CN115136911B - Method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa in north China - Google Patents
Method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa in north China Download PDFInfo
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- CN115136911B CN115136911B CN202210913214.2A CN202210913214A CN115136911B CN 115136911 B CN115136911 B CN 115136911B CN 202210913214 A CN202210913214 A CN 202210913214A CN 115136911 B CN115136911 B CN 115136911B
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001526627 Azumapecten farreri Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000180579 Arca Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa in north China, belonging to the technical field of aquatic offspring seed propagation. According to the invention, the male snails are removed in advance, so that disturbance of the male snails on the spawning process of the female snails is effectively reduced, the gonads of the female snails are fully developed by utilizing water temperature change adjustment and mixed nutrition enhancement of various shellfish, and the parent snails of the rapana venosa are induced to intensively spawn by means of superposition of three factors of physical, biological and tidal effects, so that the effects of large spawning amount, full egg yolk accumulation, good fertilized egg quality and concentrated high-strength spawning of the rapana venosa are realized, and a basic condition is provided for large-scale propagation of rapana venosa seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shellfish ripening and spawning promotion method, in particular to a rapana venosa ripening and spawning promotion method applicable to northern China, belonging to the technical field of aquatic offspring seed propagation.
Background
The rapana venosa is an important large-scale economic snail native to China, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, and is widely welcomed by consumers. Moreover, the rapana venosa has high growth speed, strong stress resistance and high economic value, and is a good artificial breeding variety. In recent years, the artificial breeding industry of rapana venosa has been the first-seen scale in northern areas of China, and rapana venosa has become an important variety in the shellfish breeding industry.
Along with the expansion of the requirements of artificial propagation and breeding on offspring seeds, the artificial propagation and breeding of the rapana venosa offspring seeds is widely developed. Under natural conditions, the propagation season of the rapana venosa is summer, the growth stage of the rapana venosa needs to pass through a low-temperature period in winter, the rapana venosa grows slowly, the death rate is high, and the high-temperature rapid growth period in spring and summer cannot be utilized to form high economic benefits. In the low-temperature period in winter, the industrialized temperature control seedling raising of the rapana venosa is carried out, three rapana venosa growing seasons of spring, summer and autumn can be efficiently utilized, the cultivation period is greatly shortened, and the cultivation risk is reduced.
The problems of small industrial water body, stress reaction of the rapana venosa to temperature change, easy early spawning, small egg mass, insufficient egg yolk accumulation, poor fertilized egg quality, dispersed spawning time and the like of the indoor temperature-controlled ripening rapana venosa are limited; in addition, compared with lower shellfish fertilized in vitro, the pulse red snail spawning process has long duration, the spawning process is easy to be disturbed by the outside to stop spawning, and the spawning synchronization among individuals is poor, which brings a plurality of inconveniences for subsequent fertilized egg hatching and larva culture management work.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rapana venosa ripening acceleration and spawning method suitable for northern China.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. the method for promoting maturation and spawning of the rapana venosa in north China is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1: when the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 10-12 ℃, collecting the rapana venosa parent snails;
step2: placing the parent rapana venosa in a raft frame cage in a sea area for temporary culture until the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 6-8 ℃, and not feeding bait organisms in the period;
step3: temporarily culturing the rapana venosa parent snails in a parent snail culturing workshop, wherein the water temperature is consistent with the water temperature for temporary culture in the sea area, the temporary culture time lasts for 10 days, no bait organisms are fed in the period, and 1 time is changed for half a day;
step4: raising the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 12 ℃ with the temperature raising range of 0.5 ℃/d, keeping 5d, changing water 1 time per half a day, cleaning the bottom or pouring the water 1 time for 7d, and feeding a small amount of fresh Philippines clams and Mytilus edulis with the shell length not exceeding 3cm after the water temperature is raised to 10 ℃;
step5: raising the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 16 ℃ with the heating range of 1 ℃/d, changing water for 2 times per half a day, cleaning the bottom or reversing the pool for 1 time for 5 days, and feeding the parent snail cultivation workshop with the water temperature of more than 1 years old of crassostrea gigas, chlamys farreri and common mussels in a mixed mode after the water temperature is raised to 16 ℃;
