CN114651751B - Artificial breeding method for yellow lip fish - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for yellow lip fish Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of yellow lip fish, which comprises Huang Chunyu oxytocic hatching environment factor setting, oxytocic dosage determination, offspring breeding environment factor setting, offspring and young fish biological bait setting, nutrition strengthening and compound feed feeding strategies. Firstly, using pituitary extract of fishes of the genus stone, adding chorionic gonadotrophin for induced spawning; setting illumination, sound wave and salinity in environmental factors in the induced spawning stage, and naturally spawning, discharging and inseminating after aging for 40 hours. Secondly, regulating and controlling the biological bait nutrition enhancer, and simultaneously regulating and controlling the salinity, the water temperature and the illumination change and the water flow stimulation of the transformation of the growth and development stage of the young fish. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that the artificial breeding of the yellow croaker in China cannot be successful for decades, fills the blank of breeding large-scale yellow croaker fishes at home and abroad, and has positive promotion effect on the germplasm protection and resource recovery of the yellow croaker which is a first-class endangered species in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a large-scale stone head fish the field of artificial breeding of the fishes in the family, in particular to a technical method for artificial breeding of yellow lip fish and application thereof.
Background
The seed engineering in the aquatic industry is a great emphasis in the development of the aquaculture industry in China at present, has the advantages of mastering high-quality seed resources, providing high-quality seedlings and recovering natural resources through artificial breeding, and has practical significance and strategic significance for developing blue granary construction and protecting marine ecological environment. At present, most of developed seawater fish breeds in China are concentrated on small and medium-sized fish species, such as varieties of red sea bream, black sea bream, paralichthys olivaceus, takifugu, oval pompano, large yellow croaker, jewfoot and the like. The method is limited to lack of large-scale fingerling resources, is limited to corresponding matched facility equipment, has little research on breeding of large-scale fingerlings in China, and is almost not applied to cultivation production. The breeding of large-scale Epinephelus coioides fishes is not only studied and reported at home and abroad, but also lacks practical operation experience.
Yellow lip fish is a large-scale fish in fishes of the genus Epinephelus, is also a special economic species in China, has special requirements on ecological environment, but the environmental conditions of original habitat cannot meet the requirement of growth and survival, and natural resources are drastically reduced in addition to disordered fishing for over twenty years, so that the yellow lip fish is currently listed as a first-class endangered protection animal in China. In order to prevent the precious species from being extinct and fully protect the species, the rescue, the breeding and releasing are carried out in units with protective responsibilities and breeding qualification, the biodiversity is recovered, and the habitat of the original habitat is restored, which is an urgent task. It is particularly necessary to find out a set of regulation and control technology suitable for breeding the corresponding yellow lip fish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is carried out for solving the technical problems, and the invention opens up breeding and rescue in the seedling raising field with qualification and artificial adjustable environmental factors, A whole set of technical methods for ripening, spawning, hatching and raising the yellow croaker are obtained, and a technical route for cultivating large-scale fishes of the genus Epinephelus, particularly yellow croaker fries, is creatively established.
According to the ecological habit of the yellow lip fish, the invention searches out the dosage and dosage of the ripening and spawning induction which are suitable for each other by regulating and controlling the salinity, water temperature, audio frequency, illumination and water flow in the ripening process of the parent fish, and promotes the gonad development which is not in the IV phase of the yellow lip fish to reach the V phase; the cultivation of the young yellow lip fish is realized through the setting of environmental factors for cultivating the young yellow lip fish, the setting of biological baits for the young yellow lip fish, the nutrition enhancement and the feeding strategy of compound feed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific implementation scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. establishment of ripening method of yellow lip fish
Comprises two parts of regulation and control of environmental factors and selection of ripening agents.
The parent fish ripening agent adopts pituitary extract of other large and medium-sized fishes (double-thorn raw spotted maigre) in fishes of the genus Tachyrhizus as well as chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and the injection amount of the ripening agent is as follows: 2 microgram pituitary extract/kg body weight of fish +500 international units chorionic gonadotrophin/kg body weight of fish.
