CN104686430B - A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn - Google Patents
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, belong to the degeneration-resistant character breeding technique field of prawn；This method is：（1）The foundation of basic population；（2）Build F1 generation family；（3）Cultivated with pond；（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test；（5）F2 is built for family；（6）Systematic Breeding, complete/family half sibs is built by directional cross from the close shrimp of separate sources, common environmental cultivates, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, result progress parent is estimated according to anti-low dissolved oxygen test result and growth and selected and remain, by the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the family that growth performance is excellent, resistance to low dissolved oxygen performance is strong, select affiliation family farther out, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female prawn of gonad development as parent, breed offspring as improved seeds；Low dissolved oxygen occurs in this method when effectively solving prawn high-density breeding influence prawn growth, cause the dead problem of prawn, greatly promotes the development of prawn high-density breeding industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prawn selection, and in particular to a kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, belongs to
The degeneration-resistant character breeding technique field of prawn.
Background technology
Prawn belongs to Arthropoda, Branchiata, Crustachia, Malacostraca, Decapoda, swimming suborder, Penaeidae, right
Shrimp category.Prawn can divide sedentariae（Such as japonicus, furrowed prawn, European prawn）With migration type（As Chinese prawn, Mo Ji pairs
Shrimp, penaeus penicillatus）, preceding one kind is dwelt often to slip into husky bottom in littoral shallow sea, daytime, does not make large-scale movement；Latter class dwell in
The littoral muddy marine site in river mouth, often makees large-scale movement and migration.Prawn is mainly using benthonic invertebrates as food, such as crinosity
Class, small-sized shell-fish and bivalve etc., also catch zooplankter sometimes.
Prawn has high nutritive value, is the delicious food being loved by people.Shrimp has tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, and promoting lactation resists
Poison, blood-nourishing controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, dissolving blood stasis and detoxication, QI invigorating are grown sun, removed obstruction in channels to relieve pain, resolving sputum and other effects of whetting the appetite, and are suitable for impotence due to deficiency of the kidney, seminal emission early
Let out, the patients such as alactation, arthralgia and myalgia, tetany, whole body itch, skin ulcer, in poor health and neurasthenia.
Modern medicine study confirms that the nutritive value of shrimp is high, can strengthen the immunity and sexual function of human body, tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, premature senescence resistance；
Dried small shrimp has sedation, is commonly used to treat neurasthenia, all diseases of vegetative nerve functional disturbance；Contain three kinds of important fat in shrimp
Acid, it can make one to keep energy to concentrate for a long time；Contain substantial amounts of vitamin B12 in shrimp, while be rich in zinc, iodine and selenium, heat and fat
Fat is relatively low, nutritious, and its meat is soft, easy to digest, is fabulous food to people that is in poor health and needing to raise after being ill
Thing；The abundant magnesium contained in shrimp has important adjustment effect to cardiomotility, can protect cardiovascular system well, reduces
Blood cholesterol level, prevents artery sclerosis, at the same can also coronary artery dilator, be advantageous to preventing hypertension and cardiac muscle stalk
Extremely；Astaxanthin in shrimp body contribute to eliminate because of jet lag and caused by " jet lag ", have benifit to the healthy pole of the mankind.
China is prawn production state maximum in the world, and in the world to the Main Trade state of shrimp products, in recent years
Come, due to the restriction of soil and water resource, intensive highly dense aquaculture model turns into the main aquaculture model of prawn.Using Delphi
Method research finds that dissolved oxygen is the most important water quality factor (horse is true, 2010) for influenceing prawn culturing, due to biology and chemical factors
Comprehensive function, high-density breeding shrimp ponds often occur dissolved oxygen deficiency phenomenon, in low dissolved oxygen water body, prawn is to temperature, salt
The tolerances such as degree, ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide are reduced, and virus, bacterial immune power are declined, and husking reduces growth and slowed down, and the death rate increases.
The resistance to low dissolved oxygen character of prawn, which turns into, influences its growth, the important character of survival, but the prawn kind of domestic seed selection：Chinese prawn
" Huanghai No.1 ", " Huanghai Sea 2 ", Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low " in emerging No. 1 ", " middle section 1 ", " section sea 1 ", " osmanthus sea 1 ", it is main also
It is to grow with disease resistance trait as selective goal.
