CN104982371B - Cultivating system and method under prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals - Google Patents

Cultivating system and method under prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104982371B
CN104982371B CN201510340228.XA CN201510340228A CN104982371B CN 104982371 B CN104982371 B CN 104982371B CN 201510340228 A CN201510340228 A CN 201510340228A CN 104982371 B CN104982371 B CN 104982371B
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net cage
family
prawn
aquaculture
pond
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CN104982371A (en
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刘东超
刘建勇
张国新
张嘉晨
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Guangdong Ocean University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003Aquaria; Terraria
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of prawn breeding early stage different family common environmental cultivating systems and methods.The system includes circular pond, aquaculture net cage and material-feeding platform, water inlet pipe and blow-off pipe are equipped on circular pond, aquaculture net cage is equipped with multiple and is set along circular pond pool side, each aquaculture net cage sets that there are one material-feeding platform and a nameplates, gas charging stone is equipped in aquaculture net cage and circular pond, gas charging stone is connected by inflated hose with air pump, bolting silk net is equipped in the bottom surface of each aquaculture net cage and side, the system structure is simple, it is practical, it is at low cost, using above system, different family prawns are respectively with different cage culture and mark, family mark rate and discrimination are 100%.The present invention cultivates suitable prawn difference family early stage under the conditions of common environmental, it is tested under the conditions of extension common environmental, prawn family common environmental effect is reduced, influence of the environmental variance to genetic variance is reduced, beneficial to the accuracy estimated during extensive family selective breeding each genetic parameters.

Description

Cultivating system and method under prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivating systems and cultural method under a kind of prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals, belong to Prawn breeding technical field.
Background technology
Prawn is one of main aquaculture kind in China.In order to further improve the yield of prawn and quality, both at home and abroad Genetic improvement is carried out to the prawn kind of current cultivation.The selection and breeding of improved seeds are the effective of improvement prawn important economical trait Means establish family on a large scale, using pedigrees such as individual itself, compatriot, ancestors and offsprings and measure information, very big by constraining Likelihood method (restricted maximum likelihood, REML) and optimal linear unbiased prediction method (best linear Unbiased prediction, BLUP) carry out Genetic Evaluation, reserve seed for planting parent according to multiple selection index selection, gradually into For a kind of important method of aquatic livestock selection and use, what the extensive family selective breeding technology based on mark auxiliary carried out prawn Genetic improvement is at home and abroad carried out extensively.
During the extensive family selective breeding of prawn, first with directional cross technology, established by Nested Design complete same Born of the same parents and family half sibs since each family individual is smaller, can not be marked, it is necessary to individually be hatched to each family without section children Body is cultivated and arrives the young shrimps of long 1cm of body or so, and young shrimp is further continued for the independent juvenile prawn cultivated to body length and reach 3cm.Then, then respectively from Sampled in different familys, mixed breeding be put into identical environment after mark until harvest, with to different familys respectively through economic characters Tested under common environmental cultivating condition, so as to calculate the genetic parameter of each character, family and individual breeding value are carried out pre- It surveys, and family and individual is selected and remain based on breeding value.However, the common environmental that the independent cultivation of each family for a long time is caused Effect meeting large effect genetic parameter estimation value and the accuracy of breeding value prediction, so as to influence the accuracy of selection, reduce Genetic progress is reacted with selection.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prawn breeding early stage different family common environmental cultivating systems and cultural method, The cultural method is suitble to cultivation of the prawn difference family early stage under the conditions of common environmental, is tested under the conditions of extension common environmental, Prawn family common environmental effect is reduced, reduces influence of the environmental variance to genetic variance, beneficial to the extensive family selective breeding of raising In the process to the accuracy of each genetic parameters estimation, the cultivating system is simple in structure, practical, at low cost, family mark Note rate and discrimination are 100%.
Technical scheme is as follows:A kind of prawn breeding early stage difference family common environmental cultivating system, including circle Shape pond, aquaculture net cage and material-feeding platform, are equipped with water inlet pipe and blow-off pipe on circular pond, and aquaculture net cage is equipped with multiple and along circle Pond pool side is set, and each aquaculture net cage is set there are one material-feeding platform and a nameplate, is equipped with and is filled in aquaculture net cage and circular pond Gas stone, gas charging stone are connected by inflated hose with air pump, and bolting silk net is equipped in the bottom surface of each aquaculture net cage and side.