In the environment factors, the salinity is kept at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃ during ripening, the illumination day-to-night ratio is changed from 4:20 gradual change method to 12:12 within 5 days, the playing of the audio sound of parent fish is changed from the original 1 hour playing for 11 hours to 1 hour playing for 5 hours, the pH is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the micro-aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept at 7mg/L. The ripening time is 5-7 days.
According to the invention, the yellow lip fish parent fish is promoted to develop and estrus by playing the sound and adjusting the illumination and day-night ratio, and the yellow lip fish parent fish breeding method is pioneered in the field of sea fish breeding.
2. Huang Chunyu method for inducing spawning and hatching
The current oxytocic used for the oxytocic of marine fishes is mainly luteinizing hormone analogue (LRH-A) +chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and also has the addition of Dioton (DOM). According to the invention, yellow lip fish is taken into consideration, so that oxytocic substances with high similarity and little resistance are found out from the dosage form, meanwhile, the dosage and the aging are taken into consideration, and pituitary extracts and chorionic gonadotrophin which are the same as those of other large and medium-sized fishes (double-thorn raw spotted maigre) in the yellow lip fish are selected for the first time. The production promoting dosages are respectively as follows: 5 microgram pituitary extract/kg body weight of fish +1000 international units chorionic gonadotrophin/kg body weight of fish, and induction of labor and aging for 40 hours. The test shows that the oxytocic effect is obvious, so that the oxytocic dosage form and dosage of the present invention are established.
The method for injecting the ripening agent and the oxytocic is the same as the following method: the parent fish is fished out by using wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic, wrapped and placed on an operation table, after the parent fish does not struggle, the body cavity injection ripening agent or the labor promoting agent is carried out on the base part of the ventral fin, then the head part is poured by water with the same temperature and the same salinity, so that the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth is reduced, and then the wet cloth is put into a pool for observation.
The culture environment conditions for the parent fish to induce spawning are as follows: the salinity is 12, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, the water flow is 0.2m/s, the pH is 7.6-8.0, and the dissolved oxygen in the pool is more than or equal to 7mg/L by aeration. After induction of spawning for about 40 hours, the male and female Huang Chunyu naturally spawn and inseminate in the pool, and fertilize eggs are formed after insemination is completed. When embryo develops to blastula period, the embryo floating up to the water meter layer is fished out by using a dip net, washed by clean and homothermal homosalt seawater for several times, and then placed into a hatching net cage of a seedling raising pool for hatching.
Embryo hatching of marine fish is usually carried out in hatching barrels, or in ponds or cement ponds, and also in cages arranged in the ponds. The setting of the environmental factors is the same as that of the living habitat of the parent fish. However, different species of fish still have different water flow, pH, temperature and salinity during hatching, which results in large difference between hatching rate and hatching time.
According to the characteristics of yellow lip fish embryo development (egg diameter 1.1+/-0.2 mm, oil spherical diameter 0.3+/-0.06 mm) and the environmental conditions (salinity 10) of parent fish survival, the invention aims to ensure that the embryos are not overlapped in water, keep the embryos rolling in water at any time, and simultaneously meet the salinity conditions of parent fish reinforcement, and the device and the environmental conditions are created: (1) Expanding the area to ensure that fertilized eggs are not overlapped, arranging the net cage in a circular shape to ensure that fertilized eggs are not piled up, and arranging an inflating head at the center of the bottom to ensure that the middle stream of the net cage flows around, so that Huang Chunyu fertilized eggs always keep rolling under the condition of salinity 12; (2) When the embryo develops to the heartbeat period, the salinity is gradually increased to 20, and the setting of the hatching salinity enables the survival and the provision of the bait organisms in the seedling raising process to be simpler and more convenient.
The spawning induction method and the hatching device are firstly applied to the breeding process of the yellow lip fish, so that the fertility rate and the hatching rate of the yellow lip fish respectively reach 65% and 80% in the breeding process of the fries, and are close to or exceed the breeding level of other large and medium-sized varieties in fishes of the genus Talaromyces.
