CN113575514A - Two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeding hens - Google Patents
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 35
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000561734 Celosia cristata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000288049 Perdix perdix Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/15—Animals comprising multiple alterations of the genome, by transgenesis or homologous recombination, e.g. obtained by cross-breeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/02—Animal zootechnically ameliorated
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Abstract
The breeding program of high-quality chickens is complex, the selection characters are multiple, and the traditional generational breeding method has the problems of low breeding chicken selection accuracy, insufficient breeding utilization of breeding chickens and the like. The invention provides a two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeding hens, which comprises the following specific steps: on the basis of a traditional locked group successive transfer breeding method, A-round selection is organized firstly, descendant identification is carried out on core group breeding hens according to descendant performance determination results obtained by the A-round selection, breeding hens are selected according to the A-round selection, after B-round descendant performance determination is completed, comprehensive genetic evaluation is carried out on the descendants generated by the two-round selection, and two rounds of selection and retention individuals are combined to establish a new generation group. The method reasonably utilizes the characteristics of short breeding and performance measurement time of high-quality chickens, organizes two times of selective breeding in one generation breeding period, adds descendant measurement information of the generation breeders, increases the opportunity of gene recombination, obviously improves the accuracy and the utilization efficiency of the breeding breeders, and has high breeding efficiency and high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeders.
Background
The breeding requirement of the high-quality chicken is not only to have the body appearance and the meat flavor of local chicken, but also to have good variety production performance, so that the breeding of the high-quality chicken has more characters and relatively complex breeding procedure. At present, the breeding of high-quality chickens is mainly based on a traditional group successive transfer breeding method, the method has the advantages of convenience in tissue breeding, good selection effect on a small amount of high heritability characters, obvious reduction of the breeding effect along with the increase of the selected characters, difficulty in considering production performance, meat quality and body shape in the breeding practice of the high-quality chickens, low breeding efficiency of the high-quality chickens, and large difference between the production performance and the breeding level of the high-quality chickens and the whole white feather broilers.
The breeding of high-quality chickens generally comprises the steps of highlighting certain character characteristics to carry out directional selection on the basis of original germplasm resources, and quickly breeding new strains; the hybridization between the varieties can lead the genes of the two variety gene banks to be recombined, various types of individuals can appear in filial generation, and the ideal individuals are selected to form a new group for breeding, so that a new strain or variety can be bred. In the breeding process, the breeding materials are often screened according to the information of body shape, pedigree, production performance measurement and the like, and individuals which meet the breeding target are selected and reserved for matching, and new generations are bred in a group subculture manner. Because the breeding and performance measuring period of the high-quality chicken is short, the period from the establishment of a family, insemination, egg collection to hatching is generally 6-8 weeks, the period from hatching to the completion of performance measurement is generally 9 weeks (rapid type) to 14 weeks (high-quality type), and the generation breeding period is not more than one year. The traditional group subculture breeding method has the advantages of rapid generation turnover, clear generation intervals, non-overlapping generations, low requirements on breeding groups and simple and easy method; however, the method also has the defects of short utilization period of breeding hens, high cost, small group locking, large seed reservation in each generation, limited selection strength and the like, and particularly has the defects of high productivity, meat quality, body appearance, earliness, uniformity and other properties which need to be selected in high-quality chicken breeding, difficulty in considering both the properties, low selection strength and selection accuracy of single property and low overall breeding efficiency.
How to reasonably design a breeding system, improve the selection efficiency of breeding hens, fully utilize the genetic potential of the breeding hens and accelerate the breeding progress is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in high-quality chicken breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeding hens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting excellent cock and hen individuals meeting the breeding target to establish an F0 generation basic group, and establishing 60-100 families, wherein each family is prepared according to a cock and hen ratio of 1: 8-10; hatching, and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F1 generation;
(2) carrying out growth performance index measurement and body shape and appearance feature recording on the F1 generation, and selecting and reserving excellent cock and hen individuals which meet the breeding target by combining the measurement result; the families of individuals who do not accord with the strain characteristics are completely eliminated;
(3) when 25 weeks of F1 chicken generations, 90-150 families are established, each family is matched according to the male-female ratio of 1: 7-9, and the breeding scheme avoiding the half-sib-siblings of the whole siblings is adopted for breeding; hatching and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F2A generation;
(4) measuring growth performance indexes and recording body shape and appearance of the F2A generation; selecting and reserving excellent cock and hen individuals which meet breeding targets by combining hatching records and measuring results; the families of individuals who do not accord with the strain characteristics are completely eliminated;
