CN112753627A - Urechis unicinctus seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Urechis unicinctus seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112753627A CN112753627A CN201911073773.1A CN201911073773A CN112753627A CN 112753627 A CN112753627 A CN 112753627A CN 201911073773 A CN201911073773 A CN 201911073773A CN 112753627 A CN112753627 A CN 112753627A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing urechis; 2. transporting urechis; 3. insemination; 4. sprinkling fertilized eggs after fertilization to a hatching pool for hatching; 5. culturing planktonic larvae; 6. when the larvae develop to the later stage of somite larvae, namely when the larvae grow to 10-12 somites, moving the larvae into a young urechis unicinctus cultivation pond, feeding by using rhodotorula benthamii, and after the larvae enter sea mud and are transformed into worm-shaped larvae from the somite larvae, carrying out dragging selection by using a bolting silk net or collecting drained water; 7. the juvenile urechis unicinctus is cultivated for 30-40 days, and the urechis unicinctus is taken out of the pool when the body length is 5 +/-1 mm. The invention uses the rhodotorula benthamii as the bait to help the digestion and the growth of the larvae, and saves the manpower and material resources for building a bait culture room and culturing the bait. The sea mud is used as the attaching base, so that the production management is convenient, the metamorphosis survival rate of the important growth links of the larvae can be effectively improved, and the metamorphosis survival rate of the prior art is improved from 10 percent to 70 to 75 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic animal seed cultivation, in particular to a urechis unicinctus seed cultivation method.
Background
Urechis unicinctus, common name: the sea intestine and the sea intestine belong to the division of urechis unicinctus, the class urechis, the order urechis unicinctus, the family urechidaceae and the genus urechis. The benthos is distributed in Russia, Japan, Korea and Bohai gulf of China and the like, and is a common species of benthos in intertidal zone lower zone and subtidal zone shallow water zone along sea mud sand bank in northern China.
The urechis unicinctus is large in size and delicious in meat taste, and body wall muscles are rich in protein and various amino acids necessary for human bodies, so that the urechis unicinctus seafood is used as a precious seafood product and has higher economic value.
However, the difficulty of the breeding work of the urechis unicinctus seedlings is high, a large amount of manpower is consumed, in addition, in the prior art, a sand bed is used as a resting substrate of the seedlings, the sand bed can be smelled and blackened after being used for a certain time, the growth of the urechis unicinctus seedlings is limited, the change of the sand bed can cause the serious damage of the urechis unicinctus seedlings, the survival rate is reduced, and the large-scale development of the seedling production and the breeding production is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low survival rate of urechis unicinctus seedlings, excessive manpower consumption, inconvenient sand bed management and the like in the prior art, and provides a urechis unicinctus seedling cultivation method which can save manpower and effectively improve the survival rate
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an urechis unicinctus seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of urechis unicinctus: selecting urechis unicinctus with complete body surface, body length of 7-10cm, body weight of 20-25g, and orange or milky color;
s2, parent transportation: directly putting the urechis unicinctus selected in the S1 into a box, and cooling the urechis unicinctus by placing an ice bag in the box when the air temperature is over 20 ℃, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20 +/-2 ℃;
s3, insemination: the natural fertilization method comprises the steps of placing the urechis unicinctus in an environment at 5-8 ℃ for 2-3 hours, disinfecting the body surface of the urechis unicinctus, placing the sterilized urechis unicinctus in an egg laying pond, and naturally discharging sperm and eggs from the urechis unicinctus; the artificial insemination method comprises the steps of dissecting the urechis unicinctus, taking out kidney tubes, respectively putting male and female kidney tubes into containers filled with seawater, shearing the kidney tubes to enable sperm and eggs to overflow, stirring to form sperm and egg solutions to enable 10-20 sperms to be arranged around each egg, putting an oxygen head into the bottom of the container, inflating and stirring to enable the eggs to be suspended, filtering the sperm and egg mixed solution, and removing the broken kidney tubes;
s4, hatching: sprinkling fertilized eggs fertilized in the step S3 to a hatching pond for hatching, and stirring up and down for 1 time of pond water every 30-60 min;
s5, culturing planktonic larvae: transferring the larvae which live in a floating way on the upper layer of water into a prepared culture pond for culture after all embryos grow to the trochophore, feeding 1-2 times a day, wherein the amount of the larvae is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml in the earlier stage of the trochophore, namely 1-5 days, the amount of the larvae is increased to 5-10 ten thousand cells/ml, changing water 1 time a day, changing 1/3-1/2 every time, and changing every 3-5 m2Setting a gas stone, wherein the water quality meets the NY 5052 requirement;
s6, seedling collection: when the larva grows to the later stage of the somite larva, namely the larva grows to 10-12 somites, moving the larva into a young urechis unicinctus cultivation pond, feeding the larva by using ocean red yeast, and after the larva enters sea mud and is transformed into worm-shaped larva from the somite larva, carrying out dragging selection by using a bolting silk net or collecting drained water;
s7, culturing the urechis unicinctus for 30-40 days, and taking the urechis unicinctus out of the pool when the body length is 5 +/-1 mm.
