CN103749367B - A kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding - Google Patents
A kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749367B CN103749367B CN201410039044.5A CN201410039044A CN103749367B CN 103749367 B CN103749367 B CN 103749367B CN 201410039044 A CN201410039044 A CN 201410039044A CN 103749367 B CN103749367 B CN 103749367B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding, comprises the steps: introducing a fine variety of (1) basic population; (2) screening of basic population; (3) strengthening of close shrimp; (4) family is set up; (5) standardized nursery; (6) independence of family is cultivated; (7) family test; (8) target family is determined; (9) expand numerous; (10) unexpected mass incident of target family; (11) conservation.Compared with prior art, the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding provided by the invention, has the advantage of high yield, stable yields, degeneration-resistant applicable China high salinity and low salinity stocking environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seed selection field of cultured prawn improved seeds, exactly refer to a kind of selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding.
Background technology
China is Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low cultivation big country, within 1999, starts the important kind becoming China's prawn culturing, develops rapidly, become national popularity so far in southern three provinces, output accounts for the first foster shrimp kind.While production high speed development, occur that seedling quality is uneven, carry the serious problems such as virus and poor growth, directly threatened the sustainable development of China's Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low aquaculture industry.Strengthen the election effects of prawn culturing kind, set up genetic breeding center, emphasis is cultivated strong stress resistance, is adapted to the fine quality of intensive culture, is the requisite measure ensureing that shrimp culture industry develops in a healthy way.
Up till now without stopping, cultivate the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low strain that 4 are applied to breeding production abroad, two are that growth is fast but resistance is poor, although the growth of this two strain is fast compared with the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low without seed selection, but in breeding production process, resistance is poor, badly regional at breeding environment, there is no strict management and technology, be not suitable for cultivating this strain; 3rd Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low strain has anti-spy and draws syndrome virus (Taurasyndromevirus, TSV) characteristic, but growth rate does not comparatively have the strain of seed selection slow 30%, and resistance is also poor; 4th strain is the natural strain of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, and growth rate is not as good as the first two strain, and anti-TSV is not as good as the 3rd strain, but degeneration-resistant compared with the first two strain.That is, go back neither one strain degeneration-resistant and growth rate are combined.
The Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low that China cultivates is the fast strain of growth of U.S.'s cultivation and the natural strain in South America and the Gulf of Mexico mainly, and anti-TSV selected strain does not also have large-scale cultivation.Due to chronicity, the continuity of seed selection work, and breeding environment is in constantly change, worsens, and seed selection work, healthy parent's seed selection and healthy shrimp raising technology relatively lag behind.The EarlyMortalitySyndrome (EMS) so far from 2009, starts generally popular in Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling also known as AcuteHepatopancreaticNecrosisSyndrome (AHPNS); Cultivate into shrimp and generally occur the anomalies such as acute death in month, lethality rise, size specification is uneven, form is lopsided, poor growth and feed coefficient rising.Although Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low scale whole artificial propagation technology has realized extensive industrialization; but the seedling seed selection of SPF Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low and propagating and cultivating technology and SPR Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding technology deficient; even if some production units introduce SPF Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock from the U.S. be used for Seedling production; also infected very soon and cause quality to decline very soon; to have to the repeatedly importation of redundant technical facilities, spend huge foreign exchange.Therefore, as early as possible seed selection and breed not with specific pathogen, strong stress resistance, growth is quick, proterties is stablized, the healthy parent of Litoenaeus vannamei and health young shrimp, be the task of top priority ensureing China's Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low aquaculture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned defect, the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding of a kind of high yield, stable yields, degeneration-resistant applicable China high salinity and low salinity stocking environment.
