CN111771792A - Parent breeding method and hatching device for improving breeding efficiency of crayfishes - Google Patents
Parent breeding method and hatching device for improving breeding efficiency of crayfishes Download PDFInfo
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- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial propagation of lobsters, and discloses a parent breeding method and a hatching device for improving the propagation efficiency of crayfishes, which are used for selecting original parents; breeding and selecting the breeding parents: intensive culture of an ecological pond; separate breeding and mating propagation of parent shrimps: after the crayfishes are caught, the male and female lobsters are put in separate ponds for stocking. The method can be used for breeding parent breeding cultivation and selection, ecological pond intensified breeding and parent shrimp separate breeding and mating breeding through original parent selection, so that the development synchronization rate and quality of the sperms and the ova of the crayfish and the freshwater shrimp are improved, the emergence success rate of fertilized ova and the survival rate of offspring seeds are improved, and the breeding efficiency is improved. The invention can ensure the reliable source of the crayfish parents, the conditions in the production process are controllable, the growth and development conditions of the parent shrimps are consistent, the gonad development synchronism is good, the fertility rate is high, the hatchability rate is high, and the survival rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial propagation of lobsters, and particularly relates to a parent breeding method and a parent hatching device for improving the propagation efficiency of crayfishes.
Background
At present, the production of crayfish fries mainly depends on a natural breeding method in a pond, namely, a part of crayfish is caught in the breeding pond every year, and a small amount of grown crayfish is reserved as seeds for the next production of the crayfish. Because the crayfish is difficult to catch all at once, the parent crayfish of different ages can be mixed together; and directly collecting and purchasing the egg-carrying shrimps, putting the collected and purchased egg-carrying shrimps into the pond, and incubating and sprouting the shrimps.
Under the condition, the synchronous development of gonads or fertilized eggs of the shrimps of the parent shrimps is difficult to ensure, the breeding and seedling producing periods of the parent shrimps which are not developed synchronously are greatly prolonged in the mating and breeding process, more eggs which can not be fertilized normally are provided, the specification difference of the hatched shrimps is larger, the individual growth difference is enlarged by one step due to different ingestion abilities of the shrimps, the phenomenon of big injury and small injury can occur, the survival rate is seriously influenced, and the breeding efficiency of the crayfish is maintained at a low level.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) in the prior art, in the breeding process of crayfishes, the breeding and development quality of parent shrimps is poor and the breeding rate is low due to asynchrony.
(2) The parent shrimps are not subjected to intensive cultivation, the fertilization and oviposition cultivation is uneven, and the survival rate of offspring is obviously reduced.
(3) Parent shrimps are not separately bred by male and female, and then are bred in groups, so that the male-female ratio of parents is in a random state, and the ideal 2: 1-3: 1, the fertilization rate is reduced, and the fertilized egg has poor developmental synchronization.
(4) The development and mating time of the parent shrimps are asynchronous, and the sizes of the produced seedlings are irregular.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
the difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is moderate, the hatching equipment is innovative, and the high difficulty of the conventional breeding method is changed, such as the completion of the breeding, the proportion breeding, the artificial hatching and the disease source prevention of the parent shrimps under the artificial intensification condition.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
the invention provides a method for parent selection, parent cultivation and propagation, which is characterized in that parent shrimps are intensively cultivated under artificial conditions, male and female separated cultivation is carried out before mating, the proportion of the male and female parent shrimps is accurate during mating propagation, and the parent shrimps can be disinfected through incubation under artificial facility conditions, so that germ cells, particularly ova, of the parent shrimps can be synchronously developed, and meanwhile, the gonad development quality is improved, so that the high fertility rate, the high hatchability rate, the high emergence rate, the good offspring quality and no germ are generated, and the propagation efficiency is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a parent breeding method and a hatching device for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes.
The invention is realized in such a way that a parent breeding method for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting original parents: in the breeding season of the crayfish, egg-carrying shrimps are collected in lake areas, artificial culture areas and the like which have no epidemic diseases in nearly two years, the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in net cages in a cement pond, the pond water is weak alkaline weak salt water, the pond water is soaked until egg-carrying shrimp groups are basically static, sorting is started, the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors are placed together, and the egg-carrying shrimps are sent into an incubation workshop and placed in respective artificial incubators for incubation.
The hatching apparatus comprises: artificial incubator, water collecting tank, seedling collecting net cage, pump chamber and corresponding connecting pipeline.