Further, a gas charging stone is placed in each aquaculture net cage, is pressed in circular pond per 1-2 inflation of square meter Stone carries out distribution placement.
Further, the mesh of the bolting silk net is 10-60 mesh.
Further, the water inlet pipe is arranged on circular pond pool side, and the blow-off pipe is arranged on the center in circular pond.
It is a kind of to carry out cultural method of the different familys under common environmental in prawn breeding early stage using above-mentioned cultivating system, It carries out as follows:
(1)Disinfection:Aquaculture pond, net cage and cultivation apparatus are impregnated with disinfectant, then is rinsed well with clear water, by net cage one by one It is suspended on circular pond pool wall, is impaled the surrounding of aquaculture net cage and bottom with bolting silk net, the size of mesh is to keep mesh Subject to the shrimp of permeability and net cage can swim out of;The disinfectant is potassium permanganate or formaldehyde;
(2)Add in filtering sea:Seawater is injected into circular pond, adjusts the physical and chemical indexes such as Inversion phenomenon, the illumination of seawater, Inflation makes water level in pond be suitble to the dispensing of shrimp seedling;
(3)The shrimp seedling of a length of 0.8 ± 0.2cm of body is put into net cage by identical quantity, each family shrimp seedling is put into one Net cage, breeding density put 150-300 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed for per cubic meter of water;Tracheae, gas stone are put into net cage and circular pond, often A net cage is put into material-feeding platform 1, for giving prawn bait throwing in when family is cultivated, ingests and grow feelings for observing shrimp body in addition Condition;
(4)Hang Sign Board:Hanging one at the edge of each net cage has code identification board, and different familys is encoded, with Distinguish different familys;
(5)Aquaculture management:After each family prawn is put into net cage completion family mark, begin to carry out the day of family cultivation Often management:The breeding environment and management condition of each family should be consistent;Feed bait 3-4 times daily, day feeding volume is shrimp The 5 ~ 10% of weight;It according to prawn growing state, regularly replaces bolting silk net or each family aquaculture net cage is changed into cleaning, change new Net cage continue to cultivate;Good water quality is kept by changing water, periodically launching improver of water quality, seawater pH value is made to be maintained at 7.5- 8.2, ammonia nitrogen≤1mg/l, nitrite≤0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L, Chi Zhong Water is kept without heterochromatic, peculiar smell;
(6)Sampling mark:When the young shrimp in each net cage, which continues independent cultivation, reaches 3-4cm to body length, terminate common ring Border cultivates, and samples be marked from kind family respectively.
The step(5)During aquaculture management, the control of water quality, which can also use to remove, changes water, periodically launches water quality improvement Method commonly used in the art outside agent controls the pH value of seawater to be maintained at 7.5-8.2, ammonia nitrogen≤1mg/l, and nitrite≤ 0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L keep water in pond without heterochromatic, peculiar smell.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that compared with the prior art:Cultural method of the present invention is suitble to prawn difference family early stage Cultivation under the conditions of common environmental, extend common environmental under the conditions of test, reduce prawn family common environmental effect, reduce ring Influence of the border variance to genetic variance, beneficial to the standard estimated during the extensive family selective breeding of raising each genetic parameters True property, the cultivating system is simple in structure, practical, at low cost, and family mark rate and discrimination are 100%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of cultivating system of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and It does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 is as shown in Figure 1, establish a kind of different family common environmental cultivating systems of prawn breeding early stage, including circle Shape pond 1, aquaculture net cage 2 and material-feeding platform 3 are equipped with water inlet pipe 11 and blow-off pipe 12 on circular pond 1.Wherein, aquaculture net cage 2 is equipped with Multiple and set along circular 1 pool side of pond, each aquaculture net cage 2 is set there are one 3 and one nameplate 4 of material-feeding platform, in aquaculture net cage 2 With gas charging stone 5 is equipped in circular pond 1, gas charging stone 5 is connected by inflated hose with air pump, in the bottom surface of each aquaculture net cage 2 Bolting silk net is equipped with side;The mesh of bolting silk net is 10-60 mesh, can according to actual needs and the size of prawn makes choice and sets It puts.
