CN103120140A - Scallop cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN103120140A CN103120140A CN2013100735268A CN201310073526A CN103120140A CN 103120140 A CN103120140 A CN 103120140A CN 2013100735268 A CN2013100735268 A CN 2013100735268A CN 201310073526 A CN201310073526 A CN 201310073526A CN 103120140 A CN103120140 A CN 103120140A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to cultivation technology, in particular to a scallop cultivation method. The scallop is crassadoma gigantean and the original place of the scallop is Gulf of Mexico from Alaska to California southern part, and the scallop is demersal creature and suitable for a wide temperature range and belongs to eurythermal species. The scallop cultivation method belongs to the technical field of fishery cultivation and includes the following steps: artificial heating up and mature acceleration of parent scallops; ovulation and fertilization under artificial control; incubation under controlled temperature; artificial seed selection of D-type larvae; cultivation of planktonic larvae; adhering of creep larvae; artificial cultivation of juvenile scallops; outdoor (seaborne or cultivation pond) intermediate breeding of the juvenile scallops to young scallops; artificial cage-type cultivation of young scallops to adult scallops; base proliferation of the young scallops to the adult scallops; and plate-adhering cultivation from the young scallops to the adult scallops. The crassadoma gigantean is large in size, fast in growth speed, suitable for wide temperature range, large in vertical distribution range, suitable for introduction and cultivation in Liaoning and Shandong sea areas and wide in market prospect.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the fishery cultivating technical field, be specifically related to the cultural method of scallop.
Background technology:
Scallop is important economic cultivated shellfish, occupy critical role in China's mariculture industry, the introduction improvement of scallop improved Varieties is regenerated, to strengthen anti-adversity ability, solve the effective ways such as the degeneration of puzzlement scallop germplasm, heritability decline, individual miniaturization, lethality raising, the seed selection of instructing scallop seed rearing and improved Varieties is all had important practical significance.production practices for many years prove, Patinopecten yessoensis from external introduction, bay scallop, the kinds such as abalone, introduce by selection, domestication, breed, effectively promoted the great development of aquaculture, make the aquaculture production of seed breeding all form industrialization and scale, promoted fishery, the fishing zone, fisherman's increasing both production and income, manifested the importance that improved Varieties is introduced, more embodied the value of improved Varieties, make country, society, the fisherman has obtained income, definite says, good germplasm and seed are the bases that aquaculture is produced, strengthen the introduction of scallop improved Varieties, the reality that suits the marine organisms industry development, meet very much the requirement of modern marine pasture and modern marine Fisheries Development.
The rock scallop (
Crassadoma gigantea), its original producton location is the wide marine site in the Gulf of Mexico, Alaska to California south of North America, the end life of dwelling, vertical distribution from the intertidal zone to the dark seabed of 200m, comfort zone is wider, belongs to eurythermal species.The rock scallop is greatly individual, and growth is very fast, and thermophilic is wide, and the vertical distribution scope is large, strong adaptability, and cultivation is introduced a fine variety in suitable Liaoning, marine site, Shandong, and market prospects are wide, but present domestic rock scallop belongs to the cultivation blank.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned not enough problem, a kind of cultural method of scallop is provided, introduce rock scallop kind shellfish, set up rock scallop artificial breeding production new technique, commercial seedling reaches 300,000 pieces/m of output of seedling
3, promote the diversification of scallop culture kind, marine environment is not exerted an influence, drive shellfish aquatic breeding, processing industry development.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for achieving the above object is: a kind of cultural method of scallop cultivates according to following steps:
(1) plant the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish: from Vancouver, CAN marine site introduction rock scallop kind shellfish, wherein than being 2:1, male and female are foster temporarily respectively with male quantity for female individuals, and supporting temporarily density is every cube of water body 5-10; The parent shellfish enters behind the pond take the natural waters water temperature as the basis, first stablizes 2~3 days, if the sea area water temperature lower than 5 ℃, heats up 0.2~0.5 ℃ every day, stablizes 5~6 days when being raised to 5~6 ℃ of sea area water temperatures, is raised to gradually then that 8~10 ℃ of sea area water temperatures are stable to be waited to produce; If the sea area water temperature is higher than 5 ℃, 8~10 ℃ of sea area water temperatures are stable to be waited to produce but be raised to gradually 0.2~0.5 ℃ of every day;
(2) ovulation under Artificial Control, fertilization; Hatching under temperature control: through after accelerating, rock scallop kind shellfish sexual gland is full especially, and female shellfish sexual gland is Chinese red in salmon pink, and male shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, and the sexual gland index reached is more than 15%; When normally changing water or the discovery of falling the pond when a small amount of close shellfish discharging is arranged, then thermostatic control 2~3 days; If when normally changing water, the parent shellfish is discharged in a large number, just can carry out artificial induced spawning; Induced spawning method is: first close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5~1 hour, then put into the water than high 2~3 ℃ of former pond water temperature, male and female are separately discharged after 1~2 hour in a large number, sprinkle seminal fluid in spawning pond, there are 2~3 sperms to get final product around the microscopically ovum, execute immediately 2 * 10 after the end of laying eggs
