CN103004669A - Factory breeding method for epinephelus akaara fries - Google Patents
Factory breeding method for epinephelus akaara fries Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a factory breeding method for epinephelus akaara fries. The factory breeding method is a large-scale breeding method for the epinephelus akaara fries, and comprises the steps as follows: incubating fertilized eggs of epinephelus akaara for 16 h, distributing the floating eggs into a fry breeding pond, controlling the distribution density to be 5-8 g/m<3> and the water temperature to be 24 DEG C, heating at a speed of 0.5 DEG C per 12 h until the water temperature is 26 DEG C, and starting to breed at the constant temperature; incubating the epinephelus akaara fries for 3 days and starting to feed the epinephelus akaara fries; and feeding with fertilized eggs of oyster on the third to sixth day, feeding with oyster larvae and SS rotifers on the fifth to seventh day, feeding with rotifers on the eighth to twentieth day, starting to feed with artemia nauplii after the eightieth day, starting to feed with artemia adults on the fortieth day, and starting to gradually feed with compound feed after the forty-fifth day. Plenty of baits are guaranteed to be supplied and the epinephelus akaara fries are regularly screened and subjected to the detection of viral nervous necrosis disease in the breeding process. The survival rate of the epinephelus akaara fries during the feeding period can reach more than 30%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of epinephelus akaara seed factory culturing method.
Background technology
Epinephelus akaara (
Epinephelus akaara) being subordinate to Perciformes, Anabantoidei, Sushi section, Epinephelus is commonly called as erythema, red Grouper, is a kind of famous and precious islands and reefs economic fish.The East Sea, the South Sea and the India, Japan and the Korea that mainly are distributed in China are littoral.It oppresses delicious, and is nutritious, is one of the famousst and precious kind in the grouper, and is convenient to live transport and supports temporarily, and the prospect of propagating artificially is very good, carries out epinephelus akaara artificial propagation and Study on Seedling Cultivation Technique and has important using value.
In the world, only have Japan in epinephelus akaara artificial breeding field relevant report to be arranged, at home, research to epinephelus akaara relates generally to the early stage biological property of growing seedlings, analysis of genetic diversity, Sex conversion control and adult fish culture field, but the report to the epinephelus akaara artificial breeding technology is confined to experimental stage, it is few to obtain the seed amount, and repeatable poor, does not reach yet the level of industrialization.
The epinephelus akaara artificial breeding is a difficult problem of generally acknowledging in the industry, and survival rate of seedling is always lower.In the seed rearing process, in the prelarva opening stage, occur easily in enormous quantities dead, after this moment, prelarva was converted to the exogenous nutrition such as biological feed of the artificial cultivation of picked-up from absorbing the yolk Inner nutrition, the bait of ingesting was not enough or shortage some nutriment is to cause a seed dead reason in enormous quantities.In the seed rearing process, because growth differences causes autotomy phenomenon between seed, also be to affect the reason that seed becomes rate; In addition, for the index of correlation parameter of each link of epinephelus akaara factory culturing, do not form the detailed system of a cover, and the refinement standard of seed rearing is not set up yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of epinephelus akaara seed factory culturing method is provided, and sets up each link index parameter, implements to be suitable for China most industrial aquacultures field; Simultaneously, by to open-mouthed bait choose and to the research and development of SS wheel animalcule High Density Cultivation technology, under-supply or oligotrophy causes the high problem of lethality because of bait to solve the epinephelus akaara newly hatched larvae; Make up juvenile fish and regularly sieve seedling concrete operations standard, effectively controlled the autotomy phenomenon that epinephelus akaara causes because of Individual Size difference; Set up the index of correlation parameter of each link of epinephelus akaara factory culturing, realize refinement; Set up the viral property of grouper nervous necrosis Fast Detection Technique, timely and effective detection and prevent the generation of this disease.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of epinephelus akaara seed method for massively culturing is characterized in that: epinephelus akaara fertilized egg is through 16h hatching, and the ovum cloth that will float is to nursery pond, little inflation, cloth pond density 5-8g/m