step6: when the copulation behavior of the parent snails of the rapana venosa is observed, the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop is raised to 18 ℃ with the temperature rising range of 1 ℃/d, water is changed for 2 times in half a day, the bottom is cleared or the pond is reversed for 1 time in 3d, and the water temperature is raised to 18 ℃ and then the parent snails, the Philippines and the Arca inflata reevesii are mixed and fed;
step7: when the mating rapana venosa parent snail is found, the male and female are marked by the clip type label; step8: in the later pool patrol process, the marked male snails which are not mated are removed;
step9: when the residual marked parent snails in the net cage account for more than 70% of the total number of the residual parent snails in the net cage, removing male snails, and then reducing the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 16 ℃ with a temperature reduction range of 1 ℃/d, and continuing until the upcoming astronomical big tide is finished;
step10: one day after the astronomical climax of Step9 is finished, the water temperature of the parent snail cultivation workshop is increased to 20 ℃ with the temperature rising range of 0.5 ℃/d, 1 time of water is changed for half a day, and the water temperature is increased to 20 ℃ and then the microcystis polina algae liquid is added into the pond;
step11: selecting a cement pool as an induced spawning pool, sprinkling benthic diatom algae liquid into the induced spawning pool at the water temperature of 20 ℃, and culturing in micro-flowing water after algae are attached;
step12: supplementing the algae liquid of the Nicotiana microphylla into the spawning pond on the day before the coming of the next astronomical climax, and transferring the parent snails of the rapana macrophylla into the spawning pond with the density of 8-10 per m 3 ；
Step13: one day after the astronomical climax described in Step12 is finished, the water in the spawning induction pool is drained, and the egg bag is taken.
Preferably, in Step1, rapana venosa with a shell of 200±50g individual mass is collected as parent snail.
Preferably, in Step2, the temporary culture density is 60.+ -.10/m 3 。
Preferably, in Step3, the cultivation density of the rapana venosa parent snails is 7-10 per m based on the bottom area of the shellfish floating cultivation net cage 2 。
Preferably, in Step4, the ratio of the number of the rapana venosa parent snails to the number of the bait organisms is 1:0.3, and the residual shell of the bait is cleaned every 2 days to supplement fresh bait organisms.
Preferably, in Step5, the ratio of the number of rapana venosa parent snails to the number of bait organisms is not higher than 1: and 0.5, cleaning the residual shells of the baits every day, and supplementing the baits with corresponding numbers of baits.
Preferably, in Step6, the number ratio of the rapana venosa parent snails to the bait organisms is not higher than 1:1, and the residual shells of the bait are cleaned every day to supplement the corresponding number of the bait organisms.
Preferably, in Step10, the concentration of the Nicotiana microphylla in the pool is 5×10 4 And (3) ind/mL, timely supplementing the chlorella liquid after changing water, and ensuring the concentration of the unicellular algae.
Preferably, in Step11, benthic diatom algae liquid in which navicular algae and oval algae are dominant communities is used.
Preferably, in Step12, water is slowly added 1 time per day in a slightly overflowing manner, and the water is added for 0.5 hour while ensuring that the spawning rapana venosa parent snails are not separated from the water body all the time.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the male snails are removed in advance, so that disturbance of the male snails on the spawning process of the female snails is effectively reduced, the gonads of the female snails are fully developed by utilizing water temperature change adjustment and mixed nutrition enhancement of various shellfish, and the parent snails of the rapana venosa are induced to intensively spawn by means of superposition of three factors of physical, biological and tidal effects, so that the effects of large spawning amount, full egg yolk accumulation, good fertilized egg quality and concentrated high-strength spawning of the rapana venosa are realized, and a basic condition is provided for large-scale propagation of rapana venosa seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a parent rapana venosa when mated;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the parent rapana venosa when a large number of rapana venosa are accumulated and spawned.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa in north China, which is characterized by controlling temperature to promote maturation, and utilizing three elements of water temperature, diatom film and astronomical tide to induce rapana venosa parent snails to intensively spawn, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. collecting rapana venosa parent snail
11-12 months each year, when the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 10-12 ℃, the rapana venosa with the shell not damaged and the individual mass of 200+/-50 g is collected as parent snail.
2. Temporary vein-nourishing red snail parent snail in raft frame hanging cage in sea area
Placing the collected rapana venosa parent snails into a raft frame cage in a sea area for temporary culture, wherein the temporary culture density is 60+/-10 per m 3 Continuously temporarily raising until the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 6-8 ℃, and feeding the bait organisms during temporary raising.