-6With antibiotic and 3 * 10
-6EDTA; If the 1st time egg laying amount is inadequate, stay close shellfish and supported 3~5 days temporarily, close shellfish can be discharged again in a large number;
(3) artificially breeding of the D type young: the incubating oosperm under the ovulation under Artificial Control, fertilization carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, method with the flexible pipe siphon derives larva, and is concentrated with 250 order nets, then moves to cultivate the pond cultivation, cultivate density 8-10/ml, water temperature to 13~14 ℃;
(4) cultivation of floating larva: it is 8~10/milliliter that floating larva is cultivated Suitable Density, and cultivating water temperature is 16 ℃~18 ℃; Bait is take chrysophyceae as main, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 20,000-30,000/ml/ days, and larva mixes the flat algae of throwing something and feeding after growing to 130 μ m, and daily ration, feeding quantity is ten thousand of 0.03-0.2/ml/ days; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 3-5 days according to the water quality situation; Under the water temperature condition of 16-18 ℃ of left and right, if food species is fit to, quantity is satisfied the demand, and through the cultivation of about 20 days, the young just can be finished it and be swum life and metamorphosis is adhered to;
(5) crawl the adhering to of the young: when the young is finished its swim life and metamorphosis and adheres to, adopts suitable adherance to throw in the pond, the abnormal juvenile mollusk of confession adheres to; Swim life metamorphosis when adhering to when the young closes to an end, bear a stain and claim eyespot below its oral groove rear, balancer, nascent eyespot is little and irregular, and second and third sky becomes circular and apparent in view, and the appearance of eyespot is the sign that larval metamorphosis adheres to; Should reach 60% of total amount in eyespot young ratio and begin when above the opportunity of throwing in adherance; Before throwing in adherance, first fall the pond, then adopt the mode of jettisoninging, make as far as possible adherance evenly lay; To strengthen quantity of exchanged water after lower adherance and change the waterside number, increasing simultaneously daily ration, feeding quantity,
(6) artificial culture of juvenile mollusk: change water every day 2 times, each 1/2; Bait throwing in: chrysophyceae and/or diatom, flat algae, when adhering to the juvenile mollusk shell up to 500~600 microns, quantitative counting goes out pond to sea to be bred; Juvenile mollusk goes out when changing water before the pond to lower the temperature, and lowers the temperature 1~2 ℃ every day, is less than 5 ℃ until breed the marine site temperature difference with outdoor centre; With 50 purpose polyethylene mesh bags, specification is 50*30cm, every packed juvenile mollusk 3~50,000 left and right (adherance 100g left and right), and every 8-12 bag is fastened into one with nylon rope and is hung;
(7) the outdoor centre of juvenile mollusk-young shellfish is bred: adopt sea or culturing pool outdoor centre to breed, the centre of A. spat is bred; B. support temporarily the sea area, select the inner bay that water clear stream speed is slow, calm, bait is abundant; C. support temporarily time and a minute seedling, when spat grows into 0.3cm when above, with the screen net, the above individuality of 0.3cm is sifted out, pack into and support temporarily in cage; Continue to support temporarily in mesh bag less than the following person of 0.3cm, through screening again after a while; Spat is supported in cage temporarily and cultivated 3~4 months, should screen a minute seedling when shell is above up to 2-3cm, puts into to form cage and form; D. the method for breeding in the middle of, centre are bred common employing and are supported temporarily cage and breed; Support temporarily cage diameter 30cm left and right, be divided into 6~7 layers, interlamellar spacing 15cm, 4~5 millimeters of meshes; 0.5cm seed, put 1000 for every layer, the seed of 1cm is put 500 for every layer; 1.5cm above seed is put 200~300 for every layer; Long 60 meters floating well ropes can be hung 100 cages; E. between marine middle finishing period; And the time-division seedling, rationally dredge and support; Breed 2~3 meters of the depth of waters, should keep hanging at 8~10 meters water layers as water temperature over-high; F. going out pond specification and quality, shell is high 〉=2.0cm, specification qualification rate 〉=90%; Abnormal rate and disability lethality Zong He<=5%;
(8) cultivation of young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: adopt artificial cage cultivation, the end to broadcast in propagation or three kinds of cultivation modes of attached plate aquaculture at least a;
A. the artificial cage of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish cultivation: scallop shell is up to more than 5cm, minute seedling is packed into and is carried out scallop after forming in cage and form, when forming by the management of following condition: 1) regulate the cultivation water layer: be in water layer 3 meters below with cylinder mould spring, summer, the depth of water dropped to the water layer below 5 meters, sternly avoided cylinder mould simultaneously and sank to the bottom; 2) remove attachment: duty to scrub cylinder mould, the diligent attachment of removing shell avoids carrying out work under severe winter and hot conditions; 3) guarantee safety: between mature stage, because individuality is constantly grown up, need in time to adjust buoyancy, prevent that scaffold from sinking, observe shelf and lifting rope and guarantee safety; 4) change cage: along with the growth of scallop, adhere to the growth with perphyton, the current exchange is bad, in time performs the work of changing cylinder mould and the foster mesh of cylinder;
B. propagation is broadcast at the end of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: broadcasting specification at the bottom of the scallop seed should be more than 3.5cm, between the sowing time end in the middle of 1 year spring and autumn get final product, 20~25 every square metre of density are broadcast at the end, broadcast the sea area and select flowing water unobstructed at the end, the erbium material is abundant; Cay substrate preferably.
