CN1327763C - Method of establishing bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety - Google Patents
Method of establishing bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN1327763C CN1327763C CNB031111106A CN03111110A CN1327763C CN 1327763 C CN1327763 C CN 1327763C CN B031111106 A CNB031111106 A CN B031111106A CN 03111110 A CN03111110 A CN 03111110A CN 1327763 C CN1327763 C CN 1327763C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of establishing a bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety, which comprises the steps: 1) parent prawns with strong activity, normal physical character and weight 15 to 20 % larger than the average weight are selected from parent prawns and used as standby parent prawns, and the selection intensity is 10 to 20%; female prawns are respectively bred in a spawning pond after copulation, and the parent prawns with great fecundity and high hatching rate are used as a standby prawn pedigree to be bred from oviposition to feeding; the offsprings of each prawn are respectively fed to establish a prawn pedigree, the prawns are continuously selected during breeding, and the residual prawn pedigrees are used as the basic prawn pedigrees for breed selection of the next generation; 2) the growth critical period of the prawns comprises a nauplius period, a commercial prawn period and a prematuration period which are critical periods for the pedigree breed selection to carry out optimal selection. The present invention has the advantage that the method can select and breed new prawn variety with high quality, high and stable yield, stress tolerance and fast growth which is suitable for the breeding environment of China; simultaneously, the genetic characteristic and the variety differentiation of the prawns can be researched through the mating of male prawns and female prawns of the same pedigree and different pedigrees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seed selection of cultured prawn improved seeds, is a kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of cultured prawn family specifically
Background technology
Deterioration of variety is to influence one of key issue of prawn culturing sustainable and stable development, can alleviate disease and the environmental deterioration influence to prawn culturing equally by the prawn new varieties that select disease-resistant or strong stress resistance.The work of China's prawn seed selection at present only is in the starting stage, the seed selection of external prawn is an index with biological propertyes such as specific pathogen free or the sick and quick growths of anti-specific pathogen mainly, selecting the speed that adapts to local environment gives birth to or specific pathogen free prawn strain, and the strain region of selecting is strong, and it is fast especially generally can not to adapt to other regional breeding environment or deterioration of variety.
Family's seed selection has been brought into play important in the fine-variety breeding of fowl poultry kind as the important means of animal varieties improvement, and has produced huge economic benefit and social benefit.The breed improvement of aquiculture animal is because its breed characteristics and reproductive biology characteristic, and big difficulty is arranged, and the breed improvement of its Mesichthyes progress is best, has obtained very big achievement.The seed selection work of prawn is also constantly carried out over nearly 20 years, and priority selects the super blue prawn of strong stress resistance, specific pathogen free (SPF) and anti-specific pathogen (SPR) be all receives prawn (Penaeus Vannmei), these kinds can not adapt to the breeding environment and the cultivating condition of China fully, and also do not design the patent report of perfect prawn family selective breeding both at home and abroad.It is complete that the present invention has designed a cover according to the reproductive biology characteristics of prawn, and be technical method practical, outstanding effect prawn family selective breeding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of foundation and fine-variety breeding method of cultured prawn family of the suitable China breeding environment that optimizes high yield, stable yields, high-quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: 1) in close shrimp, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than the close shrimp of average weight 15～20%, as alternative close shrimp, selection intensity is 10～20%, the female shrimp of each post-coitum is cultured respectively in a spawning pond, beginning is selected the high individuality of the big incubation rate of egg laying amount again as candidate family from laying eggs, from laying eggs to growing seedlings, forming, the offspring of each bar prawn raises respectively, sets up family, constantly eliminate during the breed, the residue family is as the basic family of seed selection of future generation;
2) nauplius stage critical period of prawn growth, commercial sized prawn phase, the prematuration period three phases be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred.
