CN112956448A - Strain breeding method for improving early egg weight of local special laying hens - Google Patents
Strain breeding method for improving early egg weight of local special laying hens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens. The method selects local characteristic laying hens as the breeds, forms the laying hens with excellent egg laying performance by continuously optimizing and selecting the breeds, obviously improves the produced eggs, breeds and strains meeting the market requirements, and has great market application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laying hen breeding, and particularly relates to a strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local characteristic laying hens.
Technical Field
The egg weight is an important index for measuring the egg laying performance of the laying hen strain, and the heritability is generally about 0.5. The traditional egg weight breeding method is characterized in that the average egg weight of 3 continuous eggs at the age of 43 weeks represents the individual egg weight, and individuals with overlarge or undersize egg weight in a specific proportion are eliminated according to the egg weight breeding target. The method is widely applied to egg product series egg reselection. The research on the egg weight growth rule of a plurality of egg chicken varieties shows that the egg weight has a relatively fixed growth mode, the egg weight is small when being produced, the egg weight grows approximately linearly after 6-8 weeks, the egg weight is slowly accelerated after about 30 weeks, and the egg weight gradually approaches the egg weight limit. Therefore, the currently and generally adopted method for re-selecting the seeds of the eggs with the age of 43 weeks cannot reflect the growth speed of the early egg weight of an individual, and the method has great limitation on controlling the early egg weight.
Compared with high-yield laying hens, most of local special laying hen varieties have the defect of slow growth of early egg weight (before egg laying peak). For example, the weight of high-yield laying hens (taking the Hailan laying hens as an example) is 51.2 grams at 20 weeks, 57.5 grams at 25 weeks, 60.9 grams at 30 weeks and 62.7 grams at 43 weeks. Local chicken breeds (such as Rugao yellow chicken) have the egg weight of 30.5 grams at 20 weeks, 41.4 grams at 25 weeks, 43.8 grams at 30 weeks and 45.4 grams at 43 weeks. Both types of eggs gained about 15 grams from the beginning to the later period of production, but the difference was very large. The market consumes 50 grams of eggs of high-yield laying hens in the early period and 15 grams of eggs in the later period according to jin, and the market production is not influenced. The local chicken breeds have the special characteristics that the weight of eggs laid by the local chicken breeds is only about 25 to 30 grams when the local chicken breeds are laid for 20 weeks, the eggs at the stage are too small, the local chicken breeds are not suitable for breeding and are not beneficial to sale, and the market requirements can be completely met when the weight of eggs laid by the local chicken breeds reaches 45 grams when the local chicken breeds are laid for 43 weeks according to the existing growth rule. How to increase the growth speed of early egg weight and realize ideal egg weight as soon as possible becomes one of the main targets of local characteristic laying hen breeding.
According to the Chinese journal of livestock and poultry genetic resources-poultry journal (published in 2010-12 months by Chinese agriculture publishing Co., Ltd.), 83 local egg-type and dual-use type chicken species are identified in China. By 2019, 8 local characteristic laying hens such as new poplar green-shell laying hens, Su-bird green-shell laying hens, new poplar black feather laying hens, Fengda No. 1 laying hens, Guangdong-bird Huang No. 5 laying hens, Yufen No. 1 laying hens, Xinhua No. 2 laying hens, chestnut garden oil chicken laying hens and the like are bred in China, and a batch of laying hens are bred. Therefore, the research on the breeding method for improving the early egg weight and the cultivation of the variety and the strain with the early egg weight meeting the market demand on the basis are an important work for breeding local special laying hens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly relates to a strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens.
The invention aims to provide a strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of a special laying hen, which increases the early egg weight and the growth speed so as to improve the utilization rate of hatching eggs and commercial egg substitutes. In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens comprises the following steps:
1) selecting young broods of the local characteristic laying hen core group pedigree, wearing wing numbers, feeding in a single cage in the laying period, and adopting conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures for free feeding;
2) determining average egg weight of individual and family week from the birth of the core group to 43 weeks old, wherein the specific method comprises once per week egg gathering of each hen and weighing total egg weight, weighing total egg weight of the week on the last day of each week and calculating to obtain average egg weight of individual week; performing family week average egg weight statistical calculation through family score query;
3) based on the average egg weight of the family week, selecting two weeks with an interval of more than 4 weeks between 20-26 weeks, drawing by taking the week as a horizontal coordinate and the average egg weight of the family as a vertical coordinate, and eliminating the family with slow weight gain of 30-35%;
4) in the seed remaining families in the step 3), based on the average egg weight of each individual week, selecting two weeks of age with an interval of more than 4 weeks between 20-26 weeks of age, using the families as a unit, using the weeks of age one by one as a horizontal coordinate, using the average egg weight of each individual as a vertical coordinate for mapping, and eliminating 30-35% of individuals with slow weight gain in each family;
5) in the reserved hen in the step 4), sorting according to the average egg weight of individual weeks of 43 weeks of age, and selecting seeds according to the egg weight of the strain to respectively eliminate individuals with larger and smaller egg weights in a certain proportion;
6) selecting a full sibling cock of the breeding hens for breeding;
7) and (5) selecting and matching the male parent and the female parent, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
Further, in the step 1): selecting and measuring 1800 or more local special laying hen core group pedigrees young broods, wearing wing numbers, and feeding at least 1600 single cages in the laying period.
