CN101664006A - Artificial breeding technique of Sarotherodon sp - Google Patents
Artificial breeding technique of Sarotherodon sp Download PDFInfo
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- CN101664006A CN101664006A CN200810198293A CN200810198293A CN101664006A CN 101664006 A CN101664006 A CN 101664006A CN 200810198293 A CN200810198293 A CN 200810198293A CN 200810198293 A CN200810198293 A CN 200810198293A CN 101664006 A CN101664006 A CN 101664006A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial breeding technique of Sarotherodon sp for aquaculture industry, which comprises the stages of parent fish selective breeding and culture, egg laying, artificialhatching and larva breeding and culture, wherein the parent fish selective breeding and culture stage comprises parent fish selection and environmental condition control; in the egg laying stage, an induced spawning method and egg laying time control are required to be mastered; an indoor automatic artificial hatching technology is adopted for hatching for 2 to 3 days to produce fish fry, the fishfry flow to a collecting container with water from an upper opening of a hatcher, and sex reversal is performed at the same time; and before breeding fish fry in a pond, pond cleaning, disinfectionand sterilization, control of conditions such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, raising and other work are required to be done. The technology is scientific and reasonable, low in investment, simple in facilitates and easy to implement, realizes the artificial breeding of Sarotherodon sp, has the advantages of short breeding time, high fish fry quality, high survival rate and the like, is suitable for large scale breeding production and creates greate economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial breeding technique that is used for the Sarotherodon sp of culture fishery.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica is that Perciformes Callichthyidae Tilapia mossambica belongs to, and belongs to the tropical fish, has kind more than 100, and majority originates in Africa.Tilapia mossambica has grow fast, characteristics such as feeding habits are wide, fertility is strong, disease is few, meat is good, output height.The principal item of culturing has at present: more than 10 kinds such as Sarotherodon sp, lucky good fortune Tilapia mossambica, lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.Sarotherodon sp is the offspring of Oreochromis aureus and bolti hybridization, is the main at present Tilapia mossambica kind of culturing of China.It is regional wide that the suitable Tilapia mossambica in coastal areas of southern China area is cultured, and Tilapia mossambica is cultured has huge potentiality to be exploited and advantage.
Tilapia mossambica is for mouthful incubating property fish, and when water temperature reached more than 22 ℃, sexually matured female, milter began the pairing breeding, and final fertilized egg sucks in the raun oral cavity hatches.An about week, just hatch fry, fry spues from female lymphogranuloma inguinale, and beginning is ingested in water, is grown.
The nature hatching pattern has following some shortcomings: the female lymphogranuloma inguinale time of incubating is grown, the fertilized egg hatching rate is low, survival rate is low; The nature hatching pattern, the fry of collecting at last can not know clearly the parent of every tail fish from different parents, so genetic background is unclear, can not carry out family selective breeding.
China ubiquity Tilapia mossambica parent germplasm is degenerated at present, fertility descends, batch production production degree is not high, the Sarotherodon sp of high-quality is cultured problems such as popularity rate is low, has restricted the development of Tilapia mossambica industrialization.
The object of the invention is to overcome above-described defective, seeks out a kind ofly can improve fry quality and survival rate, and is suitable for the artificial breeding technique of suitability for industrialized production breeding.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize above purpose, the present invention adopts four processing steps: comprise parent population seed selection and cultivation, lay eggs, artificial incubation, the cultivation four-stage of growing seedlings, embodiment:
1 parent population seed selection and cultivation
Parent population physique stalwartness, anosis, do not have and hinder.The general Tilapia mossambica of selecting more than 1 age.Parent population has experienced 3 seed selections before use.Generally when juvenile fish reaches 50g-100g, Oreochromis aureus and bolti need be picked out independent raising respectively.When body weight reaches 250g-300g, select that the tail line is bright-coloured hurriedly, the tail band is neat, body is longer, does not have deformity, and the mouth of raun will put down and do not stick up, eliminate the male and female Tilapia mossambica each 20%.Carry out seed selection for the third time before surviving the winter, more superseded specifications are less, and 20%. female, the male parents that respectively account for the male and female Tilapia mossambica were advisable with 2: 1.
