CN106942105B - Method for artificially breeding seedlings of crassostrea hongkongensis by utilizing northern high-temperature period - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for artificial breeding of Hong Kong oyster by utilizing the northern high temperature period. Aiming at the technical difficulties of Hong Kong oyster breeding, this method develops new technologies such as high-temperature ecological maturation-promoting cultivation technology for oysters, rapid spawning induction technology, and special attachment-based seedling picking and breaking technology. Nanyang's new breeding method is the key to solving the problem, and it can also overcome the problems of slow growth rate, long breeding cycle and high mortality of natural seedlings of Hong Kong oysters. The habit has significantly reduced the economic losses of marine aquaculture caused by natural disasters such as typhoons and rainstorms along the coast of South China, and also improved the utilization rate of the nursery workshops in the north during the high temperature period. Practice has proved that the present invention realizes the cultivation of Hong Kong oysters from the north to the south, shortens the cultivation time of Hong Kong oysters by 0.5-1.0 years, and increases the culturing survival rate by 30-50%.

Description

A method for artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters using the northern high temperature period

technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing Hong Kong oyster seedlings, in particular to a method for artificially raising Hong Kong oyster seedlings by utilizing the northern high temperature period.

Background technique

With the development of the Internet and cold chain logistics, oysters are the most suitable aquatic products for live transportation among aquatic products. They are rich in nutrients and delicious. The market is in short supply, prices are soaring, and the area of oyster farming is also expanding.

Hongkong oyster ( Crass0strea hongkongensis ) is an excellent oyster species that is resistant to high temperature and low salinity . The shell of Hong Kong oysters is firm and thick, the soft body is white, and the mantle is mostly black. It has the characteristics of beautiful color and delicious meat. Its market price is also 1-2 times higher than other oysters, and the market prospect is broad.

At present, the sources of Hong Kong oyster seedlings in my country are mainly semi-artificial seedlings collected in natural sea areas, but the picking of wild seedlings is greatly affected by climate and seasonal changes, especially due to the extreme bad weather such as typhoons in South China. The supply of seed is extremely unstable, which limits the development of the oyster farming industry in Hong Kong.

Because the artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters is limited by its unique living habits and reproductive biological characteristics, as well as the limitations of southern nursery technology, nursery facilities and conditions, the success rate of seedlings is low. Among the above-mentioned seedling raising techniques, the high-salt maturation-promoting cultivation technique, the spawning induction technique, the fertilization and hatching technique, the selection and treatment of the easily stripped attachment base, and the cultivation technique of the large-sized monomer oyster seedlings are the main technical bottlenecks of Hong Kong oyster seedling cultivation, which are difficult to overcome. , resulting in a very low seedling emergence of Hong Kong oyster seedlings, which cannot reach the level of productive seedlings, and of course cannot meet the needs of breeding units for seedlings. The mortality rate is high and it is not suitable for artificial breeding.

Therefore, an artificial breeding technology of Hong Kong oyster suitable for artificial cultivation is urgently needed to overcome the various problems existing in the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing the artificial breeding of Hong Kong oyster in the northern high temperature period, to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art.

Aiming at the technical difficulties of Hong Kong oyster seedling raising, the present invention develops new technologies such as high-temperature ecological maturation-promoting cultivation technology for parent oysters, rapid spawning induction technology, and special attachment-based seedling picking and breaking technology. Nanyang's new breeding method is the key to solving the problem. At the same time, it can also overcome the problems of slow growth rate, long breeding cycle and high mortality of natural seedlings of Hong Kong oysters. It has significantly reduced the economic losses of marine aquaculture caused by natural disasters such as typhoons and rainstorms along the coast of South China, and also improved the utilization rate of the nursery workshops in the north during the high temperature period.

In order to achieve the above object, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A method for artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters by utilizing the northern high temperature period, comprising the following steps:

(1) Choose Hong Kong oysters;

(2) Indoor high-salt transition: in May-June before the breeding season in the south, it is transported to the north nursery for temporary raising and transition;

(3) Ecological cultivation in outdoor earthen ponds of scallops: then hang the temporarily raised scallops in an outdoor earthen pond with a salinity of 28-32 around the nursery for ecological adaptation and maturation-promoting cultivation. After 40-60 days of ecological cultivation in outdoor earthen ponds to maturity;

(4) Indoor temporary cultivation of parent shellfish: In the high temperature season in August, the selected species of Hong Kong oyster shellfish were placed in the nursery pond at a rate of 40-50 pieces/ ^m3 . Under the conditions, after the parent shellfish is temporarily raised for 8-12 days, artificial spawning and ovulation are carried out;