Further, the weeks of age selected in said steps 3), 4) are 20 and 24, 21 and 25 weeks of age.
Further, 2-3 full-sib cocks of the hens reserved for the seeds are selected in the step 6) and used for the seeds.
Further, in the step 7), selecting and matching according to the ratio of 1:10 of male to female, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
Further, in the step 1), the local characteristic laying hens are new poplar green shell laying hens, Su bird green shell laying hens, new poplar black feather laying hens, Fengda No. 1 laying hens, Guangdong bird Huang No. 5 laying hens, Yufen No. 1 laying hens, Xinhua No. 2 laying hens and chestnut garden oil chicken laying hens.
The invention has the advantages that: the method selects local characteristic laying hens as the breeds, forms the laying hens with excellent egg laying performance by continuously optimizing and selecting the breeds, obviously improves the produced eggs, breeds and strains meeting the market requirements, and has great market application value.
Detailed Description
A strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens comprises the following steps:
1. selecting and measuring 1800 or more local special laying hen core group pedigrees young chicks, wearing wing numbers, feeding in a single cage (not less than 1600) in the laying period, and adopting conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures to feed freely.
2. Average egg weights were determined for individuals from the core group to 43 weeks of age and for the family week. The specific method is that each hen collects eggs once a week and weighs the total weight of the eggs, and the total weight of the eggs laid in the week is weighed in the last day of the week and the average egg weight in individual week is calculated; and statistically calculating the average egg weight of the family week through pedigree query.
3. Based on the average egg weight of the family, two weeks (such as 20 and 24, 21 and 25 weeks) with an interval of 4 weeks or more between 20-26 weeks are selected, and the average egg weight of the family is plotted with the week age as the abscissa and the ordinate. And 30-35% of families with slow weight gain are eliminated.
4. In the seed remaining family in the step (3), based on the average egg weight of the individual in each week, two weeks of age (for example, 20 and 24, 21 and 25 weeks of age) with an interval of more than 4 weeks between 20-26 weeks of age are selected, and the average egg weight of the individual is plotted as the ordinate one by one with the week of age as the abscissa by taking the family as a unit. In each family, 30-35% of individuals with slow weight gain are eliminated.
5. And (4) sorting the reserved hens in the step (4) according to the average egg weight of the individuals of 43 weeks of age in each week, and selecting the breeds according to the egg weight targets of the strain to respectively eliminate the individuals with larger and smaller egg weights in certain proportions (such as 5-15 percent respectively).
6. Selecting 2-3 full-sibling cocks of the breeding hens for breeding.
7. Selecting and matching according to the male-female ratio of about 1:10, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
Example 1
The new strain L3 of the green-shell laying hens is selected, the green-shell laying hens are fed in a single cage in the egg producing period in a free feeding mode according to conventional nutrition levels, environmental conditions and feeding management measures, and the selection of the early egg weight and the growth speed of the hens is improved through the following steps during the subculture pure breeding so as to improve the generation progress of the character.
1. 1800 young chicks of a new green-shell layer strain L3 core group pedigree are selected, the number of family is 60, the young chicks wear wing numbers, the young chicks are raised in a single cage in the laying period, and the young chicks are fed freely by conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures.
2. Average egg weights were determined for individuals from the core group to 43 weeks of age and for the family week. Each hen collects eggs once a week and weighs the total weight of the eggs, and the average egg weight per week of the individual and the average egg weight per week of the family are calculated. A total of 1623 individuals were obtained by 43 weeks of age, with a weekly average egg weight for the corresponding 60 families.
3. The average egg weight data of the families of 20 and 24 weeks old are taken as the basis, and the average egg weight of the families of week old is taken as the abscissa for plotting. This step eliminated 19 slow-gaining families at this stage, involving 520 individuals, 41 remaining families, and 1103 individuals.
