CN115251004B - Cultivation method of green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers - Google Patents
Cultivation method of green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers Download PDFInfo
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000218671 Ephedra Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036750 egg laying performance Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219061 Rheum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009411 Rheum rhabarbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers, which takes a bred green-shank yellow-feather broiler fast-feather pure line as a male parent, uses a light-colored green-shank yellow-feather broiler fast-feather pure line as a female parent to mate, selects F1-generation green-shank hens, mates with the green-shank yellow-feather broiler fast-feather pure line to obtain F2-generation of green-shank Huang Yukuai feather, and continuously and successively breeds 4 or more generations based on the F2-generation to obtain the high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler fast-feather pure-mating line; mating the bred slow-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler as a male parent and the slow-feather pure line of the light-color shank yellow-feather broiler as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen, mating with the slow-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler to obtain an F2 generation of green-shank Huang Yuman feather, and continuously breeding 4 or more generations based on the F2 generation to obtain a high-quality slow-feather pure line of the green-shank yellow-feather broiler; mating the fast-feather homozygous mating line serving as a male parent and the slow-feather homozygous mating line serving as a female parent to obtain commercial generation broilers with female and male parents; the method has stable heredity and accurate identification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers.
Background
Guizhou yellow chicken has the characteristics of strong stress resistance, quick early growth and development, excellent egg laying performance, good meat quality, attractive hair color and the like, and is a good material for producing high-quality chickens. The Guizhou yellow chicken feather is similar to the fast rhubarb chicken in color and has light shin and lower growth speed than the fast rhubarb chicken, and this results in gradually lost market share. Meanwhile, local chicken with black feather and green feet is favored, such as Wen's Ma chicken, iron foot Ma chicken, yao chicken and the like. In order to make the Guizhou yellow chicken a valuable resource capable of being innovatively utilized and bring the advantages of the Guizhou yellow chicken into play, the yellow feather characteristics, egg laying performance and meat quality characteristics of the Guizhou yellow chicken are very necessary to be reserved, the Guizhou yellow chicken is hybridized with Weining chicken which shows green shin ephedra feather in a progressive mode, a green shin gene is introduced, and a new strain of the Guizhou yellow chicken with green shin yellow feather is cultivated, so that the Guizhou yellow chicken meets the market demands in southwest areas of China, and the Guizhou yellow chicken production continues to play a role in Guizhou and southwest areas.
The patent with publication number CN107821322A discloses a breeding method of green-shank tingling-feather chickens, which relates to four-line breeding of four local varieties, more varieties and more complicated procedures, and does not carry out breeding aiming at fast and slow feather characters; the patent with publication number CN100403890C discloses a production method of high-quality broilers with green or yellow shin dominance and white feather, which utilizes the white feather character dominantly to select and breed the feather color of the offspring of the green (yellow) shin, and does not select and breed the green shin gene introduction and the fast and slow feather character; the patent with publication number of CN111406709A discloses a method for breeding a self-male-female strain of a pre-maturing type spicy chicken, wherein a yellow shank slow feather line is obtained through breeding and is hybridized with a bred fast feather line, and the re-breeding of a green shank line and a fast feather line is not involved; the patent with publication number of CN113875694A discloses a seed production method of a Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set system, which takes different strains of the Huainan spotted-brown chicken as research objects, does not relate to more than two different varieties, and does not select and breed the introduction of green shank genes and the fast and slow feather characters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cultivating green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical steps:
a method for breeding green-shank yellow-feather broilers comprises the following steps:
(1) A fast-feather homozygous mating line of green-shank yellow-feather broilers: taking the bred fast-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler as a male parent, taking the fast-feather pure line of the light-colored shank yellow feather broiler as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen after mating, mating with the fast-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler to obtain an F2 generation of the fast-feather yellow feather of the green-shank, continuously carrying out successive transfer breeding for 4 or more generations according to a family selection method based on the F2 generation, and continuously carrying out successive transfer breeding for more than 4 generations to obtain a high-quality fast-feather pure-feather mating line of the green-shank yellow feather broiler;
(2) Yellow-feather broiler green-shank slow-feather homozygous mating line: taking the bred yellow-shank slow-feather pure line of the ephedra feather broiler as a male parent, taking the light-color yellow-shank broiler slow-feather pure line as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation yellow-shank hen after mating, mating with the yellow-shank yellow-feather pure line of the yellow-shank ephedra feather broiler to obtain an F2 generation of the yellow-shank slow-feather, continuously carrying out subculture for 4 or more generations based on the F2 generation according to a family selection method, and obtaining a high-quality yellow-shank yellow-feather broiler slow-feather homozygous mating line;
(3) Commodity generation: the high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather homozygous mating line is taken as a male parent, and the high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler slow-feather homozygous mating line is taken as a female parent to mate, so that the commercial generation green-shank yellow-feather broiler with female and male characteristics is obtained.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the selection and remaining standard of the F1 generation green shank hen is 300 days old, the weight is 2.03-2.25kg, and the egg yield is 73-75.
