CN103503834B - A kind of breeding method of Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain - Google Patents
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004341 tarsal joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000543821 Oestrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003194 forelimb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004124 hock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003857 wrist joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain, with Poll Dorset Saite for male parent and caddice wool chine obtain hybrid sheep in F1 generation road for female parent carries out hybridization, in F1 generation of selecting and remain road, hybrid sheep and caddice wool chine backcross, obtain F2 for hybrid sheep in road, the F2 that selects and remain hybridizes ewe with the F2 selected and remain in road respectively for hybrid sheep ram in road, ewe is hybridized in the F1 generation road selected and remain, the mating of Chinese Merino ewe, produce F3 for hybrid sheep in road, the F3 of ideal type of selecting and remain is for hybrid sheep natural breeding 3 generation in road, select Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the strain development of sheep, especially for the breeding method of the novel strain of Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose.
Background technology
China is world's wool and mutton consumption big country, the degree of self-sufficiency of domestic wool only 25% ~ 30%, needs nearly 300,000 tons of all kinds of wool of import, particularly high-quality wool almost whole dependence on import every year.The consumption figure of mutton, occupancy volume only has 2.8 kilograms, critical shortage year per capita.Base oneself upon China's sheep husbandry present situation, cultivate hair meat dual-purpose sheep, i.e. binary productivity, making it can production high-quality wool, can produce prime lamb mutton again, meet development trend and the produce market demand of China's sheep husbandry.
Caddice wool chine (Chinese Merino sheep) is China's fine wool sheep breeding achievement of 14 years, in 1985 at Kunes, Xinjiang sheep stud, purple earth spring sheep stud, Inner Mongol Sha reach Soviet Union's pedigree station, Jilin is looked into dried flower pedigree station and is bred as, and is excellent fine wool sheep new varieties.But because recent domestic market increases wool and mutton demand, for meeting the market requirement, cultivate and woool production performance can be kept not decline, its Mutton yield can be improved again and the Chinese merino wool meat dual purpose product adapting to fine wool sheep main producing region is tied to form as very urgent task.
Breeding method of the present invention utilizes Poll Dorset Saite and existing caddice wool chine to hybridize, backcross, through seed selection, both make use of Poll Dorset Saite precocious, grow fast, dressing percentage is high, heat-resisting and adapt to the feature such as arid climate, make use of again caddice wool chine wool quality good, the advantages such as strong adaptability, hair meat dual-purpose performance is obvious, the Chinese Merino mutton hair dual-purpose new lines be bred as meets Chinese Merino sheep variety classification standard (trying), both there is higher product hair performance (wool quality meets the requirement of woolen industry to fine wool), there is again meat performance strong, grow fast, lambing percentage is high, dressing percentage reaches 50%, than the dressing percentage height 5-7 percentage point of general Sino-U.S. sheep, become the dualpurpose novel strain of hair, there is wide market sale prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the breeding method of the Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain provided, seed selection improves the table quality of caddice wool chine, obtains the dualpurpose caddice wool chine new lines of hair.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of breeding method of Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain, implements step by step;
Step 1 selects Poll Dorset Saite sheep to be male parent, caddice wool chine is maternal, hybridize, obtain hybrid sheep in F1 generation road, Ji Han 1/2 road Saite blood sheep, utilize individual Phenotypic Selection method to select and remain close to the F1 generation ewe composition breeding underlying group of ideal type, the F1 generation ram meeting ideal type gives over to standby ram;
Step 2 for female parent with the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ewe, take caddice wool chine as male parent, backcrosses, obtain F2 for hybrid sheep in road, Ji Han 1/4 road Saite blood sheep; With the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ram for male parent, take caddice wool chine as female parent, backcross, obtain F2 for hybrid sheep in road, Ji Han 1/4 road Saite blood sheep, utilize individual Phenotypic Selection method to select and remain close to the F2 godmother sheep composition breeding underlying group of ideal type, the F2 meeting ideal type gives over to standby ram for ram;
