CN111758620A - Out-of-season breeding method for micropterus salmoides - Google Patents

Out-of-season breeding method for micropterus salmoides Download PDF

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CN111758620A
CN111758620A CN202010700770.2A CN202010700770A CN111758620A CN 111758620 A CN111758620 A CN 111758620A CN 202010700770 A CN202010700770 A CN 202010700770A CN 111758620 A CN111758620 A CN 111758620A
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pond
water
fry
cement
feeding
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CN111758620B (en
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朱传坤
余祥胜
潘正军
王辉
常国亮
丁怀宇
聂孝燕
吴楠
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Huaiyin Normal University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention discloses an out-of-season breeding method of micropterus salmoides, which comprises the following steps: s1, pond preparation: the area of the pond is 5-8 mu, after the pond water is drained, the thickness of sludge in the pond is kept at 8-12cm, the accumulated water in the pond is kept at about 5-15cm, 150 Kg/mu of quicklime is used for cleaning the pond, after the pond is cleaned for 7-14 days, water is injected into the pond, the water injection depth is 0.8-1.8m, and a net cage is arranged in the pond. The invention cultivates the lateolabrax salmoides water bloom in autumn by the net cage, and can effectively improve the survival rate of the water bloom; secondly, the bait utilization rate can be improved through the cement pond cultivation, and the physique of the fry can be effectively enhanced; finally, proper growth temperature is provided for the fry in winter through greenhouse and boiler temperature control technologies, so that the fry can be maintained in a rapid growth state to grow into large-sized fries. The anti-season breeding technology for the large-scale micropterus salmoides provides technical support for the production of the large-scale micropterus salmoides, and has important significance for promoting transformation and upgrading of the breeding mode of micropterus salmoides in northern areas.

Description

Out-of-season breeding method for micropterus salmoides
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fingerling cultivation in aquaculture, and particularly relates to an out-of-season cultivation method for large-size micropterus salmoides.
Background
Lateolabrax japonicas (Lateolabrax japonicas) of academic nameMicropterus salmoides) Belongs to the genus Lateolabrax, the family Sunglyudae and the genus Lateolabrax, originally produced in the water system of Missippi river, California, USA, introduced from Guangdong province in 1983 to develop breeding tests in China, and successfully propagated artificially in 1985. The fish has the advantages of tender meat, delicious taste, no muscle prick, fast growth, easy capture, wide suitable temperature, strong disease resistance and the like, is gradually accepted by consumers and farmers, and becomes a valuable economic fish. At present, the culture of the Lateolabrax japonicas in China is intensively distributed in southern provinces such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Fujian, and the culture yield can reach 50%.
In the northern area, the average air temperature is lower than that in the southern area, the growth time of the fry is short, and the fry of the next pond cannot be listed in the market in the same year, so the commercial culture of the micropterus salmoides has the problems of long culture period, high cost and the like. If large-scale fish seeds can be put in the spring, the fish seeds can be bred to be on the market in 9 months, and at the moment, the breeding profit of the micropterus salmoides is greatly improved at the peak time of the market price. However, in the northern area, the gap of the number of large-size fish species of 10-15 cm in the pond season of the fish fry is huge, one fish fry is difficult to demand, and the price is high, so that the culture demand cannot be met. Therefore, if a large-specification fish breeding technology which is bred when the large-specification fish is taken out of the pond in spring can be developed, the market gap of the large-specification fish can be effectively made up, and the technical problem that the current northern regional micropterus salmoides cannot reach the marketing specification in the year of breeding is greatly solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an anti-season breeding method for micropterus salmoides, namely a technical method for controlling the temperature in a greenhouse from autumn water bloom pond breeding, fry cement pond breeding and large-size micropterus salmoides breeding is provided, technical support is provided for the current year breeding and marketing of micropterus salmoides in northern areas, and the problems in the background art can be effectively solved.