Parent population storage pond, holding pond area is with 20m
2Square being advisable, breeding density is at 1 tail/m
3Before putting parent population in a suitable place to breed, the parent population storage pond, holding pond is put dried Chi Shuihou, be exposed to the sun 6 days, use quicklime 200g/m
3Convert aquation slurry back full pool spilling head, add new water after 2 days gradually, Oreochromis aureus is placed in the different storage pond, holding ponds with the bolti parent population cultivates to the depth of water more than 1.3 meters behind the label, new water 1-2 time of annotating every day, promotion parent population sexual gland is further grown.
Water quality: the regulation that should meet NY5051:
Intensity of illumination: 500lux-100lux
Water temperature: 25-29 ℃
Salinity: 5-10 ‰
PH：6.5-8.3
2 lay eggs
Some bellies are soft, and the tangible parent population of sexual gland profile is put into spawning inducing pool, adopts the method for ecological stimulation, promotes the parent population spontaneous estrus to lay eggs.Observe the activity of parent population, grasp the egg-laying time of parent population.Find the parent population post-coitum,, put into basin, behind the measuring cup counting, move in the incubation tank and hatch with clear water rinsing 2-3 time even fertilized egg is taken out from the oral cavity of raun.
3 artificial incubation
Incubation tank is conical Plastic Drum, uses the preceding 30ppm-50ppm of using liquor potassic permanganate to soak 30 minutes, and adding preheating water in flushing back is stand-by, and lucifuge cloth is established on the roof, and door and window is hung cotton curtain, so that light modulation is incubated.Establish preheating water inlet channel and stainless steel steam intensification pipeline in the pond.Pond water enters the hatchery after 3 grades of filtrations, the preheating of preheating pond.The preheating pond is provided with 1 gas head, is 0.3T/h boiler heating temperature control with evaporation discharge, and the hatchery temperature is controlled at about 29 ℃.Set up hatching pail in the hatchery, fertilized egg putting into incubated bucket, each hatching pail is placed the fertilized egg of 500ml, the about 12-15 of a 1ml fertilized egg.Fine bourn impacts, and makes fertilized egg, fully rolls.
Sarotherodon sp fertilized egg ovalize is slightly yellow.29 ℃ of temperature, salinity is that brooding time is 65-75h under 5 ‰ conditions, and newly hatched larvae enters accepts carrying out property switch technology behind the pond, and the 3rd day just can the interior nursery pond of inlet chamber.Need pond and sterilization clearly before putting seedling, Chi Shui advances and goes into the pond after 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filter, and gas distribution stone continuous charge in the pond remains on more than the 5mgL dissolved oxygen in the water, adds algae liquid regulation and control transparency 50-60cm.Drop into 8/ml-12 of wheel animalcule/ml, put seedling density 30000-50000 tail/m3.Note the water temperature and the salinity that suit when putting seedling, nursery pond is no more than 1 ℃ with the water temperature temperature difference of hatching water, and the salinity difference is no more than 3 ‰.Fry is slowly put into the pond, and the fry of lower storage reservoir happiness just gathers at Chi Jiao, and is many with the upper strata.
4 fry rearings
Sarotherodon sp prelarva the initial feeding generally 3-4 behind membrane days.The prelarva initial feeding has two obvious characteristics: eye melanin and belly melanin that (1) is observed visually prelarva occur; (2) prelarva is placed glass, at the bottom of as seen it effectively collides glass with rhynchodaenm or wall of cup.The action in case the discovery prelarva ingests, the open-mouthed bait of in time throwing something and feeding guarantees that prelarva obtains enough nutrition.Prelarva mainly contains bait size, vulnerability (swimming rate, branch water distribution layer), relative abundance and palatability etc. to the selection index of food species, wherein the most noticeable still bait size, and it is decided by the bore of prelarva.Young postlarva is taken the photograph the 50-75% that the bait bicker is a bore under nature, and with this scope as agreeable to the taste bait size (body is wide).Can the ingest bait of the wide 400pm of body expanded letter of Sarotherodon sp prelarva about total length 6mm, when body reaches 10mm, the feed of 700um can be ingested.Fed with a spot of wheel animalcule in preceding 3 days behind the fish opening, density increases to 6/ml-10/ml, strengthens the feeding volume of wheel animalcule on the 4th day, and density increases to 10-15/ml.The content of the unsaturated fatty acid of wheel animalcule is on the low side, can not satisfy the nutritional need of prelarva, needs to carry out fortification with chlorella or cod-liver oil before wheel animalcule is thrown something and fed.It is 10000-20000/L that nurturing period keeps the wheel animalcule density of seedling water, and day feeds intake 3-4 time.Throw something and feed time of wheel animalcule be generally 18 its day about.