3. Regulation and control of environmental factors in seed cultivation process
A seed culture pond is prepared one week before spawning, after thorough disinfection, seawater is injected into the seed culture pond for 1.3m, 5ppm of composite live bacteria stock solution (bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis and the like) and 2L of brown sugar solution are added, a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution are added into the pond, and the color of water in the pond is kept yellow-green. The transparency of the pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond water is slightly inflated, and the newly hatched fries can be inoculated 5 days after water culture to start to grow seedlings.
The environmental factors for raising the seedlings and the bait composition are usually determined, and the bait organism composition is usually set according to the level of the environmental factors of the conventional seawater and the development characteristics of the digestive system of the stage of the bred young fish. In the variety with relatively mature and stable seedling, the complete seedling technology is mastered and utilized by the masses of technicians.
However, the fry cultivation of yellow lip fish has not been tried previously, and meanwhile, our country lacks experience for artificial breeding of large-scale marine fish, and has few experience for reference. Therefore, the artificial breeding technology of the yellow lip fish is tried for the first time, and the environmental factors of the breeding are set as follows: salinity of 20-25, water temperature of 24-26 ℃, pH of 7.8-8.2, ammonia nitrogen of less than or equal to 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen of more than or equal to 6mg/L and illumination of 500-2000 lux. The water is not changed 10 days before seedling raising, the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is changed 20-50% every day for 10-20 days, the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is changed 50-100% every day for 20-30 days, and the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is changed 100-600% every day after 30 days.
4. Method for setting composition and enhancing nutrition of bait organisms in seed cultivation process
The composition of the biological bait is set as follows: feeding the rotifers with strengthened operation and culture for 3-5 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml; feeding the nutrition-enriched rotifers and copepods after 11-20 days of age, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods is maintained at 2-4/ml; when 21-30 days old, feeding the copepods adults, maintaining the density of the copepods to be more than 2-3/ml, and gradually domesticating and feeding the artificial compound feed; 30-40 days old, feeding large-sized copepods with the size of more than 2mm, and still domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed except for maintaining the density of 1-2 per ml; and (5) feeding the mixed feed after 40 days of age.
The nutrition strengthening method of the biological baits such as rotifers or copepods comprises the following steps: the column kettle for the nutrient enrichment culture of the rotifer is fed after 5ppm of the algae powder, 2ppm of the euphausia superba powder and chlorella liquid are enriched for 6 hours; the copepods were fed after 4 hours of fortification with 2ppm antarctic krill meal.
The acclimation method of the compound feed is as follows, feeding starts every day when the illumination intensity of the water surface in the early morning pool reaches 10lux, and the illumination intensity cannot be measured until the water surface in the evening pool. During the period, compound feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm is sprayed into the pool every 1 hour, and the feeding amount is 0.01-0.1 ppm each time. The time for starting and ending feeding every day in the domestication period is unchanged. The feeding ratio of the compound feed to the copepods is gradually changed from the initial 1:8 to the total compound feed. The feeding amount of the compound feed is 100-300% of the weight of the fish.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The method for inducing spawning by adding HCG into the pituitary extract of the parent fish of the same family, namely the double-thorn original spotted maigre, adopts the hatching technology which can avoid fertilized egg deposition and meet specific hatching environmental factors (low salinity) through specific environmental factor regulation measures such as sound, light, temperature, salt and the like, so that the fertility rate and the hatching rate of the yellow lip fish reach 65 percent and 80 percent respectively. The invention obtains the artificially cultivated offspring endangered species-yellow croaker initially hatched fries for the first time.
(2) The invention adopts the technology of regulating and controlling the environmental factors of the fry cultivation and the bait combination feeding technology, and after 66 days of cultivation, the young yellow lip fish initially hatched to the young yellow lip fish with the body length of 17.5+/-1.4 cm is achieved. Provides technical support for recovery, protection and release of resources of endangered species.
The result shows that the spawning amount is 30 ten thousand total, the fertilized eggs are 20 ten thousand total, the fertilized rate is 65%, the hatching rate of the initially hatched fries is 16 ten thousand total, the hatching rate reaches 80%, and the young fries reach 17.5+/-1.4 cm after 66 days of cultivation. Counting to obtain the young yellow lip fish 10100 tail.