The water flow in the temporary sea area is smooth, and the average flow speed is about 1 m/s; the salinity of the temporarily-cultured sea area is stable, and the salinity difference of the temporarily-cultured sea area and the salinity of the parent rapana venosa is not obvious.
3. Temporary vein-nourishing red snail parent snail in parent snail cultivation workshop
The method comprises the steps of retrieving the parent snails of the rapana venosa from a sea area, removing attached organisms such as oyster shells and sponge, placing the parent snails of the rapana venosa in a shellfish floating culture net cage, temporarily culturing the parent snails in a parent snail culture workshop, keeping the water temperature of the parent snail culture workshop consistent with the temporary culturing water temperature in the step2, keeping the temporary culturing time for 10 days, not feeding bait organisms during the temporary culturing, and changing water 1 time per half a day.
The tightness of the parent snail cultivation workshop is good, and illumination of more than 5000lx is ensured in sunny days in winter for more than 4 hours.
The cultivation density of the rapana venosa parent snail during the ripening period is 7 to 10 per m based on the bottom area of the shellfish floating cultivation net cage 2 。
After the rapana venosa parent snails enter an indoor workshop, the rapana venosa parent snails with damaged shells and dead stress in the transportation process are removed in time.
4. First slow heating
The water temperature of the parent snail cultivation workshop is slowly raised to 12 ℃ with the temperature rising range of 0.5 ℃/d and kept stable (the daily temperature difference of pool water is not more than 0.5 ℃), 5d is kept, 1 time is replaced by half a day, and 7d is cleaned or the pool is inverted 1 time.
Before the water temperature rises to 10 ℃, feeding no bait organisms; after the water temperature is raised to 10 ℃, a small amount of fresh and alive Philippines and Mytilus edulis (transitional baits) with the shell length not exceeding 3cm are fed, the number ratio of the Philippines to the baits is ensured to be close to 1:0.3, the residual baits are cleaned every 2 days, and fresh baits are supplemented.
5. First rapid heating
The water temperature of the parent snail cultivation workshop is quickly raised to 16 ℃ and kept stable (the daily temperature difference of pool water is not more than 0.5 ℃) with the temperature rising range of 1 ℃/d, water is changed for 2 times per day by half a volume, and the parent snail cultivation workshop is cleaned to the bottom or is poured into the pool for 1 time after 5 days.
After the water temperature is raised to 16 ℃, replacing the bait organisms with more than 1-year-old crassostrea, more than 1-year-old chlamys farreri and more than 1-year-old common mussels (nutrition enhancement), wherein the more than 1-year-old crassostrea and more than 1-year-old chlamys farreri are taken as main materials, and the more than 1-year-old common mussels are taken as auxiliary materials, so that the number ratio of the parent snails of the rapana venosa to the bait organisms is not higher than 1: and 0.5, cleaning the residual shells of the baits every day, and supplementing the baits with corresponding numbers of baits.
6. Second rapid heating
In the daily pool inspection process, observing the activity condition of the rapana venosa parent snails, when observing the mating behavior of the rapana venosa parent snails, quickly raising the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 18 ℃ with the temperature raising range of 1 ℃/d and keeping stable (the daily temperature difference of pool water is not more than 0.5 ℃), changing water 2 times a half amount per day, and cleaning the bottom or reversing the pool 1 time for 3 d.
After the water temperature has risen to 18 ℃, the bait organisms are replaced by bivalve shellfish (mixed feeding) spawning at high temperature, for example: the crassostrea gigas, the Philippines little clams and the Arca inflata reeve are mixed and fed (nutrition is supplemented), the number ratio of the Philippines parent snails to the bait organisms is not higher than 1:1, the residual bait shells are cleaned every day, and the bait organisms with corresponding numbers are supplemented.
7. Marking male and female
During the non-mating period, the rapana venosa cannot determine the male and female from morphological characteristics. During mating, as shown in fig. 1, the male and female shell openings are opposite, the gastropod is not attached or attached to the culture net cage in a small amount, the midfoot is easy to take out, the muscle and the shell have obvious gaps, and the connector is obvious, so that the best time for marking the male and female shells by using the clip type shellfish tag is provided.