The following feeding rate means the amount of feed to be fed in a percentage based on the total weight of the cultured aquatic animals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an out-of-season breeding method for micropterus salmoides comprises the following steps:
s1, pond preparation: the area of the pond is 5-8 mu, after the pond water is drained, the thickness of sludge in the pond is kept at 8-12cm, the accumulated water in the pond is kept at about 5-15cm, 150 Kg/mu of quicklime is used for cleaning the pond, after 7-14 days of cleaning the pond, water is injected into the pond, the water injection depth is 0.8-1.8m, and a net cage is arranged in the pond;
s2, culturing micropterus salmoides in a net cage: purchasing water bloom from south at the beginning of 8-9 months for Micropterus salmoides, after the water bloom is transported, placing the fry and fry bags in a net cage in S1 for 12-18 min, then releasing the fry into the net cage, after the water bloom is placed in a pond for 1 day, feeding by rotifers, wherein the feeding rate is 3-5 times per day, the feeding rate is 3-4%, when the fry grows to about 1-1.5 cm in 2-3 days, catching large-scale twigs and feeding is carried out, the feeding rate is 4-6%, and the feeding rate is 3-5 times per day;
s3, cement pond cultivation: the bottom area of the cement pool is 60-70 m2When the fish fry in S2 grows to 4-6 ten thousand tails/Kg and the body length is 2-2.5 cm, the fish fry is transferred to a cement pond for cultivation, the water depth is controlled to be 0.8-1 m, and the stocking density is 0.4-0.6 ten thousand tails/m3After stocking, circulating water flow, aerating and oxygenating, and feeding baits such as large twigs and tubificidae for 3-5 times per day, wherein the bait feeding rate is 4% -6%; after the cultivation in the cement pond for 26-31 days and the body length is 3-5 cm, feeding with the feed for domestication is started.
S4, greenhouse temperature control cultivation: culturing the fish fry to 10 middle-month, covering and buckling a plastic greenhouse above the cement pond, controlling the water temperature in the cement pond in the greenhouse to be 16-22 ℃, controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4-6 mg/L, controlling the feeding rate to be 4-6%, controlling the feeding frequency to be 3-5 times/day, and increasing the feeding rate to be 6-9% and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L after culturing for 4-6 days;
s5, heating and temperature control cultivation: when the fish is cultivated to the beginning of 11 months, the water for cultivation is heated and flows into each cultivation cement pond through a circulating system, the water temperature of the cement ponds is maintained at 16-22 ℃, the bait is thrown for 3-5 times every day, the bait throwing rate is increased to 9% -11% according to the growth condition of the fish fry, the photosynthetic bacteria are sprinkled once every 7-12 days, and the application amount is 100 mL/pond.
S6, temporarily culturing in a pond; and (3) culturing the fry in the cement pond to 3 middle ten days of the next year, stopping controlling the temperature when the outdoor water temperature can be stabilized above 15 ℃, removing the plastic greenhouse after 3-5 days to enable the micropterus salmoides in the cement pond to adapt to the external temperature, and transferring the micropterus salmoides into the pond for temporary culture to adapt to pond culture.
Further, the pond water was filtered by a 60-mesh screen when the water was poured in the S1.
Further, the net cage of S1 is made of polyethylene net sheet with size of 80-90 m of bottom area2And the height is 1.2-2.0 m.
Preferably, the S3 domestication adopts a method of manually throwing the special crushed batch for the Micropterus salmoides at fixed time and fixed point, the throwing is stopped once and for a small number of times, the domestication time is 40-70 minutes each time, and the domestication period is 5-10 days.
Further, after the culture of the S3 cement pond and before the temperature-controlled cultivation of the S4 greenhouse, stopping feeding for 1 day, sieving and grading the fry, and respectively feeding the big, medium and small fries in different cement ponds, wherein the fry density is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 ten thousand tails/m3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention cultivates the lateolabrax salmoides water bloom in autumn by the net cage, and can effectively improve the survival rate of the water bloom; secondly, the bait utilization rate can be improved through the cement pond cultivation, and the physique of the fry can be effectively enhanced; finally, proper growth temperature is provided for the fry in winter through greenhouse and boiler temperature control technologies, so that the fry can be maintained in a rapid growth state to grow into large-sized fries. The anti-season breeding technology for the large-scale micropterus salmoides provides technical support for the production of the large-scale micropterus salmoides, and has important significance for promoting transformation and upgrading of the breeding mode of micropterus salmoides in northern areas.
