CN110710492A - Goat breeding management method - Google Patents
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- CN110710492A CN110710492A CN201910718527.0A CN201910718527A CN110710492A CN 110710492 A CN110710492 A CN 110710492A CN 201910718527 A CN201910718527 A CN 201910718527A CN 110710492 A CN110710492 A CN 110710492A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a goat breeding management method which comprises four steps of building a goat house, breeding goats, managing diseases and managing goats, wherein different growth stages of the goats can be distinguished, and the goats are bred according to a specific scheme, so that the disease rate of the goats in the lamb period, the adult period, the pregnancy period, the delivery period and the lactation period is greatly reduced, the vitality of the goats is greatly improved, the goats are specially protected in the mating period, the pregnancy period and the delivery period, the ewes and the lambs are protected, the growth quality of the goats is ensured, the meat quality and the reproduction quantity of the goats are improved, and considerable economic benefits are brought to enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a goat breeding management method.
Background
The Chinese goat breeding history is long, and the goat breeding mosquito is recorded as early as summer commercial age. Over one thousand years ago, Chinese workers begin to feed goats and then gradually develop the scale. The production of the goats has the characteristics of high reproduction rate, strong adaptability, easy management and the like, and the goats are raised in wide farming and pasturing areas in China in a large range up to now. The Chinese goats are distributed in wide areas, the goats are more than half of the goat heads in provinces (areas) and exceed the sheep throughout the country. In some provinces in the south, goats can be raised in places where sheep cannot be raised. The goat also has good medicinal efficacy, the goat meat is rich in nutrition, the goat meat is used as a good item for tonifying yang all the time, the goat meat is rich in high-quality protein 12.3%, fat 28.8%, and the goat meat also contains rich nutrients such as mineral phosphorus, iron and vitamin A, B, has low goat odor and unique flavor, and is popular with consumers. However, most of the existing breeding methods are basically in captivity in order to save space and manage cheaply in the breeding process, and due to improper management in the captivity, the movement amount of the goats in a sheep pen is small, so that the meat quality of the goats is not firm enough, the quality of the bred goats is not good, and economic loss is brought to farmers. Therefore, a method for breeding goats, which solves the above problems, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a goat breeding management method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a goat breeding management method comprises the four steps of building a goat house, breeding goats, managing diseases and managing goats, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, building a sheep pen: selecting a place far away from a residential area, a factory area and a place with smoke and harmful gas emission, establishing a sheep house in a place with high and dry terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, sufficient light, good ventilation and drainage, wherein the sheep house is 50-100 cm higher than the ground, and a rest area, a feeding area and a moving area are arranged in the sheep house;
a rest area: the rest area is a slotted shed bed, is paved by slotted battens, is surrounded by fences, is provided with a ceiling above, and is designed according to the square meter of 1-2 of each sheep;
an active area: arranging a sports ground for goat activity in a place with flat terrain, spaciousness, ventilation, air permeability and good daylighting at the periphery of a rest area, arranging a fence around the sports ground, planting deciduous trees or building a shading pergola in the sports ground, wherein the area of the sports ground is designed according to 3-4 square meters of each goat, and is not less than 2 times of the area of the rest area;
feeding area: a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the rest area and the activity area and are used as feeding areas for goats;
s2, breeding goats: comprises the cultivation of young goats, the cultivation of adult goats and the cultivation of ewes in gestation period;
breeding young goats:
the temperature of the sheep house is maintained at 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-80%, and the lambs which are born for 1-10 days are fed with breast milk; feeding lambs for 11-18 days with 30-60 g/head of high-nutrient feed every day for 6-7 times except for feeding with a proper amount of goat milk; feeding lambs for 19-30 days with concentrated feed mainly except a small amount of goat milk, feeding 50-80 g/head of concentrated feed every day for 2-3 times, and hanging young green grass and leaves in a sheep house to be freely collected; feeding the 1-month-old lambs with 30-60 g/head of nutrient concentrated feed and 150-200 g/head of coarse feed every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 2-4 hours, wherein the grazing time is gradually increased, and the grazing time is properly reduced in case of severe weather; feeding 2-month-old lambs with concentrated feed of 60-120 g/head and coarse feed of 350-500 g/head every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 3.5-5.5 hours, wherein grazing time is gradually increased and grazing is carried out twice in the morning and afternoon; breeding 3-month-old lambs in a slaughter way, and placing the lambs in a breeding field of adult goats;
culturing adult goats:
the feed for the adult sheep mainly comprises coarse feed and auxiliary fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 70-85% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 15-30% of the weight of the feed, each adult sheep is fed with 1-1.5 kg of the feed every day, the feed is fed for 3-5 times, and the adult sheep is grazed in a grazing field outside the pen for 5-8 hours every day and grazed for two times;
breeding of ewes in gestation period:
after the ewe is pregnant, the ewe is fed with green grass and carrots and fed with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 20-30% of the total weight, and bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes before parturition with green grass and carrots, feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 40-50% of the total weight, and adding bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes in the lactation period with green grass and carrots, and feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and supplementary food every day, wherein the concentrated feed is taken as a main material, the supplementary food, the green grass and the carrots are taken as auxiliary materials, bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed, and the supplementary food comprises calcium powder, dried small shrimps and lactation promoting soup;
s3, disease management:
in different growth stages of the lambs, regular vaccination is carried out, and various disease prevention and treatment measures of the goats are well taken;
0.15-0.2 g of mycin is fed 12 hours after the goat comes, and 0.01g of furazolidone is taken orally for the sick goat;
inoculating a triple-prevention and four-prevention aluminum hydroxide vaccine for sheep 1 month before the mating of the ewes and the rams to prevent the dysentery of the newborn lambs;
in the prevention and treatment process, triple seedlings are injected regularly, and the intramuscular injection of penicillin to diseased sheep is 80-120 ten thousand units;
regularly disinfecting the sheep house with raw 0.05-0.5% peracetic acid, sweeping the sheep house on duty, removing excrement, paying attention to ventilation, keeping the house clean and dry, and regularly killing mice, mosquitoes and flies in the sheep house;
the main symptoms of unhealthy goats are classified and housed separately while the goat symptoms are treated.
S4, management of goats:
managing a sheep pen: the method comprises the following steps of regularly carrying out epidemic prevention disinfection and insect expelling work, feeding no mildewed deteriorated feed, drinking no sewage and frozen water, well clearing the colony house, frequently cleaning the colony house, removing sheep manure once every half month, collecting and treating dirt such as manure and urine in a centralized manner, and regularly disinfecting a manure accumulation groove and a manure accumulation pool by using disinfectant to prevent disease propagation;
lamb management:
in the lamb period, outdoor activities are carried out for 1-2 times every week in sunny weather, the outdoor activities are reduced for 2-3 times every two weeks in the slaughtering period, only drinking water and a small amount of green feed are provided during each outdoor activity, and outdoor activities are stopped in the lawn repairing and transplanting period;
before fattening, adding 0.1-0.3 part by weight of oil tea cake meal in the preparation process of feed for adult sheep, fermenting the oil tea cake meal with other components and feeding the fermented oil tea cake meal, so as to expel roundworms and nematodes in sheep bodies and expel fasciola hepatica and tapeworms;
after shearing, 1 to 2 percent of trichlorfon liquid is used for medicated bath to eliminate ectoparasites;
in the feeding process of the adult goats, stocking is combined, wherein the stocking time is 6-11 am and 15-20 pm in spring and summer, and a certain amount of green grass coarse feed is stocked and supplemented to the goats, so that the activity of the goats is increased;
mating management:
selecting lamb which is 2-3 months old, has the weight of about 5kg, and is strong in physique, energetic, disease-free and healthy as a breeding lamb;