3, 24 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ of control water temperature, next day is played 0.5 ℃ of every 12h intensification until 26 ℃ of beginning constant temperature are cultivated in the cloth pond; The prelarva hatching began manually to throw something and feed after 3 days, and certain density photosynthetic bacteria (throwing in the photosynthetic bacteria of 20ppm) is thrown in by the front elder generation that throws something and feeds in nursery pond, and adds a certain amount of chlorella; The oyster fertilized egg of throwing something and feeding in the 3rd ~ 6 day, feeding volume are 20/ml/ days; Threw in the oyster young on the 5th ~ 6 day, 20 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; Threw something and fed in the 7th day SS wheel animalcule and the oyster young, feeding volume are each 8 ~ 10 of oyster childrens, SS wheel animalcule/ml/ days; The SS wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding in the 8th ~ 20 day, 8 ~ 10 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; The 18th ~ 39 day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, 1 ~ 3 of feeding volume/ml/ days; Temperature and dissolved oxygen: quantity of exchanged water is along with the growth of seed strengthens gradually, the 1st ~ 10 light quantity of exchanged water is 10%, the 10 ~ 15 light quantity of exchanged water the 10% ~ 30%, 15th day ~ 20 light quantity of exchanged water 30 ~ 60% after the hatching, the 20th day ~ 30 light quantity of exchanged water 100%, the 30 day ~ 45 light quantity of exchanged water 150% ~ 200%; Day quantity of exchanged water 300% ~ 400% after the 46th day, and cultivate water temperature and bring up to 26 ~ 27 ℃ is guaranteed in the pond more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/L by oxygenation.
Seed average body length is during 1cm ~ 3cm, and seedling of per 7 natural gift divides seedling interval fate progressively to increase until the long 12cm of seed average body afterwards; Minute seedling is to utilize a minute seedling sieve, divides seedling sieve top sieve pore diameter size different and seed is separated according to difference.
In the seedling raising process, regularly seed is carried out sampling Detection; Detection is to utilize kit that the sample that extracts is analyzed, in case find positive, then nursery pond is isolated control, with anti-cross infection.
Good effect of the present invention is:
Improved weed survival rate.Epinephelus akaara newly hatched larvae individuality is less, the opening schistostoma is about 60um, some wheel animalcules that just incubate or indivedual zooplankton can only ingest, the present invention utilizes oyster fertilized egg and SS wheel animalcule as the open-mouthed bait of epinephelus akaara, significantly reduced because epinephelus akaara initial feeding quantity not sufficient causes the high problem of lethality, this stage weed survival rate is brought up to more than 30% by 20%.
Reduced the seed abnormal rate.Lopsided seedling appears in epinephelus akaara indoor raising of seedling easily, and the Common Malformation seedling has three kinds: the one, and spinal curvature shows as the health front and back obviously not at straight line, and indivedual bellies expand, flexes; The 2nd, mouth is outstanding, and upper lower jaw is obviously uneven, mainly is that lower jaw is partially long or to lopsidedness, the upper lower jaw that has can not close up; The 3rd, eye distortion, left-right asymmetry.Grouper seed deformity problem is FAQs in the seedling raising process, utilizes flood physical culture seedling among the present invention, reduces quantity of exchanged water early stage, and adopts circular water treating system to keep water temperature, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen physical and chemical factor to stablize, and effectively reduces the seed abnormal rate.
Improved survival rate: epinephelus akaara grows to postlarva during the stage, because growth rate is unbalanced, so that there is difference in size between individuality, the phenomenon that has autotomy, general death rate can reach 20%, and the present invention utilizes self-control minute seedling sieve, regularly seed is sieved seedling, reduce the autotomy of seed, improved weed survival rate.
Food nutrition is the key of artificial breeding, and bait Individual Size, shape, mobility and nutrient component directly have influence on growth and the survival of seed.SS wheel animalcule among the present invention, wild wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii all utilize and split kettle algae hardening agent and carry out throwing something and feeding after the fortification, guarantee that seed is for the demand of DHA and EPA.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:
Nursery pond: the epinephelus akaara nursery pond is the indoor cement pit of totally-enclosed batch production, is generally square round-off corner fishpond, and effectively water area is 40 square metres, 0.5 meter of mean depth of water, 1 meter of maximum water depth.