A gas charging stone is placed in each aquaculture net cage 2, is distributed in circular pond 1 by every 1-2 gas charging stone of square meter 5 It places.Water inlet pipe 11 is arranged on circular 1 pool side of pond, is mainly used for injecting seawater into aquaculture pond when family is cultivated.Blow-off pipe 12 are arranged on the center in circular pond 1;It is mainly used for swill in pond and metabolic waste when family is cultivated from aquaculture pond Middle discharge, to keep breeding water body water quality good.
The culture system that embodiment 2 is established using embodiment 1, using following steps to litopenaeus vannamei breeding early period not With family cultivate under common environmental:
(1)Disinfection:Aquaculture pond, net cage and cultivation apparatus are impregnated with formaldehyde, then is rinsed well with clear water, net cage is hanged one by one It hangs on circular pond pool wall, is impaled the surrounding of aquaculture net cage and bottom with bolting silk net, the size of mesh is to keep the logical of mesh Subject to the shrimp of permeability and net cage can swim out of;
(2)Add in filtering sea:Seawater is injected into circular pond, adjusts the physical and chemical indexes such as Inversion phenomenon, the illumination of seawater, Inflation makes water level in pond be suitble to the dispensing of shrimp seedling;
(3)The shrimp seedling of body a length of 0.8 or so is put into net cage by identical quantity, each family shrimp seedling is put into a net Case, breeding density put 200 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed for per cubic meter of water;Tracheae, gas stone are put into net cage and circular pond, each net cage Material-feeding platform 1 is put into, for giving prawn bait throwing in when family is cultivated, is ingested and growing state for observing shrimp body in addition;
(4)Hang Sign Board:Hanging one at the edge of each net cage has code identification board, and different familys is encoded, with Distinguish different familys;
(5)Aquaculture management:After each family prawn is put into net cage completion family mark, begin to carry out the day of family cultivation Often management:The breeding environment and management condition of each family should be consistent;Feed bait 3 times daily, day feeding volume is shrimp body The 5% of weight, specific feeding volume according to prawn ingest situation, water temperature, shell state situations such as be adjusted;Feelings are grown according to prawn Condition regularly replaces bolting silk net or each family aquaculture net cage is changed cleaning, changes new net cage and continue to cultivate;By changing water knot It closes and periodically launches the good water quality of improver of water quality holding, seawater pH value is made to be maintained at 7.5-8.0, ammonia nitrogen≤1mg/l, nitrite ≤ 0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L keep water in pond without heterochromatic, peculiar smell;
(6)Sampling mark:When the young shrimp in each net cage, which continues independent cultivation, reaches 3-4cm to body length, terminate common ring Border cultivates, and samples be marked from kind family respectively.
Cultivation the result shows that, family mark rate and discrimination are 100%, after the cage culture of 20 days, survival rate 95%。
The cultivating system that embodiment 3 is established using embodiment 1 realizes the present invention according to the following steps:
(1)Disinfection:Impregnate aquaculture pond, net cage and cultivation apparatus with potassium permanganate, then rinsed well with clear water, by net cage by It is a to be suspended on circular pond pool wall, the surrounding of aquaculture net cage and bottom are impaled with bolting silk net, the size of mesh is to keep mesh Permeability and net cage shrimp can swim out of subject to;
(2)Add in filtering sea:Seawater is injected into circular pond, adjusts the physical and chemical indexes such as Inversion phenomenon, the illumination of seawater, Inflation makes water level in pond be suitble to the dispensing of shrimp seedling;
(3)The shrimp seedling of body a length of 0.8 or so is put into net cage by identical quantity, each family shrimp seedling is put into a net Case, breeding density put 300 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed for per cubic meter of water;Tracheae, gas stone are put into net cage and circular pond, each net cage Material-feeding platform 1 is put into, for giving prawn bait throwing in when family is cultivated, is ingested and growing state for observing shrimp body in addition;
(4)Hang Sign Board:Hanging one at the edge of each net cage has code identification board, and different familys is encoded, with Distinguish different familys;
(5)Aquaculture management:After each family prawn is put into net cage completion family mark, begin to carry out the day of family cultivation Often management:The breeding environment and management condition of each family should be consistent;Feed bait 4 times daily, day feeding volume is shrimp body The 8% of weight, specific feeding volume according to prawn ingest situation, water temperature, shell state situations such as be adjusted;Feelings are grown according to prawn Condition regularly replaces bolting silk net or each family aquaculture net cage is changed cleaning, changes new net cage and continue to cultivate;By changing water, determining Phase launches the modes such as improver of water quality and keeps good water quality, and seawater pH value is made to be maintained at 8-8.2, ammonia nitrogen≤1mg/l, nitrite ≤ 0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L keep water in pond without heterochromatic, peculiar smell;
(6)Sampling mark:When the young shrimp in each net cage, which continues independent cultivation, reaches 3-4cm to body length, terminate common ring Border cultivates, and samples be marked from kind family respectively.