C. the attached plate aquaculture of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: the link plate of making 50*50cm with cement or other hard material, then reserve onboard diameter 5cm, the hole of dark 0.5cm, the young shellfish of the long 2-3cm of shell is put into the hole, then use the net set, after it adheres to naturally, remove net, give free rein to apposition growth.
It is healthy and strong, disease-free that described (1) plants the rock scallop kind shellfish of introducing in the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish, the high 10~15cm of shell, and in 2~4 ages, outward appearance is complete, aufwuch is few on not damaged, shell, the full light of gonad, Bei Zhu is thick, and outer embrane stretches.
Described (1) plants the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish, and it is main that scallop bait is mainly little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, is aided with appropriate spirulina powder, yeast, egg yolk, starch, sargassum thunbergii and grinds liquid etc. and substitute bait; According to water temperature, water colour, close shellfish ingest and developmental state is determined daily ration, feeding quantity, threw Micro Algae 100,000~500,000/milliliter in general day, threw something and fed once every 3~4 hours early stage, threw something and fed once every 1~2 hour after seeing ovum in water.
Crawl described (5), and suitable adherance adopts treated polythene net sheet in adhering to of the young, and injected volume is 3.5kg/m
3
Crawl adhering to of the young described (5), and after lower adherance, the week age young just can adhere to completely, and when there is no floating larva in the pond, net cage changes water and changes into and directly open bottom valve and change water.
The artificial culture of described (6) juvenile mollusk: bait throwing in: chrysophyceae: 2~30,000 cells/ml/ days, diatom: 2~30,000 cells/ml/ days, flat algae: 0.2~0.3 cell/ml/ days.
The outdoor centre of described (7) juvenile mollusk-young shellfish is bred: wherein want in the middle of the E. sea running check to float well rope, ball float, lifting rope during supporting temporarily between finishing period, form whether safety of cage, in time scrub cylinder mould, removing mud and aufwuch.
The cultivation of described (8) young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: wherein propagation is broadcast at the end of the described young shellfish of B.-one-tenth shellfish: at the bottom of the end broadcasts sea area substrate cay or chiltern, and 10-35 meters of the depth of waters.
The inventive method is unique, and the rock scallop of cultivation is individual large, and growth is very fast, and comfort zone is large, and the vertical distribution depth bounds is wide, and vitality is strong, is fit to the marine sites such as Liaoning, Shandong and introduces a fine variety cultivation.This kind scallop adductor-somatic index is high, and mouthfeel, taste and nutritive value are better than other scallop, and not enough in the original producton location stock number, supply falls short of demand in market, has good cultivation, processing, prospect of export.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of scallop cultivates according to following steps:
1. healthy and strong, disease-free from Vancouver, CAN marine site introduction, high 10~the 15cm of shell, in 2~4 ages, outward appearance is complete, aufwuch is few on not damaged, shell, the full light of gonad, Bei Zhu is thick, and outer embrane stretches, and plants 300 of shellfishes, wherein female individuals is 200,100 of males, male and female are supported respectively temporarily, and supporting temporarily density is every cube of water body 5-10.
2. close shellfish enters behind the pond take the natural waters water temperature as the basis, first stablizes 2~3 days, then heats up 0.2~0.5 ℃ every day, stablizes when being raised to 5~6 ℃ 5~6 days, then is raised to gradually 8~10 ℃ and stablely waits to produce.