After epinephelus akaara fertilized egg is hatched through 16h, (by leaving standstill acquisition method) will float ovum cloth between seedling culturing vehicle, little inflation (aeration quantity is advisable slightly to glow the gas flower, must guard against too urgent inflation and causes the prelarva damage), cloth pond density 5-8g/m
3, 24 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ of control water temperature, next day is played 0.5 ℃ of every 12h intensification until 26 ℃ of beginning constant temperature are cultivated in the cloth pond.The cloth pond can hatch prelarva the same day, newly hatched larvae total length 1.35-1.45mm, and yolk sac is spherical in shape.
The prelarva hatching is after 3 days, and yolk sac can connect approach exhaustion, and begin manually to throw something and feed this moment.The front elder generation that throws something and feeds throws in certain density photosynthetic bacteria (throwing in the photosynthetic bacteria of 20ppm) in the nursery pond, and adds chlorella and keep chlorella concentration 300,000 cell/ml(ml represent milliliter, lower with) (add every day and concentrate chlorella 2 times); The oyster fertilized egg of throwing something and feeding in the 3rd ~ 6 day, feeding volume are 20/ml/ days; Threw in the oyster young on the 5th ~ 6 day, 20 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; Threw something and fed in the 7th day SS wheel animalcule and the oyster young, feeding volume are each 8 ~ 10 of oyster childrens, SS wheel animalcule/ml/ days; The SS wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding in the 8th ~ 20 day, 8 ~ 10 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; Began the artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding on the 18th day, 1 ~ 3 of feeding volume/ml/ days; The halogen worm adult that began to throw something and feed after the 40th day began progressively to be converted into manufactured feed after the 45th day.
Oyster fertilized egg is thrown something and fed 6 ~ 8 times every day, and the bait such as wheel animalcule are thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and the oyster young is thrown something and fed 1 time every day, and artemia nauplii is thrown something and fed 4 times every day, and halogen worm adult is thrown something and fed 12 times every day.
Temperature and dissolved oxygen: quantity of exchanged water is along with the growth of seed strengthens gradually, the 1st ~ 10 light quantity of exchanged water is 10% after the general hatching, the 10th ~ 15 light quantity of exchanged water 10% ~ 30%, the 15th day ~ 20 light quantity of exchanged water 30 ~ 60%, the 20th day ~ 30 light quantity of exchanged water 100%, the 30 day ~ 45 light quantity of exchanged water 150% ~ 200%; (mark seedling stage) day quantity of exchanged water 300% ~ 400% after the 46th day, and cultivate water temperature and bring up to 26 ~ 27 ℃ is guaranteed in the pond more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/L by oxygenation.
After the prelarva hatching front 3 days move about ability a little less than, the ability of moving about behind the initial feeding progressively strengthens, and hatch that dorsal fin begins to occur after 12 days, trident begins formation, the artemia nauplii of can ingesting after 18 days after 14 days.Along with the move about enhancing of ability of prelarva increases oxygenation capacity gradually, to guarantee to cultivate the dissolved oxygen of capacity in the pond.
Cultivate after 22 days, the fry average body reaches about 7.97mm, and trident obviously forms, the fry artemia nauplii of mainly ingesting.
Cultivate that the fry total length can reach 15.86mm after 45 days, all enter young stage, begin the manufactured feed of ingesting of throwing something and feeding.
Fry enters the postlarva after date and begins to occur the autotomy phenomenon, must guarantee that sufficient bait supplies to reduce the autotomy probability this period, and postlarva later stage trident reclaims and bud into juvenile fish gradually.
The sieve seedling: young stage is the fastest period of fry growth, and body weight can increase more than 100% per month.This, fry size differentiation was serious in period, the phenomenon that often occurs that big fish swallowing little fish, and also be not enough to swallow less when individual when larger individual schistostoma, tend to cause large fish to be stuck, small fish is killed, thus should to often divide fish period, with the fry of different size separately.Seedling of general (seed average body length is between 1cm ~ 3cm) 7 natural gift in early stage, the later stage divides seedling interval fate progressively to increase, and need not divide seedling when the long 12cm of seed average body is above.
Minute seedling is to utilize a minute seedling sieve, divides seedling sieve top sieve pore diameter size different and seed is separated according to difference.
The viral nervous necrosis fast detecting: in the seedling raising process, regularly carry out sampling Detection to seed, detection is to utilize kit that the sample that extracts is analyzed, in case find positive, then nursery pond is isolated control, with anti-cross infection.