during hybridization, the rams need to keep middle and high fat condition and have vigorous sexual desire, need to be fed in a single circle, are independently grouped to graze, exercise and supplement feed, do not need to be mixed with the ewes, do grabbing fat and rejuvenation before hybridization, the lean ewes need to be properly nourished, green feed and coarse feed are freely fed, and the concentrate is fed about 0.2 kg per animal per day;
controlling the proportion of ewes in the flock to be 62-73%, wherein the proportion of ewes with reproductive capacity is 65-70%;
controlling the proportion of the breeding rams in the sheep flock to be 3-5%, and controlling the number of ewes mated with the breeding rams per year to be less than or equal to 25;
controlling the age of the ewes to be 1-5 years old; the sick and weak sheep, old sheep with the age of more than or equal to 6 years old and ewes with no farrowing in three years are eliminated every 6 months; the ewe with the minimum reproductive capacity accounting for 1/10 total ewe flocks is eliminated every year, and a corresponding number of 1-year-old ewes are supplemented;
and (3) pregnancy management:
after the goat is successfully pregnant, the goat is subjected to isolation management, the goat in the gestation period stops being grazed, the air humidity of a goat inhabitation room in the gestation period is controlled to be 30-35%, the daily average air temperature is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, and the air is smooth;
the pregnant period should be managed intensively, prevent crowding, jumping furrows, frightening groups and slipping, the daily activities should be slow and stable, no mildewed feed or frozen feed is fed, so as to prevent abortion, the concentrate feeding amount should be increased due to fast fetal development in the later period of pregnancy, and some succulent feed should be fed more about 10 days before delivery;
and (3) management of the delivery period: after the goats finish farrowing, removing the placenta remaining in the uterus of the ewes, wetting sterile warm water at the temperature of 32-35 ℃ by using clean pure cotton cloth, wiping the vulvas and the periphery of the ewes for 1-2 times every day, and repeating for 5-7 days;
management of lactation: nutrition should be added during lactation to ensure sufficient milk.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the high-nutrient feed in the step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of wheat flour, 5-15 parts of whole milk powder, 5-10 parts of corn steep liquor, 1-3 parts of fried soybean powder, 0.8-1 part of salt, 2-4 parts of calcium powder, 5 parts of pumpkin powder, 0.5 part of lotus seed powder, 0.3 part of ginseng polysaccharide and 1-3 parts of vitamin.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the concentrated feed in the step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of sweet potato powder, 10-18 parts of soybean meal, 10-13 parts of corn flour, 10-13 parts of hay powder, 2-5 parts of calcium powder, 0.8-2 parts of salt, 1-2 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine additive, 1-5 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of alfalfa and 8-10 parts of clear water.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the roughage described in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-48 parts of straw, 25-30 parts of dry sweet potato seedlings, 15-20 parts of dry corn leaves, 20-30 parts of fruit processing leftovers, 1-2 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of hay powder and 10-12 parts of EM bacterial liquid.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the concentrated feed comprises the following steps: mixing the sweet potato powder, soybean meal, corn flour, hay powder, calcium powder, salt, tricalcium phosphate, Chinese medicinal additives, yeast, alfalfa and clear water, stirring, boiling, and cooling to 37 deg.C.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the coarse feed comprises the following steps: firstly stirring and uniformly mixing straw, dry sweet potato seedlings, dry corn leaves and fruit processing leftovers, adding salt and hay powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then uniformly spraying 2-3 times diluted EM bacterial liquid on the mixed components, stirring while spraying, finally stacking, covering with a film, controlling the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and fermentation for 5-7 days to obtain the feed additive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the goat breeding management method can distinguish different growth stages of goats and carry out breeding according to a specific scheme, so that the disease incidence of the goats is reduced, the meat quality and the reproductive capacity of the goats are improved, and considerable economic benefits are brought to enterprises.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example (b): the invention provides a technical scheme that: a goat breeding management method comprises the four steps of building a goat house, breeding goats, managing diseases and managing goats, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, building a sheep pen: selecting a place far away from a residential area, a factory area and a place with smoke and harmful gas emission, establishing a sheep house in a place with high and dry terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, sufficient light, good ventilation and drainage, wherein the sheep house is 50-100 cm higher than the ground, and a rest area, a feeding area and a moving area are arranged in the sheep house;