The invention solves the technical problem that the micropterus salmoides fry bred in autumn grow slowly in low temperature seasons, and can keep the fry at a higher growth rate all the time by the temperature-controlled breeding technology;
the method can effectively avoid the impact of cold tide and freeze injury in low-temperature seasons on the large-scale breeding of the micropterus salmoides, and ensure the stable yield of the fingerlings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The anti-season micropterus salmoides breeding method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 Pond preparation
The area of a pond for culturing the water bloom is 5 mu, after the pond water is drained, redundant sludge is removed, the thickness of the sludge in the pond is kept about 10 cm, the accumulated water in the pond is about 10 cm, the pond is cleaned by using 100 Kg/mu of quick lime, water is injected into the pond after 7 days of pond cleaning, the water entering the pond is filtered by using a 60-mesh screen during water injection, the water injection depth is 1 m, 10 m multiplied by 8m multiplied by 1.2 m net cages are arranged in the pond by using 60-mesh polyethylene net plates, and 2 net cages are arranged in total.
Micropterus salmoides water-flower net cage culture
And (3) purchasing 100 ten thousand pieces of micropterus salmoides water bloom from the Wujiang district of Suzhou in 2019 in 8 and 25 months, after the water bloom is transported, placing the fry and the fry bag in a pond net cage for 12 min to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is consistent with the water temperature of the pond, and then placing the water bloom into the net cage from the bag. Feeding by rotifers for 1 day after the water bloom is discharged into the pond, wherein the feeding is carried out for 5 times every day, and the bait feeding rate is 3 percent. When the average body length of the fry is 1.0 cm after 3 days of feeding, catching the large-scale twigs and feeding, wherein the bait feeding rate is 4 percent and the number of times of each day is 3.
Culturing in cement pond
When the fry grows to 4 ten thousand tails/Kg, the average body length is 2.06 cm, the fry is transferred to a cement pond for cultivation, the survival rate of the water bloom is estimated by sampling and weighing in the transfer process, about 46 ten thousand tails survive totally, and the survival rate is 46.0%. The fish fry culturing cement ponds have the size of 8m multiplied by 8m, the water depth of 1 m and the stocking density of about 23 ten thousand tails per pond, and are all stocked in 2 cement ponds, after stocking, the water flowing system is opened in the cement ponds, a water outlet is filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk, the flow rate is 0.1 m/s, a turbine aerator is used for aeration and oxygenation, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be more than 5 mg/L, the large cladocera and tubificidae are fed with baits, the bait feeding rate is 4 percent, and the fish fry culturing cement ponds are fed for 4 times every day.
After the fry is cultured in a cement pond for 4 weeks, the average body length reaches 4.38 cm, the fry starts to be domesticated, the domesticated fry adopts special compound feed (produced and manufactured by Huaian Zhongda feed Co., Ltd.) for the micropterus salmoides with the grain size of 0.1 cm, a method of manual throwing at fixed time and fixed point is adopted, the fry stops for 5 minutes after throwing the feed once, and then is thrown for a second time and a small amount of times, the feeding rate of the domesticated fry is 4%, the fry is fed from 9 to 10 points every day, the fry is insist on feeding every day, after 1 week of domestication, the fry is adapted to the compound feed, and then the fry is fed by the compound feed. After 2 weeks of feeding, the fry are found to have obvious size difference, and the feeding is stopped for 1 day. And (3) pulling a net on the next day, sieving and grading the fry by using fish sieves with the mesh widths of 1.5 cm, 2cm and 3 cm, respectively, feeding the large, medium and small fries in different cement ponds, and controlling the fry density to be 12 thousands of fries per pond.