Step 3 selector in F2 is for sheep closes the ram of ideal type, laterally matches the ewe of not consanguinity degree, utilizes individual Phenotypic Selection method, and the offspring F3 that selector closes ideal type forms breeding group ewe and standby ram:
(1) to meet the F2 generation hybridization ram of ideal type for male parent, with the F2 selected and remain generation hybridization ewe for female parent, carry out traversed by, hybrid sheep in get F3Dai road, selecting and remain, it is individual to meet ideal type male and female sheep;
(2) to meet the F2 generation hybridization ram of ideal type for male parent, with the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ewe for female parent, backcross, hybrid sheep in get F3Dai road, selecting and remain, it is individual to meet ideal type male and female sheep;
(3) to meet the F2 generation hybridization ram of ideal type for male parent, the ewe meeting caddice wool chine standard, for maternal, backcross, obtains another part F3 for hybrid sheep in road, and selecting and remain, it is individual to meet ideal type male and female sheep;
In the F3 selected and remain generation hybridization ewe and the F3 generation meeting ideal type, hybridized ram and carry out mating by step 4, produce hair meat dual-purpose strain zero flock of sheep from generation to generation of caddice wool chine, individual Phenotypic Selection method selector is utilized to close the ewe individuality composition breeding underlying group of ideal type, the ram ram in support meeting ideal type of selecting and remain;
Step 5 adopt swarm robotic system selection-breeding method to select and remain zero from generation to generation sheep carry out the natural breeding of 3-4 generation, strictly select and remain and meet ideal type offspring sheep, obtain the wool meat dual-purpose strain of Chinese Merino.
Mechanism of the present invention and effect: utilize Poll Dorset Saite and existing caddice wool chine to hybridize, backcross, through seed selection, both make use of Poll Dorset Saite precocious, grow fast, dressing percentage is high, heat-resisting and adapt to the feature such as arid climate, make use of again caddice wool chine wool quality good, the advantages such as strong adaptability, hair meat dual-purpose performance is obvious, the Chinese Merino mutton hair dual-purpose new lines be bred as meets Chinese Merino sheep variety classification standard (trying), both there is higher product hair performance (wool quality meets the requirement of woolen industry to fine wool), there is again meat performance strong, grow fast, lambing percentage is high, dressing percentage reaches 50%, than the dressing percentage height 5-7 percentage point of general Sino-U.S. sheep, become the novel strain of mao meat compatibility, there is wide market sale prospect, show technological progress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Accompanying drawing is the strain breeding principle process schematic diagram of this method;
As shown in the figure:
1) Poll Dorset Saite sheep is male parent × caddice wool chine is hybrid sheep in female parent → hybridization → F1 generation road, containing 1/2 road Saite blood sheep;
2) select F1 generation to hybridize ewe to be female parent × caddice wool chine be male parent → backcross → F2 for hybrid sheep in road, containing 1/4 road Saite blood sheep; To select F1 generation to hybridize ram be male parent × caddice wool chine for maternal → backcross → F2 for hybrid sheep in road, Ji Han 1/4 road Saite blood sheep;
3) the not consanguine ewe of the ram × choosing in F2 generation → F3 breeding group ewe and standby ram is selected;
Select F2 generation hybridization ram to be male parent × select F2 generation hybridization ewe to be female parent → traversed by → F3 for hybrid sheep in road, namely male and female sheep is individual;
Select F2 generation hybridization ram be male parent × select F1 generation hybridize ewe for maternal → backcross → F3 for hybrid sheep in road, obtain male and female sheep individual;
Select F2 generation hybridization ram to be male parent × select caddice wool chine ewe for maternal → backcross → another F3 for hybrid sheep in road, obtain male and female sheep individual;
4) select F3 generation hybridization ewe × select F3 generation hybridization ram → mating → hair meat dual-purpose strain zero flock of sheep from generation to generation;
5) to select and remain zero from generation to generation sheep carry out the natural breeding of 3-4 generation, obtain the wool meat dual-purpose strain of Chinese Merino.