It is resistance to low it has been reported that improving its growth, survival performance by the selection of degeneration-resistant character in plant and other animals
Dissolved oxygen character has important seed selection value as a kind of degeneration-resistant character.Therefore, a kind of seed selection side of resistance to low dissolved oxygen prawn is invented
Method, cultivate the prawn new varieties of resistance to low dissolved oxygen, effectively solve to occur during prawn high-density breeding low dissolved oxygen influence prawn growth,
Cause the dead problem of prawn, by the great development for promoting prawn high-density breeding industry.
Breeding is the important foundation of culture fishery sustainable development, and the research on prawn fine-variety breeding never stops
Only, Chinese invention " a kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding ", application number 201410039044.5 provide a kind of high yield,
Degeneration-resistant suitable high salinity and the selection of the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding of low salinity stocking environment；A kind of Chinese invention " Japan
Capsule prawn family is built and selection ", application number 201110278874.X provides a kind of Marsupenaeus japonicus cousin-german younger sister family
System's structure and the method for seed selection, still, have not been reported for the low research of low dissolved oxygen environment prawn culturing survival rate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of family selective breeding method of the resistance to low dissolved oxygen kind of prawn, to solve high-density breeding
During, the problem of prawn is slow-growing caused by water hypoxia, and breeding survival rate is low.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, comprises the following steps：
（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources
Emerging No. 1, middle section 1 in company Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection
Number, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus as colony, 15 mating combinations are established by mass mating and are used as seed selection basic population；
（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp 45
~ 65g, male 35 ~ 55g of shrimp individual, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, honey stomach, anti-to environmental stimuli
Should be sensitive, reserved seed for planting as close shrimp, by way of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, establish family full-sibs 60 ~ 100
It is individual, paternal half-sib family 30 ~ 50, it is F1 generation family；
（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage
In, every net cage screen cloth of 8 ~ 12d cleaning replacements, whole net cages are placed in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and carry out common ring
Border cultivates；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：Each F1 generation prawn cultivated 2 months in common environmental and during May, respectively from each family with
Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set
Ring marks, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is mended
30 tails are charged to, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and opened by prawn
Beginning timing, water body dissolved oxygen is set to maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Scope）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen feelings per 1h
Condition, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out anti-low molten
The trait related SNP locus of gene analysis of oxygen；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low molten
Oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value, as a result show：The genetic force of body weight
For 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight and resistance to low dissolved oxygen
Between genetic correlation be 0.22 ± 0.09, equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05), weighted using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
50%, which adds the low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% of 5 monthly ages to calculate, must select index, and 20 high familys of screening families selecting index are made
For family of reserving seed for planting；
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from 20 familys of reserving seed for planting, the normal female shrimp of energetic, gonad development
20 tails, the male tail of shrimp 10 build full sibs below 0.1 as parent, the control coefficient of inbreeding by directional cross（Half sibs）Family,
F2 is built for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
The present invention is different from multiple genetic backgrounds, colony based on the excellent prawn colony of growth performance, ensure that
Abundant genetic diversity；Parent's genetic background is clear, is mated by setting the coefficient of inbreeding, effectively avoids occurring in Breeding Process
Inbreeding phenomenon；Using artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1 mode establishes complete, family half sibs, can be to resistance to low dissolved oxygen character
Calculated with the genetic parameter of other characters, preferably formulate selection scheme；Cultivated 2 months in common environmental and May is carried out, filled
Divide and consider influence of the common environmental benefit size to the low dissolved oxygen tolerance of prawn.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Using a kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn of the present invention, can shorten
Resistance to low dissolved oxygen prawn family is formed the cycle, reduces maintenance cost, and convenient management, and can solve high-density breeding mistake
Cheng Zhong, the problem of prawn caused by water hypoxia is slow-growing, and breeding survival rate is low.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by example, these examples are only used for illustrating the present invention, and unlimited
The scope of the present invention processed.