3. close shellfish is supported to 30-35 days temporarily, and indivedual scallops are laid eggs, ejaculation as finding to have, and female shellfish is moved into other pond, and water temperature 12-13 ℃, female shellfish began to lay eggs about 1 hour; Several put into the Plastic Drum of 70L with male shellfish, begin ejaculation after 0.5 hour.Both be mixed into the insemination of pedestrian's work, fully stir, the sperm consumption has 3-5 sperm to be advisable with around each ovum of microscopy.
4. carry out seed selection with the concentrated method of siphon when incubating oosperm is to D shape larva, larva lays density 8-10/ml, and water temperature temperature to 13 ℃ constant temperature is cultivated;
5. to cultivate Suitable Density be 8~10/milliliter to floating larva, and cultivating water temperature is 16 ℃~18 ℃, and bait is take chrysophyceae as main, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 20,000-30,000/ml/ days, and larva mixes the flat algae of throwing something and feeding after growing to 130 μ m; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 3-5 days.
Whether normally observe the microscopy Larva Morpho. Logy every day, whether sufficiently ingest, grow whether rapidly.
6. throw in adherance when larva has 60% eyespot to occur in the pond, first fall the pond, throw in the polythene net sheet by 3.5 kilograms/m
3Water body is thrown in.Should strengthen quantity of exchanged water and daily ration, feeding quantity after throwing curtain, spatfall can adopt pipeline mode to change water after finishing.
7. sea area or cultivation circle are kept a full stand of seedings, and select 50 order polyethylene mesh bags.Can select the mesh bag of the different sizes such as 30cm * 50cm or 50cm * 70cm.When keep a full stand of seedings in the sea, tie 8~12 mesh bags on every rope, when the cultivation circle is kept a full stand of seedings, 4~6, every rope bundle bag.
8. grow into 0.3cm when above when spat, available screen net sifts out the above individuality of 0.3cm, packs into and supports in cage temporarily.Continue to support temporarily in mesh bag less than the following person of 0.3cm, through screening again after a while.Spat is supported in cage temporarily and cultivated 3~4 months, should screen a minute seedling when shell is above up to 2-3cm, puts into to form cage and form.
9. support temporarily cage diameter 30cm left and right, be divided into 8~12 layers, interlamellar spacing 15cm, 4~5 millimeters of meshes.0.5cm seed, put 1000 for every layer, the seed of 1cm is put 500 for every layer; 1.5cm above seed is put 200~300 for every layer.Long 60 meters floating well ropes can be hung 100 cages.
10. breed 2~3 meters of the depth of waters in the middle of the sea, should keep hanging at 8~10 meters water layers as water temperature over-high.Want running check to float well rope, ball float, lifting rope during supporting temporarily, form whether safety of cage, in time scrub cylinder mould, removing mud and aufwuch.
11. it is several layers of cylindrical cylinder mould that utilize the perforated plastic tray of polyethylene etting and diameter 30~35cm to make that scallop is raised in cages.Etting mesh size depending on scallop Individual Size be not to miss scallop as principle.Generally divide 8~12 layers, interlamellar spacing 20~25cm.30~35 of the every layer of spats that can put about 2cm.Can support 400 cages for every mu.6 meters left and right of suspension water layer.
12. broadcasting specification at the bottom of the scallop seed should be more than 3.5cm, density General Requirements every square metre of 20 left and right are broadcast at the end, substrate with cay or chiltern at the bottom of for well, 10-25 meters of the depth of waters are best.
13. the link plate of attached plate cultivation adopts the hard materials such as cement, plastics to make, specification is 50*50cm, and the seed size of " kind " seedling is advisable at 2-3cm.
By said method, the commercial seedling output of seedling can reach 300,000 pieces/m3, and calculate according to 2500 mu of scales the cultivation demonstration area, count 9000 culture raft frames, herds/layer calculating by 70 cages/raft, 20 layers/cage, 3, can gather in the crops 1,800 ten thousand pieces of scallops.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of scallop cultivates according to following steps:
(1) plant the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish: healthy and strong, disease-free from Vancouver, CAN marine site introduction, high 10~the 15cm of shell, in 2~4 ages, outward appearance is complete, aufwuch is few on not damaged, shell, the full light of gonad, Bei Zhu is thick, and outer embrane stretches, and plants 300 of shellfishes, wherein female individuals is 200,100 of males, male and female are supported respectively temporarily, and supporting temporarily density is every cube of water body 5-10.The parent shellfish enters behind the pond take the natural waters water temperature as the basis, first stablizes 2~3 days, then heats up 0.2~0.5 ℃ every day, stablizes when being raised to 5~6 ℃ 5~6 days, then is raised to gradually 8~10 ℃ and stablely waits to produce.It is main that bait is mainly little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, is aided with appropriate spirulina powder, yeast, egg yolk, starch, sargassum thunbergii and grinds liquid etc. and substitute bait.According to water temperature, water colour, close shellfish ingest and developmental state is determined daily ration, feeding quantity, threw Micro Algae 100,000~500,000/milliliter in general day, threw something and fed once every 3~4 hours early stage, threw something and fed once every 1~2 hour after seeing ovum in water.