The method is suitable for industrial seedling culture of large-scale Carnis Pseudosciaenae, especially yellow lip fish under artificial controllable condition (figure 3), has good application prospect. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that the artificial breeding of the yellow croaker in China cannot be successful for decades, fills the blank of breeding large-scale yellow croaker fishes at home and abroad, and has positive promotion effect on the germplasm protection and resource recovery of the yellow croaker which is a first-class endangered species in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an initially hatched fish cultured according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of juvenile yellow lip fish cultivated by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of the cultivation of yellow croaker in the present invention in raising seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples thereof, which are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Artificial breeding of yellow lip fish was carried out at the center for breeding of germplasm of the family of Carpesium bicuspid, a company of the science and technology of marine organisms of the whale, inc. of the company of the ocean, guangdong, 4 months to 10 months.
1. Parent fish selection and ripening acceleration
The parent fish of yellow lip fish with 21 gonads developed and mature is checked in an induced spawning operation pool, anesthetic is used for anesthesia before the check, wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic is used for fishing out the parent fish, then the parent fish is wrapped and placed on an operation table, after the parent fish does not struggle, the body cavity injection of the ripening agent is carried out on the base of the ventral fin, pituitary extract + chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) which is the same as that of other large and medium-sized fishes (double-thorn spotted maid) in the family of the stone-like fishes is selected, and the induced spawning dosages are respectively: 2 microgram/kg body weight +500 international units/kg body weight. And then pouring the water with the same temperature and the same salinity on the head part to reduce the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth and then putting the wet cloth back into the pool for feeding and observing.
The pituitary extract is extracted as follows: (1) Selecting male and female fish with gonad mature of double-thorn raw spotted maigre, transversely splitting the cranium with a knife, taking out milky pituitary gland, removing blood silk and adipose tissue and keeping the pituitary gland unbroken; (2) Dehydrating with acetone for 3 times each for 6 hr at pituitary gland and acetone ratio of 1:10-20, and air drying.
The environment condition of the parent fish pond is that the salinity is still maintained at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, the illumination day-night ratio is changed from 4:20 to 12:12, the parent fish audio frequency is changed from the original 12 hours to 1 hour, the pH is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the micro-aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is maintained at 7mg/L. After the environmental condition is maintained for 5-7 days, the parent fish is checked. And 2 and 3 fish are selected from the male and female fish respectively for later use. The standard is that the abdomen of the female fish is slightly enlarged, the hand touch is soft, a small amount of ova are extruded from the head to the tail in a light pressure way, and the gonad development reaches the stage IV; the male fish extrudes the abdomen and the white semen flows out.
In the invention, in order to accelerate the gonad development rate and improve the development quality of parent fish, the parent fish can be subjected to intensified cultivation for about 40 days through the regulation and control of environmental factors and the intensified cultivation of nutrition in advance, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the aspect of environmental factor regulation, the salinity is directly reduced to the salinity 12 from the salinity 20 of the natural sea area by adopting a dip method; the temperature is raised to 24 ℃ from the water temperature of 18 ℃ in the natural sea area by adopting a (1 ℃/day) gradual raising method, and then the temperature is stabilized; the sound is played by adopting the sound emitted by the yellow lip fish parent fish recorded before in the cultivation process, and is maintained after being changed to 4:20 by adopting a gradual change method (day minus 1 h/night plus 1 h) from the natural day-night ratio of 12:12 through illumination; stopping the circulation of the flowing water in a mode of 8 hours (0.2 seconds/meter) of flowing water and 8 hours; the pH value is 8.0-8.3, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 7mg/L. The weight of the fish and the shrimp fed with the feed every day is 2-3 percent of the weight of the fish.
The gonadotrophin development strengthening additive comprises the following components: 2 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 1 part of marine yeast, 1 part of column-oven-controlled algae powder, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of fish oil and 1 part of water. Pulverizing the powder by a superfine pulverizer with 300 meshes, uniformly mixing by a conventional gradual expansion method, adding fish oil and water for secondary mixing, and then filling into capsules for refrigeration for later use, wherein the content of each capsule is 5 g. Before feeding, the capsules are plugged into a feed fish body or a shrimp body, and are fed to yellow lip fish, so that the proportion of the additive fed into the parent fish body is 0.001-0.0015%, and the weight of the parent fish is 10 kg, the amount of the additive is about 10-15 g (2-3 capsules).