Preferably, each box of the parents is 5 plus or minus 0.5kg in S2, and the transportation time is 28 plus or minus 2 hours.
Preferably, the fertilized eggs in S4 have a density of 15 +/-2 granules/ml, a water temperature of 15-26 ℃, a salinity of 20-37, a pH value of 5.96-9.01, and a temperature difference between the hatching seawater and the insemination seawater within 1 ℃.
Preferably, the water temperature in S5 is 15-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5 +/-0.2 mg/L, the salinity is 15-35, and the illumination is 500 +/-10 Lx.
Preferably, the cultivation density of the trochophore stage in S5 is 1-4/ml, and the cultivation density of the somite stage is 1-2/ml.
Preferably, the bait in S5 is chrysophyceae, Platymonas mellea, Chlorella vulgaris, Nitzschia closterium, etc.
In an optimal mode, the later-stage seedling picking density of the somite larvae in S6 is 2-3 per cm on average2。
In an optimal mode, the bottom of the urechis unicinctus culture pond in S6 is paved with sea mud with the thickness of 3-5 cm to serve as an attaching base of the urechis unicinctus, and the attaching base is 100ml/m3Formalin disinfection for 30 +/-2 minutes, seawater elutriation for 1 hour, water change for 1 time/d, water change amount of 2/5-3/5 of the whole water body, and continuous aeration.
Preferably, the rhodotorula benthica in S6 is crushed and then screened by a 300-mesh screen, and the rhodotorula benthica is fed for 2 times/d every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1-2 ppm.
According to the method, the temperature in different development periods is controlled, the water quality is reasonably controlled, the rhodotorula benthami is used as the bait, the unicellular algae do not need to be cultured, the manpower and material resources for building a bait culture chamber and culturing the bait are saved, and the yeast is beneficial to digestion and absorption of the urechis unicinctus larvae on the bait and digestion and growth promotion of the larvae. The sea mud is used as the attaching base, so that the production management is convenient, the metamorphosis survival rate of important links of the growth of the young urechis is effectively improved, and the metamorphosis survival rate of the young urechis is improved from 10 percent in the prior art to 70 to 75 percent in the metamorphosis period of the young urechis in the prior art.
Detailed Description
1. Preparing urechis unicinctus: the urechis unicinctus which is from artificial culture or sexual maturity in natural sea area is used as the urechis unicinctus. The specification of breeding urechis unicinctus: the body length is 7-10cm, and the body weight is 20-25 g. The quality of the breeding urechis unicinctus: no damage to body surface, strong vitality, full renal duct, and bright orange or milk white color.
Temporary breeding of urechis unicinctus: temporary breeding density of urechis unicinctus is 5-6/m3The water was changed 2 times a day, each time changing 1/2 in full amount. A small amount of air is filled, the bait is properly thrown, and the temporary culture time is l to 2 days.
2. Carrying out parent transportation: the parent transportation method is a dry transportation method, the selected parent is directly put into a foam box during dry transportation, each box is filled with 5 plus or minus 0.5kg of the parent, the temperature is 20 plus or minus 2 ℃, ice is added into the box to cool when the air temperature exceeds 20 ℃, an automobile is used as a transportation tool, the time is 28 plus or minus 2 hours under the condition of the air temperature of 20 ℃, and water is preferably sprayed frequently during transportation.
3. Insemination: the fertilized eggs can be obtained by adopting a natural fertilization or artificial insemination mode.
