CN109287533B - Large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds - Google Patents
Large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287533B CN109287533B CN201811079585.5A CN201811079585A CN109287533B CN 109287533 B CN109287533 B CN 109287533B CN 201811079585 A CN201811079585 A CN 201811079585A CN 109287533 B CN109287533 B CN 109287533B
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- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241001441955 Argopecten irradians Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001441956 Argopecten Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001526627 Azumapecten farreri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001526679 Mimachlamys nobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010196 hermaphroditism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/55—Baskets therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds, which realize that the gonads of bay scallops and patinopecten yessoensis are mature and spawned and discharged respectively through technical means such as temperature regulation and control, then the spawning and discharging water temperature of the bay scallops is reduced to the spawning water temperature of the patinopecten yessoensis by adopting a step-by-step cooling mode, and then the bay scallops and the patinopecten yessoensis are mixed with the spawning water temperature of the patinopecten yessoensis, so that the activity of sperms is maintained, and the fertility rate, the hatching rate, the survival rate of planktonic larvae and the metamorphosis rate of the hybrid scallop offspring seeds are improved, thereby improving the offspring seed production efficiency of the hybrid scallop offspring seeds. The hybrid seed of the invention also has the advantages of high growth speed, wide temperature resistant range, high yield of the adult shellfish and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a large-scale breeding method and equipment for patinopecten yessoensis (male) and bay scallop (female) hybrid scallop fries.
Background
At present, the scallop breeding varieties mainly comprise bay scallops, patinopecten yessoensis, chlamys farreri, chlamys nobilis and the like, wherein the yield of the bay scallops and patinopecten yessoensis is the largest. The bay scallop has high growth speed (can be cultivated in the current year) and high temperature resistance, but the individual is small, and the rate of the out-of-butyl (adductor muscle) is low; the patinopecten yessoensis is large in individual, high in diced (adductor muscle) yield and high in market price, but is a low-temperature variety, the highest temperature in summer cannot exceed 23 ℃ for a long time, otherwise, a large number of patinopecten yessoensis dies, so that the culture is limited by regions, and meanwhile, the growth speed is slower, and only 2-3 years are needed for the patinopecten yessoensis to grow.
To date, there is no report on the large-scale breeding method and equipment of patinopecten yessoensis (male) and bay scallop (female) hybrid scallop offspring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop fries of patinopecten yessoensis (male parent) and Argopecten irradias (female parent).
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a large-scale breeding method of hybrid scallop fries is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. selecting and promoting maturation of the scallops:
1, selecting bay scallops with shell diameters of at least 6cm and female patinopecten yessoensis with shell diameters of at least 9cm as parent scallops;
a.2 Respectively promoting maturation of parent scallops of bay scallops and parent scallops of patinopecten yessoensis, so that gonads of the two parent scallops are simultaneously mature:
the parent scallop quantity of the bay scallops is 50 kg/thousand-seed water body, and the bay scallops are fed into a sea pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ and then are kept at constant temperature for 5 days; raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every day, and raising the temperature to 15 ℃ at constant temperature for 3d; raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day, raising the temperature to 18 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant for 13-18 d, and raising the temperature to 20 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant for 3-5 d;
feeding parent patinopecten yessoensis in a water body with the number of 4 patinopecten yessoensis/seedling raising water body at constant temperature after the parent patinopecten yessoensis is put into a sea water pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ for 3-5 d, then raising the water temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day, raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every time after raising the temperature to the later 4 ℃ for 3d, raising the temperature to 10-12 d when reaching the temperature of 6 ℃, and raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day and raising the temperature to 7.5 ℃ for 12-15 d;
b. formation of fertilized eggs
The patinopecten yessoensis parent is Bei Yingan hours, and then the patinopecten yessoensis parent is put into a spawning pond with the sea water at the temperature of 16.2-16.6 ℃ and 1/2 m in the pond 2 Laying gas stones in density, and breeding until spawning; after drying parent patinopecten yessoensis in the shade for half an hour, parent patinopecten yessoensis Bei Yingan is put into a net cage which is provided with seawater at 23 ℃ and is provided with air stones to be fed into the net cage until the patinopecten yessoensis is discharged, then the seawater at 23 ℃ with the patinopecten yessoensis sperms is gradually reduced to 16.2-16.6 ℃ and then is injected into a patinopecten yessoensis spawning pond until more than 80% of the patinopecten yessoensis eggs are detected by a microscope and 2-3 patinopecten yessoensis sperms are arranged around; forming fertilized eggs;
c. hatching method
The fertilized eggs develop to the original intestines for 2 hours, the water temperature is raised to 17.5 ℃ for hatching until the proportion of D-type larvae reaches 70%;
d. breeding
Adopting a concentration method for breeding;
e. larva cultivation
Transferring the bred larvae into a culture pond with half of clean seawater at 17.0 ℃ for culture, increasing the culture density by 20cm per day, adding seawater into the culture pond after three days, changing water once per day, sucking water once per five days until the larvae are poured into the pond, and throwing an attachment base; when D-type larvae grow to 130 μm, the water temperature is raised to 18.0 ℃ and the seedlings are cultivated at constant temperature.