(2) ovulation under Artificial Control, fertilization; Hatching under temperature control: after accelerating after a while, sexual gland is full especially, and female shellfish sexual gland is Chinese red in salmon pink, and male shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, and the sexual gland index reached is more than 15%.When normally changing water or the discovery of falling the pond when a small amount of close shellfish discharging is arranged, then thermostatic control 2~3 days; If when normally changing water, the parent shellfish is discharged in a large number, just can carry out artificial induced spawning.Method is: first close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5~1 hour, then put into the water than high 2~3 ℃ of former pond water temperature, male and female separately just can be discharged after 1~2 hour in a large number.Sprinkle a little seminal fluid in spawning pond, have 2~3 sperms to get final product around the microscopically ovum.Lay eggs and execute immediately 2 * 10 after finishing
-6Left and right and antibiotic and 3 * 10
-6The EDTA of left and right.If the 1st time egg laying amount is inadequate, can stay close shellfish and support 3~5 days temporarily, close shellfish can be discharged again in a large number.
(3) artificially breeding of the D type young: incubating oosperm carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, with the method for flexible pipe siphon, larva is derived, and is concentrated with 250 order nets, then moves to cultivate the pond and cultivate, and cultivates density 8-10/ml, water temperature to 13 ℃.。
(4) cultivation of floating larva: it is 8~10/milliliter that floating larva is cultivated Suitable Density, and cultivating water temperature is 16 ℃~18 ℃.Bait is take chrysophyceae as main, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 20,000-30,000/ml/ days, and larva mixes the flat algae of throwing something and feeding after growing to 130 μ m, and daily ration, feeding quantity is ten thousand of 0.03-0.2/ml/ days; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 3-5 days according to the water quality situation.
(5) crawl the adhering to of the young: under the water temperature condition of 16-18 ℃ of left and right, if food species is fit to, quantity is satisfied the demand, through the cultivation of about 20 days, the young just can finish its swim the life and metamorphosis is adhered to, need in time adopt this moment suitable adherance to throw in the pond, adhere to for abnormal juvenile mollusk.Swim life metamorphosis when adhering to when the young closes to an end, bear a stain and claim eyespot below its oral groove rear, balancer, nascent eyespot is little and irregular, and second and third sky becomes circular and apparent in view.After this Burden-Swimming Ability of KM weakens, and forms foot, and foot stretches out externally crawls to look for an opportunity to secrete byssus and adhere to.Therefore the appearance of eyespot, be the sign that larval metamorphosis adheres to, due to larval growth rate of development difference to some extent.The eyespot time occurring also has and early has lately, and should reach 60% in eyespot young ratio and begin when above the opportunity of therefore throwing in adherance.Adherance adopts treated polythene net sheet, and injected volume is 3.5kg/m
3Before input, first fall the pond, then adopt the mode of jettisoninging, make as far as possible adherance evenly lay.To strengthen quantity of exchanged water after lower adherance and change the waterside number, increase simultaneously daily ration, feeding quantity, after general lower adherance, the week age young just can adhere to complete, when there is no floating larva in the pond, can no longer change water with net cage and directly open bottom valve and change water, when adhering to the juvenile mollusk shell up to 600 microns left and right, but going out pond to sea, quantitative counting breeds, go out Chi Qianying and be down to gradually with the sea indoor water temperature basically identical.
(6) artificial culture of juvenile mollusk: 1, change water every day 2 times, each 1/2.2, bait throwing in: chrysophyceae: 30,000 cells/ml/ days, flat algae: 3000 cells/ml/ days.If chrysophyceae is not enough, available equivalent diatom replaces.3, juvenile mollusk goes out cooling before the pond, carries out when changing water.Each cooling is no more than 1 ℃, is less than 3 ℃ until breed the marine site temperature difference with outdoor centre.With 50 purpose polyethylene mesh bags, specification is 50*30cm, every packed juvenile mollusk 50,000 left and right (adherance 100g left and right), and every 8-12 bag is fastened into one with nylon rope and is hung.
