 days and three times every day by using weaning feed and nutrient solution, wherein the weaning feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn flour, 25-35 parts of cassava flour, 20-30 parts of bran, 14-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus leaves, 6-8 parts of malt, 8-12 parts of hawthorn powder, 8-10 parts of protein powder, 4-6 parts of carrots and 15-30 parts of green vegetable leaves, and feeding time is arranged to avoid the hottest time in noon and the most frequent time period of personnel activities;
B. when the piglets grow to 40-70 days, feeding the piglets in different rings, adding the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix into the feed for each ring of 2-4 pigs, and driving the piglets to an open-air farm for stocking every day between 8-9 am and 17-18 pm;
C. when the piglets grow for more than 80 days, the piglets are fed by using the conventional feed for three times every day, wherein the feeding times are respectively 7-8 am, 11:30-12 noon: 30 and 6-7 o' clock at night, the conventional feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of wheat, 40-50 parts of sweet potato, 25-35 parts of potato, 15-25 parts of rice, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of vegetable leaves, 30-40 parts of green grass and 15-25 parts of carrot, wherein the feed is freely fed without limiting the feed amount, the feed remained in a feeding trough is cleaned after each feeding, the feed is washed by clear water, and the black pig is driven to an open-air farm to be put in the open air to breed when the feed reaches about 90 kg in the interval between 8-9 am and 17-18 pm every day;
s5, cultivation management: sterilizing on time, making the inside of the cage clean, and cleaning and removing excrement and dirt every day; thoroughly disinfecting the cage with a disinfectant 1 time every day, performing immunization, performing triple vaccine injection according to a pig epidemic prevention program, timely expelling parasites, washing stomach and invigorating stomach, performing 2 nd time after 60 days, and paying attention to humidity and temperature management of the pig, wherein the suitable temperature of the pig is 15-25 ℃, the relative humidity is 55% -60%, and if the temperature and the humidity are too high, sunstroke and metabolic disturbance are easily caused, so when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃ in summer, the cage needs to be cooled with water at noon, and a shed is built for shading; if the temperature and the humidity are too low, the pig body has much heat dissipation and consumes much feed, the raising cost is increased, so that the cold protection and the warm keeping are needed in winter, hay with the thickness of 10-15cm needs to be laid in a cage, and meanwhile, the feed needs to be mixed with warm water.
2. The fast-growing black pig farming method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the disinfectant is one of Baijunxiao, quick-acting iodine, Xiaowei and Baidudu.
3. The fast-growing black pig farming method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the open farm drives the piglets to walk for at least 2 km when the piglets grow to 40-70 days, and drives the piglets to walk for at least 5 km when the piglets grow to more than 80 days.
4. The fast-growing black pig farming method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of milk powder, 4-8 parts of vitamin C, 4-8 parts of beta-carotene, 10-16 parts of honey and 40-50 parts of purified water.
5. The fast-growing black pig farming method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the total feeding amount of the weaning feed is 2-6% of the weight of the black piglet, and the mass ratio of the feed, the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and the premix in the step S4 is 3-7: 1: 1-3.
6. The fast-growing black pig farming method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the feeding and stocking of the pigsty are alternately performed at intervals of 20-30 days.
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