An artificial incubator: comprises a box body and a carrier. The loader is close to the bottom of the box body and is divided into three layers of dense nets, grids and circuitous pipes from top to bottom. The dense net plays a role of taking the eggs of the shrimps; the sheets are in a lattice shape consisting of a plurality of vertical sheets, the dense net is upwards supported, the circuitous pipe is downwards fixed, the circuitous pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores towards one side of the bottom of the tank, when the water pump is started, the water spraying holes spray water to the bottom of the tank, and a water supporting layer is formed on the bearing device by the reaction force, so that fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps are fully contacted with water flow in the water supporting layer, and the incubation and the seedling emergence are completed. The upper end of the artificial incubator is provided with a water outlet, so that water flows to the water collecting tank and is directed to the corresponding seedling collecting net cage. The water collecting tank is a long groove, one end of the water collecting tank is provided with a pump chamber separated by a dense net, and a water pump in the water collecting tank supplies water to each circuitous pipe, so that water circulation is formed.
Step two, breeding and selecting the offspring seeds of the breeding parents: during the seedling emergence period, shrimp seeds with the same development period in each hatching pond are collected once every other time, and the shrimp seeds which are collected in the same batch in a large amount and can meet the parent cultivation requirements are combined together for seedling cultivation. The shrimp larvae are cultured in the early stage by a method of growing the shrimp larvae in an underwater pond, artificial feed is fed after the shrimp larvae are put in the pond for a plurality of days, then the artificial feed is fed according to a conventional feeding method, and the shrimp larvae are collected for intermediate culture after being aged. The intermediate culture pond is a soil pond, water plants are planted or ball-shaped water plants are placed at equal intervals after the toxicity disappears after the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, and the aged shrimp seeds are released and cultured after the water plants are treated. During intermediate cultivation, the crushed animal feed is fed once every week by mainly feeding commercial shrimp feed. And (5) carrying out intermediate cultivation to large-size shrimp seeds, and carrying out intensive cultivation on adult shrimps in the ecological pond after catching the shrimps.
Step three, intensive culture of the ecological pond: a common pond is divided into a plurality of planting zones, floating plants and emergent or submerged plants are planted in the planting zones at intervals, and an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and forage is formed. In high-temperature seasons, the aquatic plants grow greatly to form a good shading effect, and the water temperature is controlled. The feed is fed to the emergent or submerged plant belt. Managing according to a conventional adult shrimp culture method, preserving the seeds for overwintering after the adult shrimps grow, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of shrimp eggs at the spring summer crossing of the next year, and carrying out separated culture when the eggs are found to be leafy granules.
Step four, separate breeding and mating reproduction of parent shrimps: since the crayfish is shelled once before reproduction, the crayfish is not shelled from the development period of the sperm and the egg to the reproduction period, and the separated cultivation with higher density can be carried out. The crayfish is caught and then female and male lobsters are put into separate ponds for stocking so as to feed commercial shrimp feed and aquatic animal meat feed, the meat feed accounts for about thirty percent of the total amount, female and male matched breeding is carried out about three weeks of breeding, parent crayfish are matched together according to the proportion of one male to three female, and the breeding can be carried out in a cement pond or a soil pond. The cement pond and the like are shaded, and the rich dissolved oxygen in water is ensured. After mating, when a large number of female ovigerous shrimps are found, the ovigerous shrimps can be moved to a hatching pond or a disinfected pond for hatching.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the method can be used for breeding parent breeding cultivation and selection, ecological pond intensified breeding and parent shrimp separate breeding and mating breeding through original parent selection, so that the development synchronization rate and quality of the sperms and the ova of the crayfish and the freshwater shrimp are improved, the emergence success rate of fertilized ova and the survival rate of offspring seeds are improved, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
The invention can ensure the reliable source of the crayfish parent, the condition in the production process is controllable, the growth and development conditions of the parent crayfish are consistent, the gonad development synchronism is good, the fertilization rate is high, the hatchability and the survival rate are high, and the invention is also beneficial to the production of the specific Pathogen free SPF (specific Pathogen free) shrimp fry.
The method has the advantages of high gonad development synchronization rate of parent shrimps, accurate male and female matching mating, artificial control of breeding conditions and obvious improvement of the breeding rate.
The invention has high fertilization rate, hatchability and fry survival rate, and the production process can provide conditions for the production of healthy disease-free fries.