Greenhouse temperature control cultivation
And when the fry are cultured for 10 months and 20 days, covering and buckling a plastic greenhouse above the cement pond, and controlling the temperature of water in the cement pond in the greenhouse to be about 20 ℃. Feeding 4 times every day, randomly selecting 20 fish fries every 5 days, sampling and weighing the fish fries, increasing the feeding rate to 6% according to the growth condition of the fish fries, patrolling 5 times every day, timely removing dirt and residual bait in the pond, and keeping the dissolved oxygen in the pond above 5 mg/L.
Heating temperature-controlled cultivation
Culturing for 11 and 8 days, wherein the outdoor highest temperature is lower than 15 ℃, starting to intensively heat the culture water by a boiler, keeping the water temperature at about 20 ℃, enabling the water to flow into each culture cement pond through a circulating system pipeline, feeding for 4 times every day, increasing the feeding rate to 10% according to the growth condition of fish fries, moving the pond for one time in the morning, in the middle and in the evening every day, timely removing dirt and residual feed in the pond, keeping the water quality in the pond fresh, and spraying photosynthetic bacteria once every 10 days to improve the water quality, wherein the application amount is 120 mL per pond.
Temporary culture in pond
The fry is cultivated in a cement pond by a boiler for 3 months and 20 days in 2020, at the moment, the temperature of outdoor water is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, the boiler is stopped, the plastic greenhouse is removed in 26 days in 3 months, so that micropterus salmoides in the cement pond are adaptive to the external temperature, 100 individuals are randomly extracted for weighing growth indexes, the total weight is 2.65 Kg, the specification reaches 38 tails/Kg, the average body length is 14.32 cm, 34 ten thousand of large-size fingerlings of 10-15 cm are co-cultured, and the survival rate of the fingerlings cultivated in the cement pond reaches 73.9%.
Example 2
The anti-season micropterus salmoides breeding method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 Pond preparation
The area of a pond for culturing the water bloom is 7 mu, after the pond water is drained, redundant sludge is removed, the thickness of the sludge in the pond is kept about 10 cm, about 10 cm of accumulated water is reserved in the pond, 125 Kg/mu of quick lime is used for cleaning the pond, water is injected into the pond after the pond is cleaned for 10 days, the water entering the pond is filtered by a 60-mesh screen during water injection, the water injection depth is 1 m, 10 m multiplied by 8m multiplied by 1.2 m net cages are arranged in the pond by 60-mesh polyethylene net plates, and 2 net cages are arranged in total.
Micropterus salmoides water-flower net cage culture
And (3) purchasing 120 thousands of lateolabrax japonicus water blossoms from the Wujiang district of Suzhou in 2019 in 8 and 25 months, after the water blossoms are transported, placing the fry and the fry bag into a pond net cage for 15 min to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is consistent with the water temperature in the pond, and then placing the water blossoms into the net cage from the bag. Feeding by rotifers for 1 day after the water bloom is discharged into the pond, wherein the feeding is carried out for 5 times every day, and the bait feeding rate is 3.5 percent. When the average body length of the fry is 1.12 cm after 3 days of feeding, catching the large-scale twigs and feeding, wherein the bait feeding rate is 5 percent and 3 times per day.
Culturing in cement pond
When the fish fry grows to 5 ten thousand tails/Kg, the average body length is 2.15 cm, the fish fry is transferred to a cement pond for cultivation, the survival rate of the water bloom is estimated by sampling and weighing in the transferring process, about 56 thousand tails survive totally, and the survival rate is 46.7%. The fish fry culturing cement ponds have the size of 8m multiplied by 8m, the water depth of 1 m and the stocking density of about 28 thousand tails per pond, and are all stocked in 2 cement ponds, after stocking, the water flowing system is opened in the cement ponds, a water outlet is filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk, the flow rate is 0.1 m/s, a turbine aerator is used for aeration and oxygenation, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be more than 5 mg/L, the large cladocera and tubificidae are fed with baits, the bait feeding rate is 5 percent, and the fish fry culturing cement ponds are fed for 4 times every day.
