CN103814853A - Natural selection breeding method for imported penaeus parent shrimps - Google Patents
Natural selection breeding method for imported penaeus parent shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814853A CN103814853A CN201410084746.5A CN201410084746A CN103814853A CN 103814853 A CN103814853 A CN 103814853A CN 201410084746 A CN201410084746 A CN 201410084746A CN 103814853 A CN103814853 A CN 103814853A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a natural selection breeding method for imported penaeus parent shrimps, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the steps: in the penaeus mating season each year, putting healthy young shrimps, cultured in a young penaeus breeding pond, into an aquaculture pond, performing medium-selection-strength mixed culturing on the young shrimps and marine organisms which can enhance a certain beneficial character of the imported penaeus in the pond to obtain penaeus with the specific character after natural selection through natural intraspecific and interspecific competition, and performing strengthening cultivating in an indoor parent shrimp cultivating pool to form parent shrimps for young shrimp incubation in the next year. According to the parent shrimp cultivating method, through culturing by simulating natural environments with different types and performing natural competition and natural selection in a targeted and directional way with certain selection strength, characteristic individuals advantageous to local artificial breeding in the imported penaeus can be continuously kept, disadvantageous characteristic individuals are selected, and the individuals which more adapt to local environment and are more suitable for local breeding are kept, and are slow in degeneration, fast in growth and large in size.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of import prawn breeding technique, be specifically related to the selection of a kind of import prawn natural selection, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
China has become prawn culturing area maximum in the world, the country that output is the highest.Within 2011, China's prawn gross yield reaches 1,560,000 tons, and wherein mariculture prawn output is 89.5 ten thousand tons, has improved approximately 160,000 tons than 73.3 ten thousand tons in 2010.The main production province of current China prawn is Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and the gross yield of this three province approaches 70% left and right of national mariculture prawn gross yield.Break through in China the difficult problem of growing seedlings in the 90's later stage Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, high with its output, rapidly, disease is few, strong adaptability etc., and feature obtains large-scale promotion and development, and substitutes gradually Chinese prawn and grass shrimp, becomes the principal item of China's mariculture in growth.
Continue 1988, after the method for artificial propagation is used in Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low success by 1991 Qingdaos, introduced a fine variety again in 1998 in Guangdong, Hainan, by pond culture Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low is studied, find the development and fecundity rule of close shrimp, thereby the technology of set up the mating of new parent shrimp rearing and artificial induction parent shrimp, laying eggs, has broken the limitation that original Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low artificial fecundation method can only production small lot shrimp seedling.Use new technology that the cultivation advantage of China is increased.We not only can complete independently cultivation and the shrimp seedling in enormous quantities of parent shrimp breed, more can carry out artificial culture to the complete history of life of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, go down to posterity.Effectively set up large-scale artificial propagation technique and the pattern of China.
But Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low is not the prawn in original producton location,, can degenerate by germplasm after general 2,3 generations as parent with cultured prawn, its offspring's poor growth, individuality diminish, still need every year to spend a large amount of foreign exchanges to breed offspring from external import parent shrimp, increased cost, be unfavorable for expanding economy.Tracing it to its cause is that cultured prawn colony grows up in the excellent environment of manual control, and survival rate is high, so the quality of proterties no matter, great majority can be survived, in normal cultured prawn colony as close shrimp, its offspring only can be more and more a little less than.Current prawn breeding technique still screens from common cultured prawn, as Chinese patent CN1926970A discloses a kind of seed selection and have the method for the Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock of white spot syndrome virus resisting character, comprise that close shrimp selects, attacks poison, eliminates through virus injection sequela and the dead step such as close shrimp, parent shrimp rearing; Chinese patent CN102888459A discloses a kind of authentication method of for many generations seed selection prawn new varieties, adopt Protocols in Molecular Biology, identify by molecular labeling, can overcome the difficulty that phenotypic characteristic is difficult to differentiate for many generations seed selection new varieties, although these methods are aided with various science, advanced means are selected the parent of merit, but because the radix of selecting is too large, be tantamount to look for a needle in a haystack, and effect is difficult to determine.