The equipment for the large-scale breeding method of the hybrid scallop offspring seeds is characterized in that: the intelligent water heater is characterized by comprising a box body, wherein a first partition plate and a second partition plate are vertically arranged in the box body, the box body is divided into a first inner box, a second inner box and a third inner box in sequence, air stones are arranged in the first inner box, the second inner box and the third inner box, a first overflow port is arranged at the upper end of the first partition plate, a second overflow port is arranged at the lower end of the second partition plate, a third overflow port is arranged at the upper end of a panel of the box body which is parallel to and adjacent to the second partition plate, a 500-mesh net box is arranged in the first inner box, a first water inlet pipe is arranged in the 500-mesh net box, a second water inlet pipe is arranged in the second inner box, a third water inlet pipe is arranged in the third inner box, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second water inlet pipe, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the third water inlet pipe, a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the second overflow port and the third overflow port, and the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are connected with a controller.
The invention realizes that the gonads of the bay scallops and the patinopecten yessoensis are mature at the same time and spawn and discharge sperms respectively through technical means such as temperature regulation and control, then the temperature of spawning and discharging sperms of the bay scallops is reduced to the spawning water temperature of the patinopecten yessoensis step by step, and then the bay scallops and the patinopecten yessoensis are mixed with the spawning water of the patinopecten yessoensis, so that the activity of sperms is maintained, and the fertility rate, the hatching rate, the survival rate of planktonic larvae and the metamorphosis rate of hybrid scallop fries are improved, thereby improving the fries production efficiency of hybrid scallop fries. The hybrid seed of the invention also has the advantages of high growth speed, wide temperature resistant range, high yield of the adult shellfish and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The equipment for the large-scale breeding method of the hybrid scallop offspring seeds is shown in figure 1: the intelligent temperature control device is provided with a box body 1, a first partition plate 2 and a second partition plate 3 are vertically arranged in the box body 1, the box body 1 is divided into a first inner box 4, a second inner box 5 and a third inner box 6 in sequence, an air stone 7 is arranged in each of the first inner box 4, the second inner box 5 and the third inner box 6, a first overflow port 8 is arranged at the upper end of the first partition plate 2, a second overflow port 9 is arranged at the lower end of the second partition plate 3, a third overflow port 10 is arranged at the upper end of a panel of the box body 1 which is parallel to and adjacent to the second partition plate 3, a 500-mesh net box 11 is arranged in the first inner box 4, a first water inlet pipe 12 is arranged in the 500-mesh net box 11, a second water inlet pipe 13 is arranged in the second inner box 5, a third water inlet pipe 14 is arranged in the third inner box 6, a first electromagnetic valve 15 is arranged on the second water inlet pipe 13, a second electromagnetic valve 16 is arranged on the third water inlet pipe 14, a first temperature sensor 17 and a second temperature sensor 18 are respectively arranged at the second overflow port 9 and the third overflow port 10, and the first temperature sensor 15, the second electromagnetic valve 16 and the second electromagnetic valve 17 are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve 18 and the second electromagnetic valve 18. When in use, the box body 1 is placed in the spawning pond, and the gas stone 7 is in an inflated state.