Further, in steps (1) and (2), the F2 reference is a green-shank hen and a green-shank cock; the selection and retention standard of the green shank hen is 300 days old, the weight is 2.08-2.29kg, and the egg yield is 74-80; the selection and remaining standard of the F2 generation green shank cock is 300 days old and the weight is 2.48-2.74kg.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the first generation core group establishes 60 families according to 300-day-old body weight and egg yield of F2 generation individuals from high to low breeding.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the continuous subculture breeding of 4 or more generations is performed according to the 1 st generation core group selection criteria and family number.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the purification of the leukemia and the white diarrhea epidemic disease of the poultry is carried out according to the epidemic disease evolution standard in each generation.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the green-shank ephedra feather broiler fast-feather pure line and the ephedra feather broiler green-shank slow-feather pure line use Weining chickens as breeding materials.
Further, in the steps (1) and (2), the yellow-feather broiler fast-feather pure line and the yellow-feather broiler slow-feather pure line use Guizhou yellow chickens which show light shin as breeding materials.
Further, in the step (3), the commercial green-shank yellow-feather broilers are 100 days old, and the average out-of-stock weight is 1.43-1.92kg.
Further, in the step (3), the self-identification of the male and female means that the female is identified within 24 hours of hatching, the hen shows a fast feather, i.e. the main wing is longer than the main wing by more than 5mm, and the cock shows a slow feather, i.e. the main wing is not longer than or shorter than the main wing.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The invention provides a method for breeding green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers, which is an improved method for obtaining Guizhou yellow chickens, and ensures that the dominant characteristics of the Guizhou yellow chickens form stable inheritance, thereby providing a new way for breeding local chickens.
(2) The breeding method of the invention not only introduces the characteristic of green shank, but also retains the advantages of moderate Guizhou yellow chicken body, delicious meat quality, strong disease resistance and the like, has stable heredity, is characterized by green shank yellow feather, fast growth, high meat production performance and the like of the local chicken, can rapidly and accurately identify the male and female by fast and slow feather, can be directly used for production, and effectively and rapidly promotes the breeding process of new line of Guizhou local chicken.
(3) The invention takes green-shank ephedra feather broiler (Weining chicken) and light-colored shank yellow feather broiler (Guizhou yellow chicken) as research objects, utilizes the green-shank companion genetic theory, simultaneously respectively breeds a green-shank yellow feather broiler fast-feather homozygote mating line and a green-shank yellow feather broiler slow-feather homozygote mating line according to two technical routes, and produces commercial products with the breeding mating line which are expressed as green-shank yellow feather and can be self-distinguished from male and female, and has the characteristics of few varieties, simple procedures and convenient application.