2. Induced spawning and hatching
The dosage form of the oxytocic adopts pituitary extract of other large and medium-sized fishes (double-thorn original spotted maigre) in fishes of the genus Talargehead family and chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) produced by Ningbo second hormone factory, and the oxytocic dosage female fishes are: 5 microgram of pituitary extract of Nibea bifidus per kilogram of body weight of fish+1000 international units HCG per kilogram of body weight of fish; the male fish is halved.
After the catalysis, putting the parent fish back into the parent fish pond for production, and setting the main environmental conditions in the parent fish pond as follows: the salinity is 12, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the pH is 7.6-8.0, and the dissolved oxygen in the pool is more than or equal to 7mg/L by aeration. Age of about 40 hours for induced spawning, followed by natural spawning and insemination of Huang Chunyu male and female individuals in the pool. Fertilized eggs are formed after insemination is completed. When the embryo grows to the blastula period, the embryo floating up to the water meter layer is fished out by a dip net, washed by clean and homothermal homosalt seawater for several times, and then placed into a hatching net box of a seedling raising pool for hatching.
The hatching net cage is arranged to be 2m in area 2 The net cage is round in shape, the depth of the net cage is 1.0m, the water surface is 0.3m, and the bottom of the center of the net cage is inflated. The salinity is set from initial salinity 12 to gradually rising to salinity 20 from embryo development to heartbeat stage, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, natural illumination is carried out, pH is 7.6-8.2, micro aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 7mg/L. After 20 hours of embryo hatching, the yellow croaker initially hatched fries (shown in figure 1) are obtained, the average fertility rate and the hatching rate reach 65% and 80% respectively, and the breakthroughs of endangered species Huang Chunyu rescue and protective breeding are realized.
3. Preparation of seed culture pond
The method comprises the steps of preparing seed culture ponds (diameter is 6m, pond depth is 1.5m,6 mouth ponds) one week before spawning, injecting seawater 1.3m after each culture pond is thoroughly disinfected, adding 5ppm of composite live bacteria stock solution (bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis and the like), adding 2L of brown sugar solution, adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution into the pond, and maintaining the color of water in the pond to be yellow-green. The transparency of the pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond water is slightly inflated, and the newly hatched fries can be inoculated to start to grow seedlings 5 days after water cultivation.
4. Seed cultivation
4.1 yellow lip fry rearing bait organisms are set as follows: feeding the nutrition-enhanced rotifers mainly after the young fish is initially hatched for 3 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml; feeding rotifers filtered by a 100-mesh net and copepods filtered by 80 meshes for 11-20 days old, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of copepod larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; when 21-30 days old, feeding the copepods adults, wherein the density of the copepods is maintained to be more than 2-3/ml. 30-40 days old, feeding large-sized copepods with the size of more than 2mm, maintaining the density of 2-3 copepods, and gradually domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed; and (5) feeding the mixed feed after 40 days of age. The seedling culturing situations of Huang Chunyu juvenile fish and the juvenile fish in the industrial culture pond are respectively shown in fig. 2 and 3.
4.2 acclimating method of compound feed is as follows, feeding starts every day when the illumination intensity of water surface in the early morning pool reaches 10lux, and the illumination intensity can not be measured in the evening pool. During the period, the mixed feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm is sprayed into the pool every 1 hour, and the feeding amount is 0.01-0.1 ppm each time. The time for starting and ending feeding every day in the domestication period is unchanged. The feeding ratio of the compound feed to the copepods is gradually changed from the initial 1:8 to the total compound feed. The feeding amount of the compound feed is 100-300% of the weight of the fish.