After the fry is cultured in a cement pond for 4 weeks, the average body length reaches 4.33 cm, the fry starts to be domesticated, the domesticated fry adopts special compound feed (produced and manufactured by Huaian Zhongda feed Co., Ltd.) for the micropterus salmoides with the grain size of 0.1 cm, a method of manual throwing at fixed time and fixed point is adopted, the fry stops for 5 minutes after throwing the feed once, and then is thrown for a second time and a small amount of times, the feeding rate of the domesticated fry is 5%, the fry is fed from 9 to 10 points every day, the fry is insist on feeding every day, after 1 week of domestication, the fry is adapted to the compound feed, and then the fry is fed by the compound feed. After 2 weeks of feeding, the fry are found to have obvious size difference, and the feeding is stopped for 1 day. And (3) pulling a net on the next day, sieving and grading the fry by using fish sieves with the mesh widths of 1.5 cm, 2cm and 3 cm, respectively, feeding the large, medium and small fries in different cement ponds, and controlling the fry density to be 15 thousands of fish in each pond.
Greenhouse temperature control cultivation
And when the fry are cultured for 10 months and 20 days, covering and buckling a plastic greenhouse above the cement pond, and controlling the temperature of water in the cement pond in the greenhouse to be about 20 ℃. Feeding 4 times every day, randomly selecting 20 fish fries every 5 days, sampling and weighing the fish fries, increasing the feeding rate to 8% according to the growth condition of the fish fries, patrolling 5 times every day, timely removing dirt and residual bait in the pond, and keeping the dissolved oxygen in the pond above 5 mg/L.
Heating temperature-controlled cultivation
Culturing for 11 months and 8 days, wherein the outdoor maximum temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and the water for culturing is heated intensively by a boiler to keep the water temperature at 20 ℃, and flows into each cement pond for culturing through a circulating system pipeline. Feeding 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding rate to 10% according to the growth condition of the fry. The pond is patrolled once in the morning, in the middle and at night every day, dirt and residual bait in the pond are removed in time, the water quality in the pond is kept fresh, photosynthetic bacteria are splashed once every 10 days, the water quality is improved, and the application amount is 120 mL per pond.
Temporary culture in pond
The fry is cultivated in a cement pond by a boiler for 3 months and 20 days in 2020, at the moment, the temperature of outdoor water is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, the boiler is stopped, the plastic greenhouse is removed in 26 days in 3 months, so that micropterus salmoides in the cement pond are adaptive to the external temperature, 100 individuals are randomly extracted for weighing growth indexes, the total weight is 2.65 Kg, the specification reaches 38 tails/Kg, the average body length is 14.32 cm, 44 thousands of large-size fingerlings of 10-15 cm are co-cultured, and the survival rate of the fingerlings cultivated in the cement pond reaches 78.6%.
Example 3
The anti-season micropterus salmoides breeding method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 Pond preparation
The area of a pond for culturing the water blossoms is 8 mu, after the pond water is drained, redundant sludge is removed, the thickness of the sludge in the pond is kept about 10 cm, about 10 cm of accumulated water is reserved in the pond, 150 Kg/mu of quick lime is used for cleaning the pond, after the pond is cleaned for 10 days, water is injected into the pond, the water entering the pond is filtered by a 60-mesh screen during water injection, the water injection depth is 1 m, 10 m multiplied by 8m multiplied by 1.2 m net cages are arranged in the pond by 60-mesh polyethylene net plates, and 2 net cages are arranged in total.
Micropterus salmoides water-flower net cage culture
And (3) purchasing 120 thousands of lateolabrax japonicus water blossoms from the Wujiang district of Suzhou in 2019 in 8 and 25 months, after the water blossoms are transported, placing the fry and the fry bag into a pond net cage for 18 min to ensure that the water temperature in the bag is consistent with the water temperature in the pond, and then placing the water blossoms into the net cage from the bag. Feeding by rotifers for 1 day after the water bloom is discharged into the pond, wherein the feeding is carried out for 5 times every day, and the bait feeding rate is 4 percent. When the average length of the fry is 1.12 cm after 3 days of feeding, the large-scale twigs are caught and fed, the bait feeding rate is 6 percent, and the number of times of each day is 3.