The mating of male and female shrimp, principle by a male shrimp and three female shrimp mating, by artificial insemination with a selected male shrimp successively and 3 female shrimp mating, these 3 female shrimp institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female shrimp institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
Described nothing joint children's phase preferably is meant after every prawn lays eggs, statistics egg laying amount and incubation rate, at first in egg laying amount is the individuality of 25～300,000 ovum, choose incubation rate at the individuality more than 90% as the close shrimp that will set up family, the family preferably energetic after the young hatching, that phototaxis is good is as initial seed selection family, the nauplius of selected each bar parent shrimp is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support to salable young shrimp, the young shrimp of each family is transferred to respectively to be cultured in the pond;
The described commercial sized prawn phase preferably was meant in the commercial sized prawn phase, add up the survival rate of each family, the average weight of commercial sized prawn, body is long, body colour, biological property and commodity indexs such as the uniformity are eliminated slow and survival rate is low about 2/3 the family of growth rate, and the growth family fast, that survival rate is high that accounts for total family about 1/3 of only selecting and remain gives over to standby close shrimp;
Preferably be meant the prematuration period of described and from each family of being supported, select individuality greatly, the standby close shrimp that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, accelerating, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection, each family, the final offspring who only keeps 3～6 female shrimps, as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every shrimp of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish;
During the mating of parent shrimp, if set up self-fertilization family (sff), can make the offspring's of same shrimp male and female shrimp carry out mating, normal seed selection should be avoided the prawn mating between compatriot or family half sibs, the female shrimp or the exchange of male shrimp of different familys can be carried out mating.
The present invention has following advantage: by the foundation to the different familys of prawn, degeneration-resistant, the speed that select suitable China breeding environment of high-quality, high yield, stable yields are given birth to new lines; And inbreeding, the genetics characteristic of research prawn and kind differentiation situation by male and female shrimp in mating between the prawn family and the family.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) in 5000 pairs of close shrimp, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than 500 pairs of the close shrimps of average weight 15～20%, as alternative close shrimp, the female shrimp of each post-coitum is cultured respectively in a spawning pond, beginning is selected the high individuality of the big incubation rate of egg laying amount again as candidate family from laying eggs, from laying eggs to growing seedlings, form, the offspring of each bar prawn raises respectively, optimize 150 familys, may due to illness do harm to during the breed or some family of other reasons can eliminate fully, only the choosing growth is fast in the residue family, the survival rate height, comparatively uniform 50 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation.
2) utilize the prawn technology of artificial insemination, principle by a male shrimp and three female shrimp mating, by artificial insemination with a selected male shrimp successively and 3 female shrimp mating, these 3 female shrimp institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female shrimp institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carry out preferably in the critical period of prawn growth, mainly be nauplius stage, commercial sized prawn phase, the prematuration period three phases be the seed selection critical period, carry out preferably;
1. there is not joint children's phase: after every prawn lays eggs, statistics egg laying amount and incubation rate, the egg laying amount of a female shrimp is generally 20～300,000 ovums, the young that hatches generally can reach 15～250,000, to select egg laying amount be 25～300,000 ovum, incubation rate 90% or more, young hatching is afterwards energetic, phototaxis is good family is as initial seed selection family, the nauplius of selected each bar parent shrimp is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support to salable young shrimp, the young shrimp of each family is transferred to respectively to be cultured in the pond;
2. commercial sized prawn phase: this phase cultures survival rate and is generally 50～70%, the prawn of the commercial specification of each family has 5000～10000 approximately, at first add up the survival rate of each family, the average weight of commercial sized prawn, body is long, body colour, biology and commodity indexs such as the uniformity, to be higher than the standard of average weight 15～20%, optimize 500～1000 pairs of prawns, culture proximity maturation (2～3 phases of ovary);
3. the prematuration period: it is bigger to select average weight from 150 familys of being supported, body is longer, the body colour and the uniformity be 50 familys preferably, as the family that finally goes down to posterity, each family is preferred individual big, the standby close shrimp that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, accelerating, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection, other close shrimp can be used for producing or selling.
During the mating of parent shrimp, if set up the inbreeding family, can make the offspring's of same shrimp male and female shrimp carry out mating, normal seed selection should be avoided the prawn mating of same family, the female shrimp or the exchange of male shrimp of different familys can be carried out mating; The standard of family selective breeding comprises long, the color of the body weight, body of close shrimp, the egg laying amount of female shrimp, incubation rate, young vigor, and the uniformity of commercial sized prawn, average weight, body are long, disease-resistant, the degeneration-resistant ability of each family etc.; This technology is applicable to that fairly large seed multiplication farm or national breeding base carry out the breed improvement of prawn; Little shrimp seedling field can be united mutually, according to own strength and scale, determines to set up separately what of family, carries out the exchange of female shrimp or male shrimp then.
Embodiment 2
1) in 8000 pairs of close shrimp, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than 800 pairs of the close shrimps of average weight 15～20%, as alternative close shrimp (selection intensity is 10%), the female shrimp of each post-coitum is cultured respectively in a spawning pond, beginning is selected the high individuality of the big incubation rate of egg laying amount again as candidate family from laying eggs, from laying eggs to growing seedlings, form, the offspring of each bar prawn raises respectively, set up 150 familys, may due to illness do harm to during the breed or some family of other reasons can eliminate fully, only the choosing growth is fast in the residue family, the survival rate height, comparatively uniform 50 familys of size are as the basic family of seed selection of future generation.
2) utilize the prawn technology of artificial insemination, principle by a male shrimp and three female shrimp mating, by artificial insemination with a selected male shrimp successively and 3 female shrimp mating, these 3 female shrimp institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female shrimp institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3) carry out preferably in the critical period of prawn growth, mainly be do not have joint children's phase, commercial sized prawn phase, the prematuration period three phases be the seed selection critical period, carry out preferably;
1. there is not joint children's phase: after every prawn lays eggs, statistics egg laying amount and incubation rate, the egg laying amount of a female shrimp is generally 20～300,000 ovums, the young that hatches generally can reach 15～250,000, to select egg laying amount be 25～300,000 ovum, incubation rate 90% or more, young hatching is afterwards energetic, phototaxis is good family is as initial seed selection family, the nauplius of selected each bar parent shrimp is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support to salable young shrimp, the young shrimp of each family is transferred to respectively to be cultured in the pond;
2. commercial sized prawn phase: this phase cultures survival rate and is generally 50～70%, the prawn of the commercial specification of each family has 5000～10000 approximately, at first add up the survival rate of each family, the average weight of commercial sized prawn, body is long, body colour, biology and commodity indexs such as the uniformity, to be higher than the standard of average weight 15～20%, optimize 500～1000 pairs of prawns, culture proximity maturation (2～3 phases of ovary);
3. the prematuration period: it is bigger to select average weight from 150 familys of being supported, body is longer, the body colour and the uniformity be 50 familys preferably, as the family that finally goes down to posterity, each family is preferred individual big, the standby close shrimp that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, accelerating, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection, other close shrimp can be used for producing or selling.
The population scale that wherein is used for seed selection, what of promptly used close shrimp quantity can be according to culturing and the scale of nursery is done suitably adjustment.
Claims (3)
1. the foundation of cultured prawn family and fine-variety breeding method is characterized in that:
1) in close shrimp, optimize energetic, physical trait is normal, body weight is greater than the close shrimp of average weight 15～20%, as alternative close shrimp, selection intensity is 10～20%, the female shrimp of each post-coitum is cultured respectively in a spawning pond, beginning is selected the high individuality of the big incubation rate of egg laying amount again as candidate family from laying eggs, from laying eggs to growing seedlings, form, the offspring of each bar prawn raises respectively, set up family, constantly eliminate during the breed and grow in the family slowly, the individuality of resistance difference and growth are slow, the family of resistance difference, the family that optimizes is as the basic family of seed selection of future generation;
2) nauplius stage critical period of prawn growth, commercial sized prawn phase, the prematuration period three phases be the family selective breeding critical period, carry out preferred;
Described nauplius stage, preferably be meant after every prawn lays eggs, statistics egg laying amount and incubation rate, at first in egg laying amount is the individuality of 25～300,000 ovum, choose incubation rate at the individuality more than 90% as the close shrimp that will set up family, the family preferably energetic after the young hatching, that phototaxis is good is as initial seed selection, the nauplius of selected each bar parent shrimp is cultured separately in a nursery pond, support to salable young shrimp, the young shrimp of each family is transferred to respectively to be cultured in the pond;
The described commercial sized prawn phase preferably was meant in the commercial sized prawn phase, add up the survival rate of each family, the average weight of commercial sized prawn, body is long, body colour, uniformity biology and commodity index are eliminated about 2/3 low family of growth rate and survival rate, and the growth family fast, that survival rate is high that accounts for total family about 1/3 of only selecting and remain gives over to standby close shrimp;
Preferably be meant the prematuration period of described and from each family of being supported, select individuality greatly, the standby close shrimp that family is set up in 50～100 pairs of conducts of energetic individuality, accelerating, grow seedlings, proceed seed selection, each family finally only keeps the offspring of 3～6 female shrimps, and as the family seed of going down to posterity, the offspring of every shrimp of the family that goes down to posterity raises separately from start to finish.