(5) selecting and reserving the individuals of the F1 generation again by combining the selection and reservation result of the F2A generation, selecting and reserving parents of the individuals of the F2A generation for reservation for recombination, establishing 30-50 families, combining each family according to the proportion of male and female members of 1: 12-15, and adopting a hybridization scheme avoiding the half-sib-class of the whole sibling; hatching and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F2B generation;
(6) repeating the step (4) to select and retain F2B generation individuals, performing comprehensive genetic evaluation by combining all measured results of A, B batches of individuals, and taking the finally selected and retained F2A generation individuals and F2B generation individuals as F2 generation backup breeding hens;
(7) and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) to carry out new generation breeding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, on the basis of the original locked population subculture breeding, A, B rounds of seed selection and matching are carried out on one generation, B rounds of selection and remaining selection and matching are carried out on breeding hens of the generation according to the offspring determination selection and remaining result obtained by A rounds of selection and matching, the A rounds of selection and remaining individuals are selected and left according to the B rounds of selection and remaining result, and finally, the individuals obtained by two rounds of selection and remaining form a new generation population; the descendant determination information of the generation breeders is added in the B-round selection, so that the selection is more accurate; the selection and matching are carried out twice in one generation, so that the probability of excellent individuals for breeding offspring is increased, the probability of gene recombination is increased, and more excellent individuals can appear; the chance of harmful gene recombination is greatly increased, and the harmful gene can be basically eliminated by the breeding of the generation; one generation is selected and reserved twice, so that the utilization efficiency of breeding hens is greatly improved, a large amount of manpower and financial resources are saved, and the breeding cost is reduced; the invention is preferably suitable for variety optimization and purification, hybridization improvement and pure line construction, and is particularly suitable for breeding of body shape and appearance characteristics, early growth traits and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to show technical solutions, purposes and advantages of the present invention more concisely and clearly, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeding hens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) on the basis of Langya chicken groups collected in Langya chicken breeding farms in Shandong province, selecting individuals according with Langya chicken variety characteristics to establish 80 families, wherein each family is prepared according to a male-female ratio of 1: 8; hatching and eliminating 12 families and weak and disabled individuals which do not accord with the variety characteristics of the chicken as F1 generation;
individuals selected to meet the characteristics of Langya chicken breeds should contain the following characteristics: the cockscomb is large, the feather is reddish brown, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are golden yellow and rich in luster, and the main wing feather and the sickle feather are black and green and glossy; the feathers of the hen are yellow brown or brown numb feathers, the neck feathers are provided with light yellow bands, the main wing-covering feathers and the tail feathers are black, the front chest feathers are light yellow, the back feathers are darker, and the feathers have brown spots; chicks: the hair is yellow, the head is provided with an inverted V-shaped pattern, and the back is provided with two black or brown hair feather belts.
(2) Measuring the weight of the chickens of the F1 generation for 9 weeks, recording the body and appearance characteristics, and selecting and reserving individuals which accord with strain characteristics, have the weight of a cock of the 9-week age of 750-960 g and have the weight of a hen of 590-750 g according to the measurement results; all 10 families with individuals not conforming to the strain characteristics are eliminated;
body type appearance feature records include feather color: jute feather and black jute feather; shin color: cyan, bluish white, willow, yellow.
(3) When 25 weeks of F1 generation chickens, 100 families are established, each family is matched according to the proportion of male and female members of 1:8, and the breeding scheme avoiding full and half siblings is adopted for breeding; hatching and eliminating 21 families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety of the chicken as F2A generation;
(4) measuring the weight of the F2A generation chicken at 9 weeks, and recording the body shape and appearance; selecting and reserving individual seeds which accord with strain characteristics, the weight of the cock at the age of 9 weeks is 760 g-950 g, and the weight of the hen is 600 g-740 g according to hatching records and the measurement result at the age of 9 weeks; 25 families with individuals not conforming to the strain characteristics are eliminated;
(5) selecting and reserving the F1 generation individuals again by combining the F2A generation selection and reservation results, selecting and reserving F2A generation reservation individuals, reassembling parents, building 40 families, assembling each family according to the proportion of 1:15 of male and female, and adopting a hybridization scheme avoiding full and half siblings; hatching and eliminating 2 families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety of the chicken as F2B generation;
(6) and (5) repeating the step (4) to select and retain the individuals of the F2B generation, and selecting and retaining the individuals which meet the strain characteristics, have the weight of 760 g-950 g for the cock at the age of 9 weeks and have the weight of 600 g-740 g for the hen. Meanwhile, correcting the F2A generation selection and retention result by combining the F2B generation selection and retention result, and taking the F2A generation final selection and retention individual and the F2B generation selection and retention individual as F2 generations;
(7) and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) to carry out new generation breeding to obtain a new Langya chicken population which accords with the Langya chicken variety characteristics, wherein the weight of a 9-week-old cock is between 800 and 920g, the weight of a hen is between 650 and 740g, and the weight variation coefficients are all within 10 percent.