Culturing in cement pond
When the fry grows to 5 ten thousand tails/Kg, the average body length is 2.15 cm, the fry is transferred to a cement pond for cultivation, the survival rate of the water bloom is estimated by sampling and weighing in the transfer process, about 62 thousand tails survive totally, and the survival rate is 51.7%. The fish fry culturing cement pond is 9 m multiplied by 9 m in size, the water depth is 1.1 m, the stocking density is about 31 ten thousand tails per pond, the fish fry culturing cement pond is stocked in 2 cement ponds in total, a water flowing system is started after stocking, a water outlet is filtered by 60-mesh bolting silk, the flow rate is 0.1 m/s, a turbine aerator is used for aeration and oxygenation, the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be more than 5 mg/L, large twigs and tubificidaes of baits are fed, the bait feeding rate is 6%, and the fish fry culturing cement pond is fed for 4 times every day.
After the fry is cultured in a cement pond for 4 weeks, the average body length reaches 4.33 cm, the fry starts to be domesticated, the domesticated fry adopts special compound feed (produced and manufactured by Huaian Zhongda feed Co., Ltd.) for the micropterus salmoides with the grain size of 0.1 cm, a method of manual throwing at fixed time and fixed point is adopted, the fry stops for 5 minutes after throwing the feed once, and then is thrown for a second time and a small amount of times, the feeding rate of the domesticated fry is 5%, the fry is fed from 9 to 10 points every day, the fry is insist on feeding every day, after 1 week of domestication, the fry is adapted to the compound feed, and then the fry is fed by the compound feed. After 2 weeks of feeding, the fry are found to have obvious size difference, and the feeding is stopped for 1 day. And (3) pulling a net on the next day, sieving and grading the fry by using fish sieves with the mesh widths of 1.5 cm, 2cm and 3 cm, respectively, feeding the large, medium and small fries in different cement ponds, and controlling the fry density to be 19 thousands of fries per pond.
Greenhouse temperature control cultivation
And when the fry are cultured for 10 months and 20 days, covering and buckling a plastic greenhouse above the cement pond, and controlling the temperature of water in the cement pond in the greenhouse to be about 20 ℃. Feeding 4 times every day, randomly selecting 20 fish fries every 5 days, sampling and weighing the fish fries, increasing the feeding rate to 10% according to the growth condition of the fish fries, patrolling 5 times every day, timely removing dirt and residual bait in the pond, and keeping the dissolved oxygen in the pond above 5 mg/L.
Heating temperature-controlled cultivation
Culturing for 11 months and 8 days, wherein the outdoor maximum temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and the water for culturing is heated intensively by a boiler to keep the water temperature at 20 ℃, and flows into each cement pond for culturing through a circulating system pipeline. Feeding 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding rate to 11% according to the growth condition of the fry. The pond is patrolled once in the morning, in the middle and at night every day, dirt and residual bait in the pond are removed in time, the water quality in the pond is kept fresh, photosynthetic bacteria are splashed once every 10 days, the water quality is improved, and the application amount is 120 mL per pond.
Temporary culture in pond
The fry is cultivated in a cement pond by a boiler for 3 months and 20 days in 2020, at the moment, the temperature of outdoor water is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃, the boiler is stopped, the plastic greenhouse is removed in 26 days in 3 months, so that micropterus salmoides in the cement pond are adaptive to the external temperature, 100 individuals are randomly extracted for weighing growth indexes, the total weight is 2.65 Kg, the specification reaches 38 tails/Kg, the average body length is 14.32 cm, 54 thousands of large-size fingerlings of 10-15 cm are co-cultured, and the survival rate of the fingerlings cultivated in the cement pond reaches 87.1%.