Only have by simulating natural environment and carry out cultured prawn, prawn by violent competition naturally, the merit that obtains of natural selection is as parent, just can overcome modern prawn degenerates difficult faster, set up scientific and effective selection, obtain the genetic offspring of high-quality, further advance the fast development of prawn culturing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the selection of a kind of import prawn natural selection is provided, the method easily operates, and can effectively select the close shrimp of merit.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
In annual prawn mating season, the health young shrimp that prawn seed-rearing pond is turned out, put cultivating pool into, medium superseded intensity mixed breed together with can strengthening the marine organisms of certain favourable proterties of import prawn in pond, by naturally planting interior and interspecies competition, obtain possessing through natural selection the prawn of specific trait, through indoor parent shrimp rearing pond reinforced cultivating, become close shrimp, for hatching shrimp seedling next year.
Described prawn seed-rearing pond, size is not limit, general below 200 square metres, and water temperature remains on 26 ℃ ~ 31 ℃, has sunlight to irradiate, without harmful organisms, bait abundance, water colour water stabilization.
Described health young shrimp, refers to neat specification, has and stress, rope food, hide the shrimp seedling of ability.
Described cultivating pool area is preferably in more than 20 mu, has the facility of Insulation or insulation, and husky mud substrate can manually arrange the facility that part can be hidden, perch for prawn.
The described marine organisms competition biology that preferably rope food ability is strong, prey ability is weak, can strengthen the growing ability of robbing food ability and prawn of prawn, is unlikely to again excessively predation and causes prawn to be eliminated completely.
Described medium superseded intensity cultivation, except the selection that refers to that competition is biological, time, the input of bait etc. of the biological quantity of putting into of competition and cultivation, harvest are all wanted suitably, avoid producing between the kind of too high or too low intensity and intraspecific competition relation.Keep moderate strength to eliminate competition, can prevent that excessive competition from causing prawn all dead or very little residual, also can prevent from lacking competition and cause effectively eliminating the not prawn of outstanding proterties.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) first generation high-quality shrimp seedling of import parent shrimp being placed on can be manually operated, simulate in dissimilar natural environment and cultivate, have object, have direction and have certain eliminate dynamics by naturally competing and natural selection, import parent shrimp is propagated artificially to favourable proterties individuality to locality can continue to retain, the proterties of unfavorable individuality is eliminated, prevent superior, lack and eliminate the degeneration of propagating the continuous cultivation of environment and inbreeding artificially and cause prawn entirety elite germplasm, and retain home environment is more adapted to, be more suitable for the individuality of local cultivation; Keep moderate strength to eliminate competition, can prevent that excessive competition from causing prawn all dead or very little residual, also can prevent from lacking competition and cause effectively eliminating the not prawn of outstanding proterties, prawn is well selected.
(2) the close shrimp proterties that adopts nature competition, the method for natural selection to obtain is good, degenerate slow, and growth is fast, and stature is large; The method is simple, and cost is low, good in economic efficiency, is applicable to large-scale promotion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention; Material, 8 is hidden, perched to 1 shrimps, 7 that ingested slowly for growth for competition aquatic animal, 6 for the prawn normally ingesting after natural selection, 4 prawns that are eliminated for ingesting, 5 for pond in winter lagging facility, 3 for prawn seed selection pond, 2 for prawn is bait.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment are only used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Start to grow seedlings in April, the nauplius of import parent shrimp (Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low) put into several 200 cubes, have heat, the outdoor pond of charger, add the seawater through processing and sterilizing, keep 30 ℃ of water temperatures, with the film covering pond of printing opacity, every cube of water body is put 20,000 tail naupliuss.When nauplius becomes zoea, start the unit cell algae of throwing something and feeding and cultivating in special algae culture pond, flea II start to throw something and feed wheel animalcule and a small amount of artificial feed, oppossum shrimp starts throw something and feed nauplius and the artifical compound feed of halogen worm, can put into Tu Tang cultivation until become the young shrimp of 0.8cm.