(5) Artificially stimulate spawning and ovulation: put the washed oysters from Hong Kong oysters in a controlled room with a temperature of 15-16°C for 5-6 hours, and then put them in pure fresh water for 0.5-1.0 hours. Then put it into 10-15 salinity seawater to soak for 1.0-1.5 hours, and finally put it into the nursery pond with normal filtered seawater. After 0.5-1.0 hours of adaptation, a large number of sperm and eggs will be discharged and inseminated;

(6) Incubation: control the hatching density of fertilized eggs to be 40-50/mL, by adopting separate pools for hatching, continuous inflation and foaming, to reduce the deterioration of water quality caused by excessive semen during the high temperature period and improve the hatching rate; in the water temperature of 26-32 Under the condition of ℃, after 18-20 hours incubation of fertilized eggs to reach D-type larvae, the young are selected immediately;

(7) Cultivation of larvae: After selection, the larvae are cultivated in the pond at a density of 5-6/ ^m3 , and the larvae cultivation is carried out according to the conventional shellfish larvae cultivation techniques:

(8) Seedlings of bay scallop shells: After 16-18 days of cultivation, the height of the larvae shell grows to 330-360µm, and when 60-80% of larvae appear with eye spot larvae, the thin and brittle bay scallop shells that have been treated with dilute acid will start to be placed. Attachment base, the feeding amount is 3000-4000 pieces/m ³ , and the average number of attached seedlings per piece reaches 20-30. Remove the attachment base and continue to put the attachment base until all the eye-spot larvae of Hong Kong oyster attach and metamorphose into spat. ;

(9) Large-scale oyster seedling soil pond cultivation: the attachment base of the juveniles is moved to the outdoor pond for ecological cultivation, and the juveniles use the unicellular algae in the pond to grow and grow to 20-25mm by the end of October;

(10) Single oyster seedlings for aquaculture: lightly smash the bay scallop shell with 20-25mm Hong Kong oyster seedlings, and separate the Hong Kong oyster seedlings attached to it into individual Hong Kong oyster seedlings, dry at 8-12°C Transported to the South China Sea for breeding.

Further, in the above step (1), in the southern aquaculture sea area, the adult oysters of Hong Kong oysters with a salinity of 18-22 sea area cultured with a shell height of 10-16cm are selected as parent oysters.

Further, the above-mentioned step (2) is specifically as follows: in the next May to June before the southern breeding season, the temperature of 6-10 ℃ is transported to the northern nursery, where the salinity is 4-5 higher than the original habitat, and the temperature is 4-5 higher than the current habitat. Transition of nursery ponds in 25-26 salinity with low salinity 4-5.

Further, the specific steps in the above step (7) are: as the larvae grow, the density is gradually reduced until the density of creeping larvae drops to 2-3/ml; the water is changed 2-3 times a day, and 30%- 50%; D-type larvae began to feed golden algae, and the daily feeding amount gradually increased from 10,000-20,000 cells/ml in the early stage to 30,000-40,000 cells/ml in the middle stage, and 50,000-60,000 cells/ml in the later stage. Flat algae was added after the middle stage of the shell top, and the daily feeding amount was 10,000-20,000 cells/ml; during the larval cultivation period, the water temperature was 25-32°C, the salinity was 25-30, and the pH value was 8.0-8.2. , No aging.

Further, the bay scallop shell of the seedling device used in step (8) is rinsed and used after being treated with 0.05% dilute hydrochloric acid for 8-12 hours. The attachment of larvae is metamorphic, and the acid-treated shells on the other side are more brittle and easy to break after seedlings are harvested in the future.

Further, the above-mentioned method also includes the transition step of the southern shrimp pond, and the single Hong Kong oyster seedling processed in step (10) is placed in a cage or in a floating cage, and the shrimp pond with a salinity of 20-25 undergoes 1-2 months of incubation. Cultivation, after the individual grows to 3.5-4.5cm medium shellfish, the oyster seedlings are glued on the cement block and hung at sea for cultivation.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention solves the problems of difficulty in promoting the maturation of parent oysters and spawning in indoor artificial seedlings of southern Hong Kong oysters, as well as the problems of rapid cultivation of large-sized juveniles and difficulty in debasing the oyster shell attached seedlings. At the same time, the invention can effectively utilize the idle period of the shellfish nursery workshop in the northern high temperature period, greatly improve the comprehensive utilization rate of the nursery workshop, and realize a new mode of artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters in the north and breeding in the south.

The method of the invention is to carry out artificial seedling breeding under the conditions of controllable environment, which changes the habit of natural seedling picking, breeding and harvesting in the past, and significantly reduces the huge economic losses caused by natural disasters such as typhoons and rainstorms along the coast of South China to marine breeding. , which provides a new set of ideas for the development of the oyster aquaculture industry in Hong Kong.