In the daily pool inspection process, when the copulated rapana venosa parent snail is found, the copulated rapana venosa parent snail is gently taken out of the shellfish floating culture net cage, the sex marker is taken as the cross connector to judge the sex, the clamp type label is used for marking the sex rapidly, and then the shellfish floating culture net cage is put back.
8. Rejecting mating male snails
In the later pool inspection process, the marked male snails which are not mated are removed, namely, the mated male snails are removed.
9. Fast cooling
When the marked rapana venosa parent snails remained in the shellfish floating culture net cage account for more than 70% of the total number of rapana venosa parent snails remained in the shellfish floating culture net cage, the male snails are not removed, then the water temperature in the parent snail culture workshop is quickly reduced to 16 ℃ and kept stable (the temperature difference of the pond water day is not more than 0.5 ℃), and the purpose of quick temperature reduction is that: individual rapana venosa parent snails are prevented from spawning during this astronomical major tide.
10. The temperature is slowly raised for the second time
Checking lunar calendar date, and slowly raising the water temperature of the parent snail cultivation workshop to 20 ℃ and keeping stable (the temperature difference of the pond water day is not more than 0.5 ℃) at the temperature rise range of 0.5 ℃/d one day (the lunar calendar is the first four or nineteen) after the astronomical climax is finished in the step9, and changing water for 1 time in half a day.
After the water temperature is increased to 20 ℃, adding the chlorella liquid into the pool under the condition of keeping the animal bait organisms unchanged, and ensuring that the concentration of the chlorella in the pool is about 5 multiplied by 10 4 And (3) ind/mL, timely supplementing the chlorella liquid after changing water, and ensuring the concentration of the unicellular algae.
11. Preparing an oxytocic pool
In the same parent-screw cultivation workshop, a cement pool is randomly selected as an induced spawning pool, the water level is about 80cm, the water temperature of the induced spawning pool is maintained at 20 ℃, and the daily temperature difference of the pool water is not more than 0.5 ℃.
And sprinkling high-concentration benthic diatom algae liquid with navicular algae and oval algae as dominant communities into the induced spawning pond, and culturing in micro-flowing water after algae are attached.
12. Transferring the parent rapana venosa to an oxytocic pool
The method comprises the steps of supplementing the liquid of the Nicotiana microphylla algae into the induced spawning pond on the day before the coming of the next astronomical climax (the end of lunar calendar month or fourteen), and ensuring that the concentration of the Nicotiana microphylla algae in the pond is about 5 multiplied by 10 4 ind./mL。
Taking out the parent rapana venosa from the shellfish floating culture net cage, placing the parent rapana venosa in the spawning induction pool, wherein the density of the parent rapana venosa is 8-10 per m 3 。
After the rapana venosa parent snails are transferred into the spawning pond, water is added for 1 time in a micro-overflow mode every day, the rapana venosa parent snails which spawn are ensured not to be separated all the time when the water is added, and the water adding process lasts for 0.5h.
13. Egg taking bag
And (3) drying the water in the spawning induction pool one day (the first four or nineteen of lunar calendar) after the astronomical climax of the point in the step (12), carving the egg bag from the base of the egg handle along the pool wall by using a knife, and entering a subsequent hatching link.
Examples
And collecting the rapana venosa with the individual mass of 200+/-50 g as parent snails in a sea area of a smoke table ocean pasture (the water temperature of the day is 7.11 ℃) on day 12 and 7 of 2021 without damaging shells.
And (3) temporarily culturing the collected rapana venosa parent snails in a raft frame cage of the sea area according to the temporary culturing method recorded in the step (2) for 2021, 12 and 7 days until 2022, wherein the water temperature of the natural sea area is 6.21 ℃ on the same day.
And (3) withdrawing the parent rapana venosa from the sea area on 1 month and 5 days of 2022, and temporarily breeding the parent rapana venosa in a parent rapana venosa breeding workshop to 1 month and 15 days of 2022 according to the temporary breeding method described in the step (3).