(7) breed in the middle of juvenile mollusk-young shellfish outdoor (marine, culturing pool): the centre of A. spat is bred B. and is supported temporarily the sea area, selects the inner bay that water clear stream speed is slow, calm, bait is abundant.C. support temporarily time and a minute seedling, when spat grows into 0.3cm when above, available screen net sifts out the above individuality of 0.3cm, packs into and supports in cage temporarily.Continue to support temporarily in mesh bag less than the following person of 0.3cm, through screening again after a while.Spat is supported in cage temporarily and cultivated 3~4 months, should screen a minute seedling when shell is above up to 2-3cm, puts into to form cage and form.D. the method for breeding in the middle of, centre are bred common employing and are supported temporarily cage and breed.Support temporarily cage diameter 30cm left and right, be divided into 6~7 layers, interlamellar spacing 15cm, 4~5 millimeters of meshes.0.5cm seed, put 1000 for every layer, the seed of 1cm is put 500 for every layer; 1.5cm above seed is put 200~300 for every layer.Long 60 meters floating well ropes can be hung 100 cages.E. the management between marine middle finishing period, marine middle breeding is the key of Shortening culturing period, should reach the time-division seedling, rationally dredges foster.Generally breed 2~3 meters of the depth of waters, should keep hanging at 8~10 meters water layers as water temperature over-high.Want running check to float well rope, ball float, lifting rope during supporting temporarily, form whether safety of cage, in time scrub cylinder mould, removing mud and aufwuch.F. going out pond specification and quality, shell is high 〉=2.0cm, specification qualification rate 〉=90%; Abnormal rate and disability lethality Zong He<=5%.
(8) cultivation of young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: adopt artificial cage cultivation, the end to broadcast in propagation or three kinds of cultivation modes of attached plate aquaculture at least a;
The artificial cage cultivation of children shellfish-one-tenths shellfish: scallop shell is up to more than 5cm, and a minute seedling is packed into and carried out scallop after forming in cage and become foster.Form management: 1) regulate the cultivation water layer: be in water layer 3 meters below with cylinder mould spring, in case the assorted algae of mud scum adheres to.Adhere to for anti-mussel seedling summer, and the depth of water can drop to the water layer below 5 meters.Sink to the bottom but sternly avoid cylinder mould, in order to avoid wearing and tearing and harmful animal invasion and attack.2) remove attachment: duty to scrub cylinder mould, the diligent attachment of removing shell.Avoid carrying out work under severe winter and hot conditions.3) guarantee safety: between mature stage, because individuality is constantly grown up, need in time to adjust buoyancy, prevent that scaffold from sinking.Want the diligent whether safety of shelf and lifting rope of observing.Summer, severe winter, particularly spring tide between flood season, meets blast, the most easily sends out " sea ", can take in case of necessity to hang that to float windproof and dropstone windproof.4) change cage: along with the growth of scallop, adhere to the growth with perphyton, the current exchange is bad, therefore, should in time perform the work of changing cylinder mould and the foster mesh of cylinder.
Propagation is broadcast at the end of children shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: broadcasting specification at the bottom of the scallop seed should be more than 3.5cm, between the sowing time end in the middle of 1 year spring and autumn get final product, broadcast effect at the bottom of the spring that finishes before from the last ten-days period in April to mid-April best; Broadcast at the bottom of autumn from late October to mid-November and take second place.Density General Requirements every square metre of 20 left and right are broadcast at the end, and density is excessive, and growth rate is slower, and density is very few, unfavorable formation population advantage.Broadcast the sea area and generally select flowing water unobstructed at the end, and the erbium material is abundant, and as good, 10-35 meters of the depth of waters are best to substrate at the bottom of cay or the chiltern.
The attached plate aquaculture of children shellfish-one-tenths shellfish: can utilize left shell to adhere to hard surface (such as rock etc.) when the rock scallop grows to 2-3cm and live, utilize its this habit, can carry out the attached plate cultivation, method is: make the link plate of 50*50cm with cement or other hard material, then reserve onboard diameter 5cm, the hole of dark 0.5cm, the young shellfish of the long 2-3cm of shell is put into the hole, then use the net set, after it adheres to naturally, remove net, give free rein to apposition growth.
By said method, the commercial seedling output of seedling can reach 300,000 pieces/m3, and calculate according to 2500 mu of scales the cultivation demonstration area, count 9000 culture raft frames, herds/layer calculating by 70 cages/raft, 20 layers/cage, 3, can gather in the crops 1,800 ten thousand pieces of scallops.