4.3 a method for reinforcing biological bait nutrition, wherein about 0.5ppm of complex bacteria stock solution is sprayed in a seedling raising pond at intervals, and the transparency of chlorella and golden algae is maintained at about 70cm; the column kettle for the nutrient enrichment culture of the rotifer is fed after 5ppm of the algae powder, 2ppm of the euphausia superba powder and chlorella liquid are enriched for 6 hours; the artemia nauplii are fed after being temporarily cultured for 48 hours and reinforced by using the water column kettle algae powder 5ppm, the south pole krill powder 2ppm and the chlorella liquid for 6 hours. The copepods were fed after 4 hours of fortification with 2ppm antarctic krill meal.
4.4 environmental factor regulation method for raising seedling is as follows, water temperature is 24-26 deg.C, salinity is 20-25, illumination is 500-2000 lux, pH 7.8-8.2, micro-aeration is carried out, dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, water is not changed 10 days before raising seedling, the same-temperature and same-salt clean sea water is changed 20-50% every day for 10-20 days, the same-temperature and same-salt clean sea water is changed 50-100% every day for 20-30 days, and the same-temperature and same-salt clean sea water is changed 100-600% every day after 30 days.
Through tests, the artificial breeding method is adopted, the spawning amount of the yellow lip fish is 30 ten thousand in total, 20 ten thousand fertilized eggs are obtained, the fertilized rate is 65%, the hatching rate of the initially hatched larva fish is 16 ten thousand, the hatching rate reaches 80%, and the larva fish body length reaches 17.5+/-1.4 cm after 66 days of cultivation. Counting to obtain the young yellow lip fish 10100 tail. The method makes an pioneering contribution to the rescue, protection, proliferation and development and utilization of germplasm resources of the endangered species of the yellow lip fish.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The artificial yellow lip fish raising process includes the following steps:
A. ripening acceleration of parent fish
Injecting a ripening agent into a parent fish body cavity of the yellow lip fish, and culturing for 5-7 days under the culture environment condition of the parent fish, and then checking, wherein the ripening agent is a composition of pituitary extracts and chorionic gonadotrophin of other large and medium-sized fishes except the yellow lip fish in the family of the stone head fish, and the injection amount of the ripening agent is as follows: 2 microgram pituitary extract/kg body weight of fish +500 international units chorionic gonadotrophin/kg body weight of fish,
the culture environment conditions of the parent fish are as follows: the salinity is maintained at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃ during ripening, and the illumination day-night ratio is gradually changed from 4:20 to 12:12 within 5-7 days; the audio sound of parent fish is changed from 11 hours to 5 hours to 1 hour, the pH is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.2m/s, the micro-aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 7 mg/L;
B. induced spawning and hatching
Injecting an oxytocic into the cavity of the mature parent fish, and returning the oxytocic into a parent fish pond for spawning, wherein the oxytocic is the same as the ripening agent, but the injection amount of a female parent fish is 2-2.5 times of that of the ripening agent, and the injection amount of a male parent fish is the same as that of the ripening agent; the to-be-produced environment of the parent fish is the same as the culture environment, but the illumination day-night ratio and the audio frequency sound of the parent fish are not adjusted,
insemination is carried out after natural insemination and spawning to form fertilized eggs which float on Chi Shuibiao layers, the fertilized eggs are collected when embryos develop to a blastula period and are placed in an incubation net cage in a seedling raising pond, the fertilized eggs are incubated under set environmental conditions, the Huang Chunyu fertilized eggs always keep rolling under the condition of salinity of 12, when the embryos develop to a heartbeat period, the salinity is gradually increased to 20, the water temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃, natural illumination is carried out, pH is 7.6-8.2, micro-inflation is carried out, dissolved oxygen is kept at 7mg/L, and yellow lip fish initially hatched fish is obtained after the embryos are incubated for 20 hours;
C. seed cultivation
Preparing a offspring seed cultivating pool one week before spawning, thoroughly sterilizing, then injecting seawater, adding 5ppm of composite live bacteria stock solution and brown sugar solution, simultaneously adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution into the pool, maintaining the water color in the pool to be yellow green, and inoculating the newly hatched fries 5 days after water culturing to start breeding; the composite live bacteria stock solution contains bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and enterococcus faecalis,
when the yellow lip fish fries are cultivated, the composition of the bait organisms is set as follows: feeding the nutrition-enhanced rotifers mainly after the young fish is initially hatched for 3 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of the rotifers is 15-20/ml; feeding rotifers filtered by a 100-mesh net and copepods filtered by 80 meshes for 11-20 days old, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of copepod larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; feeding the copepods adults at the age of 21-30 days, wherein the density of the copepods is maintained to be more than 2-3/ml; 30-40 days old, feeding large-sized copepods with the size of more than 2mm, maintaining the density of 2-3 copepods, and gradually domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed; the compound feed is fed after 40 days of age,
the method for regulating and controlling the environmental factors of the seedlings is as follows: the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the pH is 7.8-8.2, the dissolved oxygen is not less than 6mg/L, the water is not changed 10 days before seedling culture, the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is 20-50% each day in 10-20 days, the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is 50-100% each day in 20-30 days, and the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater is 100-600% each day after 30 days.
2. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step B, when the parent fish is induced spawning, the injection quantity of the induced spawning agent of the female parent fish is as follows: 5 microgram pituitary extract/kg body weight of fish +1000 international units chorionic gonadotrophin/kg body weight of fish, and half the injection amount of male fish parent.
3. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step a and the step B, the injection operation is performed as follows: the parent fish is fished out by using wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic, wrapped and placed on an operation table, after the parent fish does not struggle, the body cavity injection of ripening agent or oxytocic is carried out on the base part of the ventral fin, then the head part is poured by water with the same temperature and the same salinity, so that the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth is reduced, and then the wet cloth is put back into a pool for observation.
4. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step B, the culture environment conditions of the parent fish are as follows: the salinity is 12, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, the water flow is 0.2m/s, the pH is 7.6-8.0, and the dissolved oxygen in the pool is more than or equal to 7mg/L by aeration.
5. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step A, the parent fish standard is as follows: the abdomen of the female fish is slightly enlarged, the hand touch is soft, a small amount of ova are extruded from the head to the tail in a light pressure way, and the gonad development reaches the stage IV; the male fish extrudes the abdomen and the white semen flows out.
6. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
in the step B, the area of the hatching net cage is 2m 2 The net cage is circular in shape, the depth of the net cage is 1.0m, the water surface is exposed for 0.3m, a circle of fixing rings are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the net cage, a cross shape is additionally arranged in the middle of the lower fixing ring, and an inflating head is arranged in the center of the lower fixing ring.
7. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step C, the depth of seawater injected into the cultivation pool is 1.3m, the composite live bacteria stock solution and 2L brown sugar solution are added, a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution are added into the pool, and the color of water in the pool is kept yellow-green; the transparency of the pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond water is slightly inflated, and the pond water is inoculated into the newly hatched fries 5 days after water culturing to start the fry culturing.
8. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step C, the method for enhancing the nutrition of the biological bait comprises the following steps: sprinkling 0.5ppm of complex bacterial stock solution in the seedling pool, and maintaining the transparency of chlorella and golden algae at 70cm; the column kettle for the nutrient enrichment culture of the rotifer is fed after 5ppm of the algae powder, 2ppm of the euphausia superba powder and chlorella liquid are enriched for 6 hours; the artemia nauplii are fed after being temporarily cultured for 48 hours and reinforced by using the water column kettle algae powder 5ppm, the antarctic krill powder 2ppm and the chlorella liquid for 6 hours; the copepods were fed after 4 hours of fortification with 2ppm antarctic krill meal.
9. The artificial yellow lip fish breeding method according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the domestication method of the feeding compound feed is characterized as follows: starting feeding every day when the illumination intensity of the water surface in the early morning pool reaches 10lux until the illumination intensity of the water surface in the evening pool cannot be detected, and stopping feeding; splashing compound feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm into the pool for 12-16 times per day in 21-30 days, and feeding the compound feed per day according to the feeding amount of 2-10 g/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The feeding time is unchanged between the beginning and the end of the daily acclimatization period after 30-40 days of age, and the compound feed is fedThe feeding ratio of the amount to the copepods is gradually changed from 1:8 to all the mixed feed, and the particle size is increased to 0.5mm; the feeding amount of the compound feed after 40 days of age is 100-300% of the weight of the fish, and the grain size is increased.
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