The performance of the new Langya chicken group obtained as described above was compared with that of the original Langya chicken, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 example 1 Langya chicken and original Langya chicken comparison results
Example 2
The embodiment provides a two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeding hens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) based on the crossbreed of the parent cock and Langya chicken hen of the Dongyi No. 1 partridge mating line, selecting individuals meeting the characteristics of breeding target lines to establish groups, and establishing 65 families, wherein each family is prepared according to the proportion of male to female in a ratio of 1: 10; hatching and hatching, and eliminating 8 families and weak-disabled individuals which do not accord with the characteristics of the breeding target strain during hatching as F1 generation;
individuals who meet the characteristics of breeding target lines: the cockscomb is large, the feather is reddish brown, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are golden yellow and rich in luster, and the main wing feather and the sickle feather are black and green and glossy; the feathers of the hen are yellow-brown and numb feathers, the main winged feathers are covered, the tail feathers are black, the front chest feathers are light yellow, and the back feathers are darker; chicks: the hair is yellow, the head is provided with an inverted V-shaped pattern, and the back is provided with two black or brown hair feather belts.
(2) Measuring the weight of the chickens of the F1 generation for 6 weeks, recording the body and appearance characteristics, and selecting and reserving individuals according with strain characteristics, with the weight of the cocks of the 6 weeks between 620g and 830g and the weight of the hens between 520g and 680g according to the measurement results; 5 families with individuals not meeting the characteristics of the breeding target line are eliminated;
body type appearance feature records include feather color: jute feather and black jute feather; shin color: cyan, bluish white, willow, yellow.
(3) When 25 weeks of F1 generation chickens, 130 families are established, each family is matched according to the proportion of male and female members of 1:8, and the breeding scheme avoiding full and half siblings is adopted for breeding; hatching and eliminating 40 families and weak and disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F2A generation;
(4) measuring the weight of the F2A generation chicken at 9 weeks, and recording the body shape and appearance; selecting and reserving individual seeds which accord with strain characteristics, have the weight of a cock of 6 weeks old between 640g and 820g and have the weight of a hen of 540g to 660g according to hatching records and the measurement result of 9 weeks old; all 52 families with individuals not meeting the strain characteristics are eliminated;
(5) selecting and reserving the F1 generation individuals again by combining the F2A generation selection and reservation results, selecting and reserving F2A generation reservation individuals, reassembling parents, building 36 families, assembling each family according to the proportion of 1:15 of male and female, and adopting a hybridization scheme avoiding full and half siblings; hatching and eliminating 7 families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F2B generation;
(6) and (4) repeating the step (4) to select and retain individuals of A2 generation, and selecting and retaining individuals of which the weights are 640 g-820 g for the cocks and 540 g-660 g for the hens at 6 weeks and meet the strain characteristics. Selecting and reserving individuals in A1 generation and A2 generation as F2 generation;
(7) and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) to carry out new generation breeding to obtain a pure line which meets the characteristics of the breeding target line, the weight of the 6-week-old cock is 700-800 g, the weight of the hen is 570-660 g, and the weight variation coefficient is within 10%.
Table 2 Langya chickens compared with the new line chickens of example 2
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A two-round compound generation breeding method for high-quality chicken breeders is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting excellent cock and hen individuals meeting the breeding target to establish an F0 generation basic group, and establishing a plurality of families, wherein each family is combined according to a certain proportion of male and female; hatching, and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety as F1 generation;
(2) carrying out growth performance index determination and body shape and appearance characteristic recording on the F1 generation, selecting individuals which meet strain breeding targets and have high breeding values to reserve seeds by combining determination results, and completely eliminating families of individuals with genetic defects;
(3) constructing a plurality of families when the F1 generation chickens are 25 weeks, combining each family according to a certain male-female proportion, adopting a hybridization scheme avoiding full siblings and half siblings, hatching and hatching, and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the variety when hatching to serve as the F2A generation;
(4) measuring growth performance indexes and recording body shape and appearance of the F2A generation; selecting individuals which meet the strain breeding target and have high breeding value to reserve seeds by combining the hatching record and the determination result; the families of individuals who do not accord with the strain characteristics are completely eliminated;
(5) selecting and reserving the F1 generation individuals again by combining the selection and reservation results of the F2A generation, and selecting and reserving the parents of the F2A generation reserved individuals for reconstitution; hatching and eliminating families and weak disabled individuals which do not accord with the appearance characteristics of the strain during hatching as F2B generation;
(6) repeating the step (4) to select and retain the individuals of the F2B generation, combining the selection and retention results of the individuals of the F2B generation to select and retain the individuals of the F2A generation again, and taking the final selected and retained individuals of the F2A generation and the individuals of the F2B generation as the F2 generation;
(7) and (5) repeating the steps (3) to (6) to carry out new generation breeding to obtain the required high-quality chicken variety.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein 90-150 families are established in the A round, and 30-50 families are established in the B round.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the male and female in the A round is 1: 7-10, and the ratio of the male and female in the B round is 1: 12-15.
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