Claims (3)
1. epinephelus akaara seed method for massively culturing is characterized in that: epinephelus akaara fertilized egg is through the 16h hatching, and the ovum cloth that will float is to nursery pond, little inflation, cloth pond density 5-8g/m
3, 24 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ of control water temperature, next day is played 0.5 ℃ of every 12h intensification until 26 ℃ of beginning constant temperature are cultivated in the cloth pond; The prelarva hatching began manually to throw something and feed after 3 days, and certain density photosynthetic bacteria (throwing in the photosynthetic bacteria of 20ppm) is thrown in by the front elder generation that throws something and feeds in nursery pond, and adds a certain amount of chlorella; The oyster fertilized egg of throwing something and feeding in the 3rd ~ 6 day, feeding volume are 20/ml/ days; Threw in the oyster young on the 5th ~ 6 day, 20 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; Threw something and fed in the 7th day SS wheel animalcule and the oyster young, feeding volume are each 8 ~ 10 of oyster childrens, SS wheel animalcule/ml/ days; The SS wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding in the 8th ~ 20 day, 8 ~ 10 of feeding volumes/ml/ days; The 18th ~ 39 day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, 1 ~ 3 of feeding volume/ml/ days; Temperature and dissolved oxygen: quantity of exchanged water is along with the growth of seed strengthens gradually, the 1st ~ 10 light quantity of exchanged water is 10%, the 10 ~ 15 light quantity of exchanged water the 10% ~ 30%, 15th day ~ 20 light quantity of exchanged water 30 ~ 60% after the hatching, the 20th day ~ 30 light quantity of exchanged water 100%, the 30 day ~ 45 light quantity of exchanged water 150% ~ 200%; Day quantity of exchanged water 300% ~ 400% after the 46th day, and cultivate water temperature and bring up to 26 ~ 27 ℃ is guaranteed in the pond more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/L by oxygenation.
2. epinephelus akaara seed method for massively culturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: seed average body length is during 1cm ~ 3cm, and seedling of per 7 natural gift divides seedling interval fate progressively to increase until the long 12cm of seed average body afterwards; Minute seedling is to utilize a minute seedling sieve, divides seedling sieve top sieve pore diameter size different and seed is separated according to difference.
3. epinephelus akaara seed method for massively culturing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the seedling raising process, regularly seed is carried out sampling Detection; Detection is to utilize kit that the sample that extracts is analyzed, in case find positive, then nursery pond is isolated control, with anti-cross infection.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103478043A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | Breeding method for Botiasuperciliaris offspring seeds |
| CN103548735A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grouper fry propagation method |
| CN104186960A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-12-10 | 广州大学 | Epinephelus coioides feed additive and application method thereof |
| CN104488770A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for quickly breeding turbot genealogical fingerlings |
| CN105746404A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Epinephelus akaara fry cultivation method |
| CN105850814A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Industrialized hybrid fry breeding method for chromileptes altivelis and epinephelus lanceolatus |
| CN108271950A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-13 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of feed addictive for promoting Grouper cultivating bottom of pond matter improvement water colour to improve |
| CN111771772A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-16 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Grouper fry breeding method |
| CN112741030A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 广东海洋大学 | Bait breeding method |
| CN112741025A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for cultivating grouper seedlings |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103478043A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | Breeding method for Botiasuperciliaris offspring seeds |
| CN103548735A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grouper fry propagation method |
| CN103548735B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-03-18 | 浙江海洋学院 | Grouper fry propagation method |
| CN104186960A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-12-10 | 广州大学 | Epinephelus coioides feed additive and application method thereof |
| CN104186960B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2017-01-11 | 广州大学 | Epinephelus coioides feed additive and application method thereof |
| CN104488770A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for quickly breeding turbot genealogical fingerlings |
| WO2017156928A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for use in red spot grouper fry breeding |
| CN105746404A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Epinephelus akaara fry cultivation method |
| CN105850814A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 莱州明波水产有限公司 | Industrialized hybrid fry breeding method for chromileptes altivelis and epinephelus lanceolatus |
| CN108271950A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-13 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of feed addictive for promoting Grouper cultivating bottom of pond matter improvement water colour to improve |
| CN112741030A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 广东海洋大学 | Bait breeding method |
| CN112741025A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for cultivating grouper seedlings |
| CN111771772A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-16 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Grouper fry breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |