CN110663610A - Industrialized early breeding method and system for red swamp crayfish - Google Patents
Industrialized early breeding method and system for red swamp crayfish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1476—Greenhouse gutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
An industrial early breeding method and system for red swamp crayfish is characterized in that: the small net cage is arranged in the multi-span greenhouse pond for temporary breeding, so that the red crayfish can effectively adapt to the water quality condition of a local water source before entering the heating greenhouse, a small amount of natural temperature is increased in advance, the red crayfish is bred in a separated mode in a same pond after entering the greenhouse, when a preset control condition is reached, the separating device is opened, the male and female crayfishes are fully mated and spawned, after 70-80% of the female crayfishes are mated, 80% of the male crayfishes are taken out of the special pond for breeding for the next mating, after the young crayfishes are developed and separated from the parent, the young crayfishes fall from holes in the bottom layer, and are driven through the baffle plate. The externally-connected greenhouse is used for draining water, storing water and purifying, planting water-purifying plants, and can effectively utilize a large-scale pond seedling cultivation area in spring when a large amount of seedlings emerge, so that the cultivation field is enlarged, and the energy consumption is saved. Compared with the traditional greenhouse artificial propagation, the invention can realize 1 month early seedling emergence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aquaculture technology, in particular to a cultivation technology of red swamp crayfish, and specifically relates to an industrial early breeding method and system of red swamp crayfish.
Background
The red crayfish is also called Australia freshwater lobster, four-ridge bare-shell crayfish, red crayfish, academic name four-ridge bare-shell procambarus clarkia: (Cheraxquadricarinatus) Belonging to the genera of arthropoda, Crustacea, decapod, quasi-crayfish and light shell shrimp, the lobster meat has larger individuals and the appearance is close to that of the lobsters in the sea, but belongs to the shrimp species living and breeding in fresh water, the meat quality is compact, smooth and crisp, the taste is delicious and delicious, and the lobster species has higher economic value in the world.
The original producing area of the red chelonian is northern Australia, China is introduced into the red chelonian by the aquatic product research institute in Hubei in 1992, the suitable temperature range is wide and is 5-35 ℃, under the conditions of suitable water temperature and feeding environment, the red chelonian can mature sexually in the same year, the red chelonian can mate and lay eggs for many times in one year, and the laying period is in late spring and early summer under natural conditions. However, the latitude of the original producing area of the red swamp crayfish is greatly different from the internal environment of the Jiangsu, so that the red swamp crayfish cannot be bred in the Jiangsu through wintering naturally, natural population cannot be formed, the fry is difficult to supply effectively, the breeding period is short, and the culture specification of commercial shrimps is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the quality and specification are affected by the shortened growth cycle caused by the late emergence of seedlings of the existing red crayfish, and provides an industrial early breeding method and system for red crayfish, which are more than 1 month earlier than the traditional greenhouse breeding.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows:
an industrial early breeding method of red swamp crayfish is characterized in that:
firstly, building a linked greenhouse, building a breeding pool in the greenhouse, and arranging a natural temperature raising area and an artificial temperature raising area in the breeding pool; water inlet and water outlet of the artificial heating area are all taken from a natural temperature raising area, the aquatic plant purification area in the natural temperature raising area accounts for 50%, and the net cage temporary culture area accounts for 50%; the waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, goldfish algae and reserpilla rosepalae are planted in the aquatic plant purification area to serve as purification plants, the purification plant communities are planted at intervals, the whole breeding time period is guaranteed, and the good purification efficiency and water quality environment can be kept; the net cages in the temporary net cage culture area are alternately arranged in a zigzag manner;
secondly, screening the red crayfish parents cultured outside or around the places when the water temperature of the outside pond is lower than 20 ℃ in the middle and last ten days of 11 months every year, putting the screened red crayfish parents into a net cage of a natural temperature raising area for temporary culture for 5 to 7 days, so that the parents of the red crayfish can have initial adaptation to local water quality and environment, and meanwhile, the parent of the red crayfish can have a natural transition process because the water temperature of the natural temperature raising area is slightly raised and is higher than that of the outside pond by about 3 ℃; the parent shrimps with poor physique activity can be effectively eliminated by temporarily breeding in the net cage, and the strong activity and no diseases of the parent shrimps of the red swamp crayfish entering the artificial heating area are ensured.