The invention compares the breeding data with the culture data: naturally breeding the breeding pond to produce seedlings for about 2 months, wherein the seedling yield is small each time, the seedling yield per mu is 300 plus 400 kilograms, and 10-20% of individuals are attacked by breeding; the method for breeding the seedlings has short time, about 7 days from mating to oozing and about 15 days from oozing to seedling emergence, the seedling emergence is relatively regular, the seedling yield per mu is 500 plus 600 kilograms, and the current breeding has no morbidity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a parent breeding method for improving crayfish breeding efficiency according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hatching device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
In fig. 2: 1. a pump chamber; 2. a water pump; 3. 3 connecting a pipeline; 4. a seedling collection net cage; 5. a water collection tank; 6. an artificial incubator.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial incubator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 3: 7. a water outlet; 8. a carrier.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a carrier detour pipe structure provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carrier sheet structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a dense network structure of a carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a parent breeding method and a hatching device for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the parent breeding method for improving crayfish breeding efficiency provided by the present invention comprises:
s101, selecting original parents:
in the breeding season of the crayfish, egg-carrying shrimps are collected in lake areas, artificial culture areas and the like which have no epidemic diseases in nearly two years, the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in net cages in a cement pond, the pond water is weak alkaline weak salt water, the pond water is soaked until egg-carrying shrimp groups are basically static, sorting is started, the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors are placed together, and the egg-carrying shrimps are sent into an incubation workshop and placed in respective artificial incubators for incubation.
The hatching apparatus comprises: artificial incubator, water collecting tank, seedling collecting net cage, pump chamber and corresponding connecting pipeline.
An artificial incubator: comprises a box body and a carrier. The loader is close to the bottom of the box body and is divided into three layers of dense nets, grids and circuitous pipes from top to bottom. The dense net plays a role of taking the eggs of the shrimps; the sheets are in a lattice shape consisting of a plurality of vertical sheets, the dense net is upwards supported, the circuitous pipe is downwards fixed, the circuitous pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores towards one side of the bottom of the tank, when the water pump is started, the water spraying holes spray water to the bottom of the tank, and a water supporting layer is formed on the bearing device by the reaction force, so that fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps are fully contacted with water flow in the water supporting layer, and the incubation and the seedling emergence are completed. The upper end of the artificial incubator is provided with a water outlet, so that water flows to the water collecting tank and is directed to the corresponding seedling collecting net cage. The water collecting tank is a long groove, one end of the water collecting tank is provided with a pump chamber separated by a dense net, and a water pump in the water collecting tank supplies water to each circuitous pipe, so that water circulation is formed.
S102, breeding and selecting the offspring seeds of the breeding parents:
during the seedling emergence period, shrimp seeds with the same development period in each hatching pond are collected once every other time, and the shrimp seeds which are collected in the same batch in a large amount and can meet the parent cultivation requirements are combined together for seedling cultivation. The shrimp larvae are cultured in the early stage by a method of growing the shrimp larvae in an underwater pond, artificial feed is fed after the shrimp larvae are put in the pond for a plurality of days, then the artificial feed is fed according to a conventional feeding method, and the shrimp larvae are collected for intermediate culture after being aged. The intermediate culture pond is a soil pond, water plants are planted or ball-shaped water plants are placed at equal intervals after the toxicity disappears after the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, and the aged shrimp seeds are released and cultured after the water plants are treated. During intermediate cultivation, the crushed animal feed is fed once every week by mainly feeding commercial shrimp feed. And (5) carrying out intermediate cultivation to large-size shrimp seeds, and carrying out intensive cultivation on adult shrimps in the ecological pond after catching the shrimps.
S103, intensive culture of the ecological pond:
a common pond is divided into a plurality of planting zones, floating plants and emergent or submerged plants are planted in the planting zones at intervals, and an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and forage is formed. In high-temperature seasons, the aquatic plants grow greatly to form a good shading effect, and the water temperature is controlled. The feed is fed to the emergent or submerged plant belt. Managing according to a conventional adult shrimp culture method, preserving the seeds for overwintering after the adult shrimps grow, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of shrimp eggs at the spring summer crossing of the next year, and carrying out separated culture when the eggs are found to be leafy granules.