The invention relates to a large-scale breeding method of hybrid scallop offspring seeds, which comprises the following steps of:
a. selecting and promoting maturation of the scallops:
1, selecting bay scallops with normal body shape, strong vitality, no damage and no false shells and shell diameters of at least 6cm and female patinopecten yessoensis with shell diameters of at least 9cm as parent scallops;
a.2 Respectively promoting maturation of parent scallops of bay scallops and parent scallops of patinopecten yessoensis, so that gonads of the two parent scallops are simultaneously mature:
the parent scallop quantity of the bay scallops is 50 kg/thousand-seed water body, and the bay scallops are fed into a sea pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ and then are kept at constant temperature for 5 days; raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every day, and raising the temperature to 15 ℃ at constant temperature for 3d; raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day, raising the temperature to 18 ℃ for 15 days at constant temperature, raising the water temperature to 20 ℃ and raising the temperature for 5 days at constant temperature;
feeding patinopecten yessoensis parent shells into a water pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ for 5 days at constant temperature after the patinopecten yessoensis parent shells are put into a water pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ for 3 days at constant temperature after the temperature is raised to the temperature of 4 ℃ and the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ for 3 days, feeding at constant temperature for 12 days when the temperature is up to 6 ℃, selecting the patinopecten yessoensis for one time, removing individuals with male and hermaphrodite, and then raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ for 12 days at constant temperature after the temperature is raised to 7.5 ℃;
b. formation of fertilized eggs
Drying patinopecten yessoensis female shell in the shade for one hour, then putting the patinopecten yessoensis female shell into a spawning pond with the seawater at the temperature of 16.2-16.6 ℃ and adding 1/2 m of the spawning pond 2 Laying gas stones in density, and breeding until spawning; a, drying parent patinopecten yessoensis in the shade for half an hour, putting the parent patinopecten yessoensis in Bei Yingan hours, putting the patinopecten yessoensis in a 500-mesh net cage 11 with 23 ℃ seawater and air stones 7, raising the patinopecten yessoensis until semen discharge, slowly injecting the 23 ℃ seawater into the 500-mesh net cage 11 through a first water inlet pipe 12, simultaneously controlling a first electromagnetic valve 15 and a second electromagnetic valve 16 to respectively inject the seawater with the temperature lower than 23 ℃ into a second inner box 5 and a third inner box 6 through a second water inlet pipe 13 and a third water inlet pipe 14 by a controller, and merging the seawater with the temperature lower than 23 ℃ flowing into the second inner box 5 from a first overflow port 8; the controller takes the water temperature of the second water inlet pipe 13, the water temperature of the third water inlet pipe 14, the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 15 and the opening of the second electromagnetic valve 16 as control parameters according to the signals of the first temperature sensor 17 and the second temperature sensor 18, and the temperature controller and the electromagnetic valve are controlled in a fuzzy manner, so that the water temperature at the second overflow port 9 is 19-21 ℃ and the water temperature at the third overflow port 10 is 16.2-16.6 ℃, namely, the 23 ℃ sea water with the bay scallop sperms is gradually reduced to 16.2-16.6 ℃ and then is injected into a patinopecten yessoensis spawning pond and is subjected to microscopic inspection at any time until more than 80% of the patinopecten yessoensis sperms are detected by a microscope; forming fertilized eggs;
c. hatching method
The fertilized eggs develop to the original intestines for 2 hours, shui Wendi in the spawning pond 19 is heated to 17.5 ℃ for hatching until the proportion of D-type larvae reaches 70%;
d. breeding
Adopting a concentration method for breeding;
e. larva cultivation
Transferring the bred larvae into a culture pond with half of clean seawater at 17.0 ℃ for culture, increasing the culture density by 20cm per day, adding seawater into the culture pond after three days, changing water once per day, sucking water once per five days until the larvae are poured into the pond, and throwing an attachment base; when D-type larvae grow to 130 μm, the water temperature is raised to 18.0 ℃ and the seedlings are cultivated at constant temperature.