30 mu of soil pool areas, 1.2 meters of the depth of waters, will clean up the pond before use, sterilize and the fertile pool, and import parent shrimp breeding density 0.5 ten thousand tail/mus are put into Penaeus monodon Postlarvae, specification 1cm, density 0.5 ten thousand tail/mus simultaneously; When import parent shrimp shrimp seedling grows to 3cm size, put into mud crab, big or small 50g/, 50/mu of density; Egg-shaped pompano, specification 2cm, density 200 tail/mus; It is violent that egg-shaped pompano is robbed food, and growth is very fast, grows up to larger specification about 100 days, and Penaeus monodon also reaches larger specification, and the trap netting gear of suitable mesh is set in pond, only catches egg-shaped pompano and the Penaeus monodon of large specification.After the egg-shaped pompano of large specification has caught, the fry of supplementing the egg-shaped pompano of part 5cm continues to raise together with.
Prawn feed is take natural bait as main, in early days with zooplankton and part prawn Articial bait making, put into after fish and crab, take the fish Articial bait making of the egg-shaped pompano of throwing something and feeding as main, prawn is take the natural atom in the compact seashell of throwing something and feeding, the residual bait of fish feed and pond as food, a small amount of Articial bait making of suitably throwing something and feeding, enters winter pond and will cover film or heat and be incubated.Cage net harvesting for mud crab after 180 days, after 250 days, import prawn and second is made simultaneously harvesting of fish, selects wherein individual large, body colour prawn good, that mobility is strong and enters close shrimp indoor culture pond reinforced cultivating, as second generation parent shrimp.
Embodiment 2
After Clear and Bright, start to grow seedlings, the shrimp seedling of full artificial culture import prawn between indoor industrially seedling culturing vehicle, shrimp seed rearing, to the young shrimp of specification of 01.0cm, can be emerged, and puts into fish Ponds cultivation.Yu Ponds is that fill box dam in offshore area forms, and area is more than 100 mu, and dykes and dams have gate, utilize that morning and evening tides is received, draining, and early stage is included part seawater in cultivation, utilizes the tea bran poison pool to remove trash fish, and then 40 object bolting silk nets enter part water.Before formal cultivation, in the little pond of fish Ponds fill isolation 0.8 mu, or in fish Ponds, set up 40 object bolting silk net cages, mark thick prawn shrimp seedling, shrimp seedling mark during slightly to 3cm, can be dispersed into shrimp seedling in fish Ponds and cultivate.Breeding density 3,000 tails/mu left and right, not bait throwing in of breeding process, mainly by enter that draining brings fish Ponds into every day with the abiogenous natural bait of fish Ponds, before cultivation, mid-term selectivity drop into appropriate competition biology.
The import prawn of Yu Ponds cultivation cannot pass the winter, pass the winter in the pond of wanting harvesting prawn to enter Insulation at the beginning of 12 months in south, harvesting can be to arrange to fall into network access seizure with growing in bag draining and Yu Ponds, select individual large, healthy prawn as alternative close shrimp, after the beginning of spring, carry out reinforced cultivating and become close shrimp.
Embodiment 3
Start to grow seedlings in May, the nauplius of import parent shrimp (Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low) put into several 200 cubes, have heat, the outdoor pond of charger, add the seawater through processing and sterilizing, keep 30 ℃ of water temperatures, with the film covering pond of printing opacity, every cube of water body is put 30,000 tail naupliuss.When nauplius becomes zoea, start the unit cell algae of throwing something and feeding and cultivating in special algae culture pond, flea II start to throw something and feed wheel animalcule and a small amount of artificial feed, oppossum shrimp starts throw something and feed nauplius and the artifical compound feed of halogen worm, can put into Tu Tang cultivation until become the young shrimp of 1cm.