a rest area: the rest area is a slotted shed bed, is paved by slotted battens, is surrounded by fences, is provided with a ceiling above, and is designed according to the square meter of 1-2 of each sheep;
an active area: arranging a sports ground for goat activity in a place with flat terrain, spaciousness, ventilation, air permeability and good daylighting at the periphery of a rest area, arranging a fence around the sports ground, planting deciduous trees or building a shading pergola in the sports ground, wherein the area of the sports ground is designed according to 3-4 square meters of each goat, and is not less than 2 times of the area of the rest area;
feeding area: a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the rest area and the activity area and are used as feeding areas for goats;
s2, breeding goats: comprises the cultivation of young goats, the cultivation of adult goats and the cultivation of ewes in gestation period;
breeding young goats:
the temperature of the sheep house is maintained at 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-80%, and the lambs which are born for 1-10 days are fed with breast milk; feeding lambs for 11-18 days with 30-60 g/head of high-nutrient feed every day for 6-7 times except for feeding with a proper amount of goat milk; feeding lambs for 19-30 days with concentrated feed mainly except a small amount of goat milk, feeding 50-80 g/head of concentrated feed every day for 2-3 times, and hanging young green grass and leaves in a sheep house to be freely collected; feeding the 1-month-old lambs with 30-60 g/head of nutrient concentrated feed and 150-200 g/head of coarse feed every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 2-4 hours, wherein the grazing time is gradually increased, and the grazing time is properly reduced in case of severe weather; feeding 2-month-old lambs with concentrated feed of 60-120 g/head and coarse feed of 350-500 g/head every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 3.5-5.5 hours, wherein grazing time is gradually increased and grazing is carried out twice in the morning and afternoon; breeding 3-month-old lambs in a slaughter way, and placing the lambs in a breeding field of adult goats;
culturing adult goats:
the feed for the adult sheep mainly comprises coarse feed and auxiliary fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 70-85% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 15-30% of the weight of the feed, each adult sheep is fed with 1-1.5 kg of the feed every day, the feed is fed for 3-5 times, and the adult sheep is grazed in a grazing field outside the pen for 5-8 hours every day and grazed for two times;
breeding of ewes in gestation period:
after the ewe is pregnant, the ewe is fed with green grass and carrots and fed with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 20-30% of the total weight, and bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes before parturition with green grass and carrots, feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 40-50% of the total weight, and adding bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes in the lactation period with green grass and carrots, and feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and supplementary food every day, wherein the concentrated feed is taken as a main material, the supplementary food, the green grass and the carrots are taken as auxiliary materials, bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed, and the supplementary food comprises calcium powder, dried small shrimps and lactation promoting soup;
s3, disease management:
in different growth stages of the lambs, regular vaccination is carried out, and various disease prevention and treatment measures of the goats are well taken;
0.15-0.2 g of mycin is fed 12 hours after the goat comes, and 0.01g of furazolidone is taken orally for the sick goat;
inoculating a triple-prevention and four-prevention aluminum hydroxide vaccine for sheep 1 month before the mating of the ewes and the rams to prevent the dysentery of the newborn lambs;
in the prevention and treatment process, triple seedlings are injected regularly, and the intramuscular injection of penicillin to diseased sheep is 80-120 ten thousand units;
regularly disinfecting the sheep house with raw 0.05-0.5% peracetic acid, sweeping the sheep house on duty, removing excrement, paying attention to ventilation, keeping the house clean and dry, and regularly killing mice, mosquitoes and flies in the sheep house;
the main symptoms of unhealthy goats are classified and housed separately while the goat symptoms are treated.