S104, separate cultivation and mating reproduction of parent shrimps:
since the crayfish is shelled once before reproduction, the crayfish is not shelled from the development period of the sperm and the egg to the reproduction period, and the separated cultivation with higher density can be carried out. The crayfish is caught and then female and male lobsters are put into separate ponds for stocking so as to feed commercial shrimp feed and aquatic animal meat feed, the meat feed accounts for about thirty percent of the total amount, female and male matched breeding is carried out about three weeks of breeding, parent crayfish are matched together according to the proportion of one male to three female, and the breeding can be carried out in a cement pond or a soil pond. The cement pond and the like are shaded, and the rich dissolved oxygen in water is ensured. After mating, when a large number of female ovigerous shrimps are found, the ovigerous shrimps can be moved to a hatching pond or a disinfected pond for hatching.
As shown in figure 2, the device comprises a pump chamber, a water pump 2, a connecting pipeline 3, a seedling collecting net cage 4, a water collecting tank 5 and an artificial incubator 6.
The artificial incubator 6 includes: 7 water outlet and 8 load carrier.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial incubator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a carrier detour pipe structure provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carrier sheet structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a dense network structure of a carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Selection of original parents: at the beginning of 8 months in the breeding season of the crayfishes, ovigerous shrimps are collected in lake areas which are not epidemic disease in nearly 2 years, more than 1000 kilograms of the ovigerous shrimps are placed in a temporary culture pond, and 41 shrimps are put in each kilogram on average. Laying the egg-carrying shrimps in a net cage in a cement pond, wherein the stocking amount is 30 kilograms per cubic water body, the pond water is weak alkaline light salt water, the pH is 8.5, the sodium chloride content is 2.5%, when the egg-carrying shrimps are basically static after soaking for 15 minutes, sorting is started, the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors are put together and divided into 3 categories, and the category is sent to an incubation workshop to be placed in respective artificial incubators for incubation. 60 artificial incubators are shared, the volume of each incubator is 125 liters, and 15 kilograms of egg-carrying shrimps are placed in each incubator. The shrimps attached to the abdomen of the female shrimp and shed are hatched.
Comprises a pump chamber 1, a water pump 2, a connecting pipeline 3, a seedling collecting net cage 4, a water collecting tank 5 and an artificial incubator 6.
An artificial incubator: 7 water outlet and 8 load carrier.
The hatching apparatus comprises: artificial hatching case 6, water catch bowl 5, collection seedling net case 4, pump chamber 1 and corresponding connecting tube 3 etc..
An artificial incubator: comprising a box and a carrier 8. The carrier 8 is close to the bottom of the box body and is divided into three layers, namely a dense net, a sheet lattice and a circuitous pipe from top to bottom. The dense net plays a role of taking the eggs of the shrimps; the lamellar lattice is in a lattice shape consisting of a plurality of vertical thin sheets, the dense net is upwards supported, the circuitous pipe is downwards fixed, the circuitous pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores towards one side of the bottom of the tank, when the water pump is started, the water spraying holes spray water to the bottom of the tank, and a water supporting layer is formed on the carrier 8 by the reaction force, so that fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps are fully contacted with water flow in the water supporting layer, and the hatching is completed. The upper end of the artificial incubator is provided with a water outlet 7, so that water flows to the water collecting tank 5 and is applied to the corresponding seedling collecting net box 4. The water collecting tank 5 is a long groove, one end of the water collecting tank is provided with a pump chamber 2 separated by a dense net, and the water pump 2 supplies water to each detour pipe, so that water circulation is formed.
After the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in the artificial incubator, the water pump 2 is started, water flow is sprayed out from the circuitous pipe to the plurality of micropores on one side of the bottom of the incubator, the size of the water flow is adjusted, a water supporting layer is formed on the 8-density net of the bearing device of the incubator, fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps and fallen fertilized eggs are fully contacted with the water flow in the water supporting layer, the incubation and seedling emergence are completed, and 1000 ten thousand of shrimps in total grow seedlings.