25 mu of soil pool areas, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters, will clean up the pond before use, sterilize and the fertile pool, and import parent shrimp breeding density 0.5 ten thousand tail/mus are put into Penaeus monodon Postlarvae, specification 1.2cm, density 0.5 ten thousand tail/mus simultaneously; When import parent shrimp shrimp seedling grows to 5cm size, put into mud crab, big or small 50g/, 50/mu of density; Egg-shaped pompano, specification 3cm, density 200 tail/mus; It is violent that egg-shaped pompano is robbed food, and growth is very fast, grows up to larger specification about 100 days, and Penaeus monodon also reaches larger specification, and the trap netting gear of suitable mesh is set in pond, only catches egg-shaped pompano and the Penaeus monodon of large specification.After the egg-shaped pompano of large specification has caught, the fry of supplementing the egg-shaped pompano of part 7cm continues to raise together with.
Prawn feed is take natural bait as main, in early days with zooplankton and part prawn Articial bait making, put into after fish and crab, take the fish Articial bait making of the egg-shaped pompano of throwing something and feeding as main, prawn is take the natural atom in the compact seashell of throwing something and feeding, the residual bait of fish feed and pond as food, a small amount of Articial bait making of suitably can throwing something and feeding, enters winter pond and will cover film or heat and be incubated.Cage net harvesting for mud crab after 180 days, after 250 days, import prawn and second is made simultaneously harvesting of fish, selects wherein individual large, body colour prawn good, that mobility is strong and enters close shrimp indoor culture pond reinforced cultivating, as second generation parent shrimp.
Embodiment 4
After Clear and Bright, start to grow seedlings, the shrimp seedling of full artificial culture import prawn between indoor industrially seedling culturing vehicle, shrimp seed rearing, to the young shrimp of specification of 1.0cm, can be emerged, and puts into fish Ponds cultivation.Yu Ponds is that fill box dam in offshore area forms, and area is more than 100 mu, and dykes and dams have gate, utilize that morning and evening tides is received, draining, and early stage is included part seawater in cultivation, utilizes the tea bran poison pool to remove trash fish, and then 60 object bolting silk nets enter part water.Before formal cultivation, in the little pond of fish Ponds fill isolation 1 mu, or in fish Ponds, set up 60 object bolting silk net cages, mark thick prawn shrimp seedling, shrimp seedling mark during slightly to 5cm, can be dispersed into shrimp seedling in fish Ponds and cultivate.Breeding density 3,000 tails/mu left and right, not bait throwing in of breeding process, mainly by enter that draining brings fish Ponds into every day with the abiogenous natural bait of fish Ponds, before cultivation, mid-term selectivity drop into appropriate competition biology.
The import prawn of Yu Ponds cultivation cannot pass the winter, pass the winter in the pond of wanting harvesting prawn to enter Insulation at the beginning of 12 months in south, harvesting can be to arrange to fall into network access seizure with growing in bag draining and Yu Ponds, select individual large, healthy prawn as alternative close shrimp, after the beginning of spring, carry out reinforced cultivating and become close shrimp.
Embodiment 5
After Clear and Bright, start to grow seedlings, the shrimp seedling of full artificial culture import prawn between indoor industrially seedling culturing vehicle, shrimp seed rearing, to the young shrimp of specification of 0.9cm, can be emerged, and puts into fish Ponds cultivation.Yu Ponds is that fill box dam in offshore area forms, and area is more than 100 mu, and dykes and dams have gate, utilize that morning and evening tides is received, draining, and early stage is included part seawater in cultivation, utilizes the tea bran poison pool to remove trash fish, and then 50 object bolting silk nets enter part water.Before formal cultivation, in the little pond of fish Ponds fill isolation 0.9 mu, or in fish Ponds, set up 60 object bolting silk net cages, mark thick prawn shrimp seedling, shrimp seedling mark during slightly to 4cm, can be dispersed into shrimp seedling in fish Ponds and cultivate.Breeding density 3,000 tails/mu left and right, not bait throwing in of breeding process, mainly by enter that draining brings fish Ponds into every day with the abiogenous natural bait of fish Ponds, before cultivation, mid-term selectivity drop into appropriate competition biology.