Thirdly, perfect heat preservation and heating facilities and equipment are built in the artificial heating area, the aquaculture water is taken from the natural heating area, the temperature of the part of the aquaculture water is higher than that of the external pond, the heating energy consumption is low, the water temperature of the parent of the red crayfish is kept consistent with that of the natural heating area when the parent of the red crayfish is placed in the artificial heating area, and at the moment, the whole environmental conditions basically have no great change and no stress reaction; building a strip-shaped overwintering cement pond in the artificial heating area, erecting a stainless steel mesh culture net above the cement pond, and forming a residual bait, excrement and shrimp egg collecting channel below the stainless steel culture net; the male and female shrimps are cultured in the same pond in a separated mode, the male and female culture sections are separated by movable stainless steel nets, the water body environment is communicated, and the male and female shrimps cannot contact with the water body environment;
fourthly, overwintering management; during the overwintering period, the water temperature is kept at 20 ℃, carrot and compound feed are fed for three days, the bait broken fish is fed for one day, and after the bait broken fish is fed for one day, water is changed 1/3, residual bait is discharged, and the water quality deterioration is prevented. Feeding is controlled to be completed within 3 hours, and feeding is carried out for 1 time a day;
fifthly, intensive cultivation; feeding for 2 times in 1 day, 1 month and 30 days in 1 month and 15 days in the next year, wherein the environmental temperature is increased by 3 ℃ every 7 days, and the environmental temperature is kept at 30 ℃ in 2 months and 20 days; after 5 days at 30 ℃, the female and male shrimps were combined and cultured. Keeping the environment illuminated for 10-12 hours;
sixthly, mating and spawning; at the beginning of 3 months, a large amount of male and female shrimps are mated, after 80% of the female shrimps are mated and lay eggs, 80% of the male shrimps are taken out of the overwintering cement pond for culture, the taken male shrimps can be temporarily cultured and later used for parent shrimps in other breeding ponds, meanwhile, the mating breeding area density is effectively reduced, and the egg-carrying shrimps and the male shrimps are prevented from being mutually laid up and eaten by silkworms, so that egg grains are prevented from falling off. The rest male shrimps can effectively continue mating with the female shrimps which are not mated, and meanwhile, the ambient light time is reduced to 8-10 hours;
seventhly, collecting the juvenile shrimps; after the young shrimps are mature and separated from the parents after 40-45 days, the young shrimps fall down from the holes of the stainless steel mesh below the mating area, are placed into the natural temperature raising area in advance for large-size fry cultivation after cooling and collection, and are sold as the fries after the cultivation is finished. Compared with the traditional greenhouse breeding mode, the mode of seedling breeding and large-size seedling supply is at least 1 month ahead of time, and the survival rate is improved by more than 15%.
The area of the artificial heating area accounts for 20% of the area of the whole multi-span greenhouse.
The net cage is a 3 x 5 x 1.5 m net cage, and a shading object is arranged above the net cage.
The heat-insulating and heating facilities and equipment are boilers, air conditioners or electric heating devices.
The overwintering cement pond adopts 2 rows and 2 columns, and the specification is 4 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 0.7 meter.
The stainless steel breeding net erected above the cement pond is 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 0.3 meter in size, the upper opening is slightly higher than the water surface, escape-proof facilities are arranged on the periphery, and the meshes are 0.5 multiplied by 0.5 cm.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an industrial early breeding system for red swamp crayfish is characterized by comprising:
the multi-span greenhouse 1 has the advantages that the temperature in the multi-span greenhouse 1 is higher than the ambient water temperature by more than 3 ℃, and enough area is used for arranging a natural temperature raising area 2 and an artificial temperature raising area 3; the natural temperature raising area 2 is communicated with the artificial temperature raising area 3 through a pipeline or a culvert additionally provided with a valve;
a natural temperature raising area 2, wherein the natural temperature raising area 2 consists of a plant planting area 4 and a transitional net cage placing area 5, the plant planting area 4 and the transitional net cage placing area 5 are arranged at intervals and are communicated end to end, the water inlet of the first plant planting area 4 or the transitional net cage placing area 5 is communicated with the water outlet of the artificial temperature raising area 3, and the water outlet of the last plant planting area 4 or the transitional net cage placing area 5 is communicated with the water inlet of the artificial temperature raising area 3;
an artificial heating area 3, the artificial heating area 3 is used for the overwintering and breeding of the red crayfish parents, wherein, a boiler, an artificial heating device such as space or electric heating and a radiating fin for temperature equalization are arranged; a plurality of strip-shaped overwintering cement ponds 6 for the red crayfish parents to overwinter are arranged in the manual temperature-adding area 5, stainless steel nets 7 are erected in the overwintering cement ponds 6, anti-escape devices are arranged on the peripheries of the stainless steel nets 7, a channel is formed at the lower parts of the stainless steel nets 7 and used for circulating water, residual baits, excrement and juvenile crayfish to pass through, and a partition 8 for dividing the male and female red crayfish parents to facilitate the separation of the red crayfish parents to overwinter is also arranged in the middle of the stainless steel post 7;
a transition net cage 9, the transition net cage 9 is used for temporarily breeding the screened out external or peripheral cultured red crayfish parents, and the red crayfish parents are arranged in the transition net cage placing area 5 in a zigzag mode.