Embodiment
Be described further below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
The implementation step of the breeding method of Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain:
1, determine breeding objective, meet ideal type condition: (1) macroscopic features: physique is solid, build rectangularity, skeletal support is good; The head breadth is slightly short, and ram is acerous or part has little angle, and ewe is acerous; Capillus is to informer, and neck tubbiness has little skirt to wrinkle.Shoulder, the back of the body, waist are wide and flat, chest arch circle.Backsight sheep stern minister and side, buttocks muscles is plentiful, leg muscle is developed to tarsal joint.(2) fleece quality productivity: meet Chinese Merino sheep variety classification standard regulation, scouring yield >=50%.(3) Meat Performance: grow up ram body weight >=90kg; Grow up ewe body weight >=50kg, 120 age in days body weight >=30kg, dressing percentage >=50%, lambing percentage >=135%.
2, technology of artificial insemination is adopted to breed the Poll Dorset Saite sheep as male parent and the caddice wool chine as female parent, obtain hybrid sheep in F1 generation road (containing 1/2 road Saite blood), utilize individual Phenotypic Selection method meat build of selecting and remain from F1 generation hybrid sheep obvious, neck is slightly short, chest is darker, wider, rear quarters is plentiful, by Mao Quanbai, evenness is better, meet fine wool sheep by hair feature, less than 25 μm are reached by hair main body, thigh coarse wool is less, Wool density is moderate, 120 more than age in days body weight 30.0kg, more than yearling weight 40kg, the ewe composition breeding underlying group of one full year of life more than clip 3.5kg, 120 more than age in days body weight 32.0kg, more than yearling weight 60kg, the ram ram in support of one full year of life more than clip 5.0kg.
3, hybridizing ewe for female parent with the F1 generation of selecting and remain, take caddice wool chine as male parent, adopts technology of artificial insemination to breed, obtains a part of F2 for hybrid sheep in road (containing 1/4 road Saite blood); With the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ram for male parent, take caddice wool chine as female parent, adopt technology of artificial insemination to breed, obtain a part of F2 for hybrid sheep in road (containing 1/4 road Saite blood).Utilize individual Phenotypic Selection method individual close to the certain male and female sheep of ideal type for selecting and remain in hybrid sheep road from F2, meat build is obvious, by Mao Quanbai, evenness is better, meet fine wool sheep by hair feature, by hair main body less than 25 μm, Wool density is good, 120 more than age in days body weight 30.0kg, the ewe composition breeding underlying group of more than yearling weight 40kg, one full year of life more than clip 3.8kg, select and remain 120 more than age in days body weight 32.0kg, the ram ram in support of more than yearling weight 60kg, one full year of life more than clip 5.5kg.
4, in F2, select the ram of ideal type, adopt technology of artificial insemination to match the ewe of not consanguinity degree, its progeny selection ideal type, is preferentially selected into breeding group:
(1) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, the F2 generation hybridization ewe of selecting and remain, for maternal, carry out traversed by, obtains a part of F3 for hybrid sheep in road;
(2) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, the F1 generation hybridization ewe of selecting and remain, for maternal, backcross, obtains a part of F3 for hybrid sheep in road;
(3) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, to meet the ewe of caddice wool chine standard (trying) for maternal, backcross, obtain another part F3 for hybrid sheep.
(4) utilize individual Phenotypic Selection method individual for ideal type male and female sheep individuality composition breeding underlying group group male and female sheep of selecting and remain in hybrid sheep road from F3, ewe meets 120 more than age in days body weight 30.0kg, more than yearling weight 40kg, one full year of life more than clip 3.8kg, ram meets 120 more than age in days body weight 32.0kg, the ram ram in support of more than yearling weight 60kg, one full year of life more than clip 5.5kg.
5, the F3 selected and remain generation hybridization ewe is hybridized ram with the F3 generation of selecting and remain, adopt technology of artificial insemination to carry out mating, produce Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain zero flock of sheep from generation to generation; Individual Phenotypic Selection method is utilized zero to select and remain flock of sheep from generation to generation more than yearling weight 60.0kg from this, one full year of life more than clip 5.5kg, by mao mao clump more than natural length 9.0cm, average fibre diameter < 25 μm, the outstanding ram of scouring yield >=55%; Select and remain more than yearling weight 40kg simultaneously, one full year of life more than clip 3.80kg, by mao mao clump natural length more than 9.0, and average fibre diameter≤25 μm, the outstanding ewe of scouring yield >=50%; Composition breeding underlying group;
6, adopt swarm robotic system selection-breeding method to select and remain zero from generation to generation sheep carry out the natural breeding of 3 ~ 4 generations, namely bred according to 1 year generation, select ideal type individuality composition breeding underlying group ewe and outstanding stud ram, breed in artificial insemination mode with select and remain ewe and this generation ram of selecting and remain of this generation, through the seed selection of 3-4 generation, obtain Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain.