Cultivation the result shows that, family mark rate and discrimination are 100%, after the cage culture of 24 days, survival rate 97%。
The cultivating system that embodiment 4 is established using embodiment 1 realizes the present invention according to the following steps:
(1)Disinfection:Impregnate aquaculture pond, net cage and cultivation apparatus with potassium permanganate, then rinsed well with clear water, by net cage by It is a to be suspended on circular pond pool wall, the surrounding of aquaculture net cage and bottom are impaled with bolting silk net, the size of mesh is to keep mesh Permeability and net cage shrimp can swim out of subject to;
(2)Add in filtering sea:Seawater is injected into circular pond, adjusts the physical and chemical indexes such as Inversion phenomenon, the illumination of seawater, Inflation makes water level in pond be suitble to the dispensing of shrimp seedling;
(3)The shrimp seedling of body a length of 0.8 or so is put into net cage by identical quantity, each family shrimp seedling is put into a net Case, breeding density put 150 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed for per cubic meter of water;Tracheae, gas stone are put into net cage and circular pond, each net cage Material-feeding platform 1 is put into, for giving prawn bait throwing in when family is cultivated, is ingested and growing state for observing shrimp body in addition;
(4)Hang Sign Board:Hanging one at the edge of each net cage has code identification board, and different familys is encoded, with Distinguish different familys;
(5)Aquaculture management:After each family prawn is put into net cage completion family mark, begin to carry out the day of family cultivation Often management:The breeding environment and management condition of each family should be consistent;Feed bait 4 times daily, day feeding volume is shrimp body The 10% of weight, specific feeding volume according to prawn ingest situation, water temperature, shell state situations such as be adjusted;Feelings are grown according to prawn Condition regularly replaces bolting silk net or each family aquaculture net cage is changed cleaning, changes new net cage and continue to cultivate;By changing water, determining Phase launches the modes such as improver of water quality and keeps good water quality, and seawater pH value is made to be maintained at 7.8-8.0, ammonia nitrogen≤1mg/l, nitrous acid Salt≤0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L keep water in pond without heterochromatic, peculiar smell;
(6)Sampling mark:When the young shrimp in each net cage, which continues independent cultivation, reaches 3-4cm to body length, terminate common ring Border cultivates, and samples be marked from kind family respectively.