In order to solve above technical problem, the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
(1) the introducing a fine variety of basic population: collect Central and South America, the natural population of region, the Gulf of Mexico or the strain 5 ~ 10 of artificially breeding, independently raises, sampling, and virus PCR detects, and the strain leaving total negative does basic population;
(2) screening of basic population: analysis of genetic diversity is carried out to the strain in each source, determines their affiliation, retain the strain 5 ~ 8 of edge far away;
(3) strengthening of close shrimp: raise close relative shrimp, optimize energetic, body surface smooth, nothing deformity, body weight is greater than the conduct close shrimp for subsequent use of average weight more than 20%;
(4) family is set up: utilize the male shrimp spermatophore of artificial graft, set up the family 100 ~ 120 of selfing and hybridization, wherein set up family half sibs 50 ~ 60 within the time of 5 days;
(5) standardized nursery: adopt standardization in family seedling raising process, water temperature 28 ~ 32 DEG C, salinity 26 ~ 32 ‰, cultivates density 100,000 ~ 200,000/m
3, feed intake, to change water all operations consistent: zoea stage uses Chaetoceros, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Acanthosoma, uses Chaetoceros and Skeletonema Costatum, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Post larval uses fairy shrimp, and every 1,000,000 shrimp seedlings fairy shrimp just hatched of throwing something and feeding is no less than 0.75 kilogram; Training seedling whole process uses high-quality prawn slice;
(6) independence of family is cultivated: shrimp seed rearing is to P5 ~ 7 stage, and family is independently raised, and separately, conservation is at 4m for conservation and test
2cement pit, stocking density 100 ~ 200 tails/m
3, test is divided into high salinity 20 ~ 30 ‰ and Low-salinity 3 ~ 5 ‰; Test is at 400 ~ 600m
2cultivating pool, several net cages are set up in cultivating pool, family isolation, independent raising, when shrimp seedling cultivates 3 ~ 4cm, by each family of fluorescence labeling, after having marked, net cage is supported 3 ~ 5 days temporarily, being put into cultivating pool by merging after the shrimp of survival counting, supplementing the shrimp seedling of specification 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, making cultivation density reach 50/m
3;
(7) family test: cultivate 60 ~ 80 days, when marking shrimp specification at 9 ~ 11cm, fishing for all familys, family being separated according to different colors and mark position, measures total length, body length, body weight, survives quantity;
(8) target family is determined: according to growth rate, body weight and survival rate rank, determines that best male parent's family and female parent's family are as target family;
(9) expand numerous: each target family selfing is expanded cultivation 10 ~ 1,000,000 tail;
(10) unexpected mass incident of target family: first time is selected, and shrimp seedling cultivated through more than 50 ~ 60 days, and body length is at more than 8cm, and body weight is more than 9 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain reaches 25% ~ 50%; Second time is selected, and first time selects cultivation more than one month later, and body reaches more than 11cm, and body weight reaches more than 20 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain is 20% ~ 40%; Third time is selected, and cultivate more than 9 months, and body weight is more than 40 grams, and now large, health of picking individual, body surface not damaged, cheek clean, nothing is lopsided shrimp give over to parent, and the rate of selecting and remain is 40% ~ 50%;
(11) conservation: the self-fertilization family (sff) of each basic population after character test is as follow-on basic population.
Preferably, in step (4), family is set up: utilize artificial graft, set up the family 100 ~ 120 of selfing and hybridization, wherein set up family half sibs 50 ~ 60 within the time of 5 days, wherein, the spermatophore of a male shrimp transplants two female shrimps.
Compared with prior art, the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding provided by the invention, has the advantage of high yield, stable yields, degeneration-resistant applicable China high salinity and low salinity stocking environment.
Embodiment
In order to those skilled in the art can understand technical scheme provided by the present invention better, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The selection of the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises the steps:
(1) the introducing a fine variety of basic population: collect Central and South America, the natural population of region, the Gulf of Mexico or the strain 5 ~ 10 of artificially breeding, independently raises, sampling, and virus PCR detects, and the strain leaving total negative does basic population;
(2) screening of basic population: analysis of genetic diversity is carried out to the strain in each source, determines their affiliation, retain the strain 5 ~ 8 of edge far away;
(3) strengthening of close shrimp: raise close relative shrimp, optimize energetic, body surface smooth, nothing deformity, body weight is greater than the conduct close shrimp for subsequent use of average weight more than 20%;
(4) family is set up: utilize artificial graft, set up the family 100 ~ 120 of selfing and hybridization, wherein set up family half sibs 50 ~ 60 within the time of 5 days, wherein, the spermatophore of a male shrimp transplants two female shrimps;
(5) standardized nursery: adopt standardization in family seedling raising process, water temperature 28 ~ 32 DEG C, salinity 26 ~ 32 ‰, cultivates density 100,000 ~ 200,000/m
3, feed intake, to change water all operations consistent: zoea stage uses Chaetoceros, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Acanthosoma, uses Chaetoceros and Skeletonema Costatum, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Post larval uses fairy shrimp, and every 1,000,000 shrimp seedlings fairy shrimp just hatched of throwing something and feeding is no less than 0.75 kilogram; Training seedling whole process uses high-quality prawn slice;
(6) independence of family is cultivated: shrimp seed rearing is to P5 ~ 7 stage, and family is independently raised, and separately, conservation is at 4m for conservation and test
2cement pit, stocking density 100 ~ 200 tails/m
3, test is divided into high salinity 20 ~ 30 ‰ and Low-salinity 3 ~ 5 ‰; Test is at 400 ~ 600m
2cultivating pool, several net cages are set up in cultivating pool, family isolation, independent raising, when shrimp seedling cultivates 3 ~ 4cm, by each family of fluorescence labeling, after having marked, net cage is supported 3 ~ 5 days temporarily, being put into cultivating pool by merging after the shrimp of survival counting, supplementing the shrimp seedling of specification 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, making cultivation density reach 50/m
3;
(7) family test: cultivate 60 ~ 80 days, when marking shrimp specification at 9 ~ 11cm, fishing for all familys, family being separated according to different colors and mark position, measures total length, body length, body weight, survives quantity;
(8) target family is determined: according to growth rate, body weight and survival rate rank, determines that best male parent's family and female parent's family are as target family;
(9) expand numerous: each target family selfing is expanded cultivation 10 ~ 1,000,000 tail;
(10) unexpected mass incident of target family: first time is selected, and shrimp seedling cultivated through more than 50 ~ 60 days, and body length is at more than 8cm, and body weight is more than 9 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain reaches 25% ~ 50%; Second time is selected, and first time selects cultivation more than one month later, and body reaches more than 11cm, and body weight reaches more than 20 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain is 20% ~ 40%; Third time is selected, and cultivate more than 9 months, and body weight is more than 40 grams, and now large, health of picking individual, body surface not damaged, cheek clean, nothing is lopsided shrimp give over to parent, and the rate of selecting and remain is 40% ~ 50%;
(11) conservation: the self-fertilization family (sff) of each basic population after character test is as follow-on basic population.