4. And (4) in the seed reserving family in the step (3), based on the average egg weight data of the individual weeks of 20 and 24 weeks of age, drawing by taking the family as a unit and the average egg weight of the individual weeks of week of age as an abscissa one by one as an ordinate. In each family, 30-35% of individuals with slow weight gain are eliminated. This step eliminated 415 individuals altogether, and 688 individuals remained.
5. The egg weight selection target of the new green-shell laying hen strain L3 is to basically keep the egg weight of 43 weeks old and improve the egg weight before 30 weeks old, in the seed-reserving hens in the step (4), the eggs are sorted according to the average egg weight of 43 weeks old individuals, and about 5% of the individuals with larger and smaller egg weight are eliminated by using a head-tail elimination method. This procedure eliminated 88 individuals altogether, and kept 600 individuals for seed.
6. Selecting 2-3 full-sibling cocks of the breeding hens for breeding.
7. And (5) selecting and matching according to the male-female ratio of 1:10, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
Comparative example 1: (comparison of the genetic improvement of the present Generation with the weight of eggs at 43 weeks and 25 weeks)
1. The average egg weight of the parent population of the generation is counted to be 50.6 g at the age of 43 weeks before selection, and 42.6 g at the age of 25 weeks. If the traditional selection method is adopted, according to the weight of eggs of 43 weeks, each family independently eliminates the individuals with over-large egg weight of 20 percent and over-small egg weight of 20 percent, selects and reserves 600 hen individuals for pure reproduction, and names the hen individuals as P1. The average egg weight of 43 weeks old is 51.1 g and the average egg weight of 25 weeks old is 43.1 g after statistics of P1, the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 43 weeks old of the generation is 0.25 (0.5 x 0.5) g, and the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 25 weeks old is 0.25 (0.5 x 0.5) g. The procedure of example 1 was actually adopted for the selection and reservation in this generation, and the number of the hens actually reserved was still 600, which was named as P2. The average egg weight of 43 weeks old is 51.2 grams after P2 is counted, and the average egg weight of 25 weeks old is 44.5 grams, so that the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 43 weeks old is 0.3 (0.6 x 0.5) gram and the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 25 weeks old is 0.95 (1.9 x 0.5) gram. It can be seen that the genetic improvement amount of the 43-week-old egg of the generation is actually increased from 0.25 g to 0.3 g, which is increased by 0.05 g, and the original egg weight is basically maintained; the genetic improvement amount of the 25-week-old eggs is actually increased from 0.25 g to 0.95 g, and is increased by 0.7 g and is increased by 280%.
Example 2
Selecting a new Rugao yellow chicken strain C3, carrying out conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures, carrying out free feeding, feeding in a single cage in an egg laying period, and improving selection of early egg weight and growth speed of hens in the process of successive pure breeding so as to improve the generation progress of the character.
1. Selecting 2000 Rugao yellow chicken new strain C3 core group pedigree young chicks with 60 family lines, wearing wing numbers, feeding in a single cage in an egg producing period, and adopting conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions, feeding management measures and free feeding.
2. Average egg weights were determined for individuals from the core group to 43 weeks of age and for the family week. Each hen collects eggs once a week and weighs the total weight of the eggs, and the average egg weight per week of the individual and the average egg weight per week of the family are calculated. The week-averaged egg weights of 1812 individuals and the corresponding 60 families were taken for a total of 43 weeks of age.
3. And drawing by taking the average egg weight data of the families of 21 and 25 weeks old as a basis and taking the average egg weight of the families of week old as an abscissa as an ordinate. This step eliminated 17 slow-gaining families at this stage, involving 572 individuals, 43 remaining families, 1220 individuals.
4. And (4) in the seed reserving family in the step (3), based on the average egg weight data of the individual weeks of 21 and 25 weeks of age, drawing by taking the family as a unit and the average egg weight of the individual weeks of week of age as an abscissa one by one as an ordinate. In each family, 30-35% of individuals with slow weight gain are eliminated. This step eliminated 514 individuals altogether, leaving 706 individuals.
5. The egg weight selection of the new Rugao yellow chicken strain C3 aims at maintaining the egg weight of 43 weeks old and improving the egg weight before 30 weeks old, and in the mother chicken reserved for seed in the step (4), the eggs are sorted according to the average egg weight of the individuals of 43 weeks old every week, and about 5 percent of the individuals with larger egg weight and the individuals with smaller egg weight are eliminated by using a head-to-tail elimination method. The step eliminates 106 individuals in total and reserves 600 individuals.
