CN103766261B - Exopalaemon carinicauda 1 year continuous many batches of artificial cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a continuous multi-crop artificial breeding method for white prawns in one year, which belongs to the field of aquaculture technology. Its steps include broodstock selection and indoor overwintering, overwintering breeding of broodstock shrimps, stocking of broodstock ponds with eggs, harvesting of the first batch of breeding and breeding of parents. Choose to stay and harvest the second batch of breeding or choose to stay the parent and carry out the third crop of breeding. The present invention cultivates broodstock of white prawns indoors, obtains broodstock in advance, reasonably arranges the time for stocking broodstock and harvesting commercial shrimps, realizes multi-stubble breeding in a year, and improves the utilization rate and economic benefits of the breeding pond. In my country's Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang areas, two crops of farming are realized every year, and areas south of Guangdong can realize three crops of farming.

Description

The artificial culture method of continuous multiple crops of white prawns in one year

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an artificial breeding method for white prawns with multiple crops in one year.

Background technique

At present, marine shrimp farming at home and abroad is dominated by prawns, mainly including Chinese prawns, Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus japonicus and other species, and the species of the genus Pleurotus is a new aquaculture species.

Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis (1950), also known as white shrimp, small white shrimp and winter jasmine, belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae , white shrimp (Exopalaemon), mainly distributed in the shallow sea and low-salt waters along the coast of mainland China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, with the largest production in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, second only to Chinese prawns (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Chinese hairy shrimp (Acetes chinensis). my country's important small and medium-sized economic shrimp. Ridgetail white shrimp has the characteristics of rapid growth, strong adaptability, and long breeding season. Its meat is delicate and delicious. It is a high-quality seafood product with high protein, low fat, and rich in EPA/DHA. The price per kilogram in Jiangsu and Zhejiang is 60 -80 yuan. In addition to being eaten fresh, white prawns can also be processed into sea rice. Because of their golden yellow color, they are also known as "golden hook shrimp". Their eggs can be dried into shrimp roe, which is also a precious dried seafood product. The white shrimp has the advantages of fast growth, wide environmental adaptability, strong disease resistance, short breeding cycle, and easy breeding.

In recent years, white prawns have been artificially cultured in coastal areas of more than 300,000 mu in my country, and have become the main characteristic species of pond ecological farming in coastal tidal flat areas. Important economic shrimp. The current white prawn culture mainly relies on the spring fishing of natural seedlings in natural sea areas or the release of wild broodstock broodstock to reproduce in ponds, which has problems such as easy carrying and transmission of pathogens (Wu Youlu et al., 1995; Xu Wenjun et al., 2010; Li Xincang et al. , 2012). The current breeding mode is to first put seedlings such as Portunus trituberculatus and Scylla serrata in the pond from May to June every year, and then release the broodstock of the white prawn with eggs, that is, to self-propagate and grow into the pond. For white shrimp fry, the growing products are harvested after November (Dong Jianbo et al., 2005; Huang Zeping, 2004; Wu Xuqian et al., 2002), and one batch of breeding is carried out every year. Mei Xiaole et al. (2005) tested the comprehensive farming of barracuda, razor clam and white prawn. Using the biological complementarity of barracuda, razor clam and white prawn to carry out pollution-free comprehensive farming can effectively use water body space and reduce diseases. happened. To sum up, the existing breeding methods have defects such as unclear genetic background of the parents, and the catch of wild broodstock is easy to carry pathogens, and only one batch of breeding can be carried out each year, which affects the comprehensive benefits of the pond.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a continuous multi-crop artificial culture method for white prawns in one year, which solves the problem of relying on fishing parental breeding in natural sea areas, cuts off the vertical transmission path of pathogens, and realizes the purpose of two consecutive crops of high-efficiency culture in ponds.

The present invention is accomplished according to the following operating procedures:

A continuous multi-crop artificial culture method for white prawns in one year, including parent shrimp selection and indoor overwintering, overwintering breeding of parent shrimp with eggs, stocking of brood shrimp ponds with eggs, harvesting of the first batch of cultivation and selection of parents, and harvesting of the second batch of cultivation or At the same time, the parents were selected and the third batch of breeding was carried out.

The selection of broodstock and indoor overwintering: select white prawns that do not carry infectious pathogens from the artificial culture pond in the early winter of each year as the broodstock for overwintering. The broodstock for overwintering requires a body length of more than 5.5 cm, and the broodstock is moved into the indoor cement pond for overwintering; Add sand to filter the ground seawater 20-30cm in the pool, add formalin or potassium permanganate to soak the broodstock shrimp after entering the pool, and then gradually fill up the pool water to dilute the drug concentration;

Further, the ratio of male to female broodstock moved into the indoor cement pond is 1:0.7.

Further, the concentration of formalin or potassium permanganate is (100-150)×10 ^-6 or 20×10 ^-6 , and the soaking time is 1 hour.