Drawings
For a clearer description of an example of the invention or of a technical solution in the prior art, the drawings required in the description of the embodiment or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some examples of the invention, from which, without the inventive development, other drawings can be obtained for a person skilled in the art:
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap of a method for breeding green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers;
FIG. 2 is an agarose gel electrophoresis of a portion of a sample PCR amplification product according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, the 2, 3-Weining chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 5-Guizhou yellow chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 6-Weining chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 7, 8-Guizhou yellow chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 9-F2 generation fast feather pure line sample and the 10-F2 generation slow feather pure line sample;
FIG. 3 is an agarose gel electrophoresis of a partial sample after PCR amplification; wherein, the 2-Weining chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 3-Guizhou yellow chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 4-F2 generation fast feather pure line sample, the 5-Weining chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 6-Guizhou yellow chicken slow feather pure line sample and the 7-F2 generation slow feather pure line sample.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in further detail, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments, any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the present examples, which still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a method for breeding green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broilers, taking Guizhou yellow chicken and Weining chicken as examples, comprises the following steps:
(1) High-quality green-shank yellow-feather broilers fast-feather homozygous mating line: taking a bred green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather pure line (Weining chicken) as a male parent in a Guizhou university research chicken farm, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen after mating, mating with the green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather pure line (Weining chicken) to obtain an F2 generation of the green-shank quick-feather yellow-feather, constructing 60 families as a first generation core group according to 300-day-age body weight of a cock and 300-day-age egg yield of a hen, continuously breeding 4 or more generations according to the standard and family number, and obtaining a high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather homozygous mating system;
(2) High-quality yellow-feather broiler green-shank slow-feather homozygous mating line: taking a bred green-shank ephedra feather broiler slow-feather pure line (Weining chicken) as a male parent, taking a light-color shank yellow-feather broiler slow-feather pure line (Guizhou yellow chicken) as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen after mating, mating with the green-shank ephedra feather broiler slow-feather pure line (Weining chicken) to obtain an F2 generation of the green-shank slow-feather yellow feather, constructing 60 families as a first generation core group according to the 300-day-old body weight of a cock and the 300-day-old egg yield of the hen, and continuously breeding more than 4 generations according to the standard and the family number to obtain a high-quality green-shank yellow feather broiler slow-feather homozygous mating system;
purifying fowl leukemia and white diarrhea epidemic disease in each generation; in the process of subculture breeding, the key selection indexes of the fast-feather homozygote mating line of the green-shank yellow-feather broilers are growth speed, appearance property and propagation property; the key selection index of the yellow-feather broiler green-shank slow-feather homozygous mating line is the reproduction character, the appearance character and the growth speed;
(3) The core group continuously breeds for 4 generations, and a qualified cock of a high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather homozygous mating system and a qualified hen of a high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler slow-feather homozygous mating system are selected to mate, so that a commercial generation of the green-shank yellow-feather high-quality broiler with quick-slow feather being female and male is obtained, the quick-feather (i.e. the main wing feather is longer than the main wing feather by more than 5 mm) is used as a hen, and the slow-feather is used as a cock (i.e. the main wing feather is not grown out or shorter than the main wing feather).
TABLE 1 egg laying Performance, fertility Rate, hatchability results
TABLE 2 weight gain of roosters
Note that: the capitalization of different letters of the same row is extremely remarkable (p < 0.01), the capitalization of different letters is remarkable (p < 0.05), and the same letters are not remarkable.
TABLE 3 hen weight gain
Note that: the capitalization of different letters of the same row is extremely remarkable (p < 0.01), the capitalization of different letters is remarkable (p < 0.05), and the same letters are not remarkable.
TABLE 4 determination of slaughter Properties of 120-day-old roosters
Note that: the capitalization of different letters of the same row is extremely remarkable (p < 0.01), the capitalization of different letters is remarkable (p < 0.05), and the same letters are not remarkable.
TABLE 5 determination of slaughter Properties of 120-day-old hens
Note that: the capitalization of different letters of the same row is extremely remarkable (p < 0.01), the capitalization of different letters is remarkable (p < 0.05), and the same letters are not remarkable.
Table 1 shows that the F2 generation has stable propagation properties. After selective breeding, the commodity generation shows Huang Yuqing shin, and tables 2-5 show that the average sales weight of commodity generation 100 days old is 1.43-1.92kg, the meat production performance is good, and the grain-saving characteristic is shown. Meanwhile, the quick and slow feathers are used for automatically distinguishing male and female, so that the stress reaction, epidemic disease transmission and the like of commodity chicks are effectively avoided.
Example 2
Randomly extracting 100 feathers of a Weining chicken slow feather pure line, 100 feathers of a Guizhou yellow chicken slow feather pure line, 100 feathers of a Weining chicken fast feather pure line (Weining chicken), 100 feathers of a Guizhou yellow chicken fast feather pure line and 100 feathers of each F2 generation fast and slow feather respectively, extracting genomic DNA of the chicken to be detected by adopting a method of Li Honglin (2019) molecular marking the fast and slow feathers, and carrying out PCR amplification by using a primer pair; then, the PCR product was digested with Tap1 endonuclease.
FIG. 2 is an agarose gel electrophoresis of a portion of a sample PCR amplification product according to the example; wherein, the 2 and 3 holes drop into the Weining chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 5 holes drop into the Guizhou yellow chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 6 holes drop into the Weining chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 7 and 8 holes drop into the Guizhou yellow chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 9 holes drop into the F2 generation fast feather pure line sample, and the 10 holes drop into the F2 generation slow feather pure line sample;
FIG. 3 is an agarose gel electrophoresis of a partial sample after PCR amplification; wherein, the 2 # hole drops into the Weining chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 3 # hole drops into the Guizhou yellow chicken fast feather pure line sample, the 4 # hole drops into the F2 generation fast feather pure line sample, the 5 # hole drops into the Weining chicken slow feather pure line sample, the 6 # hole drops into the Guizhou yellow chicken slow feather pure line sample, and the 7 # hole drops into the F2 generation slow feather pure line sample.