Hybridization in this breeding method adopts regular insemination's method to carry out.
Backcrossing in this breeding method adopts regular insemination's method to carry out.
Each generation of strain development process in this method, only the performance tests such as lamb litter weight at birth, yearling weight, production of wool, wool fiber diameter are all wanted to sheep.
Juvenile stage standard of the present invention:
1) male parent Poll Dorset Saite (Australian import): there are complete pedigree archives; Selected hair is white, and meat build is obvious, and physique is solid, short and wide, light face, and wool is covered to two lines, and ear is greatly medium, acerous; Shirtfront is protruded, and chest breadth is dark, and rib is opened a business, and back of the body waist is straight; Rear quarters is plentiful; Whole body is barrel-shaped.Grow up ram body weight 100 ~ 125kg, good by hair evenness, more than natural length 8.0cm, scouring yield >=60%, wool fiber diameter < 27 μm, clip > 3.5kg.Male and female sheep is all acerous, and physique is solid, short and wide, neck tubbiness, and body body is long, chest breadth is dark, and back of the body waist is straight, and body body is drum-shaped, four limbs tubbiness, and rear quarters physically well develops, whole body by hair white, carcass quality and meat performance good, 4 monthly age lamb trunk 20-24 kilogram, dressing percentage more than 50%.Lambing percentage is 130%-180%.This kind sheep has precocity, grows fast, oestruses the whole year and heat-resisting and adapt to the features such as arid climate.
2) maternal caddice wool chine: meet Chinese Merino sheep variety classification standard (trying), build is good, adapt to free range husbandry, scouring yield is high, and wool quality is excellent.(1) macroscopic features: physique is solid, build is rectangle, and capillus is covered to two lines, and WITHERS is wide flat, and chest breadth is dark, and back of the body waist is long straight, and wide and flat, rear quarters is plentiful, and four limbs are solid, and standing posture is rectified; Ram has screw type angle, and ewe is acerous, and ram neck is by 1-2 horizontal gauffer and flourishing vertical gauffer, and ewe has flourishing vertical gauffer; Male and female sheep body skin is loosely all without obvious gauffer.(2) fleece quality: by hair white in scopular structure, closed good, density is large, fineness 60-70 props up, and 12 months staple lengths in side are not shorter than 9cm, each position staple length and fineness even, have obvious big-and-middle bending, oily sweat white or milky, content is moderate, be evenly distributed, side portion scouring yield is not less than 50%, and forelimb wool raw to wrist joint, and hind leg is to hock joint, belly wool raw good, in scopular structure.Productivity: under normal rearing conditions, its lowest manufactured performance indications: body weight 70kg after ram cropping of growing up, clean sourced fleece weight 5.5kg, body 40kg after adult ewe cropping, clean sourced fleece weight 3.0kg, body weight 38kg after ram hogg(et) cropping, clean sourced fleece weight 3.0kg, ewe hogg body 32kg, clean sourced fleece weight 2.5kg after cropping.
The feature that the Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain sheep that this method obtains has:
(1) macroscopic features: physique is solid, build rectangularity, skeletal support is good, and the head breadth is slightly short, ram is acerous or part has little angle, ewe is acerous, and capillus is to informer, and neck tubbiness has little skirt to wrinkle, shoulder, the back of the body, waist are wide and flat, chest arch circle, backsight sheep stern minister and side, buttocks muscles is plentiful, leg muscle is developed to tarsal joint.
(2) fleece quality productivity: meet Chinese Merino sheep variety classification standard (trying), has higher product hair performance (wool quality meets the requirement of woolen industry to fine wool), scouring yield >=50%.