Natural fertilization method: and (3) cooling to 5-8 ℃, standing for 2-3 h, putting the parent urechis unicinctus with disinfected body surface into a spawning pond, and naturally discharging sperm and eggs. And when the fertilized egg density reaches 15 +/-2 grains/ml, transferring the parent urechis to other ponds to continue laying eggs.
Artificial insemination method: dissecting the parent urechis unicinctus longitudinally, taking out the kidney tube, putting the male and female kidney tubes into different containers filled with clean seawater respectively, shearing the kidney tube to enable the sperm and eggs to overflow automatically, stirring uniformly to form sperm and egg solution, wherein the number of the sperm is preferably 10-20 per egg, and the oxygen head is put into the bottom of the container to be inflated to suspend the eggs. The sperm-egg mixed solution was filtered through a 60-mesh silk net to remove broken renal ducts.
4. And (6) hatching.
Hatching density: and sprinkling the fertilized eggs into an incubation pool for incubation, wherein the incubation density of the fertilized eggs is 15 +/-2 grains/ml. Hatching conditions: the water temperature is 15-26 ℃, the salinity is 20-37, and the pH value is 5.96-9.01. The temperature difference between the seawater for hatching and the seawater for insemination is within 1 ℃.
Stirring the pond: in the hatching process, the pond water is stirred up and down by a stirring rake every 30-60 min for 1 time without forming vortexes.
5. And (5) culturing the planktonic larvae.
And (3) larva selection: and (3) when the embryos are completely developed to the trochophore, carrying out larva optimization, namely transferring the high-quality larva of the floating life on the water layer into a prepared culture pond by adopting a siphon method for culture.
The water quality requirement is as follows: the water temperature is 15-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5 +/-0.2 mg/L, the salinity is 15-35, and the illumination is 500 +/-10 Lx. The water quality meets the NY 5052 requirement.
Cultivation density: the culture density of the trochophore stage is 1 to 4 per ml, and the culture density of the somite stage is 1 to 2 per ml.
Controlling the water quality: changing water for 1 time every day, wherein the water is changed for 1/3-1/2 every time. According to the water quality condition, the water quality is improved by adopting a bottom suction or water filtering basket method. The air exchange adopts a micro-inflation mode, and the air exchange is carried out every 3-5 m2An air stone.
Feeding baits: the golden algae, the Platymonas mellifera, the chlorella vulgaris and the Nitzschia closterium are used as baits, the baits are thrown for 1-2 times every day, the daily bait throwing amount is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml in the early stage (1-5 days) of the trochophore, and the daily bait amount is gradually increased to 5-10 ten thousand cells/ml according to the stomach fullness degree of the larva. The actual amount of bait to be applied should be determined based on the density of the larvae, feeding, etc.
6. And (5) collecting seedlings.
The seedling picking time is as follows: and (3) transferring the larva to a juvenile urechis unicinctus culture pond for attachment and metamorphosis when the larva develops to the later stage of the somite larva, namely 10-12 somites are formed, namely the larva enters sea mud and is metamorphosed into worm-shaped larva from the somite larva.
And (3) seedling picking density: in an average of 2 to 3 pieces/cm2It is preferable.
Culturing young urechis unicinctus.
The requirement of the urechis juvenile culture pond: spreading sea mud with thickness of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the pond as attaching base of urechis unicinctus, 100ml/m3Formalin disinfection for 30 +/-2 minutes, and seawater elutriation for 1 hour.
The seedling picking method comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out dragging separation by using a 300-mesh silk screen or draining and collecting.
Water quality management: changing water for 1 time/d, wherein the water changing amount is 2/5-3/5 of the whole water body, and continuously aerating.
Feeding baits: the marine rhodotorula benthica is taken as a main material, the marine rhodotorula benthica is crushed and then passes through a 300-mesh screen, 2 times/d of the marine rhodotorula benthica is fed every day, the feeding amount is 1-2 ppm, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the food intake and the residual feed amount.
7. And (6) discharging from the pool.
The young urechis unicinctus is cultivated for 30-40 days, and the average body length reaches 5 +/-1 mm, so that the urechis unicinctus can be discharged from the pool.
Example 1
1. Preparing urechis unicinctus: the sex-matured urechis unicinctus from artificial culture is used as the seed urechis unicinctus, the body length is 7cm, the weight is 20g, the body surface is not damaged, the activity is strong, the renal duct is full, and the color is bright orange.