The fast feather homozygote and the slow feather homozygote and the heterozygote are judged according to the following criteria: the enzyme section has 171bp band, which is the fast feather homozygote genotype; the two characteristic bands of 132bp and 39bp appear in the enzyme section, and the characteristic bands are slow feather homozygote genotypes; the three characteristic bands of 171bp, 132bp and 39bp appear in the enzyme section, and the characteristic bands are slow feather heterozygous genotypes. The test results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
The test result shows that the bred F2 generation slow-feather pure line and F2 generation fast-feather pure line have stable properties, have no new mutation, and can be used as one of breeding properties in production application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The method for breeding the green-shank yellow-feather broilers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) A fast-feather homozygous mating line of green-shank yellow-feather broilers: taking the bred fast-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler as a male parent, taking the light-colored fast-feather pure line of the green-shank yellow-feather broiler as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen after mating, mating with the fast-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler to obtain an F2 generation of the green-shank Huang Yukuai feather, continuously carrying out successive transfer breeding for 4 or more generations according to a family selection method based on the F2 generation, and obtaining a high-quality fast-feather pure-line of the green-shank yellow-feather broiler;
(2) Slow-feather homozygous mating line of green-shank yellow-feather broilers: taking the bred slow-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler as a male parent, taking the slow-feather pure line of the light-colored shank yellow-feather broiler as a female parent, selecting and reserving an F1 generation green-shank hen after mating, mating with the slow-feather pure line of the green-shank ephedra feather broiler to obtain an F2 generation of green-shank Huang Yuman feather, continuously carrying out successive transfer breeding for 4 or more generations according to a family selection method based on the F2 generation, and obtaining a high-quality slow-feather pure-line of the green-shank yellow-feather broiler;
(3) Commodity generation: the high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler quick-feather homozygous mating line is taken as a male parent, and the high-quality green-shank yellow-feather broiler slow-feather homozygous mating line is taken as a female parent to mate, so that the commercial generation green-shank yellow-feather broiler with female and male characteristics is obtained.
2. The method for raising yellow-shank broilers according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the selection and remaining standard of the F1 generation green-shank hens is 300 days old, the weight is 2.03-2.25kg, and the egg yield is 73-75.
3. The method for raising yellow-shank broilers as set forth in claim 1, wherein in steps (1) and (2), said F2 represents a green-shank hen and a green-shank cock; the selection and retention standard of the F2 generation green shank hen is 300 days old, the weight is 2.08-2.29kg, and the egg yield is 74-80; the selection and remaining standard of the F2 generation green shank cock is 300 days old and the weight is 2.48-2.74kg.
4. The method for raising yellow-shank broilers of claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the first generation core group of 4 or more generations is continuously bred in a successive transfer mode according to a family selection method, and 60 families are established according to 300-day-old weight and egg yield of F2 generation individuals from high to low.
5. The method for raising yellow-shank broilers according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the continuous relay breeding is performed for 4 or more generations according to the 1 st generation core group selection criteria and family number.
6. The method for raising yellow-shank broilers of claim 1, wherein in steps (1) and (2), each generation is cleaned for leukemia and white diarrhea according to epidemic disease evolution standards.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the fast-feather pure line of the green-shank spotted-brown chickens and the slow-feather pure line of the green-shank spotted-brown chickens are bred with Weining chickens as breeding materials.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the yellow-feather broiler fast-feather clone and the yellow-feather broiler slow-feather clone are bred with Guizhou yellow chickens with light-colored shins as breeding materials.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the commercial green-shank yellow-feather broilers are 100 days old, and the average out-of-stock weight is 1.43-1.92kg.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the self-identification of male and female means that the female is identified within 24 hours of the young chicken, the female is characterized by a fast feather, i.e., a main wing is longer than a main wing by 5mm or more, and the male is characterized by a slow feather, i.e., the main wing is not longer than the main wing, or shorter than the main wing.
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| CN111406709A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-14 | 广东天农食品有限公司 | Method for breeding self-sex male and female strains of early-maturing type partridge chickens |
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