(3) Meat Performance: grow up ram body weight >=90kg; Grow up ewe body weight >=50kg, lambing percentage >=135%, 120 age in days body weight >=30kg, dressing percentage 50%.The existing higher product hair performance (wool quality meets the requirement of woolen industry to fine wool) of Chinese Merino mutton hair dual-purpose new lines be bred as, there is again comparatively outstanding meat performance, grow fast, lambing percentage is high, dressing percentage reaches 50%, than the dressing percentage height 5-7 percentage point of general Sino-U.S. sheep; Be bred as sheep from external form, bodily form end side, back of the body waist is wide flat, and chest arch circle, rear quarters is plentiful, has obvious meat physical characteristic, is applicable to herding and drylot feeding.
(4) the Chinese Merino mutton hair dual-purpose new lines be bred as, there is higher product hair performance (wool quality meets the requirement of woolen industry to fine wool), there is again comparatively outstanding meat performance, the new lines be bred as have developed the potentiality of the meat performance of caddice wool chine, meets development trend and the produce market demand of China's sheep husbandry.
The maternal caddice wool chine that the present invention selects is listed in the tenth class in " Animal Genetic Resources in China register ", for sheep cultivates kind, and No. 37, sequence number; Male parent Poll Dorset Saite is listed in the tenth class in " Animal Genetic Resources in China register ", is sheep introduced variety, No. 49, sequence number.
Claims (3)
1. a breeding method for Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain, is characterized in that: implement step by step;
Step 1: select Poll Dorset Saite sheep to be male parent, caddice wool chine is maternal, hybridizes, obtains hybrid sheep in F1 generation road, Ji Han 1/2 road Saite blood sheep; Select and remain close to the F1 generation ewe composition breeding underlying group of ideal type, the F1 generation ram meeting ideal type gives over to standby ram;
Step 2: with the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ewe for female parent, take caddice wool chine as male parent, backcross, obtain F2 for hybrid sheep in road, Ji Han 1/4 road Saite blood sheep; With the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ram for male parent, be female parent with caddice wool chine, backcross, obtain F2 for hybrid sheep in road, Ji Han 1/4 road Saite blood sheep; Select and remain close to the F2 godmother sheep composition breeding underlying group of ideal type, the F2 meeting ideal type that selects and remain gives over to standby ram for ram;
Step 3: with the ram of the F2 selected and remain for sheep, the laterally not consanguine ewe of apolegamy, the F3 that selects and remain is for male and female sheep individuality composition breeding group ewe and standby ram:
(1) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, with the F2 selected and remain generation hybridization ewe for female parent, carry out traversed by, hybrid sheep in get F3Dai road, stay ideal type male and female sheep individual;
(2) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, with the F1 generation of selecting and remain hybridization ewe for female parent, backcross, hybrid sheep in get F3Dai road, stays ideal type male and female sheep individual;
(3) hybridize ram for male parent with the F2 selected and remain generation, select the caddice wool chine ewe of standard for maternal, backcross, obtain another F3 for hybrid sheep in road, stay ideal type male and female sheep individual;
Step 4: by the F3 generation hybridization ewe of selecting and remain, ram mating is hybridized with the F3 generation meeting ideal type, produce hair meat dual-purpose strain zero flock of sheep from generation to generation of caddice wool chine, selector closes the ewe of ideal type as breeding underlying group, the ram ram in support meeting ideal type of selecting and remain;
Step 5: to select and remain zero from generation to generation sheep carry out the natural breeding of 3-4 generation, stay ideal type offspring sheep, obtain Chinese merino wool meat dual-purpose strain.
2. breeding method according to claim l, is characterized in that: described hybridization adopts artificial insemination method to carry out.
3. breeding method according to claim l, is characterized in that: described backcrossing adopts artificial insemination method to carry out.
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| CN104186403B (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2016-05-04 | 洛宁农本畜牧科技开发有限公司 | The hybridization breeding method of a kind of this sheep of agriculture |
| CN106857404A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-20 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Mutton Merino new varieties |
| CN109511608A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-03-26 | 甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站 | A kind of breeding method of the meat new lines of high mountain Merino |
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