Prelarva is cultivated (total length 2.0cm-3.0cm) about 18 days at nursery pond, moves into outdoor cement nursery pond and continues to cultivate, and cement pit shifts to an earlier date desilting, sterilization, and pond water is gone into the pond behind 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, adopts the muck of fermentation or soya-bean milk rich water to cultivate biological feed.Prelarva goes into behind the pond to begin instruction in second day to feed the eel powder, and general water mixes pulpous state and throws something and feeds, every day early, middle and late respectively throwing something and feeding once, feeding volume is controlled at about 10% of prelarva body weight.Intake once every day, quantity of exchanged water 20-30cm.Treat that prelarva cultivates to total length 4cm when above, can put into the breed that pond towel carries out marketable fish.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a kind of artificial breeding technique of Sarotherodon sp route map
Case study on implementation
Example of the present invention is the artificial breeding test of carrying out in Maoming City luxuriant southern three high breeding breeding bases, and its method step such as above-mentioned embodiment carry out:
1,3-4 month then, pick out from the parent fish rearing pond that belly is soft, tangible 300 parent populations of sexual gland profile (female-male proportion is 2:1) are put into spawning inducing pool, water temperature is: 25 ℃, salinity: 5-10 ‰ adopts the ecological stimulation method to promote to lay eggs mating, check the oral cavity of raun after 5 days, find to contain fertilized egg in the oral cavity, break the raun lower jaw into two with one's hands, fertilized egg is taken out, put into basin with clear water rinsing 2-3 time, get 500ml ovum (about 6000-6200) and in incubation tank, experimentize.
2, incubation tank is conical Plastic Drum, and fine bourn impacts, and makes fertilized egg, fully rolls.The hatchery temperature is controlled at about 29 ℃, and salinity is under 5 ‰ conditions, and brooding time is 65-75h, PH:6.5-8.3, an osculum is opened as delivery port in the bucket top, just incubates the fish son and enters collecting pit from the incubator upper end open with current, and newly hatched larvae enters accepts carrying out property switch technology behind the pond.
3, the 3rd day just can inlet chamber in nursery pond.Nursery pond keeps the dissolved oxygen in the water to remain on more than the 5mgL, adds about algae liquid regulation and control transparency 50cm.Drop into 8/ml-12 of wheel animalcule/ml, put seedling density 30000-50000 tail/m3.Note the water temperature and the salinity that suit when putting seedling, nursery pond is no more than 1 ℃ with the water temperature temperature difference of hatching water, and the salinity difference is no more than 3 ‰.Seedling began food in 3-4 days, fed with a spot of wheel animalcule in preceding 3 days behind the fish opening, and density increases to 6/ml-10/ml, strengthened the feeding volume of wheel animalcule on the 4th day, and density increases to 10-15/ml.The content of the unsaturated fatty acid of wheel animalcule is on the low side, can not satisfy the nutritional need of prelarva, needs to carry out fortification with chlorella or cod-liver oil before wheel animalcule is thrown something and fed.It is 10000-20000/L that nurturing period keeps the wheel animalcule density of seedling water, and day feeds intake the 17 days time of the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding 3-4 time.
The result:
Prelarva was cultivated the 18th day at nursery pond, cultivated to the about 3.0cm-4.0cm of total length, can put into outdoor cement pond and carry out the breed or the sale of marketable fish and grow seedlings, and finally hatching grows seedlings is about 6000 tails, and survival rate is near absolutely.This technology has shortened natural brooding time, and the survival rate height.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of artificial breeding technique that is used for the Sarotherodon sp of culture fishery, this technology comprise parent population seed selection and cultivation, lay eggs, artificial incubation, the cultivation four-stage of growing seedlings.Wherein the parent population seed selection comprises that parent population is selected and the control of culture environment condition; Lay eggs and mainly grasp the method for hastening parturition, control egg-laying time; Adopt indoor automatic artificial incubation technology, hatching 2-3 can be hatched into fry greatly, and fry enters in the collection container with current from the opening part on incubator top, simultaneously carrying out property switch technology; Before putting in a suitable place to breed, seed carries out pond clearly, sterilization, conditions such as control temperature salinity, dissolved oxygen amount, work such as raising.