Claims (8)
1. the cultural method of a scallop is characterized in that: cultivate according to following steps:
(1) plant the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish: from Vancouver, CAN marine site introduction rock scallop kind shellfish, wherein than being 2:1, male and female are foster temporarily respectively with male quantity for female individuals, and supporting temporarily density is every cube of water body 5-10; The parent shellfish enters behind the pond take the natural waters water temperature as the basis, first stablizes 2~3 days, if the sea area water temperature lower than 5 ℃, heats up 0.2~0.5 ℃ every day, stablizes 5~6 days when being raised to 5~6 ℃ of sea area water temperatures, is raised to gradually then that 8~10 ℃ of sea area water temperatures are stable to be waited to produce; If the sea area water temperature is higher than 5 ℃, 8~10 ℃ of sea area water temperatures are stable to be waited to produce but be raised to gradually 0.2~0.5 ℃ of every day;
(2) ovulation under Artificial Control, fertilization; Hatching under temperature control: through after accelerating, rock scallop kind shellfish sexual gland is full especially, and female shellfish sexual gland is Chinese red in salmon pink, and male shellfish sexual gland is creamy white, and the sexual gland index reached is more than 15%; When normally changing water or the discovery of falling the pond when a small amount of close shellfish discharging is arranged, then thermostatic control 2~3 days; If when normally changing water, the parent shellfish is discharged in a large number, just can carry out artificial induced spawning; Induced spawning method is: first close shellfish is washed down, dried in the shade 0.5~1 hour, then put into the water than high 2~3 ℃ of former pond water temperature, male and female are separately discharged after 1~2 hour in a large number, sprinkle seminal fluid in spawning pond, there are 2~3 sperms to get final product around the microscopically ovum, execute immediately 2 * 10 after the end of laying eggs
-6With antibiotic and 3 * 10
-6EDTA; If the 1st time egg laying amount is inadequate, stay close shellfish and supported 3~5 days temporarily, close shellfish can be discharged again in a large number;
(3) artificially breeding of the D type young: the incubating oosperm under the ovulation under Artificial Control, fertilization carries out seed selection during to D shape larva, method with the flexible pipe siphon derives larva, and is concentrated with 250 order nets, then moves to cultivate the pond cultivation, cultivate 8~10/ml of density, water temperature to 13~14 ℃;
(4) cultivation of floating larva: it is 8~10/milliliter that floating larva is cultivated Suitable Density, and cultivating water temperature is 16 ℃~18 ℃; Bait is take chrysophyceae as main, and daily ration, feeding quantity is 20,000-30,000/ml/ days, and larva mixes the flat algae of throwing something and feeding after growing to 130 μ m, and daily ration, feeding quantity is ten thousand of 0.03-0.2/ml/ days; Change water twice every day, change water 50% at every turn, fell the pond once in 3-5 days according to the water quality situation; Under the water temperature condition of 16-18 ℃ of left and right, if food species is fit to, quantity is satisfied the demand, and through the cultivation of about 20 days, the young just can be finished it and be swum life and metamorphosis is adhered to;
(5) crawl the adhering to of the young: when the young is finished its swim life and metamorphosis and adheres to, adopts suitable adherance to throw in the pond, the abnormal juvenile mollusk of confession adheres to; Swim life metamorphosis when adhering to when the young closes to an end, bear a stain and claim eyespot below its oral groove rear, balancer, nascent eyespot is little and irregular, and second and third sky becomes circular and apparent in view, and the appearance of eyespot is the sign that larval metamorphosis adheres to; Should reach 60% of total amount in eyespot young ratio and begin when above the opportunity of throwing in adherance; Before throwing in adherance, first fall the pond, then adopt the mode of jettisoninging, make as far as possible adherance evenly lay; To strengthen quantity of exchanged water after lower adherance and change the waterside number, increasing simultaneously daily ration, feeding quantity;
(6) artificial culture of juvenile mollusk: change water every day 2 times, each 1/2; Bait throwing in: chrysophyceae and/or diatom, flat algae; When adhering to the juvenile mollusk shell up to 500~600 microns, quantitative counting goes out pond to sea to carry out the centre and breeds; Juvenile mollusk goes out when changing water before the pond to lower the temperature, and lowers the temperature 1~2 ℃ every day, is less than 5 ℃ until breed the marine site temperature difference with outdoor centre; With 50 purpose polyethylene mesh bags, specification is 50*30cm, every packed juvenile mollusk 3~50,000, and every 8-12 bag is fastened into one with nylon rope and is hung;