The breeding of overwintering brood broodstock: the stocking density of broodstock during the overwintering period should depend on the cultivation conditions, and the water temperature during the wintering period should be kept at 10°C; the water quality control indicators are: salinity 20-30, ammonia nitrogen content below 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen Above 5mg/L, chemical oxygen consumption below 2mg/L; daily water change of 30%, feeding amount of 3-5% of broodstock body weight, light control at 200Lux, after 2-3 months of cultivation, the white shrimp start mating, brooding;

The brood-breeding shrimp pond is stocked: when the natural water temperature of the pond reaches 12°C, put the brood-breeding shrimps cultivated in the indoor overwintering into the breeding pond where the basic bait has been bred, and the stocking quantity is 3-5g/m ² , The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is above 5mg/L;

Further, there are swimming crabs, shellfish or fish in the pond for stocking the white prawns.

The harvesting of the first batch of cultivation and the selection and retention of parents: after 2-4 months of pond cultivation, the commercial white prawns whose body length reaches 4.5cm are harvested in batches; For breeding broodstock, the total density of male and female broodstock is more than 10g/ ^m2 ;

The second batch of cultivation or at the same time select and retain the parents and carry out the third batch of cultivation: the first batch of cultivation is harvested and the parents are selected and retained for 3 to 4 months, and according to the market demand, the white prawns that reach the commercial specification in the cultivation pond are cultivated. Harvest successively, if water temperature allows at this moment, choose to stay parent and carry out the third crop breeding at the same time.

It is generally required that the harvest be completed before the water temperature in the pond drops to 10°C, otherwise the activity of the white shrimp will weaken as the water temperature drops, and most of them will dive into the sediment and be difficult to catch. In the southern region, the third round of farming can also be carried out.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art:

1. At present, in natural sea areas, brood broods of white prawns can only be obtained from May to July. The present invention cultivates broods of white prawns indoors, obtains broods of broods in advance, and reasonably arranges the time for stocking broods and harvesting commercial shrimps. Realize multi-stubble breeding in one year, which improves the utilization rate and economic benefits of the breeding pond. In my country's Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang areas, two crops of farming are realized every year, and areas south of Guangdong can realize three crops of farming.

2. The present invention adopts artificial cultivation of broodstock shrimps to overwinter, and can cut off infectious pathogens through disinfection measures, and can reduce the incidence of breeding.

3. The present invention artificially controls the temperature and other environmental conditions to realize the synchronization of egg brooding of female shrimp, and the egg brooding rate is high, which is suitable for large-scale cultivation.

4. The present invention realizes the artificial cultivation of the white prawn, does not rely on wild resources, and can carry out the selection and breeding of fine species.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by the following examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any form by the examples.

Example 1

In this example, in 2013, Shandong Rizhao Kaihang Aquaculture Co., Ltd. carried out multi-crop cultivation of white prawns and crabs with good results.

A continuous multi-crop artificial culture method for white prawns in one year, including parent shrimp selection and indoor overwintering, overwintering breeding of parent shrimp with eggs, stocking of brood shrimp ponds with eggs, harvesting of the first batch of cultivation and selection of parents, and harvesting of the second batch of cultivation or At the same time, the parents were selected and the third batch of breeding was carried out.

1. Broodstock selection and indoor overwintering In early November 2012, male and female white prawns that do not carry infectious pathogens and have strong vitality were selected from artificial breeding ponds as overwintering broodstock. Move it into the indoor wintering cement pool; add sand to filter the groundwater 20-30cm in the wintering pool, add (100-150)×10 ^-6 formalin or 20×10 ^-6 potassium permanganate to soak for 1 hour after broodstock enters the pool , and then gradually fill the pool water with diluted drug concentration;

2. Cultivation of overwintering brood broodstock: The stocking density of broodstock during the overwintering period should depend on the cultivation conditions, and the water temperature during the wintering period should be kept at 10°C; the water quality control indicators are: salinity 20-30, ammonia nitrogen content below 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen at More than 5mg/L, chemical oxygen consumption below 2mg/L; daily water change 30%, feed amount 3-5% of the broodstock body weight, light control at 200Lux, after 2-3 months of cultivation, the white prawns start to grow. mating, brooding;

3. Put eggs in broodstock ponds:

The area of the breeding pond is 5 mu. Before breeding in early March, drain the accumulated water in the breeding pond, close the gate to dry the pond, remove the sludge and sundries, and plow and expose to the sun or repeatedly wash the bottom of the pond with thick sediment. Fill the pool with 10cm to 20cm of water, and use chlorine-containing or iodine-containing disinfectants, oxidants, quicklime and other disinfectants to splash the whole pool to kill protozoa, viruses, bacteria and other pathogenic organisms as well as miscellaneous fish and shrimp.

After 7 days to 10 days after the disinfection of the breeding pond, water should be fed, and the water should be 40 cm to 50 cm for the first time. Apply fertilizers and beneficial bacterial preparations to reproduce fine single-celled algae, small micropolychaetes, oligochaetes, crustaceans, nematodes, shellfish larvae, insect larvae, beneficial microorganisms, bacterial micelles, etc. At the end of March, the water depth of the breeding pond was 1m, and the transparency was about 40cm. The microalgae were mainly green algae, diatoms, and golden algae. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water was above 5mg/L.