Practice has proved that the present invention realizes the cultivation of Hong Kong oyster from the north to the south, shortens the cultivation time of Hong Kong oyster by 0.5-1.0 years, and increases the culturing survival rate by 30-50%.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further explained and illustrated by specific embodiments below.

Example:

A method for artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters by utilizing the northern high temperature period, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of the parent oyster of Hong Kong giant oyster: First, in the southern aquaculture sea area, choose the shell height of 10-16cm Hong Kong oyster cultured in the sea area of 18-22 as the parent oyster;

(2) Indoor high-salt transition: From May to June before the southern breeding season, transport it to the northern nursery at a temperature of 6-10 °C, and place it in the prepared nursery pond with a salinity of 25-26 for 3- 4 days, do not change the water during the temporary raising period, feed twice a day, the feeding amount is 50,000-60,000/mL. day;

(3) Ecological cultivation in outdoor earthen ponds of scallops: Hang the scallops for 3-4 days in an outdoor earthen pond with a salinity of 28-32 around the nursery for ecological adaptation and maturation-promoting cultivation. After 40-60 days of outdoor cultivation The earth pond is ecologically cultivated to maturity;

(4) Indoor temporary cultivation of parent shellfish: In the high temperature season in August, the selected species of Hong Kong oyster shellfish were placed in the nursery pond at a rate of 40-50 pieces/ ^m3 . Under the conditions, after the parent shellfish is temporarily raised for 8-12 days, artificial spawning and ovulation are carried out;

(5) Artificially stimulated spawning and ovulation: put the washed oysters from Hong Kong oysters in a controlled room with an air temperature of 15-16°C for 5-6 hours, and then put them in pure fresh water for 0.5-1.0 hours. Then put it into 10-15 salinity seawater to soak for 1.0-1.5 hours, and finally put it into the nursery pond with normal filtered seawater. After 0.5-1.0 hours of adaptation, a large number of sperm and eggs will be discharged and inseminated;

(6) Incubation: control the hatching density of fertilized eggs to be 40-50/mL, by adopting separate pools for hatching, continuous inflation and foaming, to reduce the deterioration of water quality caused by excessive semen during the high temperature period and improve the hatching rate; in the water temperature of 26-32 Under the condition of ℃, after 18-20 hours incubation of fertilized eggs to reach D-type larvae, the young are selected immediately;

(7) Cultivation of larvae: Select larvae and cultivate them in ponds at a density of 5-6/m ³ , and cultivate larvae according to conventional shellfish larvae cultivation techniques: gradually reduce the density as the larvae grow, until the density of creeping larvae drops to 2-3 /ml; change the water 2-3 times a day, 30%-50% each time; D-type larvae start feeding Chrysanthemum algae, and the daily feeding amount gradually increases from 10,000-20,000 cells/ml in the early stage to 3.0-50% in the middle stage. 40,000 cells/ml, and 50,000-60,000 cells/ml in the later stage. After the larvae develop to the middle stage of the shell top, add flat algae, and the daily feeding amount is 10,000-20,000 cells/ml; during the larvae cultivation period, the water temperature is 25-32 °C, and the salinity is 25-30, pH value 8.0-8.2, the algae requires freshness, no pollution and no aging;

(8) Seedlings of bay scallop shells: After 16-18 days of cultivation, the larval shells grow to 330-360µm in height, and when 60-80% of the eye-spot larvae appear, the thin and brittle bay scallop shells that have been treated with dilute acid will begin to be placed. Attachment base, the feeding amount is 3000-4000 pieces/m ³ , and the average number of attached seedlings per piece reaches 20-30. Remove the attachment base and continue to put the attachment base until all the eye spot larvae of Hong Kong oyster are attached and metamorphosed into spat. ;

(9) Cultivation of large-scale oyster seedlings in soil ponds: move the attachment base of the juveniles to the outdoor pond for ecological cultivation, and the juveniles use the unicellular algae in the pond to grow and grow to 20-25mm by the end of October;

(10) Single oyster seedlings for aquaculture: Gently break the bay scallop shell with 20-25mm Hong Kong oyster seedlings attached, separate the Hong Kong oyster seedlings attached to it into individual Hong Kong oyster seedlings, put them in a foam box, and keep them at a low temperature. Dry transport to the Nanhai area for breeding has realized the cultivation of Hong Kong oysters from the north to the south, shortening the breeding time of Hong Kong oysters by 0.5-1.0 years, and increasing the survival rate of oysters by 30-50%.

The bay scallop shell of the seedling device used in the above-mentioned step (8) is rinsed and used after being treated with 0.05% dilute hydrochloric acid for 8-12 hours. Attachment metamorphosis, the other acid-treated shells are more brittle and easy to break after picking seedlings in the future.