The import prawn of Yu Ponds cultivation cannot pass the winter, pass the winter in the pond of wanting harvesting prawn to enter Insulation at the beginning of 12 months in south, harvesting can be to arrange to fall into network access seizure with growing in bag draining and Yu Ponds, select individual large, healthy prawn as alternative close shrimp, after the beginning of spring, carry out reinforced cultivating and become close shrimp.
Claims (6)
1. the selection of import prawn natural selection, it is characterized in that: in annual prawn mating season, the health young shrimp that prawn seed-rearing pond is turned out, put cultivating pool into, medium superseded intensity mixed breed together with can strengthening the marine organisms of certain favourable proterties of import prawn in pond, by naturally planting interior and interspecies competition, obtain possessing through natural selection the prawn of specific trait, through indoor parent shrimp rearing pond reinforced cultivating, become close shrimp, for hatching shrimp seedling next year.
2. the selection of a kind of import prawn according to claim 1 natural selection, it is characterized in that: described prawn seed-rearing pond, size is not limit, general below 200 square metres, water temperature remains on 26 ℃ ~ 31 ℃, has sunlight to irradiate, without harmful organisms, bait abundance, water colour water stabilization.
3. the selection of a kind of import prawn according to claim 1 natural selection, is characterized in that: described health young shrimp refers to neat specification, has and stress, rope food, hide the shrimp seedling of ability.
4. the selection of a kind of import prawn according to claim 1 natural selection, it is characterized in that: described cultivating pool area is preferably in more than 20 mu, have the facility of Insulation or insulation, husky mud substrate, can manually arrange the facility that part can be hidden, perch for prawn.
5. the selection of a kind of import prawn according to claim 1 natural selection, it is characterized in that: the described marine organisms competition biology that preferably rope food ability is strong, prey ability is weak, can strengthen the growing ability of robbing food ability and prawn of prawn, be unlikely to again excessively predation and cause prawn to be eliminated completely.
6. the selection of a kind of import prawn according to claim 1 natural selection, it is characterized in that: described medium superseded intensity cultivation, except the selection that refers to that competition is biological, time, the input of bait etc. of the biological quantity of putting into of competition and cultivation, harvest are all wanted suitably, avoid producing between the kind of too high or too low intensity and intraspecific competition relation.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663549A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-03 | 厦门大学 | Method for labeling and culturing penaeus japonicus family in same pond of higher-place pond |
| CN111084134A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地 | Mixed culture mode and method for litopenaeus vannamei and trachinotus ovatus |
| CN111280091A (en) * | 2018-12-09 | 2020-06-16 | 宁波大学 | Pomfret ecological seedling raising method |
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| CN102100204A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中山大学 | Method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious disease by using Trachinotus ovatus |
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Patent Citations (2)
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| CN102100204A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中山大学 | Method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious disease by using Trachinotus ovatus |
| CN102986563A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2013-03-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for ecologically poly-culturing fishes with different feeding habits in net cages of shrimp culture pond |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663549A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-03 | 厦门大学 | Method for labeling and culturing penaeus japonicus family in same pond of higher-place pond |
| CN111280091A (en) * | 2018-12-09 | 2020-06-16 | 宁波大学 | Pomfret ecological seedling raising method |
| CN111084134A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地 | Mixed culture mode and method for litopenaeus vannamei and trachinotus ovatus |
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Denomination of invention: A breeding method for natural elimination of imported shrimp parents Effective date of registration: 20230420 Granted publication date: 20180914 Pledgee: Dongfang Rural Credit Cooperative Association Pledgor: HAINAN ZHONGZHENG AQUATIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980038527 |