2. according to the foundation and the fine-variety breeding method of the described cultured prawn family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: by the principle of a male shrimp and three female shrimp mating, by artificial insemination successively and 3 female shrimp mating with a selected male shrimp, these 3 female shrimp institute postpartum is on behalf of with the different female family half sibs of father, every female shrimp institute postpartum on behalf of with the father with female family full-sibs.
3. according to the foundation and the fine-variety breeding method of the described cultured prawn family of claim 1, it is characterized in that: during close shrimp mating, set up self-fertilization family (sff), can make the offspring's of same shrimp male and female shrimp carry out mating, normal seed selection should be avoided the prawn mating between compatriot or family half sibs, the female shrimp or the exchange of male shrimp of different familys can be carried out mating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031111106A CN1327763C (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2003-03-05 | Method of establishing bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB031111106A CN1327763C (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2003-03-05 | Method of establishing bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety |
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| CN1526281A CN1526281A (en) | 2004-09-08 |
| CN1327763C true CN1327763C (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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| CNB031111106A Expired - Fee Related CN1327763C (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2003-03-05 | Method of establishing bred prawn pedigree and selectively breeding improved prawn variety |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100341404C (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-10-10 | 海阳市黄海水产有限公司 | Method for artificial copulating prawn by sperm transplantation |
| CN103766249B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-08-19 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of mixed feed feeding method of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii seed rearing |
| CN103210863B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Establishing method of procambarus clarkia family |
| CN103262817B (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2015-09-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | The efficient construction method of a kind of Chinese prawn family half sibs |
| CN103548726B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-07-22 | 上海海洋大学 | Establishment and stock breeding method for sinonovacula constricta families |
| CN103749367B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2016-01-27 | 广东海兴农集团有限公司 | A kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding |
| CN104686430B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2018-02-16 | 广东海威水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn |
| CN105028262B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-06-06 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei family half sibs construction method |
| CN105248383A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-20 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Sipunculus nudus family establishing and excellent variety breeding method |
| CN105660492B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-12-04 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method that Macrobrachium nipponensis aquarium family is established and seed standardization is cultivated |
| CN110100776A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-09 | 茂名市金阳热带海珍养殖有限公司 | A kind of selection of low temperature resistant resistance to less salt prawn kind |
| CN110178770A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-30 | 厦门大学 | A kind of Babylonia family is established and fine-variety breeding method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1114132A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1996-01-03 | 河北大学 | Feminizing induction technique for Chinese prawn |
| WO2000044768A2 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | University Of Hawaii | Methods of isolating the androgenic sex hormone from crustacean prawn and marine shrimp and methods of use |
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2003
- 2003-03-05 CN CNB031111106A patent/CN1327763C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1114132A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1996-01-03 | 河北大学 | Feminizing induction technique for Chinese prawn |
| WO2000044768A2 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | University Of Hawaii | Methods of isolating the androgenic sex hormone from crustacean prawn and marine shrimp and methods of use |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 论述我国立体养虾技术与方法 谢忠明，现代渔业信息，第7卷第10期 1992 * |
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