(2) Breeding and selecting the breeding parents: during the seedling emergence period, shrimp seedlings with the same development period in each hatching pond are collected once every 12 hours, 300 thousands of synchronous seedlings are collected in the 2 nd batch, and the requirements of parent cultivation can be met and combined together for seedling cultivation. And 5 mu of soil pond, fertilizing the water quality after clearing the pond, and culturing shrimp seedlings in an early stage to grow the shrimp seedlings in the underwater pond. 60 thousands of shrimps are put in a pond, artificial feed is fed after 3 days of putting the shrimps in the pond, then the shrimps are fed according to a conventional feeding method, the shrimps are cultivated for 25 days, and the shrimps are aged and collected for intermediate cultivation. The intermediate culture pond is a soil pond, the pond is cleaned in advance, the aquatic weeds are planted after toxicity disappears, the aged shrimp seeds are stocked after the aquatic weeds are treated, the standard is about 0.8 cm, the stocking density is 80000 tails per mu, 1 mu per mouth of the pond is 2 mu in total, and the other shrimp seeds about 280 ten thousand are sold. During intermediate cultivation, the crushed screwed meat is fed once every week by mainly feeding commercial shrimp feed, and accounts for about 30% of daily ration. After the shrimp seeds are cultivated for about 1 month till the large-size shrimp seeds are about 5 cm long, and after the shrimp seeds are caught, the shrimp seeds are subjected to intensive culture in an ecological pond.
(3) Intensive culture of an ecological pond: a common pond is divided into a plurality of planting zones, water lettuce and water generating plants are planted in the planting zones at intervals, the planting zones are about 2 meters wide, and an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and find food is formed. When the temperature is over 35 ℃, the aquatic plants grow greatly to form good shading effect, and the water temperature is maintained below 26 ℃ and is controlled. The feed is fed in the zone with the water peanuts. Managing according to a conventional adult shrimp culture method, culturing for 1 month to obtain adult shrimps, and then preserving the seeds in an original pool for overwintering. Feeding when the water temperature rises to above 13 ℃ at the end of 3 months after overwintering, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs at the spring summer, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs, catching parent shrimps when the eggs are in the form of leaf granules, and carrying out separate culture.
(4) Separate breeding and mating propagation of parent shrimps: since the crayfish is shelled once before reproduction, the crayfish is not shelled from the development period of the sperm and the egg to the reproduction period, and the separated cultivation with higher density can be carried out. In the middle ten 4 months, after the crayfish is caught, the male and female crayfish are put in separate ponds for stocking, commercial crayfish feed and crushed snail meat are fed, meat feed accounts for about thirty percent of the total daily ration, male and female matched breeding is carried out about three weeks, 7.0 million female crayfish and 2.4 male crayfish are matched together according to the proportion of one male shrimp to three female shrimp, and the breeding is carried out in a soil pond. Shading the soil pond and simultaneously ensuring that the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 4 mg/L. After mating, when a large number of female ovigerous shrimps are found, the ovigerous shrimps can be moved to a hatching workshop for hatching.
About 1400 million shrimp seedlings are produced by about 7.0 million female shrimps and are about 40 percent higher than that of the traditional natural propagation method.
Example 2
(1) Selection of original parents: at the beginning of 8 months in the breeding season of the crayfishes, ovigerous shrimps are collected in an artificial breeding area which does not have epidemic diseases in nearly 2 years, more than 1000 kilograms of the ovigerous shrimps are placed in a temporary breeding pond, and 40 shrimps per kilogram are collected on average. Laying the egg-carrying shrimps in a net cage in a cement pond, wherein the stocking amount is 30 kilograms per cubic water body, the pond water is weak alkaline light salt water, the pH is 8.5, the sodium chloride content is 2.5%, when the egg-carrying shrimps are basically static after soaking for 15 minutes, sorting is started, the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors are put together and divided into 3 categories, and the category is sent to an incubation workshop to be placed in respective artificial incubators for incubation. 60 artificial incubators are shared, the volume of each incubator is 125 liters, and 15 kilograms of egg-carrying shrimps are placed in each incubator. The shrimps attached to the abdomen of the female shrimp and shed are hatched.
Comprises a pump chamber 1, a water pump 2, a connecting pipeline 3, a seedling collecting net cage 4, a water collecting tank 5 and an artificial incubator 6.
An artificial incubator: 7 water outlet and 8 load carrier.
The hatching apparatus comprises: artificial hatching case 6, water catch bowl 5, collection seedling net case 4, pump chamber 1 and corresponding connecting tube 3 etc..