And (3) after 2022, 1 month and 15 days, heating and ripening the parent rapana venosa for three times, specifically:
(1) 2022, 1 month and 15 days, according to the heating method and the feeding method described in the step4, heating and ripening the rapana venosa parent snails for the first time, changing water for 1 time in half a day, and cleaning the bottom for 1 time in 7 days;
(2) 2, 2022, 1 day, carrying out second heating and ripening on the parent rapana venosa according to the heating method and the feeding method described in the step5, wherein water is changed for 2 times in half a day, and the bottom is cleared for 1 time in 5 days;
(3) And 2022, during 2 months and 17 days, discovering that the rapana venosa parent snails have mating behavior in the daily pool inspection process, carrying out third heating and ripening on the rapana venosa parent snails according to the heating method and the feeding method recorded in the step6, changing water for 2 times in half a day, clearing the bottom 1 time for 3 days, enhancing pool inspection strength, marking male and female snails according to the marking method recorded in the step7 when observing the mated rapana venosa parent snails, in the later pool inspection process, removing male snails according to the removing method recorded in the step8, randomly selecting the number of marked parent snails after marking the male snails every day and removing the male snails, calculating whether the proportion of marked parent snails is 70% or not until 2022 months and 27 days (twenty-seven of lunar shellfish), randomly taking three floating culture net boxes, and calculating the proportion of marked parent snails to be 71.54+/-0.08%, and removing male snails.
The water in the pond is rapidly cooled according to the cooling method recorded in the step9 after the day (twenty-seven in lunar calendar) of 27 of 2022 is close to the astronomical climax, and the astronomical climax is avoided.
Starting from 3/6/2022 (beginning four of lunar calendar and ending of astronomical climax), the pond water is heated according to the heating method and feeding method described in step10, the rapana venosa parent screw is fed, and the water is changed for 1 time a half a day, and meanwhile, the induced spawning pond is prepared according to the operation method described in step 11.
The day 3 and 16 (lunar calendar of February fourteen) of 2022 are the day before the coming of astronomical climax, and the liquid of the Nicotiana microphylla is supplemented into the oxytocin pool, and the concentration of the Nicotiana microphylla in the pool is about 5 multiplied by 10 4 ind./mL, transfer the rapana venosa parent screw to the spawning pond according to the transfer method described in step12, then add water 1 time a day in a slightly overflowing way, ensure that the rapana venosa parent screw spawning is not separated all the time when adding water, the water adding process lasts for 0.5h, and from 2022, 3 months and 17 days, rapana venosa parent screw starts mass aggregation spawning (figure 2), and the concentrated spawning process is continued until the astronomical big tide is finished.
The day after the end of the astronomical climax is the 21 st 3 rd (the nineteenth lunar calendar), the day still has the time when the individual rapana venosa parent snails spawn near the egg group, but the spawning quantity is little, the water in the spawning induction pool is drained, the egg bag is taken according to the method described in the step13, the mature promotion and spawning induction work of the rapana venosa parent snails is ended, and the subsequent larva hatching cultivation link can be entered.
Comparative example 1
And collecting the parent rapana venosa from a sea area of a smoke table ocean pasture on the 6 th 18 th 2019, placing the parent rapana venosa in a net cage of a mariculture pond, and starting mating and spawning after 3-4 d. However, the spawning time is not concentrated, the spawning duration is as long as 21d, which brings great difficulty to the cultivation work of the larvae in the later period, and compared with the concentrated ripening acceleration method provided by the invention, the cultivation time is prolonged by 20d and the cultivation pool is additionally occupied by about 70 percent.