The lower part of each overwintering cement pond 6 is provided with a juvenile shrimp collecting port and a water outlet, and the juvenile shrimp collecting port and the water outlet are controlled by a three-way valve.
And the water discharged from the overwintering cement pond 6 is treated by a tail water treatment device, then is cooled by a cooling pond, and then enters the natural temperature raising area 2 for circulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the small net cages arranged in the multi-span greenhouse pond for temporary culture, so that the red crayfish can effectively adapt to the water quality condition of a local water source before entering the heating greenhouse, a small amount of natural temperature raising is carried out in the early stage, the overwintering survival rate after entering the greenhouse is improved, the red crayfish is cultured in a separated manner by adopting a male and female pond after entering the greenhouse, when the preset control condition is reached, the separating device is opened, so that the male and female crayfish are fully mated and spawned, after 70-80% of the female crayfish are mated, 80% of the male crayfish are taken out of the special pond for culturing for the next mating, meanwhile, the density of the breeding pond is effectively reduced, a small amount of male crayfish can be further mated with the unmatched female crayfish, after the young crayfish are mature and separated from. The externally-connected greenhouse is used for draining water, storing water and purifying, planting water-purifying plants, and can effectively utilize a large-scale pond seedling cultivation area in spring when a large amount of seedlings emerge, so that the cultivation field is enlarged, and the energy consumption is saved. Compared with the traditional greenhouse artificial propagation, the mode can realize the early seedling emergence for 1 month.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of an early propagation system of a multi-span greenhouse structure of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1.
An industrial early breeding method of red swamp crayfish includes the following steps
1. Building and arranging the multi-span greenhouse;
the multi-span greenhouse is built, 10 mu is taken as an example, 2 mu is an artificial heating greenhouse area, 8 mu is a natural temperature-raising area, water inlet and water outlet of the artificial heating area are taken from the natural temperature-raising area, and a facility aquatic plant purification area and a net cage temporary culture area in the natural temperature-raising area are 50%. Are alternately arranged in a zigzag shape.
2. Temporarily culturing in a net cage in a natural temperature raising area;
in the middle and last ten days of 11 months every year, when the water temperature of an outer pond is lower than 20 ℃, red crayfish cultivated on the outer place or the periphery is screened and then put into a net cage of a natural temperature raising area for temporary cultivation for 5 days, so that the red crayfish can have initial adaptation to local water quality and environment, and meanwhile, because the water temperature rising amplitude of the natural temperature raising area is small and is generally higher than that of the outer pond by about 3 ℃, the red crayfish can have a natural transition process. Generally, the shrimps with bad constitution or diseases have poor vitality and even die within 3 days. The net cage is 3 × 5 × 1.5 m, and a shading object is arranged above the net cage.
3. Purifying the aquatic plants;
the method is characterized in that the waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, hornworts, reserpina, arundo donax, reed and the like are planted to be used as purification plants, the purification plant communities are planted at intervals, the whole breeding time period is guaranteed, and the good purification efficiency and water quality environment can be kept.
4. The artificial heating area overwintering;
the artificial heating area is constructed and perfected with heat preservation and heating facilities and equipment, the breeding water is taken from the natural heating area, the temperature of the part of the water is higher than that of the external pond, the heating energy consumption is less, the water temperature of the red chelonian is kept consistent with that of the natural heating area when the red chelonian is put in, and at the moment, the whole environmental condition is basically not changed greatly. The method comprises the steps of building a long-strip large overwintering cement pond with 2 rows and 2 columns and 4 x 40 x 0.7 meters in specification, assuming that a stainless steel net is 3 x 4 x 0.3 meters above the cement pond, the upper opening is slightly higher than the water surface, arranging escape-proof facilities around the cement pond, and enabling meshes to be 0.5 x 0.5 centimeters, adopting male and female separated cultivation in the same pond, dividing male and female cultivation sections by movable stainless steel nets, and communicating water environments but preventing male and female shrimps from contacting.