An artificial incubator: comprising a box and a carrier 8. The carrier 8 is close to the bottom of the box body and is divided into three layers, namely a dense net, a sheet lattice and a circuitous pipe from top to bottom. The dense net plays a role of taking the eggs of the shrimps; the lamellar lattice is in a lattice shape consisting of a plurality of vertical thin sheets, the dense net is upwards supported, the circuitous pipe is downwards fixed, the circuitous pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores towards one side of the bottom of the tank, when the water pump is started, the water spraying holes spray water to the bottom of the tank, and a water supporting layer is formed on the carrier 8 by the reaction force, so that fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps are fully contacted with water flow in the water supporting layer, and the hatching is completed. The upper end of the artificial incubator is provided with a water outlet 7, so that water flows to the water collecting tank 5 and is applied to the corresponding seedling collecting net box 4. The water collecting tank 5 is a long groove, one end of the water collecting tank is provided with a pump chamber 2 separated by a dense net, and the water pump 2 supplies water to each detour pipe, so that water circulation is formed.
After the egg-carrying shrimps are placed in the artificial incubator, the water pump 2 is started, water flow is sprayed out from the circuitous pipe to the plurality of micropores on one side of the bottom of the incubator, the size of the water flow is adjusted, a water supporting layer is formed on the 8-density net of the bearing device of the incubator, fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps and fallen fertilized eggs are fully contacted with the water flow in the water supporting layer, the incubation and seedling emergence are completed, and 1000 ten thousand of shrimps in total grow seedlings.
(2) Breeding and selecting the breeding parents: during the seedling emergence period, shrimp seedlings with the same development period in each hatching pond are collected once every 12 hours, 300 thousands of synchronous seedlings are collected in the 2 nd batch, and the requirements of parent cultivation can be met and combined together for seedling cultivation. And 5 mu of soil pond, fertilizing the water quality after clearing the pond, and culturing shrimp seedlings in an early stage to grow the shrimp seedlings in the underwater pond. 60 thousands of shrimps are put in a pond, artificial feed is fed after 3 days of putting the shrimps in the pond, then the shrimps are fed according to a conventional feeding method, the shrimps are cultivated for 25 days, and the shrimps are aged and collected for intermediate cultivation. The middle culture pond is a soil pond, spherical aquatic weeds are placed at equal intervals after toxicity disappears after the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, the aged shrimp seeds are released and cultured after the aquatic weeds are treated, the specification of the pond is about 0.8 cm, the release density is 80000 shrimps per mu, the total number is 1 mu per pond per mu, and the other shrimp seeds about 280 ten thousand are sold. During intermediate cultivation, the crushed screwed meat is fed once every week by mainly feeding commercial shrimp feed, and accounts for about 30% of daily ration. After the shrimp seeds are cultivated for about 1 month till the large-size shrimp seeds are about 5 cm long, and after the shrimp seeds are caught, the shrimp seeds are subjected to intensive culture in an ecological pond.
(3) Intensive culture of an ecological pond: a common pond is divided into a plurality of planting zones, water lettuce and water generating plants are planted in the planting zones at intervals, the planting zones are about 2 meters wide, and an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and find food is formed. When the temperature is over 35 ℃, the aquatic plants grow greatly to form good shading effect, and the water temperature is maintained below 26 ℃ and is controlled. The feed is fed in the zone with the water peanuts. Managing according to a conventional adult shrimp culture method, culturing for 1 month to obtain adult shrimps, and then preserving the seeds in an original pool for overwintering. Feeding when the water temperature rises to above 13 ℃ at the end of 3 months after overwintering, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs at the spring summer, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs, catching parent shrimps when the eggs are in the form of leaf granules, and carrying out separate culture.
(4) Separate breeding and mating propagation of parent shrimps: since the crayfish is shelled once before reproduction, the crayfish is not shelled from the development period of the sperm and the egg to the reproduction period, and the separated cultivation with higher density can be carried out. In the middle ten 4 months, after the crayfishes are caught, the male and female crayfishes are put into separate ponds for stocking, commercial crayfish feed and crushed snail meat are fed, meat feed accounts for about thirty percent of the total daily ration, male and female matched breeding is carried out about three weeks, 7.0 million female crayfishes and 2.4 male crayfishes are matched together according to the proportion of one male shrimp to three female shrimps, and the breeding is carried out in a cement pond and the like. Shading the cement pond and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 4 mg/L. After mating, when a large number of female ovigerous shrimps are found, the ovigerous shrimps can be moved to a disinfected pond for hatching.
About 1400 million shrimp seedlings are produced by about 7.0 million female shrimps and are about 40 percent higher than that of the traditional natural propagation method.