The foregoing shows that the basic principles, essential features and advantages of the invention are described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. An out-of-season cultivation method for micropterus salmoides is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond preparation: the area of the pond is 5-8 mu, after the pond water is drained, the thickness of sludge in the pond is kept at 8-12cm, the accumulated water in the pond is kept at about 5-15cm, 150 Kg/mu of quicklime is used for cleaning the pond, after 7-14 days of cleaning the pond, water is injected into the pond, the water injection depth is 0.8-1.8m, and a net cage is arranged in the pond;
s2, culturing micropterus salmoides in a net cage: purchasing water bloom from south at the beginning of 8-9 months for Micropterus salmoides, after the water bloom is transported, placing the fry and fry bags in a net cage in S1 for 12-18 min, then releasing the fry into the net cage, after the water bloom is placed in a pond for 1 day, feeding by rotifers, wherein the feeding rate is 3-5 times per day, the feeding rate is 3-4%, when the fry grows to about 1-1.5 cm in 2-3 days, catching large-scale twigs and feeding is carried out, the feeding rate is 4-6%, and the feeding rate is 3-5 times per day;
s3, cement pond cultivation: the bottom area of the cement pool is 60-70 m2When the fry in S2 grows to 4-6 thousands of tailsWhen the fish fry is cultured in cement pond with water depth of 0.8-1 m and stocking density of 0.4-0.6 ten thousand tails/m3After stocking, circulating water flow, aerating and oxygenating, and feeding baits such as large twigs and tubificidae for 3-5 times per day, wherein the bait feeding rate is 4% -6%; after the cultivation in the cement pond for 26-31 days and the body length is 3-5 cm, feeding with the feed for domestication;
s4, greenhouse temperature control cultivation: culturing the fish fry to 10 middle-month, covering and buckling a plastic greenhouse above the cement pond, controlling the water temperature in the cement pond in the greenhouse to be 16-22 ℃, controlling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 4-6 mg/L, controlling the feeding rate to be 4-6%, controlling the feeding frequency to be 3-5 times/day, and increasing the feeding rate to be 6-9% and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L after culturing for 4-6 days;
s5, heating and temperature control cultivation: when the fish is cultivated to the beginning of 11 months, the water for cultivation is heated and flows into each cultivation cement pond through a circulating system, the water temperature of the cement ponds is maintained at 16-22 ℃, the bait is thrown for 3-5 times every day, the bait throwing rate is increased to 9% -11% according to the growth condition of the fish fry, the photosynthetic bacteria are sprinkled once every 7-12 days, and the application amount is 100 mL per pond;
s6, temporarily culturing in a pond; and (3) when the fry are cultured in the cement pond to 3 middle ten days of the next year, stopping controlling the temperature when the outdoor water temperature can be stabilized above 15 ℃, removing the plastic greenhouse after 3-5 days to enable the micropterus salmoides in the cement pond to adapt to the external temperature, and transferring the micropterus salmoides into the pond for temporary culture to adapt to pond culture.
2. The out-of-season micropterus salmoides breeding method of claim 1, wherein: and filtering pond water by using a 60-mesh screen when water is injected into the S1.
3. The out-of-season micropterus salmoides breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the S1 middle net cage is made of polyethylene net sheets, and the size is 80-90 m of the bottom area2And the height is 1.2-2.0 m.
4. The out-of-season micropterus salmoides breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the S3 domestication adopts a method of manually throwing the special crushed batch for the micropterus salmoides at fixed time and fixed point, the throwing is stopped once and for a small amount of times, the domestication time is 40-70 minutes each time, and the domestication period is 5-10 days.
5. The out-of-season micropterus salmoides breeding method of claim 1, wherein: stopping feeding for 1 day after culturing in the S3 cement pond and before culturing in the S4 greenhouse at controlled temperature, sieving and grading the fry, and feeding the fry in different cement ponds with fry density of 0.2-0.3 ten thousand tails/m3。
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