Compared with prior art, the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding provided by the invention, has the advantage of high yield, stable yields, degeneration-resistant applicable China high salinity and low salinity stocking environment.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (2)
1. a selection for Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) the introducing a fine variety of basic population: collect Central and South America, the natural population of region, the Gulf of Mexico or the strain 5 ~ 10 of artificially breeding, independently raises, sampling, and virus PCR detects, and the strain leaving total negative does basic population;
(2) screening of basic population: analysis of genetic diversity is carried out to the strain in each source, determines their affiliation, retain the strain 5 ~ 8 of edge far away;
(3) strengthening of close shrimp: raise close relative shrimp, optimize energetic, body surface smooth, nothing deformity, body weight is greater than the conduct close shrimp for subsequent use of average weight 20%;
(4) family is set up: utilize the male shrimp spermatophore of artificial graft, set up the family 100 ~ 120 of selfing and hybridization, wherein set up family half sibs 50 ~ 60 within the time of 5 days;
(5) standardized nursery: adopt standardization in family seedling raising process, water temperature 28 ~ 32 DEG C, salinity 26 ~ 32 ‰, cultivates density 100,000 ~ 200,000 tails/m
3, feed intake, to change water all operations consistent: zoea stage uses Chaetoceros, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Acanthosoma, uses Chaetoceros and Skeletonema Costatum, and quantity is no less than 50,000/mL; Post larval uses fairy shrimp, and every 1,000,000 shrimp seedlings fairy shrimp just hatched of throwing something and feeding is no less than 0.75 kilogram; Training seedling whole process uses high-quality prawn slice;
(6) independence of family is cultivated: shrimp seed rearing is to P5 ~ 7 stage, and family is independently raised, and separately, conservation is at 4m for conservation and test
2cement pit, stocking density 100 ~ 200 tails/m
3, test is divided into high salinity 20 ~ 30 ‰ and Low-salinity 3 ~ 5 ‰; Test is at 400 ~ 600m
2cultivating pool, several net cages are set up in cultivating pool, family isolation, independent raising, when shrimp seedling cultivates 3 ~ 4cm, by each family of fluorescence labeling, after having marked, net cage is supported 3 ~ 5 days temporarily, being put into cultivating pool by merging after the shrimp of survival counting, supplementing the shrimp seedling of specification 0.8 ~ 1.0cm, making cultivation density reach 50 tails/m
3;
(7) family test: cultivate 60 ~ 80 days, when marking shrimp specification at 9 ~ 11cm, fishing for all familys, family being separated according to different colors and mark position, measures total length, body length, body weight, survives quantity;
(8) target family is determined: according to growth rate, body weight and survival rate rank, determines that best male parent's family and female parent's family are as target family;
(9) expand numerous: each target family selfing is expanded cultivation 10 ~ 1,000,000 tail;
(10) unexpected mass incident of target family: first time is selected, and shrimp seedling cultivated through more than 60 days, and body length is at more than 8cm, and body weight is more than 9 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain reaches 25% ~ 50%; Second time is selected, and first time selects cultivation more than one month later, and body reaches more than 11cm, and body weight reaches more than 20 grams, and the rate of selecting and remain is 20% ~ 40%; Third time is selected, and cultivate more than 9 months, and body weight is more than 40 grams, and now large, health of picking individual, body surface not damaged, cheek clean, nothing is lopsided shrimp give over to parent, and the rate of selecting and remain is 40% ~ 50%;
(11) conservation: the self-fertilization family (sff) of each basic population after character test is as follow-on basic population.
2. the selection of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), family is set up: utilize artificial graft, the family 100 ~ 120 of selfing and hybridization is set up within the time of 5 days, wherein set up family half sibs 50 ~ 60, wherein, the spermatophore of a male shrimp transplants two female shrimps.
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| CN110235827A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-17 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A kind of parent shrimp rearing method of high salinity mariculture prawn |
| CN110292011A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-01 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A kind of suitable salt-soda soil cultured prawn seed shrimp breeding method |
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| CN110292011A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-01 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | A kind of suitable salt-soda soil cultured prawn seed shrimp breeding method |
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