S4, management of goats:
managing a sheep pen: the method comprises the following steps of regularly carrying out epidemic prevention disinfection and insect expelling work, feeding no mildewed deteriorated feed, drinking no sewage and frozen water, well clearing the colony house, frequently cleaning the colony house, removing sheep manure once every half month, collecting and treating dirt such as manure and urine in a centralized manner, and regularly disinfecting a manure accumulation groove and a manure accumulation pool by using disinfectant to prevent disease propagation;
lamb management:
in the lamb period, outdoor activities are carried out for 1-2 times every week in sunny weather, the outdoor activities are reduced for 2-3 times every two weeks in the slaughtering period, only drinking water and a small amount of green feed are provided during each outdoor activity, and outdoor activities are stopped in the lawn repairing and transplanting period;
before fattening, adding 0.1-0.3 part by weight of oil tea cake meal in the preparation process of feed for adult sheep, fermenting the oil tea cake meal with other components and feeding the fermented oil tea cake meal, so as to expel roundworms and nematodes in sheep bodies and expel fasciola hepatica and tapeworms;
after shearing, 1 to 2 percent of trichlorfon liquid is used for medicated bath to eliminate ectoparasites;
in the feeding process of the adult goats, stocking is combined, wherein the stocking time is 6-11 am and 15-20 pm in spring and summer, and a certain amount of green grass coarse feed is stocked and supplemented to the goats, so that the activity of the goats is increased;
mating management:
selecting lamb which is 2-3 months old, has the weight of about 5kg, and is strong in physique, energetic, disease-free and healthy as a breeding lamb;
during hybridization, the rams need to keep middle and high fat condition and have vigorous sexual desire, need to be fed in a single circle, are independently grouped to graze, exercise and supplement feed, do not need to be mixed with the ewes, do grabbing fat and rejuvenation before hybridization, the lean ewes need to be properly nourished, green feed and coarse feed are freely fed, and the concentrate is fed about 0.2 kg per animal per day;
controlling the proportion of ewes in the flock to be 62-73%, wherein the proportion of ewes with reproductive capacity is 65-70%;
controlling the proportion of the breeding rams in the sheep flock to be 3-5%, and controlling the number of ewes mated with the breeding rams per year to be less than or equal to 25;
controlling the age of the ewes to be 1-5 years old; the sick and weak sheep, old sheep with the age of more than or equal to 6 years old and ewes with no farrowing in three years are eliminated every 6 months; the ewe with the minimum reproductive capacity accounting for 1/10 total ewe flocks is eliminated every year, and a corresponding number of 1-year-old ewes are supplemented;
and (3) pregnancy management:
after the goat is successfully pregnant, the goat is subjected to isolation management, the goat in the gestation period stops being grazed, the air humidity of a goat inhabitation room in the gestation period is controlled to be 30-35%, the daily average air temperature is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, and the air is smooth;
the pregnant period should be managed intensively, prevent crowding, jumping furrows, frightening groups and slipping, the daily activities should be slow and stable, no mildewed feed or frozen feed is fed, so as to prevent abortion, the concentrate feeding amount should be increased due to fast fetal development in the later period of pregnancy, and some succulent feed should be fed more about 10 days before delivery;
and (3) management of the delivery period: after the goats finish farrowing, removing the placenta remaining in the uterus of the ewes, wetting sterile warm water at the temperature of 32-35 ℃ by using clean pure cotton cloth, wiping the vulvas and the periphery of the ewes for 1-2 times every day, and repeating for 5-7 days;
management of lactation: nutrition should be added during lactation to ensure sufficient milk.
Further, the high-nutrient feed in the step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of wheat flour, 5-15 parts of whole milk powder, 5-10 parts of corn steep liquor, 1-3 parts of fried soybean powder, 0.8-1 part of salt, 2-4 parts of calcium powder, 5 parts of pumpkin powder, 0.5 part of lotus seed powder, 0.3 part of ginseng polysaccharide and 1-3 parts of vitamin.