When the water temperature in the pond reached 12°C on April 9, brood broodstock were cultured artificially in a stocking room at a stocking density of 4 g/m ² until early May, and the second-stage juvenile crabs of Portunus trituberculatus were stocked in the pond with a seedling rate of 3,000/mu. Grow-out feed includes compound feed, fresh small miscellaneous fish and shellfish. The daily feeding rate of conventional compound feed is 3% to 5%, and the daily feeding rate of fresh bait is 7% to 10%. In the early stage of seedling release, the daily feeding amount is 4 times, and the whole pond is evenly fed. In the later stage of seedling stocking, the feeding amount increases with the growth of shrimps and crabs. The feeding amount after the afternoon accounts for 60% of the total daily feeding amount. .

4. Harvesting of the first batch of breeding and selection of parents:

In late June, the white prawns began to be harvested when their body length reached 4.5 cm. The harvest of the first batch of farmed commercial white prawns lasted until the end of July. At the same time, reserve enough broodstock for the second batch of breeding according to the 1:1 ratio of male and female, and the total density of the number of male and female broodstock should be more than 10g/ ^m2 .

5. The second harvest of breeding:

At the end of October, the second crop of farmed commercial white prawns began to be harvested. When the white prawns cultured in ponds meet the commercial specifications, they must be caught out of the pond in time, otherwise the mating and reproduction of male and female shrimps will easily cause death losses. If it is in the south of Guangdong, the parents can be selected while the second batch of commercial shrimp is harvested, and three crops can be achieved.

Breeding results: the harvest yield of the first batch of white shrimp is 60kg/mu, and the output value is 2400 yuan/mu; the harvest yield of the second batch of white shrimp is 120kg/mu, and the output value is 4800 yuan/mu; the harvest yield of swimming crab is 60kg/mu, and the output value is 4800 yuan Yuan/mu; the total output of shrimp and crab farming is 240kg/mu, and the output value is 12,000 yuan/mu, with good economic benefits.

Example 2

The present embodiment is cultured according to the prior art. In mid-June, the white prawns and the portunus trituberculatus are polycultured. Other culture conditions are the same as in Example 1. After 5 months of breeding experiments, the breeding results are as follows: the yield of white prawns harvested is 80kg/mu, and the output value is 3200 yuan/mu; the harvested yield of swimming crab is 55kg/mu, and the output value is 4400 yuan/mu; , output value 7600 yuan/mu, economic benefit is not as good as embodiment 1.

Claims (7)

1. A method for artificial cultivation of white prawns with multiple crops continuously in one year, characterized in that its steps include parent shrimp selection and indoor overwintering, overwintering cultivation of parent shrimps with eggs, pond breeding of parent shrimps with eggs, first batch of breeding harvest and parent selection Retain and harvest the second batch of breeding or select and retain the parents at the same time and carry out the third batch of cultivation. The above-mentioned overwintering broodstock cultivation: the stocking density of the broodstock during the wintering period should be determined according to the cultivation conditions, and the water temperature during the wintering period should be kept at 10°C The water quality control indicators are: salinity 20-30, ammonia nitrogen content below 0.5mg/L, dissolved oxygen above 5mg/L, chemical oxygen consumption below 2mg/L; daily water change of 30%, feeding amount of broodstock shrimp 3 to 5% of the body weight, light control at 200Lux, after 2 to 3 months of cultivation, the white prawns begin to mate and lay eggs. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection of the parent shrimps and indoor overwintering: the early winter of each year is selected from the artificial culture ponds, which do not carry infectious pathogens and have strong vitality, as the parent shrimps overwintering. The body length of shrimp should be more than 5.5cm, and the broodstock should be moved into the cement pool for overwintering indoors; add sand to filter the groundwater 20-30cm in the winter pool, soak the broodstock in formalin or potassium permanganate after entering the pool, and then gradually fill up the pool water to dilute drug concentration. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the male to female ratio of broodstock shrimp moved into the indoor overwintering cement pond is 1:0.7. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the concentration of the formalin or potassium permanganate is (100～150)×10 ^-6 or 20×10 ^-6 , and the soaking time is 1 hour . 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brood-brooding shrimp pond is stocked: when the natural water temperature of the pond reaches 12°C, put the brood-breasted shrimp broodstock of the indoor overwintering into the breeding base bait. In the breeding pond, the stocking quantity is 3-5g/m ² , and the dissolved oxygen in the pond water is above 5mg/L. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that there are swimming crabs, shellfish or fish mixed culture in the pond for raising white prawns in a suitable place. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the harvesting of the first batch of cultivation and the selection and retention of parents: after 2-4 months of pond cultivation, the commercial white prawns whose body length reaches 4.5cm are grown in batches Harvest; and keep enough broodstock for the second batch of breeding according to the 1:1 ratio of male and female, and the total density of the number of male and female broodstock is more than 10g/m ² .