(7) the outdoor centre of juvenile mollusk-young shellfish is bred: adopt sea or culturing pool outdoor centre to breed, the centre of A. spat is bred; B. support temporarily the sea area, select the inner bay that water clear stream speed is slow, calm, bait is abundant; C. support temporarily time and a minute seedling, when spat grows into 0.3cm when above, with the screen net, the above individuality of 0.3cm is sifted out, pack into and support temporarily in cage; Continue to support temporarily in mesh bag less than the following person of 0.3cm, through screening again after a while; Spat is supported in cage temporarily and cultivated 3~4 months, should screen a minute seedling when shell is above up to 2-3cm, puts into to form cage and form; D. the method for breeding in the middle of, centre are bred common employing and are supported temporarily cage and breed; Support temporarily cage diameter 30cm left and right, be divided into 6~7 layers, interlamellar spacing 15cm, 4~5 millimeters of meshes; 0.5cm seed, put 1000 for every layer, the seed of 1cm is put 500 for every layer; 1.5cm above seed is put 200~300 for every layer; Long 60 meters floating well ropes can be hung 100 cages; E. between marine middle finishing period; And the time-division seedling, rationally dredge and support; Breed 2~3 meters of the depth of waters, should keep hanging at 8~10 meters water layers as water temperature over-high; F. going out pond specification and quality, shell is high 〉=2.0cm, specification qualification rate 〉=90%; Abnormal rate and disability lethality Zong He<=5%;
(8) cultivation of young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: adopt artificial cage cultivation, the end to broadcast in propagation or three kinds of cultivation modes of attached plate aquaculture at least a;
A. the artificial cage of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish cultivation: scallop shell is up to more than 5cm, minute seedling is packed into and is carried out scallop after forming in cage and form, when forming by the management of following condition: 1) regulate the cultivation water layer: be in water layer 3 meters below with cylinder mould spring, summer, the depth of water dropped to the water layer below 5 meters, sternly avoided cylinder mould simultaneously and sank to the bottom; 2) remove attachment: duty to scrub cylinder mould, the diligent attachment of removing shell avoids carrying out work under severe winter and hot conditions; 3) guarantee safety: between mature stage, because individuality is constantly grown up, need in time to adjust buoyancy, prevent that scaffold from sinking, observe shelf and lifting rope and guarantee safety; 4) change cage: along with the growth of scallop, adhere to the growth with perphyton, the current exchange is bad, in time performs the work of changing cylinder mould and etting mesh;
B. propagation is broadcast at the end of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: broadcasting specification at the bottom of the scallop seed should be more than 3.5cm, between the sowing time end in the middle of 1 year spring and autumn get final product, 20~25 every square metre of density are broadcast at the end, broadcast the sea area and should select flowing water unobstructed at the end, the erbium material is abundant, preferably the cay substrate;
C. the attached plate aquaculture of described young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: the link plate of making 50*50cm with cement or other hard material, then reserve onboard diameter 5cm, the hole of dark 0.5cm, the young shellfish of the long 2-3cm of shell is put into the hole, then use the net set, after it adheres to naturally, remove net, give free rein to apposition growth.
2. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is healthy and strong, disease-free that described (1) plants the rock scallop kind shellfish of introducing in the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish, high 10~the 15cm of shell, 2~4 ages, outward appearance is complete, aufwuch is few on not damaged, shell, the full light of gonad, Bei Zhu is thick, and outer embrane stretches.
3. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described (1) plants the artificial intensification accelerating of shellfish, it is main that scallop bait is mainly little Nitzschia closterium minutissima, is aided with appropriate spirulina powder, yeast, egg yolk, starch, sargassum thunbergii and grinds liquid etc. and substitute bait; According to water temperature, water colour, close shellfish ingest and developmental state is determined daily ration, feeding quantity, threw Micro Algae 100,000~500,000/milliliter in general day, threw something and fed once every 3~4 hours early stage, threw something and fed once every 1~2 hour after seeing ovum in water.
4. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: crawl described (5), and suitable adherance adopts treated polythene net sheet in adhering to of the young, and injected volume is 3.5kg/m
3
5. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: crawl adhering to of the young described (5), after lower adherance, the week age young just can adhere to completely, and when there is no floating larva in the pond, net cage changes water and changes into and directly open bottom valve and change water.
6. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the artificial culture of (6) juvenile mollusk: bait throwing in: chrysophyceae: 2~30,000 cells/ml/ days, and diatom: 2~30,000 cells/ml/ days, flat algae: 0.2~0.3 cell/ml/ days.
7. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outdoor centre of described (7) juvenile mollusk-young shellfish is bred: wherein want in the middle of the E. sea running check to float well rope, ball float, lifting rope during supporting temporarily between finishing period, form whether safety of cage, in time scrub cylinder mould, remove mud and aufwuch.
8. the cultural method of a kind of scallop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cultivation of described (8) young shellfish-one-tenth shellfish: wherein propagation is broadcast at the end of the described young shellfish of B.-one-tenth shellfish: at the bottom of the end broadcasts sea area substrate cay or chiltern, 10-35 meters of the depth of waters.
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