Further, the concentrated feed in the step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of sweet potato powder, 10-18 parts of soybean meal, 10-13 parts of corn flour, 10-13 parts of hay powder, 2-5 parts of calcium powder, 0.8-2 parts of salt, 1-2 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine additive, 1-5 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of alfalfa and 8-10 parts of clear water.
Further, the coarse fodder in the step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-48 parts of straw, 25-30 parts of dry sweet potato seedlings, 15-20 parts of dry corn leaves, 20-30 parts of fruit processing leftovers, 1-2 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of hay powder and 10-12 parts of EM bacterial liquid.
Further, the preparation method of the concentrated feed comprises the following steps: mixing the sweet potato powder, soybean meal, corn flour, hay powder, calcium powder, salt, tricalcium phosphate, Chinese medicinal additives, yeast, alfalfa and clear water, stirring, boiling, and cooling to 37 deg.C.
Further, the preparation method of the coarse feed comprises the following steps: firstly stirring and uniformly mixing straw, dry sweet potato seedlings, dry corn leaves and fruit processing leftovers, adding salt and hay powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then uniformly spraying 2-3 times diluted EM bacterial liquid on the mixed components, stirring while spraying, finally stacking, covering with a film, controlling the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and fermentation for 5-7 days to obtain the feed additive.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A goat breeding management method is characterized by comprising four steps of building a goat house, breeding goats, managing diseases and managing goats, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, building a sheep pen: selecting a place far away from a residential area, a factory area and a place with smoke and harmful gas emission, establishing a sheep house in a place with high and dry terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, sufficient light, good ventilation and drainage, wherein the sheep house is 50-100 cm higher than the ground, and a rest area, a feeding area and a moving area are arranged in the sheep house;
(1) a rest area: the rest area is a slotted shed bed, is paved by slotted battens, is surrounded by fences, is provided with a ceiling above, and is designed according to the square meter of 1-2 of each sheep;
(2) an active area: arranging a sports ground for goat activity in a place with flat terrain, spaciousness, ventilation, air permeability and good daylighting at the periphery of a rest area, arranging a fence around the sports ground, planting deciduous trees or building a shading pergola in the sports ground, wherein the area of the sports ground is designed according to 3-4 square meters of each goat, and is not less than 2 times of the area of the rest area;
(3) feeding area: a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the rest area and the activity area and are used as feeding areas for goats;
s2, breeding goats: comprises the cultivation of young goats, the cultivation of adult goats and the cultivation of ewes in gestation period;
(1) breeding young goats:
the temperature of the sheep house is maintained at 22-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-80%, and the lambs which are born for 1-10 days are fed with breast milk; feeding lambs for 11-18 days with 30-60 g/head of high-nutrient feed every day for 6-7 times except for feeding with a proper amount of goat milk; feeding lambs for 19-30 days with concentrated feed mainly except a small amount of goat milk, feeding 50-80 g/head of concentrated feed every day for 2-3 times, and hanging young green grass and leaves in a sheep house to be freely collected; feeding the 1-month-old lambs with 30-60 g/head of nutrient concentrated feed and 150-200 g/head of coarse feed every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 2-4 hours, wherein the grazing time is gradually increased, and the grazing time is properly reduced in case of severe weather; feeding 2-month-old lambs with concentrated feed of 60-120 g/head and coarse feed of 350-500 g/head every day, and driving the lambs to graze in an activity area for 3.5-5.5 hours, wherein grazing time is gradually increased and grazing is carried out twice in the morning and afternoon; breeding 3-month-old lambs in a slaughter way, and placing the lambs in a breeding field of adult goats;
(2) culturing adult goats:
the feed for the adult sheep mainly comprises coarse feed and auxiliary fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 70-85% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 15-30% of the weight of the feed, each adult sheep is fed with 1-1.5 kg of the feed every day, the feed is fed for 3-5 times, and the adult sheep is grazed in a grazing field outside the pen for 5-8 hours every day and grazed for two times;