Temporary breeding of urechis unicinctus: temporary breeding density of urechis unicinctus is 5/m3Per m3The water was changed 2 times a day, each time changing 1/2 in full amount. A small amount of air is filled, the bait is properly thrown, and the temporary culture time ld is kept.
2. And (3) transportation: the parent transportation method is a dry transportation method, the selected parents are directly put into a foam box during dry transportation, 5kg of the parents are put into each box, ice is added into the box to cool when the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, an automobile is used as a transportation tool, the time is 28 hours, and water is frequently sprayed during transportation.
3. Insemination: adopting an artificial insemination method, dissecting the parent urechis unicinctus longitudinally, taking out the kidney tube, respectively putting the male and female kidney tubes into different containers filled with clean seawater, shearing the kidney tube to enable the sperm and eggs to automatically overflow, uniformly stirring to form sperm and egg solution, arranging 10-15 sperms around each egg, and putting an oxygen head into the bottom of the container to inflate to suspend the eggs. The sperm-egg mixed solution was filtered through a 60-mesh silk net to remove broken renal ducts.
4. And (6) hatching. Hatching density: and sprinkling the fertilized eggs into a hatching pond for hatching, wherein the hatching density of the fertilized eggs is 15 grains/ml. Hatching conditions: the water temperature is 20 deg.C, salinity is 25, and pH is 5.96. The temperature difference between the seawater for hatching and the seawater for insemination is within 1 ℃. Stirring the pond: in the hatching process, the pond water is stirred by a stirring rake up and down for 1 time every 30min without forming vortexes.
5. And (5) culturing the planktonic larvae. And (3) larva selection: after the embryos are completely developed to the trochophore, transferring the high-quality larvae which live in floating on the upper layer of the water into a prepared culture pond by adopting a siphon method for culture.
The water quality requirement is as follows: the water temperature is 20 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.0mg/L, the salinity is 25, and the illumination is 500 Lx. The water quality meets the NY 5052 requirement.
Cultivation density: the culture density of the trochophore stage is 2/ml, and the culture density of the somite stage is 1/ml.
Controlling the water quality: the water was changed 1 time a day, 1/2 each time. According to the water quality condition, the water quality is improved by adopting a bottom suction or water filtering basket method. Micro-inflating is adopted, and the air volume is 4m2An air stone.
Feeding baits: the golden algae, Platymonas mellifera, Chlorella vulgaris and Nitzschia closterium are used as baits, the baits are thrown for 1 time every day, the daily bait throwing amount is 1 ten thousand cells/ml in the first 3 days of the trochophore, and the daily bait throwing amount is gradually increased to 5 ten thousand cells/ml according to the stomach satiety degree of the larva later.
6. And (5) collecting seedlings. And (3) transferring the larva to a young urechis unicinctus culture pond for attachment and metamorphosis when the larva develops to the later stage of the somite larva to form 10 somites, namely, the larva enters sea mud and is metamorphosed into worm-shaped larva from the somite larva. Average seedling density of 2/cm2。
Culturing of young urechis unicinctus
The requirement of the urechis juvenile culture pond: spreading sea mud with thickness of 5cm at the bottom of the pond as attaching base of young urechis unicinctus, 100ml/m3Formalin disinfection for 30 minutes, and seawater elutriation for 1 hour.
The seedling picking method comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out dragging separation by using a 300-mesh silk screen or draining and collecting.
Water quality management: changing water for 1 time/d, wherein the water changing amount is 1/2 of the whole water body, and continuously inflating.
Feeding baits: pulverizing Rhodotorula benthica, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, and feeding for 2 times per day with a bait feeding amount of 1ppm, and adjusting properly according to food intake and residual bait amount.
7. And (6) discharging from the pool. The young urechis unicinctus is cultivated for 30 days, the average body length reaches 5mm, and the urechis unicinctus is taken out of the pool.