Cultivation the result shows that, family mark rate and discrimination are 100%, after the cage culture of 22 days, survival rate 96%。

Claims (4)

1. a kind of prawn breeding early stage difference family common environmental cultivating system, it is characterised in that:Including circular pond, aquaculture net cage And material-feeding platform, water inlet pipe and blow-off pipe are equipped on circular pond, aquaculture net cage is equipped with multiple and is set along circular pond pool side, often A aquaculture net cage is set there are one material-feeding platform and a nameplate, is equipped with gas charging stone in aquaculture net cage and circular pond, gas charging stone leads to Gas overcharging hose is connected with air pump, and bolting silk net is equipped in the bottom surface of each aquaculture net cage and side;Existed using the cultivating system Prawn breeding early stage carries out cultural method of the different familys under common environmental, carries out as follows:
(1)Disinfection:Aquaculture pond, net cage and cultivation apparatus are impregnated with disinfectant, then is rinsed well with clear water, net cage is hung one by one On circular pond pool wall, the surrounding of aquaculture net cage and bottom are impaled with bolting silk net, the size of mesh is to keep the penetrating of mesh Subject to the shrimp of property and net cage can swim out of;The disinfectant is potassium permanganate or formaldehyde;
(2)Add in filtering sea:Seawater is injected into circular pond, adjusts the temperature, salinity, illumination of seawater, inflates, makes Chi Zhongshui The dispensing of the suitable shrimp seedling in position;
(3)The shrimp seedling of a length of 0.8 ± 0.2cm of body is put into net cage by identical quantity, each family shrimp seedling is put into a net cage, Breeding density puts 150-300 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed for per cubic meter of water;Tracheae, gas stone are put into net cage and circular pond, each net Case is put into material-feeding platform 1, for giving prawn bait throwing in when family is cultivated, ingests and growing state for observing shrimp body in addition;
(4)Hang Sign Board:Hanging one at the edge of each net cage has code identification board, and different familys is encoded, with difference Different familys;
(5)Aquaculture management:After each family prawn is put into net cage completion family mark, begin to carry out the daily pipe of family cultivation Reason:The breeding environment and management condition of each family should be consistent;Feed bait 3-4 times daily, day feeding volume is shrimp weight 5 ~ 10%;According to prawn growing state, regularly replace bolting silk net or each family aquaculture net cage is changed into cleaning, change new net Case continues to cultivate;Good water quality is kept by changing water, periodically launching improver of water quality, seawater pH value is made to be maintained at 7.5-8.2, ammonia Nitrogen≤1mg/l, nitrite≤0.2mg/l, COD COD≤15mg/l, dissolved oxygen DO >=4mg/L keep water in pond Without heterochromatic, peculiar smell;
(6)Sampling mark:When the young shrimp in each net cage, which continues independent cultivation, reaches 3-4cm to body length, terminate common environmental and support It grows, samples be marked from kind family respectively.
2. prawn breeding early stage difference family common environmental cultivating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described A gas charging stone is placed in each aquaculture net cage, distribution placement is carried out by every 1-2 gas charging stone of square meter in circular pond.
3. prawn breeding early stage difference family common environmental cultivating system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: The mesh of the bolting silk net is 10-60 mesh.
4. prawn breeding early stage difference family common environmental cultivating system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:It is described Water inlet pipe is arranged on circular pond pool side, and the blow-off pipe is arranged on the center in circular pond.
CN201510340228.XA 2015-06-18 2015-06-18 Cultivating system and method under prawn breeding early stage different family common environmentals Expired - Fee Related CN104982371B (en)

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CN105532529B (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-04-20 孙欣 A kind of shellfish family breeding marks contrast method
CN107027678B (en) * 2017-04-27 2020-06-12 温州莫泰仑工业设计有限公司 Production line device for large-scale environment-friendly breeding of finless eels
CN107155985B (en) * 2017-05-08 2020-05-15 湛江国联水产开发股份有限公司 Breeding method for resisting high ammonia nitrogen and growth traits of marsupenaeus japonicus breeding population
CN108375392B (en) * 2017-12-14 2020-06-19 孙以红 High-density detection device for shrimp culture and use method thereof
CN111406683A (en) * 2019-01-08 2020-07-14 澄迈盛虾林农业科技有限公司 Method for cultivating Australia freshwater lobster fry
CN109566501B (en) * 2019-01-17 2024-02-06 广东海洋大学 Seedling cultivation system and method for aquatic animals under common environments of different families
CN112616738A (en) * 2020-12-27 2021-04-09 海南禄泰海洋生物科技有限公司 Culture device for common environment of different families in early breeding stage of prawns and use method thereof
CN113287553A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-24 广西海洋研究所有限责任公司 Marettes margaritifera marking and measuring breeding cage

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CN104686430B (en) * 2015-04-07 2018-02-16 广东海威水产养殖有限公司 A kind of resistance to low dissolved oxygen family selective breeding method of prawn
CN204929992U (en) * 2015-06-18 2016-01-06 广东海洋大学 The early stage different family common environmental cultivating system of a kind of prawn breeding

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