The initial bait for feeding is golden algae, and then the golden algae and the flat algae are gradually added, and the specific feeding amount is determined according to factors such as feeding conditions, larva density and the like.
According to detection, the fertilization rate of the embodiment of the invention is at least 90%, the hatching rate is at least 80%, the survival rate of planktonic larvae is at least 75%, and the metamorphosis rate is at least 90%. The hybrid seeds cultivated by the embodiment of the invention can resist the high temperature of 26 ℃, the growth speed is improved by more than 15% compared with patinopecten yessoensis, and the yield is improved by more than 15% compared with bay scallop.
Claims (1)
1. A large-scale breeding method of hybrid scallop fries is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. selecting and promoting maturation of the scallops:
1, selecting bay scallops with shell diameters of at least 6cm and female patinopecten yessoensis with shell diameters of at least 9cm as parent scallops;
a.2 Respectively promoting maturation of parent scallops of bay scallops and parent scallops of patinopecten yessoensis, so that gonads of the two parent scallops are simultaneously mature:
the parent scallop quantity of the bay scallops is 50 kg/thousand-seed water body, and the bay scallops are fed into a sea pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ and then are kept at constant temperature for 5 days; raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every day, and raising the temperature to 15 ℃ at constant temperature for 3d; raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day, raising the temperature to 18 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 13-18 d, raising the temperature to 20 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3-5 d;
feeding parent patinopecten yessoensis in a water body with the number of 4 patinopecten yessoensis/seedling raising water body at constant temperature after the parent patinopecten yessoensis is put into a sea water pool with the temperature of 3 ℃ for 3-5 d, then raising the water temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day, raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day after raising the temperature to 4 ℃ for 3d, raising the temperature to 10-12 d at constant temperature when reaching 6 ℃, and raising the temperature to 0.5 ℃ every day and raising the temperature to 7.5 ℃ for 12-15 d at constant temperature;
b. formation of fertilized eggs
The patinopecten yessoensis parent is Bei Yingan hours, and then the patinopecten yessoensis parent is put into a spawning pond with the sea water at the temperature of 16.2-16.6 ℃ and 1/2 m in the pond 2 Laying gas stones in density, and breeding until spawning; drying parent patinopecten yessoensis in the shade for half an hour, parent patinopecten yessoensis Bei Yingan for one hour, feeding the patinopecten yessoensis into a net cage with 23 ℃ seawater and air stones, and discharging spermsGradually reducing the temperature of the seawater to 16.2-16.6 ℃ and then injecting the seawater into a patinopecten yessoensis spawning pond until 2-3 patinopecten yessoensis sperms are arranged around patinopecten yessoensis eggs detected by a microscope; forming fertilized eggs;
c. hatching method
The fertilized eggs develop to the original intestines for 2 hours, the water temperature is raised to 17.5 ℃ for hatching until the proportion of D-type larvae reaches 70%;
d. breeding
Adopting a concentration method for breeding;
e. larva cultivation
Transferring the bred larvae into a culture pond with half of clean seawater at 17.0 ℃ for culture, increasing the culture density by 20cm per day, adding seawater into the culture pond after three days, changing water once per day, sucking water once per five days, and pouring the water into the pond and putting an attachment base; when D-type larvae grow to 130 μm, the water temperature is raised to 18.0 ℃ and the seedlings are cultivated at constant temperature.
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| CN201811079585.5A CN109287533B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds |
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| CN201811079585.5A CN109287533B (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2018-09-17 | Large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds |
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| CN110292007B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-08-31 | 烟台海益苗业有限公司 | Hybrid scallop seedling raising method and device |
| CN115136911B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-07-25 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院(烟台市渔业技术推广站、烟台市海洋捕捞增殖管理站) | Method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa in north China |
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