The survival rate of the larva in the stage of transforming the larva from the somite larva into the worm-like larva after entering the sea mud is 70%, and is greatly improved compared with the survival rate of 10% in the prior art.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of urechis unicinctus: selecting urechis unicinctus with complete body surface, body length of 7-10cm, body weight of 20-25g, and orange or milky color;
s2, parent transportation: directly putting the urechis unicinctus selected in the S1 into a box, and cooling the urechis unicinctus by placing an ice bag in the box when the air temperature is over 20 ℃, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20 +/-2 ℃;
s3, insemination: the natural fertilization method comprises the steps of placing the urechis unicinctus in an environment at 5-8 ℃ for 2-3 hours, disinfecting the body surface of the urechis unicinctus, placing the sterilized urechis unicinctus in an egg laying pond, and naturally discharging sperm and eggs from the urechis unicinctus; the artificial insemination method comprises the steps of dissecting the urechis unicinctus, taking out kidney tubes, respectively putting male and female kidney tubes into containers filled with seawater, shearing the kidney tubes to enable sperm and eggs to overflow, stirring to form sperm and egg solutions to enable 10-20 sperms to be arranged around each egg, putting an oxygen head into the bottom of the container, inflating and stirring to enable the eggs to be suspended, filtering the sperm and egg mixed solution, and removing the broken kidney tubes;
s4, hatching: sprinkling fertilized eggs fertilized in the step S3 to a hatching pond for hatching, and stirring up and down for 1 time of pond water every 30-60 min;
s5, culturing planktonic larvae: when the embryos are completely developed to the trochophore, transferring the larvae which live in a floating manner on the upper layer of water into a prepared culture pond for culture, feeding 1-2 times a day, wherein the larvae are fed for 1-2 times in the earlier stage, namely the first 1-5 days, the daily feeding amount is 1-2 ten thousand cells/ml, then the daily feeding amount is increased to 5-10 ten thousand cells/ml, changing water for 1 time a day, changing 1/3-1/2 every time, setting a tourmaline every 3-5 m2, and ensuring that the water quality meets the requirements of NY 5052;
s6, seedling collection: when the larva grows to the later stage of the somite larva, namely the larva grows to 10-12 somites, moving the larva into a young urechis unicinctus cultivation pond, feeding the larva by using ocean red yeast, and after the larva enters sea mud and is transformed into worm-shaped larva from the somite larva, carrying out dragging selection by using a bolting silk net or collecting drained water;
s7, culturing the urechis unicinctus for 30-40 days, and taking the urechis unicinctus out of the pool when the body length is 5 +/-1 mm.
2. The method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries according to claim 1, wherein 5 plus or minus 0.5kg of parents are packed in each box in S2, and the transportation time is 28 plus or minus 2 hours.
3. The method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized eggs in S4 have a density of 15 +/-2 eggs/ml, a water temperature of 15-26 ℃, a salinity of 20-37, a pH value of 5.96-9.01, and a temperature difference between the hatching seawater and the seawater during insemination of within 1 ℃.
4. The urechis unicinctus fry culturing method according to claim 1, wherein water temperature in S5 is 15-30 ℃, dissolved oxygen is 5 +/-0.2 mg/L, salinity is 15-35, and illumination is 500 +/-10 Lx.
5. The urechis unicinctus fry rearing method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing density of the trochophore stage in S5 is 1-4/ml, and the rearing density of the somite larva stage is 1-2/ml.
6. The method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries according to claim 1, wherein the bait in S5 is golden algae, Platymonas minor, Chlorella, Nitzschia closterium, etc.
7. The urechis unicinctus fry breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the density of the later-stage fry collecting of the somniferous larva in S6 is 2-3/cm 2 on average.
8. The urechis unicinctus fry rearing method according to claim 1, characterized in that sea mud with a thickness of 3-5 cm is spread at the bottom of the urechis unicinctus rearing pond in S6 to serve as an attaching base for the urechis unicinctus, 100ml/m3 formalin is disinfected for 30 +/-2 minutes, seawater is elutriated for 1 hour, water is changed for 1 time/d, the water change amount is 2/5-3/5 of the total water body, and air is continuously inflated.
9. The method for cultivating urechis unicinctus fries according to claim 1, wherein the crushed marine carmine yeast in S6 is sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, and the crushed marine carmine yeast is fed for 2 times/d every day, and the feeding amount is 1-2 ppm.
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| CN114424803A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-05-03 | 中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院 | Inducer for attachment and metamorphosis of urechis unicinctus larvae as well as preparation method and application of inducer |
| CN114424803B (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-11-10 | 中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院 | Inducer for urechis unicinctus larva adhesion metamorphosis and preparation method and application thereof |
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