The present invention is carried out in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province Hai Wei Aquaculture Corporations：
Embodiment 1
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, comprises the following steps：
（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources
Emerging No. 1, middle section 1 in company Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection
Number, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus as colony, 15 mating combinations are established by mass mating and are used as seed selection basic population；
（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp
45g, male shrimp 35g individual, the female tail of shrimp 300, the male tail of shrimp 100, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, appetite is prosperous
Contain, be sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction, being reserved seed for planting as close shrimp, by way of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, establish
Family full-sibs 60, paternal half-sib family 30, it is F1 generation family；
（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage
In, per 8d net cage screen cloth of cleaning replacement, whole net cages are placed in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and carry out common environmental
Cultivation；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：Each F1 generation prawn cultivated 2 months in common environmental and during May, respectively from each family with
Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set
Ring marks, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is mended
30 tails are charged to, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and opened by prawn
Beginning timing, water body dissolved oxygen is set to maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Scope）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen feelings per 1h
Condition, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out anti-low molten
The trait related SNP locus of gene analysis of oxygen；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low molten
Oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value.As a result show：The genetic force of body weight
For 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight and resistance to low dissolved oxygen
Between genetic correlation be 0.22 ± 0.09, equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05).Weighted using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
50%, which adds the low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% of 5 monthly ages to calculate, must select index, and the high family of screening families selecting index, which is used as, to be stayed
Kind family.
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from 20 familys of reserving seed for planting, the normal female shrimp of energetic, gonad development
20 tails, the male tail of shrimp 10 is as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
Embodiment 2
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, comprises the following steps：
（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources
Emerging No. 1, middle section 1 in company Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection
Number, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus be used as colony, using AFLP technology to separate sources parent shrimp progress analysis of genetic diversity, pass through group
Body mating establishes 15 mating combinations as seed selection basic population；
（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp
65g, male shrimp 55g individual, the female tail of shrimp 400, the male tail of shrimp 200, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, appetite is prosperous
Contain, be sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction, being reserved seed for planting as close shrimp, by way of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, establish
Family full-sibs 100, paternal half-sib family 50, it is F1 generation family；
（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage
In, per 12d net cage screen cloth of cleaning replacement, whole net cages are placed in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and carry out common environmental
Cultivation；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：Each F1 generation prawn cultivated 2 months in common environmental and during May, respectively from each family with
Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set
Ring marks, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is mended
30 tails are charged to, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and opened by prawn
Beginning timing, water body dissolved oxygen is set to maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Scope）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen feelings per 1h
Condition, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out anti-low molten
The trait related SNP locus of gene analysis of oxygen；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low molten
Oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value.As a result show：The genetic force of body weight
For 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight and resistance to low dissolved oxygen
Between genetic correlation be 0.22 ± 0.09, equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05).Weighted using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
50% plus 5 monthly ages low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% calculate and must select index, the high conduct of screening families selecting index is reserved seed for planting family
System.
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from family of reserving seed for planting, the normal female tail of shrimp 20 of energetic, gonad development,
The male tail of shrimp 10 is as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of 3 prawn of embodiment, comprises the following steps：（1）The foundation of basic population：
Collect and ground from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources company Konna Bay, Hawaii ocean
Study carefully in institute OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection emerging No. 1, middle section 1, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus as colony, pass through
Mass mating establishes 15 mating combinations as seed selection basic population；（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations
In, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp 55g, male shrimp 45g individual, the female tail of shrimp 400, the male tail of shrimp 150, male and female shrimp
Gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, honey stomach, sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction, is reserved seed for planting, passed through as close shrimp
The mode of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, family full-sibs 80 is established, paternal half-sib family 40, is F1 generation man
System；（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage, often
Net cage screen cloth of 10d cleaning replacements, whole net cages are placed in progress common environmental cultivation in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：When each F1 generation prawn cultivates 2 months with May in common environmental, 30 are randomly selected from each family respectively
Tail prawn measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere are long, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk collar mark,
The prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is supplemented to 30
Tail, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and starts to count by prawn
When, water body dissolved oxygen is maintained 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration model that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Enclose）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen situation per 1h,
The detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out resisting low dissolved oxygen
Trait related SNP locus of gene analysis；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low
Dissolved oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value.As a result show：The heredity of body weight
Power is 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight with it is resistance to low molten
Genetic correlation is 0.22 ± 0.09 between oxygen, and equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05).Added using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
Power 50% plus the low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% of 5 monthly ages, which are calculated, must select index, 20 higher families of screening families selecting index
System is as family of reserving seed for planting.