2, according to the artificial breeding technique of claims 1 described Sarotherodon sp, it is characterized in that: select above high-quality parent population in 1 age, male and female proportioning 2: 1 is with 20m
2Square storage pond, holding pond, control density 1 tail/m
3Put water quality in a suitable place to breed: the regulation that should meet NY5051; Intensity of illumination: 500lux-100lux; Water temperature: 25-29 ℃; Salinity: 5-10 ‰; Carry out the parent population cultivation under the condition of PH:6.5-8.3.
3, according to the artificial breeding technique of claims 1 described Sarotherodon sp, it is characterized in that: at spawning inducing pool 4m * 2m * 1m, adopt the ecological stimulation method, hasten parturition in conjunction with methods such as regulating 30-35 ℃ of water temperature, increase dissolved oxygen 2.5-3.5mg/L, the new water of filling, from female lymphogranuloma inguinale, fertilized egg is taken out.
4, according to the artificial breeding technique of claims 1 described Sarotherodon sp, it is characterized in that: at conical Plastic Drum incubation tank, pond water enters the hatchery after 3 grades of filtrations, the preheating of preheating pond, temperature is controlled at 25-32 ℃, salinity is 2-8 ‰, places the fertilized egg of 500ml, controls the flow velocity of water well, fine bourn impacts, fertilized egg is fully rolled, and brooding time is 60-70h, and a bore water outlet is arranged at bucket top, it is nursery pond down, and newly hatched larvae takes nursery pond to current and cultivates.
5, according to the artificial breeding technique of claims 1 described Sarotherodon sp, it is characterized in that: need pond and sterilization clearly before putting seedling, Chi Shui advances and goes into the pond after 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filter, gas distribution stone continuous charge in the pond, dissolved oxygen in the water is remained on more than the 5mg L, add algae liquid regulation and control transparency 50-60cm.Drop into 8/ml-12 of wheel animalcule/ml, put seedling density 30000-50000 tail/m3.Control water temperature and salinity when putting seedling well, nursery pond is no more than 1 ℃ with the water temperature temperature difference of hatching water, and the salinity difference is no more than 3 ‰.
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| CN200810198293A CN101664006A (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2008-09-04 | Artificial breeding technique of Sarotherodon sp |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101889560A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-11-24 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through temperature induction |
| CN101978822A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-02-23 | 茂名市茂南三高渔业发展有限公司 | Method for incubating tilapias |
| CN102415348A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 北京市水产科学研究所 | High-yield farming method of tilapia fish seeds |
| CN103109758A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-05-22 | 化州市光辉养殖场有限公司 | Tilapia fry rearing method |
| CN103120142A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-05-29 | 湛江国联水产开发股份有限公司 | Breeding method for levelly producing Tilapia seedlings all year round |
| CN103734050A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-23 | 茂名市海名威水产科技有限公司 | Tilapia breeding method |
| CN107306857A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 梁梅 | The method of pond culture male Tilipia |
| CN107333680A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-10 | 岚皋县绿水生态农业有限责任公司 | A kind of artificial breeding method of more squama shovel jaw fishes and special hatchery |
| CN109006595A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽瀚沣渔业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of torrid zone fingerling |
-
2008
- 2008-09-04 CN CN200810198293A patent/CN101664006A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101889560A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-11-24 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding gift tilapia fries with high male ratio through temperature induction |
| CN101978822A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-02-23 | 茂名市茂南三高渔业发展有限公司 | Method for incubating tilapias |
| CN102415348A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 北京市水产科学研究所 | High-yield farming method of tilapia fish seeds |
| CN103109758A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-05-22 | 化州市光辉养殖场有限公司 | Tilapia fry rearing method |
| CN103109758B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-04-15 | 化州市光辉养殖场有限公司 | Tilapia fry rearing method |
| CN103120142A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-05-29 | 湛江国联水产开发股份有限公司 | Breeding method for levelly producing Tilapia seedlings all year round |
| CN103734050A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-23 | 茂名市海名威水产科技有限公司 | Tilapia breeding method |
| CN107333680A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-10 | 岚皋县绿水生态农业有限责任公司 | A kind of artificial breeding method of more squama shovel jaw fishes and special hatchery |
| CN107306857A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 梁梅 | The method of pond culture male Tilipia |
| CN109006595A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽瀚沣渔业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of torrid zone fingerling |
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Open date: 20100310 |