5. Managing overwintering;
during the overwintering period, the water temperature is kept at 20 ℃, carrot and compound feed are fed for three days, the broken bait is fed for one day, and after the broken bait is fed for one day, water is changed 1/3, residual bait is discharged, and the water quality deterioration is prevented. The feeding amount is controlled to be proper within 3 hours, and feeding is carried out for 1 time a day.
6. Intensive cultivation;
feeding for 2 times in 1 day, 1 month and 15 days in the next year, 1 month and 30 days, and increasing the ambient temperature by 3 ℃ every 7 days until 2 months and 20 days, wherein the ambient temperature is kept at 30 ℃. After 5 days at 30 ℃, the female and male shrimps were combined and cultured. And keeping the environment to be illuminated for 10-12 hours.
7. Mating and laying eggs;
at the beginning of 3 months, a large amount of male and female shrimps are mated, after 80% of the female shrimps are mated and lay eggs, 80% of the male shrimps are taken out of the special pond for breeding, the special pond can be used for breeding parent shrimps in other breeding ponds, the mating breeding density is effectively reduced, and the egg-carrying shrimps and the male shrimps are prevented from being mutually shelved and eaten by silkworms, so that egg grains are prevented from falling off. The remaining male shrimps can effectively continue mating with the female shrimps which are not mated. Simultaneously, the ambient light time is reduced to 8-10 hours.
8. Collecting young shrimps;
after the young shrimps mature 40 days later and leave the parent, the young shrimps fall down from the holes of the stainless steel mesh below the mating area, after cooling and collection, the young shrimps can be placed into the natural heating area in advance for large-size fry cultivation, the fry breeding and the large-size fry supply are at least 1 month earlier than that of the traditional greenhouse breeding mode, and the survival rate is improved by more than 15%.
Example two.
As shown in fig. 1.
An industrial early breeding system for red swamp crayfish, comprising:
the multi-span greenhouse 1 has the advantages that the temperature in the multi-span greenhouse 1 is higher than the ambient water temperature by more than 3 ℃, and enough area is used for arranging a natural temperature raising area 2 and an artificial temperature raising area 3; taking 10 mu as an example, 2 mu is an artificial heating chamber area, and 8 mu is a natural heating area; the natural temperature raising area 2 is communicated with the artificial temperature raising area 3 through a pipeline or a culvert additionally provided with a valve; the natural heating area 2 and the artificial heating area 3 are separated by a heat preservation wall, and the rest walls of the artificial heating area 3 are subjected to heat preservation treatment, namely the periphery of the artificial heating area is provided with a heat preservation wall body 11;
a natural temperature raising area 2 is composed of a plant planting area 4 and a transition net cage placing area 5, aquatic plants (such as waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, goldfish algae, revival flowers, arundo donax, reed and the like) are planted in the plant planting area 4 to serve as purifying plants, purifying plant communities are planted at intervals (intervals are formed among all water plants or among a certain amount of the same water plants, namely the water plants are intensively planted in a square or circular mode, and intervals are formed among the water plants in the length direction, so that subsequent juvenile shrimps are convenient to cultivate and collect, the ground cages are convenient to place, the whole breeding time period is guaranteed, and good purifying efficiency and water quality environment can be kept. The plant planting area 4 and the transitional net cage placing area 5 are arranged at intervals and are communicated end to end, the water inlet of the first plant planting area 4 or the transitional net cage placing area 5 is communicated with the water outlet of the artificial warming area 3, and the water outlet of the last plant planting area 4 or the transitional net cage placing area 5 is communicated with the water inlet of the artificial warming area 3; the transitional net cages 9 in the transitional net cage placing area 5 are arranged in the transitional net cage placing area 5 in a zigzag manner; so as to facilitate the water body to flow;
an artificial heating area 3, the artificial heating area 3 is used for the overwintering and breeding of the red crayfish parents, wherein, a boiler, a space or electric heating artificial heating device 10 (which can be realized by adopting the prior art and can also be provided with a temperature sensor in the greenhouse, the heating device is controlled by the temperature sensor and works automatically) and a radiating fin (not shown in the figure) for temperature equalization are arranged; the artificial warming area 5 is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped overwintering cement pools 6 for the parents of the red crayfish to live through the winter, groove-shaped stainless steel nets 7 are erected in the overwintering cement pools 6, the size of the stainless steel nets 7 is smaller than that of the overwintering cement pools 6, and at least one space for facilitating manual entering operation