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from family of reserving seed for planting, the normal female shrimp 20 of energetic, gonad development
Tail, the male tail of shrimp 10 is as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
Embodiment 4
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, comprises the following steps：
（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources
Emerging No. 1, middle section 1 in company Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection
Number, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus be used as colony, using AFLP technology to separate sources parent shrimp progress analysis of genetic diversity, pass through group
Body mating establishes 15 mating combinations as seed selection basic population；
（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp
50g, male shrimp 40g individual, the female tail of shrimp 350, the male tail of shrimp 150, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, appetite is prosperous
Contain, be sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction, being reserved seed for planting as close shrimp, by way of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, establish
Family full-sibs 70, paternal half-sib family 35, it is F1 generation family；
（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage
In, per 9d net cage screen cloth of cleaning replacement, whole net cages are placed in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and carry out common environmental
Cultivation；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：Each F1 generation prawn cultivated 2 months in common environmental and during May, respectively from each family with
Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set
Ring marks, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is mended
30 tails are charged to, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and opened by prawn
Beginning timing, water body dissolved oxygen is set to maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Scope）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen feelings per 1h
Condition, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out anti-low molten
The trait related SNP locus of gene analysis of oxygen；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low
Dissolved oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value.As a result show：The heredity of body weight
Power is 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight with it is resistance to low molten
Genetic correlation is 0.22 ± 0.09 between oxygen, and equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05).Added using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
Power 50% plus the low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% of 5 monthly ages, which are calculated, must select index, 20 high familys of screening families selecting index
As family of reserving seed for planting.
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from 20 familys of reserving seed for planting, the normal female shrimp of energetic, gonad development
20 tails, the male tail of shrimp 10 is as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
Embodiment 5
A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, comprises the following steps：
（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources
Emerging No. 1, middle section 1 in company Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection
Number, the extra large No. 1 close shrimp in osmanthus be used as colony, using AFLP technology to separate sources parent shrimp progress analysis of genetic diversity, pass through group
Body mating establishes 15 mating combinations as seed selection basic population；
（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, picking individual is big, female shrimp
60g, male shrimp 50g individual, the female tail of shrimp 300, the male tail of shrimp 150, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, appetite is prosperous
Contain, be sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction, being reserved seed for planting as close shrimp, by way of artificial insemination, by female-male proportion 2:1, establish
Family full-sibs 90, paternal half-sib family 45, it is F1 generation family；
（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage
In, per 11d net cage screen cloth of cleaning replacement, whole net cages are placed in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and carry out common environmental
Cultivation；
（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：Each F1 generation prawn cultivated 2 months in common environmental and during May, respectively from each family with
Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set
Ring marks, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, if any dead shrimp, prawn mark measurement is randomly selected in family where from it and is mended
30 tails are charged to, experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that dissolved oxygen in water body is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and opened by prawn
Beginning timing, water body dissolved oxygen is set to maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1 by adjusting air valve control（The oxygen concentration that 96 hours preliminary experiments determine
Scope）, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen feelings per 1h
Condition, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, different time sections are dead during to each family dissolved oxygen stress and survive prawn, carry out anti-low molten
The trait related SNP locus of gene analysis of oxygen；
（5）Data analysis：Using ASReml softwares, using multiple characters individual animal model estimate growth traits with it is resistance to low molten
Oxygen Trait heritability and genetic correlation, prediction growth traits and resistance to low dissolved oxygen character breeding value.As a result show：The genetic force of body weight
For 0.27 ± 0.11（Medium heritability）, resistance to low dissolved oxygen heredity is 0.13 ± 0.07（Medium heritability）, body weight and resistance to low dissolved oxygen
Between genetic correlation be 0.22 ± 0.09, equal Z-Score examines significantly (P<0.05).Weighted using 5 monthly age weight character breeding values
50%, which adds the low dissolved oxygen survival breeding value weighting 50% of 5 monthly ages to calculate, must select index, and 20 high familys of screening families selecting index are made
For family of reserving seed for planting.
（6）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from family of reserving seed for planting, the normal female tail of shrimp 20 of energetic, gonad development,
The male tail of shrimp 10 is as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；
（7）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned experiment family is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations, in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen of growth performance
The family of affiliation farther out can be selected in strong family, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female of gonad development
Prawn breeds offspring and supplies production application as improved seeds as parent.
The resistance to low dissolved oxygen family that the present invention filters out is significantly higher than survival rate average, survival rate in the survival rate of low-oxygen environment
25.72% is improved, cultivates within 2014 this kind parent shrimp breeding populations in 5000 mu of high-density breeding conditions than control population survival rate
High by 21.42%, output increased 23.74%.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：（1）The foundation of basic population：Collect from Florida of U.S. prawn improvement company SIS, Kona gulf marine resources company Emerging No. 1 in Konna Bay, Oceanic Institute of Hawaii OI, the honest Qin Xia companies ZD of Thailand and domestic seed selection, middle section 1, osmanthus Extra large No. 1 close shrimp carries out analysis of genetic diversity to separate sources parent shrimp using AFLP technology, passes through mass mating as colony 15 mating combinations are established as seed selection basic population；（2）Build F1 generation family：From above-mentioned 15 mating combinations, by 2% selection intensity, the big conduct parent shrimp of picking individual enters Row is reserved seed for planting, by way of artificial insemination, according to female-male proportion 2:1, establish family full-sibs 60 ~ 100, paternal half-sib man It it is 30 ~ 50, as F1 generation family；（3）Cultivated with pond：Each F1 generation family prawn takes 400 tail shrimp seedlings in 3m × 1m × 1m net cages respectively from the young shrimp stage, and every 8 Net cage screen cloth of ~ 12d cleaning replacements, whole net cages are placed in progress common environmental in 20m × 30m × 1.5m big pond and supported Grow；（4）Anti- low dissolved oxygen test：When each F1 generation prawn cultivates 2 months and 5 months in common environmental, respectively from each family with Machine extracts 30 tail prawns measurement prawn body weight, body length, body length, uromere length, body width, and sampling prawn is carried out into optic stalk set Ring is marked, and the prawn marked temporarily supports 2d in shrimp ponds, and then experiment prawn is put in 800L round plastic bucket, treats that prawn will Dissolved oxygen is consumed to 1.2mg.L-1 and starts timing in water body, by adjusting air valve control make water body dissolved oxygen maintain 0.8 ~ 1.2mg.L-1, 94h low dissolved oxygen stress is carried out, water pump maintenance is placed with bucket, and water body dissolved oxygen is uniform up and down, the detection water body dissolved oxygen per 1h Situation, the detection prawn survival condition per 8h, the excellent family for resisting low dissolved oxygen ability strong of growth performance is filtered out, and carry out record point Analysis, screening obtain family of reserving seed for planting；（5）F2 is built for family：Picking individual is big from family of reserving seed for planting, the normal female tail of shrimp 20 of energetic, gonad development, male shrimp 10 tails are as parent, and the control coefficient of inbreeding is below 0.1, and by way of artificial insemination, structure F2 is for family；（6）Subculture selects：Above-mentioned F2 is passed through to the continuous selection in 4 generations for family, it is strong in the excellent resistance to low dissolved oxygen performance of growth performance Family in, select affiliation family farther out, therefrom picking individual is big, energetic, the normal male and female prawn of gonad development As parent, breed offspring and supply production application as improved seeds.
- A kind of 2. resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（2）The parent Shrimp refers to individual big, female 45 ~ 65g of shrimp, male 35 ~ 55g of shrimp, male and female shrimp gonad development is normal, appendage is complete, disease-free, honey stomach, The individual sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction.
- A kind of 3. resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（5）The F2 Female-male proportion for family is 2:1, the coefficient of inbreeding is controlled below 0.1.
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| CN104982371B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-05-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Cultivating system and method under prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals |
| CN105393967B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-12-25 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of grade classification and preferred method of Marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp seedling cold tolerance |
| CN105519461B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-12-25 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of grade classification and preferred method of Marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp seedling anti-flow performance |
| CN108522383A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-14 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method keeping Procambius clarkii merit |
| CN110063284B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2021-10-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for breeding new variety (line) of penaeus monodon with crude feed resistance |
| CN110250052B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-04-26 | 淮阴师范学院 | Breeding method for pseudobagrus ussuriensis hypoxia-resistant family |
| CN110710481B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-10-29 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Method for selecting seeds of palaemon carinicauda with low oxygen resistance |
| CN111226839B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-10-19 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding hypoxia-resistant hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN113796342B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-07-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Multistage standardized breeding method in shrimp family |
| CN112021226B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-09-03 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for expanding breeding of freshwater economic crayfish with low egg laying amount |
| CN113678767B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-08-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method for prawn disease resistance character |
| CN114403068B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-08-01 | 上海市水产研究所（上海市水产技术推广站） | Breeding method of low-salt-tolerance palaemon carinicauda strain |
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