The method comprises the following steps: the shrimp seedlings bred by the original parents are bred into shrimps, and the shrimps are bred into larvae through intensive breeding and male and female separated breeding before matched breeding. Compared with the prior breeding method: old parents are caught and new parents are added. 1-year-old larvae (larvae after first peeling) produced by the two methods are cultivated for 20 days, the average individual weight of the 1-year-old larvae is 5.45 +/-3.65 g, and the average individual weight of the 1-year-old larvae is 4.33 +/-4.05 g.
Example 3
Randomly taking 50 egg-carrying shrimps generated by the method and 50 egg-carrying shrimps collected in the current seedling pond at the beginning, middle ten days and the end of the 9 months, and carrying out in-vitro hatching, wherein the emergence amount of the former shrimps is 18000, 18900 and 20300, and 381 tail seedlings are averagely grown for each female shrimp; the emergence rates of the latter are 19500, 17000 and 11000 respectively, and the average yield of 316 tails of each female shrimp is average. The average seedling yield of the former female individuals is significantly higher than that of the latter.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A parent breeding method for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting original parents: collecting egg-carrying shrimps in lake areas and artificial culture areas where epidemic diseases do not occur, placing the egg-carrying shrimps in net cages in a pool, soaking the pool water in weak alkaline weak salt water until egg-carrying shrimp groups are static, sorting, putting the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors together, putting the egg-carrying shrimps into an incubation device, and putting the egg-carrying shrimps into respective artificial incubators for incubation;
step two, breeding and selecting the offspring seeds of the breeding parents: during the seedling emergence period, collecting the shrimp seeds with the same development period in each hatching pond once at intervals, and merging the shrimp seeds which have larger collection amount in the same batch and can meet the parent cultivation requirement for seedling cultivation;
step three, intensive culture of the ecological pond: dividing a common pond into a plurality of planting zones, planting floating plants and emergent or submerged plants at intervals in the planting zones to form an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and forage;
step four, separate breeding and mating reproduction of parent shrimps: after the crayfish is caught, the male and female crayfish are put in separate ponds for stocking, and then male and female matched breeding is carried out by feeding commercial shrimp feed and aquatic animal meat bait.
2. The parent breeding method for improving the propagation efficiency of crayfish according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the fry is cultivated in an early stage and fed into an underwater pond, artificial feed is fed into the pond for several days, then the artificial feed is fed, and after the fry is aged, the fry is collected and cultivated in an intermediate stage; the intermediate culture pond is a soil pond, aquatic weeds are planted or ball-shaped aquatic weeds are placed at equal intervals after the toxicity disappears after the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, and the aged shrimp fries are released and cultured after the aquatic weeds are treated;
during intermediate cultivation, feeding the crushed animal feed once every week by taking commercial shrimp feed as main feed; and (5) carrying out intermediate cultivation to large-size shrimp seeds, and carrying out intensive cultivation on adult shrimps in the ecological pond after catching the shrimps.
3. A parent breeding method for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, in the season of high temperature, shading is performed by using aquatic plants;
feeding the feed to an emergent or submerged plant zone;
and after the shrimp grows, the shrimp is preserved and overwintering, the development stage of the shrimp eggs is checked by sampling in spring and summer in the next year, and the separated culture is carried out when the eggs are granular in leaves.
4. The method for breeding parents to improve the breeding efficiency of crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the meat feed accounts for thirty percent of the total amount in the fourth step, the breeding is carried out for three weeks, and the parent crayfish is bred together in a ratio of one male to three female in a cement pond or a soil pond.