(3) breeding of ewes in gestation period:
after the ewe is pregnant, the ewe is fed with green grass and carrots and fed with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 20-30% of the total weight, and bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes before parturition with green grass and carrots, feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and coarse feed every day, wherein the concentrated feed accounts for 40-50% of the total weight, and adding bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol into the concentrated feed;
feeding the ewes in the lactation period with green grass and carrots, and feeding the ewes with concentrated feed and supplementary food every day, wherein the concentrated feed is taken as a main material, the supplementary food, the green grass and the carrots are taken as auxiliary materials, bone meal, vitamins, trace element additives and fish glycerol are added into the concentrated feed, and the supplementary food comprises calcium powder, dried small shrimps and lactation promoting soup;
s3, disease management:
(1) in different growth stages of the lambs, regular vaccination is carried out, and various disease prevention and treatment measures of the goats are well taken;
(2) 0.15-0.2 g of mycin is fed 12 hours after the goat comes, and 0.01g of furazolidone is taken by the sick goat;
(3) inoculating a triple-prevention and four-prevention aluminum hydroxide vaccine for sheep 1 month before the mating of the ewes and the rams to prevent the dysentery of the newborn lambs;
(4) in the prevention and treatment process, triple seedlings are injected regularly, and the intramuscular injection of penicillin to diseased sheep is 80-120 ten thousand units;
(5) regularly disinfecting the sheep house with raw 0.05-0.5% peracetic acid, sweeping the sheep house on duty, removing excrement, paying attention to ventilation, keeping the house clean and dry, and regularly killing mice, mosquitoes and flies in the sheep house;
(6) classifying main diseases of unhealthy goats, isolating captive breeding and treating goat diseases;
s4, management of goats:
(1) managing a sheep pen: the method comprises the following steps of regularly carrying out epidemic prevention disinfection and insect expelling work, feeding no mildewed deteriorated feed, drinking no sewage and frozen water, well clearing the colony house, frequently cleaning the colony house, removing sheep manure once every half month, collecting and treating dirt such as manure and urine in a centralized manner, and regularly disinfecting a manure accumulation groove and a manure accumulation pool by using disinfectant to prevent disease propagation;
(2) lamb management:
A. in the lamb period, outdoor activities are carried out for 1-2 times every week in sunny weather, the outdoor activities are reduced for 2-3 times every two weeks in the slaughtering period, only drinking water and a small amount of green feed are provided during each outdoor activity, and outdoor activities are stopped in the lawn repairing and transplanting period;
B. before fattening, adding 0.1-0.3 part by weight of oil tea cake meal in the preparation process of feed for adult sheep, fermenting the oil tea cake meal with other components and feeding the fermented oil tea cake meal, so as to expel roundworms and nematodes in sheep bodies and expel fasciola hepatica and tapeworms;
C. after shearing, 1 to 2 percent of trichlorfon liquid is used for medicated bath to eliminate ectoparasites;
D. in the feeding process of the adult goats, stocking is combined, wherein the stocking time is 6-11 am and 15-20 pm in spring and summer, and a certain amount of green grass coarse feed is stocked and supplemented to the goats, so that the activity of the goats is increased;
(3) mating management:
A. selecting lamb which is 2-3 months old, has the weight of about 5kg, and is strong in physique, energetic, disease-free and healthy as a breeding lamb;
B. during hybridization, the rams need to keep middle and high fat condition and have vigorous sexual desire, need to be fed in a single circle, are independently grouped to graze, exercise and supplement feed, do not need to be mixed with the ewes, do grabbing fat and rejuvenation before hybridization, the lean ewes need to be properly nourished, green feed and coarse feed are freely fed, and the concentrate is fed about 0.2 kg per animal per day;
C. controlling the proportion of ewes in the flock to be 62-73%, wherein the proportion of ewes with reproductive capacity is 65-70%;
D. controlling the proportion of the breeding rams in the sheep flock to be 3-5%, and controlling the number of ewes mated with the breeding rams per year to be less than or equal to 25;
E. controlling the age of the ewes to be 1-5 years old; the sick and weak sheep, old sheep with the age of more than or equal to 6 years old and ewes with no farrowing in three years are eliminated every 6 months; the ewe with the minimum reproductive capacity accounting for 1/10 total ewe flocks is eliminated every year, and a corresponding number of 1-year-old ewes are supplemented;