Comparative example 2
Collecting the rapana venosa egg group from a smoke table marine pasture sea area to a workshop for hatching on the 7 th and 9 th days of 2020, wherein a large number of larvae hatch on the day of 17:00 or so; however, the hatching time of the larvae in the later period is not concentrated, and the larvae still break membranes continuously until the period reaches 8 months and 3 days in 2020. As the bait species and the bait amount of the rapana venosa larvae at different stages are quite different, compared with the centralized ripening and spawning promotion method provided by the invention, the later-period management cost is increased by about 210%.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting to the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes or modifications which come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (10)
1. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of the rapana venosa in north China is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step1: when the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 10-12 ℃, collecting the rapana venosa parent snails;
step2: placing the parent rapana venosa in a raft frame cage in a sea area for temporary culture until the water temperature in the natural sea area is reduced to 6-8 ℃, and not feeding bait organisms in the period;
step3: temporarily culturing the rapana venosa parent snails in a parent snail culturing workshop, wherein the water temperature is consistent with the water temperature for temporary culture in the sea area, the temporary culture time lasts for 10 days, no bait organisms are fed in the period, and 1 time is changed for half a day;
step4: raising the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 12 ℃ with the temperature raising range of 0.5 ℃/d, keeping 5d, changing water 1 time per half a day, cleaning the bottom or pouring the water 1 time for 7d, and feeding a small amount of fresh Philippines clams and Mytilus edulis with the shell length not exceeding 3cm after the water temperature is raised to 10 ℃;
step5: raising the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 16 ℃ with the heating range of 1 ℃/d, changing water for 2 times per half a day, cleaning the bottom or reversing the pool for 1 time for 5 days, and feeding the parent snail cultivation workshop with the water temperature of more than 1 years old of crassostrea gigas, chlamys farreri and common mussels in a mixed mode after the water temperature is raised to 16 ℃;
step6: when the copulation behavior of the parent snails of the rapana venosa is observed, the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop is raised to 18 ℃ with the temperature rising range of 1 ℃/d, water is changed for 2 times in half a day, the bottom is cleared or the pond is reversed for 1 time in 3d, and the water temperature is raised to 18 ℃ and then the parent snails, the Philippines and the Arca inflata reevesii are mixed and fed;
step7: when the mating rapana venosa parent snail is found, the male and female are marked by the clip type label;
step8: in the later pool patrol process, the marked male snails which are not mated are removed;
step9: when the residual marked parent snails in the net cage account for more than 70% of the total number of the residual parent snails in the net cage, removing male snails, and then reducing the water temperature of a parent snail cultivation workshop to 16 ℃ with a temperature reduction range of 1 ℃/d, and continuing until the upcoming astronomical big tide is finished;
step10: one day after the astronomical climax of Step9 is finished, the water temperature of the parent snail cultivation workshop is increased to 20 ℃ with the temperature rising range of 0.5 ℃/d, 1 time of water is changed for half a day, and the water temperature is increased to 20 ℃ and then the microcystis polina algae liquid is added into the pond;
step11: selecting a cement pool as an induced spawning pool, sprinkling benthic diatom algae liquid into the induced spawning pool at the water temperature of 20 ℃, and culturing in micro-flowing water after algae are attached;
step12: supplementing the algae liquid of the Nicotiana microphylla into the spawning pond on the day before the coming of the next astronomical climax, and transferring the parent snails of the rapana macrophylla into the spawning pond with the density of 8-10 per m 3 ；
Step13: one day after the astronomical climax described in Step12 is finished, the water in the spawning induction pool is drained, and the egg bag is taken.
2. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa as defined in claim 1, wherein rapana venosa with a shell of no breakage and an individual mass of 200±50g is collected as parent rapana venosa in Step 1.
3. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa as defined in claim 1, wherein the temporary rearing density in Step2 is 60.+ -.10/m 3 。
4. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa as defined in claim 1, wherein in Step3, the cultivation density of rapana venosa parent snails is 7-10 per m based on the bottom area of the shellfish floating cultivation net cage 2 。
5. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa suitable for use in north China according to claim 1, wherein in Step4, the ratio of rapana venosa parent snails to bait organisms is 1:0.3, and the residual shells of the bait are cleaned every 2d, so that fresh bait organisms are supplemented.
6. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa suitable for use in north China according to claim 1, wherein in Step5, the ratio of rapana venosa parent snail to bait organism number is not higher than 1: and 0.5, cleaning the residual shells of the baits every day, and supplementing the baits with corresponding numbers of baits.
7. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa suitable for northern China according to claim 1, wherein in Step6, the number ratio of rapana venosa parent snails to bait organisms is not higher than 1:1, and the residual shells of the bait are cleaned every day to supplement the corresponding number of bait organisms.
8. The method for promoting maturation of rapana venosa suitable for use in north China as recited in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the microcystis poliana in the pool is 5 x 10 in Step10 4 And (3) ind/mL, timely supplementing the chlorella liquid after changing water, and ensuring the concentration of the unicellular algae.
9. The method for promoting maturation and oxytocic of rapana venosa suitable for use in north China according to claim 1, wherein in Step11, benthic diatom algae liquid is used with navicular and oval algae as dominant communities.
10. The method for promoting maturation and spawning of rapana venosa suitable for use in north China according to claim 1, wherein in Step12, water is slowly added 1 time per day in a slight overflow manner, water is added to ensure that the rapana venosa parent snails spawning are not separated from the water body all the time, and the water adding process lasts for 0.5h.
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