6. Selecting 2-3 full-sibling cocks of the breeding hens for breeding.
7. And (5) selecting and matching according to the male-female ratio of 1:10, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
Comparative example 1: (comparison of the genetic improvement of the present Generation with the weight of eggs at 43 weeks and 25 weeks)
1. The average egg weight of the parent population of the generation is counted to be 45.7 g at the age of 43 weeks before selection, and 33.7 g at the age of 25 weeks. If the traditional selection method is adopted, according to the weight of eggs of 43 weeks, each family independently eliminates the individuals with over-large egg weight of 20 percent and over-small egg weight of 20 percent, selects and reserves 600 hen individuals for pure reproduction, and names the hen individuals as P1. The average egg weight of 43 weeks old is 46.1 g and the average egg weight of 25 weeks old is 34.2 g by statistics of P1, the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 43 weeks old of the generation is 0.2 (0.4 x 0.5) g and the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 25 weeks old is 0.25 (0.5 x 0.5) g by applying the method. The procedure of example 1 was actually adopted for the selection and reservation in this generation, and the number of the hens actually reserved was still 600, which was named as P2. The average egg weight of 43 weeks old is 46.2 g and the average egg weight of 25 weeks old is 35.2 g after statistics of P2, the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 43 weeks old is 0.25 (0.5 x 0.5) g and the genetic improvement amount of the egg weight of 25 weeks old is 0.75 (1.5 x 0.5) g. The genetic improvement amount of the 43-week-old eggs of the generation is actually improved from 0.2 g to 0.25 g, is increased by 0.05 g and is basically maintained unchanged; the genetic improvement amount of 25-week-old eggs is actually increased from 0.25 g to 0.75 g by 0.5 g and is increased by 200%.
Claims (6)
1. A strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting young broods of the local characteristic laying hen core group pedigree, wearing wing numbers, feeding in a single cage in the laying period, and adopting conventional nutrition level, environmental conditions and feeding management measures for free feeding;
2) determining average egg weight of individual and family week from the birth of the core group to 43 weeks old, wherein the specific method comprises once per week egg gathering of each hen and weighing total egg weight, weighing total egg weight of the week on the last day of each week and calculating to obtain average egg weight of individual week; performing family week average egg weight statistical calculation through family score query;
3) based on the average egg weight of the family week, selecting two weeks with an interval of more than 4 weeks between 20-26 weeks, drawing by taking the week as a horizontal coordinate and the average egg weight of the family as a vertical coordinate, and eliminating the family with slow weight gain of 30-35%;
4) in the seed remaining families in the step 3), based on the average egg weight of each individual week, selecting two weeks of age with an interval of more than 4 weeks between 20-26 weeks of age, using the families as a unit, using the weeks of age one by one as a horizontal coordinate, using the average egg weight of each individual as a vertical coordinate for mapping, and eliminating 30-35% of individuals with slow weight gain in each family;
5) in the reserved hen in the step 4), sorting according to the average egg weight of individual weeks of 43 weeks of age, and selecting seeds according to the egg weight of the strain to respectively eliminate individuals with larger and smaller egg weights in a certain proportion;
6) selecting a full sibling cock of the breeding hens for breeding;
7) and (5) selecting and matching the male parent and the female parent, establishing a family and carrying out subculture propagation.
2. The strain breeding method for increasing the early egg weight of the local specialty laying hens as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1): selecting and measuring 1800 or more local special laying hen core group pedigrees young broods, wearing wing numbers, and feeding at least 1600 single cages in the laying period.
3. The line breeding method for increasing the early egg weight of the local specialty laying hens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the week-old stages selected in the steps 3) and 4) are 20 and 24, 21 and 25 weeks old.
4. The strain breeding method for increasing the early egg weight of the local specialty laying hens as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2-3 full-sib cocks of the breed-reserving hens are selected for the breed reservation in the step 6).
5. The strain breeding method for increasing the early egg weight of the local featured layer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the strain is selected and matched according to the male-female ratio of 1:10, and a family is established for subculture propagation.
6. The strain breeding method for improving the early egg weight of local special laying hens according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the local special laying hens are new poplar green-shell laying hens, Su-bird green-shell laying hens, new poplar black-feather laying hens, Fengda No. 1 laying hens, Guangdong bird Huang No. 5 laying hens, Yufen No. 1 laying hens, Xinhua No. 2 laying hens and chestnut garden oil laying hens.
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