is reserved. The periphery of the stainless steel mesh 7 is provided with an anti-escape device, the lower part of the stainless steel mesh 7 forms a channel for circulating water, residual baits, excreta and juvenile shrimps to pass through, and the middle of the stainless steel mesh 7 is also provided with a separation baffle 8 for separating male and female red crayfish parents to live through the winter; 2 rows and 2 columns of long-strip large-scale overwintering cement ponds can be built by taking a 2-mu artificial warming area as convenience, the specification is 4 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 0.7 meter, the specification of a stainless steel net assumed above the cement pond is 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 0.3 meter, the stainless steel net is erected at a certain height from the bottom of the pond, but an upper opening is slightly higher than the water surface, escape-proof facilities are arranged on the periphery, the meshes of the stainless steel net are 0.5 multiplied by 0.5 centimeter, female and male separated cultivation is adopted in the same pond, female and male cultivation sections are divided by movable stainless steel nets, the water environment is communicated, but female shrimps and male shrimps cannot contact. The lower part of each overwintering cement pond 6 is provided with a juvenile shrimp collecting port and a water outlet, and the juvenile shrimp collecting port and the water outlet are controlled by a three-way valve to ensure that only one direction is opened at the same time. The water discharged from the overwintering cement pond 6 is treated by a sewage treatment device (can be treated by adopting water treatment facilities commonly used in the aquatic product industry, can be designed by oneself or directly purchased or ordered), and then preferably enters a natural temperature raising area 2 for circulation after being cooled by a cooling pond so as to prevent the generation of stress reaction during the cultivation of the juvenile shrimps, and the transition device can be directly closed at ordinary times and is started again when in use.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial early breeding method of red swamp crayfish is characterized in that:
firstly, building a linked greenhouse, building a breeding pool in the greenhouse, and arranging a natural temperature raising area and an artificial temperature raising area in the breeding pool; water inlet and water outlet of the artificial heating area are all taken from a natural temperature raising area, the aquatic plant purification area in the natural temperature raising area accounts for 50%, and the net cage temporary culture area accounts for 50%; the waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil, goldfish algae and reserpilla rosepalae are planted in the aquatic plant purification area to serve as purification plants, the purification plant communities are planted at intervals, the whole breeding time period is guaranteed, and the good purification efficiency and water quality environment can be kept; the net cages in the temporary net cage culture area are alternately arranged in a zigzag manner;
secondly, screening the red crayfish parents cultured outside or around the places when the water temperature of the outside pond is lower than 20 ℃ in the middle and last ten days of 11 months every year, putting the screened red crayfish parents into a net cage of a natural temperature raising area for temporary culture for 5 to 7 days, so that the parents of the red crayfish can have initial adaptation to local water quality and environment, and meanwhile, the parent of the red crayfish can have a natural transition process because the water temperature of the natural temperature raising area is slightly raised and is higher than that of the outside pond by about 3 ℃;
thirdly, perfect heat preservation and heating facilities and equipment are built in the artificial heating area, the culture water is taken from the natural heating area, the temperature of the part of the water is higher than that of the water in the outer pond, the heating energy consumption is less, the water temperature of the parent of the crayfish is kept consistent with that of the natural heating area when the parent of the crayfish is put into the artificial heating area, and the whole environmental condition is basically not changed; building a strip-shaped overwintering cement pond in the artificial heating area, erecting a stainless steel mesh culture net above the cement pond, and forming a residual bait, excrement and shrimp egg collecting channel below the stainless steel culture net; the male and female shrimps are cultured in the same pond in a separated mode, the male and female culture sections are separated by movable stainless steel nets, the water body environment is communicated, and the male and female shrimps cannot contact with the water body environment;
fourthly, overwintering management; during the overwintering period, keeping the water temperature at 20 ℃, feeding carrot and compound feed for three days, feeding broken bait for one day, changing water 1/3 after feeding the broken bait for one day, discharging residual bait and preventing water quality deterioration; feeding is controlled to be completed within 3 hours, and feeding is carried out for 1 time a day;