The above method also includes the transition of the southern shrimp pond: the single Hong Kong oyster seedlings treated in step (10) are placed in cages or floating cages, and cultured in a shrimp pond with a salinity of 20-25 for 1-2 months. After reaching the 3.5-4.5cm medium shell, stick the oyster seedlings on the cement block and hang them at sea for cultivation.

The actual breeding experience proves that using the method for raising Hong Kong oyster seedlings in the north and south provided by the present invention shortens the culturing time of Hong Kong oyster by 0.5-1.0 years, and the culturing survival rate is also improved by 30-50%; it shows that the present invention indeed contributes to Hong Kong oyster seedlings The high-efficiency and high-yield artificial breeding mode is worthy of popularization and application.

Claims (6)

1. a method utilizing the northern high temperature period to carry out the artificial seedling of Hong Kong oyster, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Choose Hong Kong oysters; (2) Indoor high-salt transition: in May-June before the southern breeding season, transport it to the northern nursery, and temporarily raise the transition; specifically: in the next May-June before the southern breeding season, the temperature is 6-10℃ It is transported to the northern nursery, and placed in a nursery pond with a salinity of 4-5 higher than the original habitat and a salinity of 25-26 lower than the current habitat by 4-5; (3) Ecological cultivation in outdoor earthen ponds of the broodstock: then hang the temporarily raised broodstock in the outdoor earthen pond with a salinity of 28-32 around the nursery for ecological adaptation and maturation-promoting cultivation; (4) Indoor temporary cultivation of oysters: In the high temperature season in August, Hong Kong oyster scallops were selected for temporary cultivation under the conditions of water temperature 26-30 °C and salinity 28-32, and then artificial spawning and fertilization were carried out. ; (5) artificially stimulate egg production and ovulation; then fertilize; (6) Incubation: by adopting sub-pool hatching, after the hatching of fertilized eggs reaches D-type larvae, young ones are selected immediately; (7) Larvae cultivation: according to conventional shellfish larvae cultivation techniques; (8) Seedlings of bay scallop shells: After cultivation, the height of the larvae shell grows to 330-360µm, and when 60-80% of the eye-spot larvae appear, start to put the thin and brittle bay scallop shell attachment base that has been treated with dilute acid until it reaches 60-80%. Until all the eyespot larvae of Hong Kong oyster attach and metamorphose into juveniles; (9) Large-scale oyster seedling soil pond cultivation: the attachment base of the juveniles is moved to the outdoor pond for ecological cultivation, and the juveniles use the unicellular algae in the pond to grow and grow to 20-25mm by the end of October; (10) Single oyster seedlings for aquaculture: Break the attachment base of the bay scallop shell with 20-25mm Hong Kong oyster seedlings, and separate the Hong Kong oyster seedlings attached to them into individual Hong Kong oyster seedlings, dry at 8-12°C Transported to the South China Sea for breeding. 2. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned step (1), in the southern cultivating sea area, the shell height that selects salinity to cultivate in 18-22 sea area is 10-16cm Hong Kong oyster into oyster as the parent oyster. . 3. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (5) is specifically as follows: first place the washed Hong Kong oyster scallops in a controlled room with an air temperature of 15-16 ℃ to dry in the shade for 5-6 hours , and then put it into pure fresh water for 0.5-1.0 hours, then put it into 10-15 salinity seawater for 1.0-1.5 hours, and finally put it into the nursery pond with normal filtered seawater. Sperm, eggs, and then insemination. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the specific steps in the above-mentioned step (7) are: the density is gradually reduced as the larvae grow, and the density of the creeping larvae is reduced to 2-3/ml; 2-3 times, changing the water 30%-50% each time; D-type larvae began to feed Chrysanthemum algae, and the daily feeding amount gradually increased from 10,000-20,000 cells/ml in the early stage to 30-40,000 cells/ml in the middle stage. In the later stage, 50,000-60,000 cells/ml were added. After the larvae developed to the middle stage of the shell top, flat algae were added. The daily feeding amount was 10,000-20,000 cells/ml; 8.0-8.2, Unimonas requires freshness, no pollution, and no aging. 5. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the used seedling harvester bay scallop shell of step (8), after 8-12 hours of 0.05% dilute hydrochloric acid treatment, rinse clean and use, through dilute hydrochloric acid treatment Bay scallop shell attachment base. 6. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, above-mentioned method also comprises southern shrimp pond transition step, the single Hong Kong oyster fry processed by step (10), in cage or floating cage, in salinity 20- After 1-2 months of cultivation in the shrimp pond of 25, after the individual grows to 3.5-4.5cm medium shellfish, the oyster seedlings are glued on the cement block and hung on the sea for cultivation.