(4) and (3) pregnancy management:
A. after the goat is successfully pregnant, the goat is subjected to isolation management, the goat in the gestation period stops being grazed, the air humidity of a goat inhabitation room in the gestation period is controlled to be 30-35%, the daily average air temperature is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, and the air is smooth;
B. the pregnant period should be managed intensively, prevent crowding, jumping furrows, frightening groups and slipping, the daily activities should be slow and stable, no mildewed feed or frozen feed is fed, so as to prevent abortion, the concentrate feeding amount should be increased due to fast fetal development in the later period of pregnancy, and some succulent feed should be fed more about 10 days before delivery;
(5) and (3) management of the delivery period: after the goats finish farrowing, removing the placenta remaining in the uterus of the ewes, wetting sterile warm water at the temperature of 32-35 ℃ by using clean pure cotton cloth, wiping the vulvas and the periphery of the ewes for 1-2 times every day, and repeating for 5-7 days;
(6) management of lactation: nutrition should be added during lactation to ensure sufficient milk.
2. The goat breeding management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high nutrient feed in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of wheat flour, 5-15 parts of whole milk powder, 5-10 parts of corn steep liquor, 1-3 parts of fried soybean powder, 0.8-1 part of salt, 2-4 parts of calcium powder, 5 parts of pumpkin powder, 0.5 part of lotus seed powder, 0.3 part of ginseng polysaccharide and 1-3 parts of vitamin.
3. The goat breeding management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentrated feed in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of sweet potato powder, 10-18 parts of soybean meal, 10-13 parts of corn flour, 10-13 parts of hay powder, 2-5 parts of calcium powder, 0.8-2 parts of salt, 1-2 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 2-4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine additive, 1-5 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of alfalfa and 8-10 parts of clear water.
4. The goat breeding management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roughage in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-48 parts of straw, 25-30 parts of dry sweet potato seedlings, 15-20 parts of dry corn leaves, 20-30 parts of fruit processing leftovers, 1-2 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of hay powder and 10-12 parts of EM bacterial liquid.
5. The goat breeding management method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the concentrated feed comprises the following steps: mixing the sweet potato powder, soybean meal, corn flour, hay powder, calcium powder, salt, tricalcium phosphate, Chinese medicinal additives, yeast, alfalfa and clear water, stirring, boiling, and cooling to 37 deg.C.
6. The goat breeding management method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the coarse feed comprises the following steps: firstly stirring and uniformly mixing straw, dry sweet potato seedlings, dry corn leaves and fruit processing leftovers, adding salt and hay powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then uniformly spraying 2-3 times diluted EM bacterial liquid on the mixed components, stirring while spraying, finally stacking, covering with a film, controlling the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and fermentation for 5-7 days to obtain the feed additive.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111264466A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-12 | 杭州富阳区胥口镇金丰养殖场 | Breeding method for semi-captive goats |
| CN111670863A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-18 | 河北北方学院 | Lamb fattening method |
| CN112715479A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-30 | 吉沙阿牛 | Goat ecological cycle breeding method |
| CN114451352A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-10 | 安徽羊羊得意生态农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding goats in breeding farm |
-
2019
- 2019-08-05 CN CN201910718527.0A patent/CN110710492A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111264466A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-12 | 杭州富阳区胥口镇金丰养殖场 | Breeding method for semi-captive goats |
| CN111670863A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-18 | 河北北方学院 | Lamb fattening method |
| CN112715479A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-04-30 | 吉沙阿牛 | Goat ecological cycle breeding method |
| CN114451352A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-10 | 安徽羊羊得意生态农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding goats in breeding farm |
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