5. The method for breeding parents to improve the breeding efficiency of crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for breeding parents to improve the breeding efficiency of crayfish comprises:
(1) selection of original parents: collecting egg-carrying shrimps in an artificial culture area which does not have epidemic diseases in nearly 2 years at the beginning of 8 months in the breeding season of the crayfish, and putting more than 1000 kilograms of the collected egg-carrying shrimps in a temporary culture pond, wherein the average amount of the collected egg-carrying shrimps is 40 per kilogram; laying the egg-carrying shrimps in a net cage in a cement pond, wherein the stocking amount is 30 kilograms per cubic water body, the pond water is weak alkaline light salt water, the pH is 8.5, the content of sodium chloride is 2.5 percent, the egg-carrying shrimps are sorted when the egg-carrying shrimps are basically static after being soaked for 15 minutes, the egg-carrying shrimps with consistent seed colors are put together and divided into 3 categories, and the categories are sent to an incubation workshop to be placed in respective artificial incubators for incubation; 60 artificial incubators are shared, the volume of each incubator is 125 liters, and 15 kilograms of egg-carrying shrimps are put into each incubator; hatching the shrimps attached to the abdomen of the female shrimps and the shed shrimps;
(2) breeding and selecting the breeding parents: during the seedling emergence period, shrimp seedlings with the same development period in each hatching pond are collected once every 12 hours, 300 thousands of synchronous seedlings are collected in the 2 nd batch, and the requirements of parent culture can be met and combined together for seedling culture; and 5 mu of soil pond, fertilizing the water quality after clearing the pond, and culturing shrimp seedlings in an early stage to grow the shrimp seedlings in the underwater pond. Breeding 60 million shrimps per mu, feeding artificial feed after 3 days of putting the shrimps in the pond, then feeding the shrimps according to a conventional feeding method for 25 days, aging the shrimps, collecting and carrying out intermediate breeding; the middle culture pond is a soil pond, ball-shaped aquatic weeds are placed at equal intervals after toxicity disappears after the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, the aged shrimp seeds are released and cultured after the aquatic weeds are treated, the specification is 0.8 cm, the releasing density is 80000 shrimps per mu, 1 mu of each pond is 2 mu in total, and the rest shrimp seeds about 280 ten thousand are sold; during intermediate cultivation, the crushed screwed meat is fed once every week by mainly feeding commercial shrimp feed, and accounts for about 30% of daily ration. After the intermediate cultivation for about 1 month, the large-size shrimp seeds grow to 5 cm in length, and after the large-size shrimp seeds are caught, the adult shrimps are subjected to intensive cultivation in an ecological pond;
(3) intensive culture of an ecological pond: a common pond is divided into a plurality of planting zones, water lettuce and water generating plants are planted in the planting zones at intervals, the planting zones are about 2 meters wide, and an ecological environment for crayfish to hide, perch and find food is formed. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the aquatic plants grow greatly to form shading effect, the water temperature is maintained below 26 ℃, and the water temperature is controlled; feeding the feed in the zone with the peanuts; managing according to a conventional adult shrimp culture method, culturing for 1 month to obtain adult shrimps, and then preserving the seeds in an original pool for overwintering; feeding when the water temperature rises to above 13 ℃ at the end of 3 months after overwintering, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs at the spring summer, regularly sampling and checking the development stage of the shrimp eggs, catching parent shrimps when the eggs are in the form of leaf granules, and carrying out isolated culture;
(4) separate breeding and mating propagation of parent shrimps: because the crayfish is shelled once before reproduction, the crayfish is not shelled from the development period of the sperm and the egg to the reproduction period, and the separated cultivation with higher density is carried out; in the middle ten 4 months, after the crayfishes are caught, the male and female crayfishes are put into separate ponds for stocking, commercial crayfish feed and crushed snail meat are fed, meat feed accounts for thirty percent of the total daily ration, male and female matched breeding is carried out for three weeks, 7.0 million female crayfishes and 2.4 male crayfishes are matched together according to the proportion of one male to three female, and the breeding is carried out in a cement pond; shading the cement pond and simultaneously ensuring 4 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in water; after mating, when a large number of female ovigerous shrimps are found, the ovigerous shrimps are moved to a sterilized pond for hatching.
6. An incubation device for implementing a parent breeding method for improving the breeding efficiency of crayfishes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the incubation device comprising:
comprises a pump chamber, a water pump, a connecting pipeline, a seedling collecting net box, a water collecting tank and an artificial incubator; the upper end of the artificial incubator is provided with a water outlet, so that water flows to the water collecting tank and is applied to the corresponding seedling collecting net cage; the water collecting tank is a long groove, one end of the water collecting tank is provided with a pump chamber separated by a dense net, and the water pump supplies water to each circuitous pipe to form water circulation.
7. An incubation device according to claim 6, wherein said artificial incubator comprises a housing and a carrier;
the carrier is close to the bottom of the box body, and is divided into three layers of dense nets, sheets and roundabout pipes from top to bottom; the dense net plays a role of taking the eggs of the shrimps; the sheets are in a lattice shape consisting of a plurality of vertical sheets, the dense net is upwards supported, the circuitous pipe is downwards fixed, the circuitous pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores towards one side of the bottom of the tank, when the water pump is started, the water spraying holes spray water to the bottom of the tank, and a water supporting layer is formed on the bearing device by the reaction force, so that fertilized eggs of the egg-carrying shrimps are fully contacted with water flow in the water supporting layer, and the incubation and the seedling emergence are completed.
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