fifthly, intensive cultivation; feeding for 2 times in 1 day, 1 month and 30 days in 1 month and 15 days in the next year, wherein the environmental temperature is increased by 3 ℃ every 7 days, and the environmental temperature is kept at 30 ℃ in 2 months and 20 days; after maintaining the temperature at 30 ℃ for 5 days, merging the female shrimps and the male shrimps for breeding; keeping the environment illuminated for 10-12 hours;
sixthly, mating and spawning; mating a large amount of male and female shrimps at the beginning of 3 months, taking 80% of male shrimps out of the overwintering cement pond for culture after 80% of the female shrimps have been mated and lay eggs, continuously mating the rest male shrimps with the female shrimps which have not been mated, and simultaneously reducing the ambient light time to 8-10 hours;
seventhly, collecting the juvenile shrimps; after the young shrimps mature 40 days later and break away from the parents, the young shrimps fall down from the holes of the stainless steel mesh below the mating area, the young shrimps are collected and placed into the natural temperature raising area in advance for large-size fry cultivation, and the young shrimps are sold as the fries after the cultivation.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the artificial heating area occupies 20% of the whole area of the multi-span greenhouse.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the net cage is a 3 x 5 x 1.5 m net cage, and a shade is provided above the net cage.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating and warming means and equipment is a boiler, an air conditioner or an electric heating device.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hibernating cement pond is in 2 rows and 2 columns, and has a size of 4 x 40 x 0.7 m.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stainless steel net is set up above the cement pool and has a size of 3 x 4 x 0.3 m, the upper opening is slightly higher than the water surface, the escape-proof facilities are arranged around the stainless steel net, and the mesh size is 0.5 x 0.5 cm.
7. An industrial early breeding system for red swamp crayfish is characterized by comprising:
the temperature in the multi-span greenhouse (1) is higher than the ambient water temperature by more than 3 ℃, and enough area is used for arranging a natural temperature raising area (2) and an artificial temperature raising area (3); the natural temperature raising area (2) is communicated with the artificial temperature raising area (3) through a pipeline or a culvert additionally provided with a valve;
a natural temperature raising area (2), wherein the natural temperature raising area (2) consists of a plant planting area (4) and a transitional net cage placing area (5), the plant planting area (4) and the transitional net cage placing area (5) are arranged at intervals and are communicated end to end, the water inlet of the first plant planting area (4) or the transitional net cage placing area (5) is communicated with the water outlet of the artificial temperature raising area (3), and the water outlet of the last plant planting area (4) or the transitional net cage placing area (5) is communicated with the water inlet of the artificial temperature raising area (3);
an artificial heating area (3), the artificial heating area (3) is used for the overwintering and breeding of the red crayfish parents, wherein a boiler, an artificial heating device such as space or electric heating and a radiating fin for temperature equalization are arranged; a plurality of strip-shaped overwintering cement ponds (6) for the parents of the red crayfish to overwinter are arranged in the artificial warming area (5), stainless steel nets (7) are erected in the overwintering cement ponds (6), anti-escape devices are arranged on the periphery of the stainless steel nets (7), a channel is formed at the lower part of the stainless steel nets (7) and is used for circulating water, residual baits, excrement and juvenile shrimps to pass through, and a separation barrier (8) for separating male and female parents of the red crayfish so as to separate the parents of the red crayfish from the overwintering is also arranged in the middle of the stainless steel nets (7);
the transition net cage (9) is used for temporarily breeding the screened out-place or peripheral cultured red crayfish parents, and the red crayfish parents are arranged in the transition net cage placement area (5) in a zigzag mode.
8. The breeding system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the lower part of each of the over-wintering cement ponds (6) is provided with a shrimp larvae collecting port and a water outlet port, and the shrimp larvae collecting port and the water outlet port are controlled by a three-way valve.
9. The breeding system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the water discharged from the over-wintering cement pond (6) is treated by a sewage treatment device, cooled by a cooling pond and then circulated into the natural temperature raising area (2).
10. The breeding system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the artificial heating area (3) is surrounded by thermal insulation walls.
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| CN116098099A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-05-12 | 云南省渔业科学研究院 | In-situ isolation breeding device for indigenous fishes |
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